Executive summary

Organizational behavior is an important are of study for every organization. It

deals with organizational structure, culture and behavior of individual
employees. Leadership, leadership styles, organizational theory and
management styles, motivation theories, motivation style, effectiveness of
motivation, group behavior, nature of group, etc. This assignment analyzes
different aspects of organizational behavior of Burberry. Different types of
motivation are applicable in different situation. Management of Burberry is
concerned about different motivation theories and their usefulness and
useable situation. Different types of formal and informal group have been
formed in Burberry and functioning of these group are affected by various
ways by the development of technology.

Introduction

Behavior of employees and organization is the most curtail factor when want
to manage an organization. You need to know about how employee behaves
foe what reasons. The assignment has analyzed different behavioral factor of
Burberry. The first part of the assignment has described organizational
structure, culture and individual behavior. The second part of the assignment
has described about different leadership styles, management styles,
organizational theory and their application in Burberry. The third part of the
assignment has described application of motivation theories, usefulness of
motivation . the last part of the assignment has described organizational
group and group behavior.
1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structures and
culture like Burberry

According to Abeysinghe (2009) organizational structure simply describes

how an organization is put together in order to work. Organizational structure
is the operating manual of an organization. that represents a formal structure
in order to describe the way of accepting members, choosing leadership and
way of making decisions. It is a hierarchy within an organization that defines
each job, functions of job and the reporting place of the job. The main
purpose of establishing organizational structure is to define how an
organization is operated and to help to attain organizational goals. For
example, Burberry established its organizational structure such as design
director- creative director- chief creative officer.

According to Burns (1978) an organizational culture is the mutually shared

description about an organization which is form within it. It consists of mutual
values, rituals, of the community of the organization. For example, Burberry
established productivity oriented organizational culture that 800 people
weave and cut the fabric and hand-sew the coats, at a rate of more than
5,000 a week, or a quarter of a million a year.

According to Giuliani and Kurson (2002) compare and contrast organizational

culture which is given below.
Basics- Mentality, values and work ethics of employees and organization are
reflected through organizational culture of an organization. When the
employees of an organization aggressively compete for promotion and
business represent the cut-throat culture of an organization. The employees
of Burberry focuses on creativity that represent the friendly culture of
Burberry. On the other hand organizational structures are represented
through the way of accomplishing task of an organization. In Burberry in
order to accomplished a task the design director report to creative director
and the creative director report to chief creative officer.

Control- In order to established control or chain of command within

organization organizational structure is mandatory. Organizational structure
helps to maintain tight centralized control within organization. On the other
hand culture affects the attitude of the employees. How an employee report
to his supervisor depends on organizational culture.

Change- Culture of an organization can be changed any time. Changes in

policy and procedure can change organizational culture. On the other hand,
organizational structure cannot be changed quickly, it takes time to change.

Tangible- Organizational structure is tangible that means employees can

determine their position in the organization. On the other hand culture is not
tangible though the result of culture is tangible.

1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organisation's

structure and culture can impact on the performance of the
business.
A formal organizational structure is mandatory to attain the goals of the
organization. It distributes task different task to different peoples among the
organization and prevent people to do same job by more than one group or
employee. For example, organizational structure of Burberry defines the task
of design director, creative director and chief creative officer and prevents
them to do same task. Organization employs people from lots of background,
disciplines and different race. They process different types of attitudes,
behavior, traits, perceptions and aptitudes. Commonly shared organizational
culture is required to tie all people of organization from different background
and lead them to organizational goals. So, blend of organizational culture
and structure is mandatory to attain organizational goals (Frost, 1985).

Witte and Muijjen (1999) described that organizational structure is a

framework that determines how organizational culture is implemented. On
the other hand organizational culture determines how an organization should
establish its formal structure.

Organizational culture determines whether an organization should use

functional organizational structure or divisional organizational structure.
When the size of organization is very big, it should not use functional
organizational structure because it creates a lot of complexity in organization
such restriction in flow of communication, political complexity, cultural
complexity, etc that results dissatisfaction among employees. Divisional
organizational structure is best suited with big organization like Burberry
because it provides flexibility in all level of management and allows
creativity. Burberry operates in fashion industry and allowing flexibility is
mandatory in all level of management to attain its success. So, the relation
between organizational culture and structure extremely affect the success of
organization.
1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work
like Burberry.

Vecchio (1987) identified several factors that influence the behavior of

employee in the workplace which are described below.

Leadership- Behaviors of individual employee depends on management and

leadership of an organization. If management of san organization properly
lead and direct the employees, the employee will show positive
organizational citizenship otherwise not. For example, employees of Burberry
do not feel like to go work if the management is autocratic. The leader
should stand by this team, provide guidance to accomplish their day to day
task properly, help them to acquire work related knowledge and skill and
lead them to organizational goals.

Job responsibilities- Job responsibilities is an important factor that affect the

behavior of employees in the workplace. Employees will be motivated when
her asked to do what they can perform well or wishes to perform. On the
other hand employees will be dissatisfied if organization overburdens
employee.

Family and personal life- Family and personal life also affect the attitude of
employees in the work place. It is very simple prediction that when a person
fight with family member in the morning, do not feel happy and clam whole
day. Research provide evidence that late coming in the work place and
spoiling workplace culture is occurred by the employee when employees
family life are strained. So, organization should take care their employees
that their personal and family life is not disturbed for work pressure or any
other reason from organizational side.

Work culture- Workplace culture make employee happy and positive. When
the rules and regulation are same for all employees, they respect the rules
and regulation of organization and encouraged to obey it. Easy reporting
system and transparency encouraged employees to respect and obey their
bosses. Employees show positive attitude when they fill safe in organization
and their job are secure.

Effective communication- When the communication system of organization is

not effective, employee feel left out and disinterested to work. Effective
communication system motivate employees to work hard to achieve
organization goals.

Relationship at work place- Friendly relationship makes organization

competent to achieve its goals. On the other hand organizational polities,
competition among employees adversely affect the workplace culture.

2.1 compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in

different organizations

Organization and leadership has direct cause and effect relationship with
leadership. Employee`s motivation, values, change tolerance, culture are
shaped by different leadership style. Successful leaders execute institutional
strategies in order to reap maximum benefit from the organization`s
resource (Safire and Safir, 1990). There are different types of leadership
styles to be followed by different organization. The effectiveness of different
leadership styles in different organization are given below.

Autocratic leadership- Autocratic leadership is example of classic

leadership style. It is just like `` do what leader say`` type leadership.
Autocratic leadership basically destroy an organization as it force the
followers to execute plans and programs set by leader. Autocratic leadership
eliminates innovation, commitment, creativity although it is applicable in
some organization like military organization.

Democratic leadership- Democratic leadership is a type of participative

leadership. Managers take decision based on the opinion of followers. This
type of leadership style is applicable various type of commercial
organization.

Laissez-faire leadership- Laissez faire leadership is best suited for the

organization like Burberry because it allows innovation and creativity. In
liassez faire leadership leader do not either provide direction or make
employees responsible for their action. This types of leadership is best suited
with research organization, team organization and organization that required
creativity.

Situational leadership- In situational leadership leader may follow

autocratic approach or may follow democratic approach depends on the
situation. This leadership style is effective in manufacturing industry.
2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of
management

Organizational theory are defined as way of study to identify the patterns

and structures used by the organization in order to increase productivity,
maximize efficiency, solve problems and meet the expectation of
stakeholders (Statpac.org, 2016). Organizational theory evaluates the
structure of the organization, identify the relationship of organization with its
external environment and underpins the practice of management by
following ways.

Scientific management approach- Scientific management is the first

organizational theory of management developed by Frederic Winslow Taylor.
This organizational theory emphasized more on increasing productivity of
organization and did not consider the human side of the organization. It
introduced division of labor, piece work basis payment system functional
foremanship to increase productivity. It considered workers as a machine
rather than human being.

Administrative management- Henry Fayol provides the principles of

administrative management to lead better management practices. He
introduced fourteens principles of management in order to ensure effective
management practices. Some important principles given by Fayol are
division of labor, unity of command, unity of direction, authority and
responsibility, disciplines, etc.

Bureaucratic approach- This organizational theory emphasized on

necessity of the organization rather than irrational motion and intention of
managers and owners. It underpins the practice of management through its
six principles like division of labor, application of consistent and complete
rules, chain of command, separation of personal and official property,
selection and promotion based of qualification.

Human relation approach- Human relation approach was emphasized on

human relation through participation of employee in decision making in order
to increase productivity of organization.

After evaluating different organizational theories it can be said that human

relation approach should be focused by Burberry.

2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by

different organizations.

Management style should be adapted with needs and situation of the

organization. It should be suited with particular demand of the organization.
There are different types of management style to be followed but no single
management approaches are suited with all types of organization.
Management approach varies from organization to organization (Robbins and
Coulter, 2005).

Visionary approach- Visionary approach of management is appropriate for

these types of organization that need direction. This approach of
management shares a common vision and goals to the employees and
provides then strategies and resource to attain the vision.
Coaching approach- Coaching approach of management gives emphasis on
the development of employee in order to improve performance and helping
them to connect with organizational goals.

Affilative approach- Affiliative approach of management gives more focus on

team work among the organization and creates harmony among the group of
people of the organization. Organization like Burberry should follow affiliative
approach of management style.

Democratic approach- In democratic management style management run

the organization based on joint decision taken by management and
employees. Democratic management approach is appropriate when direction
behind the organization is unclear and management needs wisdom from
employees.

Commending- Commending approach of management is applicable when the

employees are not committed to organization and tends to avoid
responsibilities. It is mostly used in military organization. It involves
employees through criticism not through praise.

3.1 Discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on
motivation in organizations in periods of change

Business world follow different style of leadership to motivate employees in

different situations. Depending on the situation managers adopt different
leadership style to motivate their employees. Various leadership styles have
following impact on motivation in organization in the period of change
(Leavitt, 1967).
Autocratic leadership- autocratic leader rarely seek input from his followers.
They motivate their followers by building trust on leadership and worthiness
of leader. Employees have the confidence on leader that their manager
takes accurate and productive decision.

Democratic leadership- Democratic leader motivates employees by involving

them with decision making process. Inclusion tactic is used by the
democratic leader to motivate employees. As the employees are involved in
decision making process, it creates self responsibility among them and they
are committed to attain organizational goals.

Quiet leadership- Quiet leader motivate the employees by allowing them to

make decision about day to day operations. Organization having proactive
and highly trained working groups uses this kind of leadership approach to
motivate the employees. Burberry should use quiet leadership to motivate
the employees.

Transformational leadership- Being charismatic transformational leader

motivates his followers by transforming organizational vision.
Transformational leaders create vision among employees and motivate to
achieve this vision by adjusting organizational goals with employee`s
personal goals.

3.2 compare the application of different motivational

theories within the workplace

Different scholars provide their motivation theories from different

perspective. The application different motivation theories depend on
situation and nature of organization (Whiteley, 2002). Depending on nature
of organization and different situation, a comparison among the application
of different motivational theories is given below.

Application of Hertzberg`s two factor theory- This theory is applicable

on happiest and most productive workforce. To motivate employees
organization should improve both motivate and hygiene factors. This theory
prevents job dissatisfaction by ensuring rights of employees and treating
with fair wages and motivates employees by appreciating them and treating
with respect.

Application of Maslow`s hierarchy of needs- Safety, Physiological

needs are fulfilled by providing fair wages and job security. The 3 rd stage
needs are satisfied by ensuring friendly working environment, informal group
among organization. The 4th and 5th stage needs are satisfied by providing
best employee award, medals and crest.

Application of Hawthorne Effect- Organization motivates employees by

observing them when they are in the workplace. Hawthorne studies are
applied to provide regular feedback, providing methods and strategy of
accomplishing task, etc.

Application of Expectancy Theory- Organizations apply expectancy

theory by introducing performance based reward system in organization. So,
the employees will motivated that if they achieve target, they will be
provided their desired reward.

3.3 evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers

Getting things done through employees is the main job of a manager. To
achieve organizational goals and objectives providing motivation to the
employee is must. If the employees are not internally inspired to achieve his
target, they will not provide their level best efforts to achieve target. So,
managers should be concern about the application of different motivational
theories in different context to inspired employees. In highly competitive
business world, no organization can exist without achieving its corporate
goals and objectives. If every individual employee provides his best effort,
only then the organization can achieve its corporate objectives and goals. So,
every individual employee provide his best efforts when he or she is
motivated towards organization goals. When the employees are
demotivated, they will not provide their best efforts. So, motivating
employees is the most essential managerial skill for today`s managers.
Rapid change in today`s business world make it is more important for
managers to motivate and help employees to optimize their performance.
When employees are motivated, they are committed to organization and
take organizational goals as their own goals and provide their best efforts to
achieve these goals. There are several theories of motivation of different
scholars an all of which are not effective in all situations. Managers should
have clear cut knowledge about all motivation theories and their application
(Analytictech.com, 2016).

4.1 explain the nature of groups and group behavior within

organizations

When two or more people work together and interact with one another to
achieve same purpose a group is formed. Organization cannot achieve its
goals until the employees work in a group rather than individual (Culliney,
2014).
Different types of group are created within organization to achieve different
types of purposes. A team or working group works to achieve specific
objectives, dependent on each other for relative action and support each
other to achieve objectives (Managementstudyguide.com, 2016). Usually in a
organization there are two types of group are formed. These are-

Formal group- A formal group is created within organization by following

organizational structure strictly in order to assign task and responsibilities
within the organization. The formal organizational group is created to achieve
specific target. There are two types of formal group- task and command
group.

Informal group- Employees of an organization spontaneously and naturally

create informal group within organization. Informal group is not created to
achieve specific organizational target. Employees create it for needs of
closeness, support and help.

Group behavior are known as group dynamics. The way of forming a group,
their configuration and process and intention behind forming group are set in
group dynamics. Both the informal and formal group has group dynamics.

4.2 discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of

effective teamwork in organizations.

Management of an organization cannot use the full potentiality of its human

resource until every individual member of organization involved himself in a
working group and committed to this group (Weyn and Baker, 2002). It is the
responsibility of management to provide supporting environment that help to
build innovative and committed work team in an organization. Robert S.
Pepper (2014) defined that team work of an organization depends on several
factors----

Individuals- Whether a working group is good or bad depends on the

individuals belongs to the group. The consciousness and dedication of
individual workers of organization can promote and inhibit the development
of effective working group in organization.

Group size- Although determining the optimal size of a group is difficult, it

depends on the problems arises from the activity of group. Usually group
formed by smaller number of member can effectively achieve objectives.

Group norms- How much a group contributes to organization`s goals

depends on the norms of group. Group norms are informal code of conducts
and guidelines of behavior members of group to be followed.

Synergy- Without synergy a working group can not contribute much to the
organization. Working teams achieve synergy when their collective
performances produce better result than the sum of their individual
performance.

Leadership- The leadership of formal group determines how much a working

team contribute to the organization.

4.3 The impact of technology on team functioning in Burberry

Burberry is company that deals with fashion goods. Technology plays vital
roles in functioning of working team of Burberry. It can use technology such
as wearable technology blur and 3D printing to increase efficiency in
manufacturing works. It should focus on Smartphone commerce. The
Smartphone commerce allows it to reach its fashion product to remote place
through virtual showroom. The Smartphone commerce allows it work team to
provide real time customer service and take customer feedback,
personalized data- driven advertising, and social media integration. It allows
work team to meet the customer`s demand today and future. Different
customized software and communication technology such as intranet and
extranet allows it team member to communicate effectively among them
and with interested parties. Development of technology affects the function
of team members in different ways because technology makes it absolute
what is new today (Mindspring.com, 2016).

Conclusions

After preparing this assignment, I have learned lots of valuable knowledge. It

gives me profound understanding about organizational structure, culture and
relation between culture and structure. I have learned how different
leadership and management styles should fit with different situation. I have
learned about the application of different motivational theories and
usefulness of motivation theories. Finally, I have learned about different
group formed in organization and how it is formed and group behavior.
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