WHITE PAPER.

Initiatives in Aviation Procedure

Charles Sander
Vice President, Airport Operations
Unisys Global Transportation

Airports, airlines, passengers, communities and governments

worldwide have felt the effects of the financial decompression of
the aviation sector as a result of terrorist attacks, SARS, and
airline failures. Failing or bankrupt airlines, loss of industry and
support service jobs, even the tourism and entertainment
communities have been hit, contributing to the worlds financial
losses. This paper describes the measures that are being taken to
ensure a secure future for air travel.

c Systems Integration.
c Outsourcing.
c Infrastructure.
c Server Technology.
UNISYS c Consulting.

Imagine it Done . .
CONTENTS.
Introduction. 1

Initiatives. 2
Biometrics systems. 2
Baggage screening. 2
Known shipper and cargo screening. 3
Information technology advances. 3

Conclusion. 5

About the author. 6

INTRODUCTION.
Ever-evolving mandates by governments to improve security are changing the
way that airports look at terminal designs, passenger processing and business
planning to remain sustainable and profitable. Even new aircraft designs are
affected.
With the entry of the Airbus A380, carrying a minimum capacity of 500+
passengers, airports will need to readdress ticketing queues, security queues, hold
room configurations, boarding times, jet way configurations, baggage screening
and delivery systems, and even arrival and departure airport roads. Another
significant financial planning factor for airport management is the consolidation
of air carriers, such as American and TWA and more recently Air France and
KLM, and changes to their business model, such as the rapid growth of the low
cost carrier where airlines want to pay for facility space, services and
infrastructure on a per-use basis versus leasing or owning their own terminal
facilities.
Governments worldwide have committed to creating new agencies and
enacting laws to meet a paradigm shift in threat and vulnerability, one that is
stateless: fractional groups attacking established world states. In reality, on
September 11, 2001, the world was attacked and world transportation was the
method of delivery. In the United States, the Aviation Transportation Security
Act of 2001 was passed. Many countries and industry organizations of the world
had already enacted, or followed with, similar laws, rules or guidelines. These
laws have affected the way that the world airports, airlines, passengers and
shippers must interact if they are to use, or be a part of, the aviation community.
These same laws have also been the catalyst for driving investment, innovation,
and technology development and efficiencies.

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 Biometrics systems.

INITIATIVES. The introduction of biometrics as a means of identification for both passengers

and airport employees has been accelerated. The Airports Council International
(ACI) and International Air Transport Association (IATA) are cooperating on a
Simplifying Passenger Travel initiative that uses biometrics, including iris scan,
facial recognition, hand geometry and fingerprinting, to speed travelers through
border formalities at airports. A pilot project underway at Amsterdams Schiphol
Airport has reportedly cut immigration waiting times to 11 seconds for
passengers on the program. The United States has also initiated a pilot project,
testing travel document readers and kiosks between two international airports in
a similar effort to speed up clearance times without negative impact on security.
Biometric technologies, potentially including fingerprints, retinal scans and
facial recognition, are expected to be part of the technology tested. Also to be
tested are next-generation surveillance cameras that could be used at access
points for secure areas to guard against a second or unauthorized person slipping
into a secure area on the heels of someone with proper credentials.
Biometrics will also play a part in the Transportation Worker Identification
Credential (TWIC) program. Using a form of smart card technology that is
widely accepted in Europe and Asia-Pacific countries, biometric information will
be loaded onto the identification cards of transportation workers to positively
identify individuals who require unescorted physical and logical access to
security areas and the functions of the transportation system. The objective of
this program is to provide one standardized, common credential, supported by a
single integrated and secure network of databases. The TWIC card is also
intended to help unite physical security systems, like building access control
systems, with information technology, enabling the authentication of TWIC
cardholder to client/computing devices (wired or wireless).
Biometric technologies have improved dramatically through funding and
research projects and are emerging as a viable technology to enhance both
security and customer service. The International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) published Standards on Biometrics in May 2003. The adopted standard
is meant to assist the 188 member states in their selection of biometrics
development and deployment.

Baggage screening.
One of the most important aspects of airport security is the way in which
checked baggage is security-screened and handled. The US Aviation
Transportation Security Act of 2001 mandated that all baggage and/or cargo
accepted for carriage on a US commercial passenger aircraft must be 100%
screened by December 2002. ICAOs Aviation Security Panel, which produces
recommended practices and standards for States under Annex 17 of the Chicago
Convention, with its partners IATA and the International Federation of Air Line
Pilots Associations, was instrumental in fast-tracking 17 new security standards
into Annex 17. These entered into force in July 2002. The three most important
of these were the application of Annex 17 to domestic as well as international
flights, a new standard requiring 100% screening of checked bags by 2006, and
aircraft cockpit door hardening, which is coming in a future resolution. It is
also noteworthy that after the Pan American flight 103 bomb explosion over

2 Initiatives in Aviation Procedure

 Lockerbie, Scotland in December 1988, the United Kingdom started developing
in-line baggage screening systems in 1990, with 100% checked baggage screening
implemented countrywide in December 2002.
New technologies and building designs are being developed to reduce the cost
of 100% baggage screening mandates. Baggage screening at airports in the United
States alone involves an estimated one billion checked bags per year and over
150,000 billion pounds of air cargo. The early estimated cost to implement
in-line baggage and explosive detection system screening equipment for
Seattle-Tacoma International Airport was $400 million, including building
modifications, equipment and installation. Bostons Logan International Airport
was estimated at $146 million, and Washington-Dulles International Airport was
$125 million. This is an expensive, but necessary, cost. Research and development
for technology improvements or alternative solutions are important to reduce
the cost of future baggage security screening and many initiatives are underway
around the world.

Known shipper and cargo screening.

The United Kingdom is a leader in known shipper programs, having enacted
laws and implemented programs for vetting shippers in the 1990s. Similar efforts
are ongoing for cargo and container shipments. Operation Safe Commerce
(OSC) and the Transportation Security Administration known shipper programs
are investigating, testing and developing new technologies and alternative
strategies for cargo and container security screening, which for the moment is
usually conducted in different facilities than the baggage security screening at
most airports around the world. A future design strategy might be to consolidate
baggage and cargo security screening in the same location. The ICAO and all
international governments are united in the view that a pre-emptive mode,
incorporating physical security screening, intelligence gathering and timely
distribution, is the only option for thwarting international terrorism.
OSC is a public-private partnership dedicated to enhancing security
throughout international and domestic supply chains while facilitating the
efficient cross-border movement of legitimate commerce. This initiative began
in New England as a local public-private partnership where federal, state and
local law enforcement entities and key private sector entities combined efforts to
create a means to test available technology and procedures in order to develop
secure supply chains. The full container shipment was fitted with onboard
tracking sensors and door seals. It was constantly monitored through the various
transportation modes as it traveled through numerous countries, government
control and inspection functions.

Information technology advances.

Of the numerous assets aviation executives manage, one of the most significant
is information. All travelers rely on timely, accurate, adequate information , so
information delivery is a prime financial strategy tool. Airports need to offer
integrated information delivery. Given the challenges of aviation dynamics and
the plethora of existing discrete systems, the investment in, and leveraging of,
this asset can provide superior customer satisfaction and competitive
advantage. Although the motives for aviation security are not competitively

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 driven, the timely provision of significant information could substantially benefit
enforcement agencies and governments worldwide in efforts to improve security
and combat terrorism.
Many countries and agencies share information, although it is constrained at
times by political sensitivities. However, the disparate technologies deployed
across the world can cause delivery problems. There is no universal protocol.
This phenomenon also exists within some government agencies that have
developed their information technology delivery systems over time. Some
information only exists on legacy systems written in antiquated code or may still
be delivered only in hard copy form. Over the past two years, work has been
underway to standardize disparate technology on modern platforms using cost-
effective industry standard security and data protocols.
In 2004, 22 US enforcement agencies will be integrated into the Department of
Homeland Security (DHS). The Information Technology Managed Services
initiative started in 2002 will provide a singular platform for real-time collection,
storage, management and transaction of data delivery connecting virtually
every commercial airport and DHS facility in the United States and will deliver
convergent information in the form of voice, data and video. The system is
supported by redundant infrastructure and delivery strategies with no single
points of failure to ensure integrity of data and delivery.
Many countries already have such strategies and equipment in place,
which surprises many who imagine that although these systems would be
commonplace for a nations strategic defense agencies, they would be too
expensive for local or regional public enforcement agencies. However, those
that have deployed integrated information systems countrywide know that
terrorism respects no geographic or social boundary.

4 Initiatives in Aviation Procedure

CONCLUSION.
The world has spent billions of dollars on security initiatives to protect the
aviation industry and countries freedom of movement and progress from
terrorism. The power of gathering timely information and its relentless delivery
cannot be overstated in the arsenal of security preparedness. International
standards, agreements and common commitment must be the next investments.
A world community working together against terrorism holds great power;
standing alone renders a nation vulnerable. To paraphrase the recent words of an
ICAO speaker, The terrorist needs to get it right only one time. The aviation
industry needs to get it right every time!

To learn more about Unisys Airport Operations Services,

call your Unisys representative today or contact:
Charles Sander, Vice President, Unisys Airport Operations Practice,
by telephone: +1 540-882-3087 or e-mail: charles.sander@unisys.com

Or visit us on the web at: www.unisys.com/transportation

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 Charles Chuck Sander

ABOUT THE AUTHOR. Vice President, Airport Operations

Unisys Corporation
Chuck Sander was appointed vice president, Airport Operations within the
Unisys Global Transportation industry group and brings more than 34 years of
aviation facilities management planning and implementation, management
consulting, security, and safety systems design experience. Under Sanders
direction, the Unisys Airport Operations practice will expand services and
solutions to meet airport passenger processing needs. More specifically, his
practice will assist airport clients in improving operations, complying with new
legislation and meeting new security requirements. Sander offers strategic
consulting in airport management, accelerated automation and security
enhancements.
Sander has been honored with the Pioneer Award for implementing the first
access control system in a commercial airportat Baltimore/Washington
International. Subsequently, he planned and implemented access control and
security at 34 commercial airports. He began his career at the Maryland
Department of Transportation, State Aviation Division, where he served as
deputy chief of Airport Operations and subsequently served more than 20 years
in increasingly responsible and strategic airport management positions.
Sander comes to Unisys most recently from Scanz Communications, where he
was vice president of Aviation Sales and was involved in all aspects of the
business, including business plan development and pricing. Prior to that, Sander
served as regional director of Tyco/ADT Security Services, Inc. In this role, he
was responsible for implementing and deploying the Q-Control Security
Screening technology at U.S. commercial airports.
Currently, Sander serves on the American Association of Airport Executives
(AAAE) and Airport Consultants Council (ACC) committees for aviation
security, safety and technology, and the RTCA committee for the rewrite of
airport security equipment guidelines. Sander attended the University of
Maryland and Brigham Young University.

6 Initiatives in Aviation Procedure

To learn more about Unisys Airport
Operations Services, call your Unisys
representative today or contact:
Charles Sander, Vice President, Unisys Airport
Operations Practice, by telephone: +1 540-882-3087
or e-mail: charles.sander@unisys.com

Or visit us on the web at:

www.unisys.com/transportation

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

2004 Unisys Corporation

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