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THE THREE Rs in
SUSTAINABILITY
(REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE)
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING COMMON
COURSES
SEMESTER 2 2016/17
COEB 422
PROJECT
SECTION 01
Ir. Hj. MOKHTAR BIN MAJID
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................
OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................
LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................
CONTENTS............................................................................................................
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................
APPENDIX.............................................................................................................
REFERENCES..
difference can it make if society plays their part in the 3Rs is also required. Research studies
from academic publications are made to comply with the tasks given.
Next, a survey on the awareness relating to the 3Rs in sustainability was conducted and
It is also required that ways to improve understanding and behaviour towards the 3Rs for
recycle) in sustainability.
4. Able to communicate and able to develop management skills especially in human
competence through writing and to show by examples that ethics and high integrity
INTRODUCTION
throw away. They conserve natural resources, landfill space and energy. Plus, the three R's
save land and money communities must use to dispose of waste in landfills.
From the above statement, we can conclude that the three Rs (Reduce, reuse and recycle)
as consumers cannot stop waste production entirely and the fact of creating a Zero Waste
Nation is impossible. Thus, the 3Rs play a crucial role by preventing waste generation at its
PLASTIC
CLOTHING
Segregate recyclables
from waste.
Place recyclables in a
household recycling
receptacle, e.g. used
plastic bag or cardboard
box
A research paper [1] highlighted that the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) system were
proposed with priority on source minimization, intermediate treatment then final disposal and
enlighten the waste generators to practice 3Rs as a substantial measure to reduce, reuse and
recycle the generated solid waste. It also opposes that the quantity of waste will increase if
This paper also provides readers with 3Rs different measures and skilful techniques to
minimize the volume of discarded waste materials such as The Solid Waste Management
Hierarchy.
Most
Preferred
Source Reduction
Least
Preferred
Reuse
Recycling
Resource Recovery
Incineratio
[Type text] Page
n 9
La
n
d
fill
Another journal [2] proposed modern strategies to the waste collection and management
system are conducted based on the 3Rs concept. The implementation of the 3Rs project
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Consultations
Baseline Survey
The journal also provides an action plane which serve as the basis of all initiatives and
However, there would be some risk with the plan. Predicted risks and their mitigation plan
waste . In fact in Malaysia we use 3Rs as a guideline so that we can live in healthy
environment. There are many ways our country used to inculcate 3Rs into the citizens daily
life . There are a lot of awareness programs has been done such as [3] 3Rs hunt which is a
treasure hunt race. It is to give an awareness about waste in landfills. Plus it is also to learn
and appreciate the importance of waste management likes recycling, reuse and reduce (3Rs)
and the importance of a low ecological footprint. 3Rs hunt is a platform to educate the public
about 3Rs which are reduce, reuse and recycle [4]. Then , there are also yearly programs
such as waste wise program which is usually held at the school as to inculcate and revive the
spirit of recycling among school children. The students will collect the recycle things by
using on call system. This program is to improve the way we manage our waste through
waste minimization and reuse and recycling of materials. Besides, Earth Hour is one of the
program 3R. It is a lights-off program held in oder to reduced energy consumption in our
country. On 11 November 2013, Malaysia had announced the National Recycling Day to
inculcate the habit of recycling among the population. Malaysia also had declared on every
Saturday is a plastic bags free day. The main point is to avoid plastic waste pollution
problems that are always increase from time to time. Citizens are encouraged to bring their
Malaysia also provides recycling bins to the public. There are three types of recycling
bins that have been provided by the government to dispose the recyclable items. Each color
of the bins represents different uses. These recycling bins come in various sizes 80 liters,
120 liters, 240 liters, 360 liters, and 660 liters. First is blue color which is used for paper. All
colored and non-colored paper such as newspapers, magazines, books, catalogue sheets,
brochures, calendars, cars, envelopes, and cardboard boxes not including the tissue paper,
color. It is used for glass. All colored and non-colored glass such as soft drink bottles, food
containers, vitamin bottles, and cosmetic bottles not including the crystal, mirrors, window
glasses, vehicle screens, porcelain, ceramic, metal, lab items, and jars or toxic glass bottles.
The last one is orange color. It is used for aluminum tins, steel tins, and plastic. All kinds of
aluminum and steel tins such as soft drink tins and food product tins. All colored and non-
colored tins such as shopping bags, bottle drinks, mineral water bottles, food containers,
detergent bottles, and vitamin bottles. It is not including the paint tins, toxic containers, lab
Other than that, our country also grab a chance by building Putrajaya city (Green
city). Putrajaya city had been reuse for local resources in construction. It reuse crushed stones
from the stone hill for the construction of rock filled that can reduce the construction costs.
This small crushed stone will be used as road pavement materials and it is also had use 16
hectares of palm oil biomass composition for the wetlands landscape usage. There is a waste
minimization and reuse of water. A large-scaling of rainwater harvesting by using lakes for
retention pond and the water will be reuse for landscape irrigation purposes. The reuse of
sewage water from the sewage treatment facility for landscape irrigation purposes[5].
Education is one of the important thing in our country so the government had find a better
way to inculcate 3Rs by changing the textbook to e-book. The purpose is to reduce the paper
3Rs also had been used in develop country such as Australia. Australia also made a lot
of awareness programs just like Malaysia which are an Earth hour, Say no to plastic bags and
refill your own drink bottle. [6]WWF-AUSTRALIA welcome support for battery
recycling bins. It is to ensure patrons and workers place the materials into
the correct bins. Zero Waste is a program that practical advices and tools
There is a huge difference it can make if the society practice the 3Rs in daily routine.
One of the differences is we can conserves energy and natural resources. We used less energy
by only using a recycled materials in manufacture than using completely raw materials. In
3Rs, we are conserving natural resources like trees, water, and mineral ores. For example, by
recycling a ton of papers we can save 7,000 gallons of water. Besides, the more we reduce,
reuse and recycle our waste, the less trash we put in landfills. Therefore, the less space we
have to devote to landfills. By practicing this method, it is not just to reduce the usage of
landfills to pile garbage, it also can help us to reduce the pollution. Major source of pollutions
are come from the landfills. Toxic emission from landfills leach into our air, water and soils.
This is why it is important for us to recycle hazardous material mindfully. Even "ordinary"
waste produces large amounts of methane in landfills which are 20-30 times more potent in it
climate change effects than carbon dioxide. Last but not least, by practicing 3Rs in our daily
from going to waste. For example, when we turn an old jeans into a school bag. We can save
our money from buying a new bag and it is also a good practice for college student like us to
A survey has been conducted towards 30 peoples of teenagers and adults. The main
purpose of this survey is to ensure whether the Malaysian peoples are aware about 3Rs in
sustainability. This survey was conducted by giving them questionnaire forms that been
conducted online.
Based on the survey conducted, only 80% of them have heard the term sustainability
in 3Rs but 100% of them do agree that 3Rs in sustainability is important. Next, most of the
respondents stated that they learn about 3Rs in school or universities and through the internet
the respondents. Three quarter of them states that they do own reused items at their home.
Examples of the reused items are plastic bottles which are being used as temporary fuel
funnel and vases, shoe boxes are used as book storages, plastic bags are used as trash bags,
tyres are used as flower pots, printed papers are used as draft papers, newspapers are being
used as glass cleaners and aquariums, pipes and wires are being used to make an automatic
pet feeder. Other than that, 10 of them states that they often used recycling bins and half of
them states that they do sometimes separate recycle wastes and non-recycle wastes at home.
When conducting the survey, we do asked the respondents on how important do they
think 3Rs in sustainability. 70% of them show interest in learning more about 3Rs and they
also agreed that their personal effort in practicing the 3Rs can make changes to the world. On
top of that, most of them do agree that each one of them carries a huge responsibility to help
making a difference in environmental issues. As we know, a lot of campaigns and events were
being held in Malaysia to spread the awareness about 3Rs and based on the survey 50% of
them states that the campaigns and events are actually work and give positive impact to the
society.
As a conclusion, the Malaysian people are actually aware about 3Rs in sustainability
however we are lacking of practices on the 3Rs. Thus, we believe that we can improve our
advertisement such as youtube, getting a popular person to influence the people to participate
practising the 3Rs while explaining the importance, relevance, procedure and whatnot of 3Rs
and make practicing 3Rs a fun way of living routine that can generate general interest which
can attracts wider audience and making better infrastructure for segregation and disposal of
wastes facilities.
We are quickly running out of space. It is time to learn the 3R's of the
environment: reduce, reuse, recycle. Then practice what you preach, do not buy things you do
not need or items that come in wasteful packaging or that cannot be recycled. Reuse and
Reducing the amount of waste you produce is the best way to help the
environment [10]. There are lots of ways to do this. For example, buy products that do not
have a lot of packaging. Some products are wrapped in many layers of plastic and paperboard
that do not require a lot of energy or resources to produce. Some products will put that
Instead of buying something you are not going to use very often, see if you can
borrow it from someone you know [8]. Cars use up energy and cause pollution. Some ways to
reduce the environmental damage caused by cars include carpooling with friends, walking,
Start a compost bin. Some people set aside a place in their yard where they can
dispose of certain food and plant materials. Over time, the materials will break down through
a natural process called decomposition. The compost is good for the soil in your yard and it
We can reuse instead of throwing things away by trying to find ways to use them
again. For example, bring cloth sacks to the store with you instead of taking home new paper
or plastic bags. You can use these sacks again and again. You will be saving some trees.
Plastic containers and reusable lunch bags are great ways to take your lunch to
school without creating waste. Coffee cans, shoe boxes, margarine containers, and other types
of containers that people throw away can be used to store things or can become fun arts and
Many of the things we use every day, like paper bags, soda cans, and milk cartons
are made out of materials that can be recycled. Recycled items are put through a process that
make it possible to create new products out of the materials from the old ones. In addition to
recycling the things you buy, you can help the environment by buying products that contain
recycled materials. Many brands of paper towels, garbage bags, greeting cards, and toilet
materials.
In some towns you can leave your recyclables in bins outside your home, and a
truck will come and collect them regularly. Other towns have recycling centres where you
can drop off the materials you have collected. Things like paper and plastic grocery bags, and
plastic and aluminium cans and bottles can often be brought to the grocery store for
recycling. Whatever your system is, it is important to remember to rinse out and sort your
recyclables [9].
There are also a few ways to improve understanding and behaviour towards this
development. First, we can make campaign on 3Rs. This campaign can be conduct in mall,
office and school to encourage people to work this out. Next is making advertisement on 3Rs
in many ways such as through newspaper or media social such as Facebook or Twitter [11].
By doing so, people will get to know and understand easily on how to improve the behaviour
towards 3Rs.
Last but not least, we can also separate this 3Rs development through education in
schools. There are a lot of activities such as games, events on how to encourage students to
improve their understanding. There are also some books that can teach students about
environment, which are Science Fair Fun and Teach About the Environment.
In conclusion to this project, our earth will always be our home. We people of this
world are one big community and need to come together to solve this problem of an ever
filling world of trash. We as individuals can make a difference, and the first step to make
a difference is by becoming aware. Reducing the waste, reusing the products and
recycling the trash we can make a happier healthier world for all.
REFERENCES
Mona Isa, and Shahabudin Abdullah. "3R s Critical Success Factor in Solid Waste
Management System for Higher Educational Institutions." Procedia - Social and Behavioral
[2] Chowdhury, Dr. Ahmedul Hye, Niaz Mohammad, Md. Rajib Ul Haque, and Dr.
Tafazzal Hossain. "Developing 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse And Recycle) Strategy for Waste
[3] http://www.mengo.org/news/latest-news/172-3r-hunt-set-to-challenge-malaysians-to-
learn-and-appreciate-the-importance-of-recycling,-reuse-and-reduce-3r
[4] http://www.kettha.gov.my/portal/index.php
[6] http://www.zerowaste.sa.gov.au/resource-centre/publications/events
[7] http://www.wwf.org.au/what-we-do
[8] http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0775891.html
[9] https://dnr.mo.gov/env/swmp/pubs-reports/threers.htm
[10] http://ehs.columbia.edu/ReduceReuseRecycle.html
[11] http://www.letsrecycle.com/news/latest-news/benn-launches-reduce-reuse-recycle-
campaign/