11lec Mimo Mmse ZF

Simplified MIMO receiver architectures
Rohit Budhiraja
MIMO Wireless Communications (EE677)
March 8, 2017
MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 1

Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
1 Reference for todays class: Tse and Vishwanath Sec 8.3 onwards
Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
inter-stream interference for kth stream
Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
Matched filter maximizes the kth stream SNR by ignoring inter-stream interference
Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
Matched filter wk for kth stream hk
Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
X
nt
hHk y = ||hk ||2 xk + hHk hi xi + hHk n
i =1,i 6=k
Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
X
nt
i =1,i 6=k
Performs well when noise dominates the inter-stream interference
Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
X
nt
i =1,i 6=k

Perfoms poorly at regime when interference dominates the noise
Matched filter1
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
X
nt
i =1,i 6=k

Perfoms poorly at regime when interference dominates the noise
Generalized matched filer expression is HH
Zero-forcing/decorrelator (1)
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
Decorrelator cancels the the inter-stream interference by ignoring the noise

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }

Decorrelator wk for kth stream

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }

Should be orthogonal to the vectors h1 , , hk1 , hk+1 , hnt

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }

nt
X
yk = wkH y = wkH hk xk + wkH hi xi +wkH n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
=0

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi +n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }

nt
X
yk = wkH y = wkH hk xk + wkH hi xi +wkH n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
=0
= wkH hk xk + wkH n

Signal power of kth stream is

E [wkH hk xk (wkH hk xk )H ] = wkH hk E [xk xkH ]hH w = Pk |wkH hk |2

Noise power of kth stream is


H H H H H H 2
E [wk n(wk n) ] = wk E [nn ]wk = N0 wk wk = N0 ||wk ||


H H H H H H 2
SNR of kth stream is

Pk |wkH hk |2
N0 ||wk ||2


H H H H H H 2

Pk |wkH hk |2
N0 ||wk ||2
Applying Cauchy-Schwartz inequality on the numerator of SNR


H H H H H H 2

Pk |wkH hk |2
N0 ||wk ||2

Pk |wkH hk |2 P||wk ||2 ||hk ||2 Pk ||hk ||2
2
2
=
N0 ||wk || N0 ||wk || N0


H H H H H H 2

Pk |wkH hk |2
N0 ||wk ||2

2
2
=
N0 ||wk || N0 ||wk || N0
We know that inequality is met with equality when wk = chk and c can be set as 1


H H H H H H 2

Pk |wkH hk |2
N0 ||wk ||2

2
2
=
N0 ||wk || N0 ||wk || N0
We cannot choose wk = hk as it should be designed to be orthogonal to vectors
h1 , , hk1 , hk+1 , hnt

H H H H H H 2

Pk |wkH hk |2
N0 ||wk ||2

2
2
=
N0 ||wk || N0 ||wk || N0
We cannot choose wk = hk as it should be designed to be orthogonal to vectors
h1 , , hk1 , hk+1 , hnt except when h1 to hnt are orthogonal
Maximum rate of kth stream is


!
Pk |wkH h|2
Ck = log 1+
N0 ||wk ||2


! !
Pk |wkH h|2 Pk ||hk ||2
Ck = log 1+ < log 1+
N0 ||wk ||2 N0


! !
Ck = log 1+ < log 1+ = CSIMO
N0 ||wk ||2 N0


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck
Decorrelator wk should be orthogonal to vectors h1 , , hk1 , hk+1 , hnt


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck
Decorrelator wk should be in the left nullspace of matrix k = [h1 , , hk1 , hk+1 , hn ]

H t


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck

H t
Decorrelator wk can therefore be designed by finding the left nullspace of H k


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck

H t
k is nr (nt 1) = nr nt + 1
Dimension of left nullspace of H


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck

H t
To design wk , dimension of left nullspace of Hk > 0


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck

H t
nr nt + 1 > 0


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck

H t
nr nt + 1 > 0
nr > nt 1


! !
N0 ||wk ||2 N0
Pnt
Sum rate is k=1 Ck

H t
nr nt + 1 > 0
nr > nt 1
nr nt

Zero-forcing/decorrelator design
Figure: Bank of decorrelator, each estimating parallel data streams

General expression for decorrelator is (HH H)1 HH


Recall our system model is y = Hx + n. Decorrelator is the left inverse of H.


Recall our system model is y = Hx + n. Decorrelator is the left inverse of H.
Left inverse exists for a tall matrix with nr nt
Zero-forcing/decorrelator performance
Figure: Achievable rate performance of decorrelator for nt = nr = 8 iid Rayleigh fading channel

Zero-forcing/decorrelator with successive interference cancellation
Figure: Decorrelator-SIC

Zero-forcing/decorrelator SIC performance
Figure: Ratio of rate to capacity for nt = nr = 8

Matched filter and decorrelator performance comparison
Figure: Ratio of rate to capacity for nt = nr = 8

Simplified receiver architectures MMSE (1)
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi + n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
zk

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi + n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
zk
= hk xk + zk

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi + n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
zk
= hk xk + zk
Here zk is colored Gaussian noise with covariance matrix Kzk = E[zk zH

k ]

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi + n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
zk
= hk xk + zk
Here zk is colored Gaussian noise with covariance matrix Kzk = E[zk zHk ]
H
nt nt
X X
Kzk = E[zk zH
k ] = E hi xi + n hi xi + n
i =1,i 6=k i =1,i 6=k

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi + n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
zk
= hk xk + zk
H
nt nt
X X
Kzk = E[zk zH
i =1,i 6=k i =1,i 6=k

nt nt
X X
= E hi xi + n xiH hH
i +n
H
i =1,i 6=k i =1,i 6=k

Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi + n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
zk
= hk xk + zk
H
nt nt
X X
Kzk = E[zk zH
i =1,i 6=k i =1,i 6=k

nt nt
X X
i +n
H
i =1,i 6=k i =1,i 6=k

nt h i
X
= E hi xi xiH hH
i
+ E nnH
i =1,i 6=k
Our system model
y = Hx + n
nt
X
= hi xi + n
i =1
nt
X
= hk xk + hi xi + n
i =1,i 6=k
| {z }
zk
= hk xk + zk
H
nt nt
X X
Kzk = E[zk zH
i =1,i 6=k i =1,i 6=k

nt nt
X X
i +n
H
i =1,i 6=k i =1,i 6=k

nt h i nt
X X
= E hi xi xiH hH
i
+ E nnH = Pi hi hH
i + N0 Inr
i =1,i 6=k i =1,i 6=k
Simplified receiver architectures MMSE(2)
Recall any covariance matrix is a positive definite matrix

1 1
Kzk is a positive definite matrix (with SVD Kzk = UUH ) and Kz2k = U 2 UH

1 1
Our system model

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk
We want to whiten the noise so that we can user matched filter to maximize SINR of xi

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk
1 1 1
Kzk 2 y = Kzk 2 hk xk + Kzk 2 zk
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk
1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk
1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
Covariance matrix of zk
H
E[zk
zk ]

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk
1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h

H 1 H
1
zk ] = E Kzk 2 zk zk Kzk 2
E[zk

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk
1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h

1 1 1
h i 1
H H H
zk ] = E Kzk 2 zk zk Kzk 2 = Kzk 2 E zk zk Kzk 2
E[zk

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk
1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h

1 1 1
h i 1 1 1
H H H
zk ] = E Kzk 2 zk zk Kzk 2 = Kzk 2 E zk zk Kzk 2 = Kzk 2 Kzk Kzk 2
E[zk

1 1
Our system model
y = hk xk + zk
1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h

1 1 1
h i 1 1 1
H H H
zk ] = E Kzk 2 zk zk Kzk 2 = Kzk 2 E zk zk Kzk 2 = Kzk 2 Kzk Kzk 2 = Inr
E[zk

Resultant system model is
1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
H H h
H zk
h ky = h k k xk + hk matched filtering

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
H H h
H zk
1 1 1
hH 2 hH 2 k xk + hH K 2z
k Kzk y = k Kzk h k zk k

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
H H h
H zk
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
hH
k Kzk
2 Kzk 2 y = hH 2 2 H 2 2
k Kzk Kzk hk xk + hk Kzk Kzk hzk

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
H H h
H zk
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
hH
k Kzk
2 Kzk 2 y = hH 2 2 H 2 2
1 1 H 1
hH
k Kz y = hH
k Kz hk xk + hk Kz zk
k k k

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
H H h
H zk
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
hH
k Kzk
2 Kzk 2 y = hH 2 2 H 2 2
1 1 H 1
hH
k Kz y = hH
k k k
vkH y = vkH hk xk + vkH zk

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
H H h
H zk
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
hH
k Kzk
2 Kzk 2 y = hH 2 2 H 2 2
1 1 H 1
hH
k Kz y = hH
k k k

1
where vk = Kz hk
k
Weight vector vk is called MMSE combiner

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
H H h
H zk
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
hH
k Kzk
2 Kzk 2 y = hH 2 2 H 2 2
1 1 H 1
hH
k Kz y = hH
k k k

1
where vk = Kz hk
k
vk = K1
z hk = k

1 1 1
| {z } | {z } | {z }

y
hk
zk

y = k xk + zk
h
H H h
H zk
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
hH
k Kzk
2 Kzk 2 y = hH 2 2 H 2 2
1 1 H 1
hH
k Kz y = hH
k k k

1
where vk = Kz hk
k

1
nt
X
vk = K1
zk hk = Pi hi hH
i + N0 Inr hk
i =1,i 6=k

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Simplified MIMO receiver architectures

MIMO Wireless Communications (EE677)

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 1

Performs well when noise dominates the inter-stream interference

Performs well when noise dominates the inter-stream interference

Performs well when noise dominates the inter-stream interference

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 3

Decorrelator cancels the the inter-stream interference by ignoring the noise

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 3

Decorrelator cancels the the inter-stream interference by ignoring the noise

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 3

Decorrelator cancels the the inter-stream interference by ignoring the noise

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 3

Decorrelator cancels the the inter-stream interference by ignoring the noise

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 3

Decorrelator cancels the the inter-stream interference by ignoring the noise

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 3

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 4

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 4

Noise power of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 4

Noise power of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 4

Noise power of kth stream is

SNR of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 4

Noise power of kth stream is

SNR of kth stream is

Applying Cauchy-Schwartz inequality on the numerator of SNR

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 4

Noise power of kth stream is

SNR of kth stream is

Applying Cauchy-Schwartz inequality on the numerator of SNR

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 4

Noise power of kth stream is

SNR of kth stream is

Applying Cauchy-Schwartz inequality on the numerator of SNR

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 4

Noise power of kth stream is

SNR of kth stream is

Applying Cauchy-Schwartz inequality on the numerator of SNR

Noise power of kth stream is

SNR of kth stream is

Applying Cauchy-Schwartz inequality on the numerator of SNR

Maximum rate of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 5

Maximum rate of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 5

Maximum rate of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 5

Maximum rate of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 5

Maximum rate of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 5

Maximum rate of kth stream is

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 5

Maximum rate of kth stream is

Decorrelator wk should be in the left nullspace of matrix k = [h1 , , hk1 , hk+1 , hn ]

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 5

Maximum rate of kth stream is

Decorrelator wk should be in the left nullspace of matrix k = [h1 , , hk1 , hk+1 , hn ]

MIMO Wireless Communications (Rohit Budhiraja, IITK) Channel capacity 5

Maximum rate of kth stream is