Structure of the eye

Part of the
Structure Location Function
eye
Scelera Tough white In the outer part Protects the eye
(opaque) part of the eye, like a Prevents the entry of germs and
of the eye coat microorganisms
Cornea Like a In front of the Lets light into the eye
transparent sclera
window
Iris Colored rings Behind the cornea Controls the size of the pupil so
of tissues that the retina is not damaged
Allows the right amount of light to
fall on the retina
Pupil A dark hole In the middle of Lets light into the eye
the iris
Suspensory Series of fibres Between the Works together with ciliary
ligaments attached to ciliary muscles muscles and the lens for
the ciliary and the lens accommodation
muscles like
the spokes of
the wheel
Ciliary Ring of Behind iris These muscles contract or relax to
muscles muscles carry out accommodation
Lens A transparent Held by the Changes shape by the action of
structure suspensory ciliary muscles and suspensory
made of cells ligaments and ligaments for accommodation.
containing ciliary muscles, The lens become more or less
elastic located just convex
crystalline behind the pupil
protein
Choroid A dark layer Under the sclera Prevents light from being
containing refracted around the eye to form a
many pigment sharp image.
cells and blood Provides nourishment to the rod
vessels and cone cells
Retina Light sensitive Under the choroid Converts light energy to electrical
layer At the back of the impulses
Contains cone eye
and rod cells
Cone cells Light sensitive Located along the 1. Bright light
cells; conical retina, 2. Clear image
shaped particularly 3. Distinguish colors
concentrated in
fovea
Rod cells Cylindrical Located along the 1. Dim light
cells which are retina 2. Blurred images
light sensitive 3. Black and white images
Fovea Area At the centre of To get a sharp image
consisting of the retina
 concentrated
cone cells
Blind spot Area where On the retina Cannot form images (Does
there is no nothing)
cone or rod
cells
Optic nerve Are made of Between eyes To carry electrical impulses to and
sensory and and ears from brain and eye
motor Behind the blind Sensory neurone optical nerve
neurones spot brain

Differences between Motor neurone and Sensory neurone

Motor Neurone Sensory neurone

Cell body at the end of axon Cell body at the side branch of fibres
CNS Effector organ Receptor organ CNS
Has several dendrons Has only one Dendron
Has longer axon Has shorter axon
Always have myelin-insulated axons Fibres are only often myelinated
Cell body inside CNS Cell body outside CNS

Iris reflex

Iris reflex in bright light Iris reflex in dim light

Circular muscle: Contract Circular muscle: Relax
Radial muscle: Relax Radial muscle: Contract
Pupils: constrict Pupils: Dilate
Allows less light into it Allows more light into it

Structure of the brain

Part of the Structure Location Function

brain
Cerebrum Made up of 2 1. Causes all voluntary actions.
cerebral 2. Receives and process
hemispheres. information from all sense
Cerebral cortex organs
as an outer layer 3. Origin of higher activities;
Contains sensory memories, reasoning, emotions,
and motor areas personality
Cerebellum Behind the 1. Coordinating the contraction of
cerebellum muscles
2. Maintaining balance
Medulla Brain stem Connects the 1. Controls basic body activities
spinal cord with (eg. Heart rate and breathing
 the rest of the rate)
brain
Pituitary Gland Base of the 1. Secretes a number of hormones
brain into the blood
Below
hypothalamus
Hypothalamus Above the 1. Produces a number of hormones
hypothalamus stored in pituitary glands
2. Gives instructions for the
pituitary gland to secrete the
hormones