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2 JAN1998 (R2010)
Design, Installation and Performance of Underground,
Thermoplastic Irrigation Pipelines
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T ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of
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ANSI/ASAE S376.2 JAN1998 (R2010)
Revision approved January 1998; reaffirmed March 2010 as an American National Standard
Developed by the ASAE Irrigation Water Supply and Conveyance underground thermoplastic PE pipelines 21 to 1600 mm (0.5 to 63 in.)
Committee, approved by the Soil and Water Division Standards nominal diameter with a pressure rating of 1750 kPa (254 psi) or less.
Committee; adopted by ASAE April 1975; reconfirmed December 1979,
February 1981; revised April 1982; reconfirmed December 1986, 2 Normative references
December 1987; approved as an American National Standard June The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in
1988; reconfirmed December 1988, December 1989, December 1990, this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication,
December 1991; reaffirmed October 1992; reaffirmed by ASAE the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision,
December 1992, December 1993, December 1994, December 1995, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to
Decmber 1996; revised January 1998; revision approved by ANSI investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
January 1998; revised editorially December 2000; reaffirmed by ASAE standards indicated below. Standards organizations maintain registers of
February 2003, February 2004; reaffirmed by ANSI March 2004; currently valid standards.
reaffirmed by ASABE January 2010; reaffirmed by ANSI March 2010.
ASTM D1598, Test for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant
Keywords: Irrigation, Pipelines, Thermoplastic, Underground Internal Pressure
ASTM D1599, Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure of Plastic
Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
1 Purpose and scope ASTM D1603, Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin Plastics
1.1 Purpose. Thermoplastic pipe is manufactured in several size ASTM D1784, Specification for Rigid Poly(vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
classifications from different materials of various grades, types and Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds
formulations involving many different specifications. It is used for ASTM D2122, Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic
applications other than irrigation where certain requirements often apply Pipe and Fittings
to pipe used for a specific purpose. This Standard pertains to ASTM D2152, Test Method for Degree of Fusion of Extruded Poly(vinyl
thermoplastic pipe used underground for irrigation and is intended to: Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion
1.1.1 Provide minimum guidelines for engineers and others in planning, ASTM D2239, Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-
designing and specifying thermoplastic pipe commonly used for irrigation. PR), Based on Controlled Inside Diameter
It is not intended as a complete specification nor to replace the judgment ASTM D2241, Specification for Poly(vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure
of personnel familiar with site conditions or other controlling factors. Rated Pipe (SDR Series)
ASTM D2321, Practice for Underground Installation of Flexible
1.1.2 Consolidate applicable reference information and technical data in Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
readily available form. ASTM D2444, Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of
1.1.3 Establish uniform standards for materials used in the manufacture Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight)
of thermoplastic irrigation pipe and to promote uniformity in classifying, ASTM D2466, Specification for Poly(vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
pressure rating, testing and marking the pipe. Fittings, Schedule 40
1.1.4 Establish minimum requirements for the design, installation and ASTM D2467, Specification for Socket-Type Poly(vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
testing of pipelines which are necessary for the satisfactory performance Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
and safe operation of the irrigation system and to prevent damage to the ASTM D2564, Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(vinyl Chloride)
system. (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems
ASTM D2609, Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene
1.2 Scope. This Standard applies to underground, thermoplastic
(PE) Plastic Pipe
pipelines used in the conveyance of irrigation water to the point of
ASTM D2672, Specification for Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent
distribution and may or may not apply to potable water systems.
Cement
1.2.1 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe, standard dimension ratio - ASTM D2774, Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic
pressure rated (SDR-PR). This Standard applies to underground Pressure Piping
thermoplastic PVC (SDR-PR) pipelines 21 to 914 mm (0.5 to 36 in.) ASTM D3035, Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR)
nominal diameter with a pressure rating of 2170 kPa (315 psi) or less. Based on Controlled Outside Diameter
NOTE Nominal pipe size in millimeters is the actual outside pipe ASTM D3139, Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using
diameter to the nearest millimeter for OD controlled pipe and the Flexible Elastomeric Seals
actual inside diameter to the nearest millimeter for ID controlled pipe. ASTM D3261, Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE)
1.2.2 Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic pipe (SDR-PR). Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing
This Standard applies to underground thermoplastic CPVC (SDR-PR) ASTM D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings Materials
pipelines 21 to 394 mm (0.5 to 12 in.) nominal diameter with a pressure ASTM F402, Recommended Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent
rating of 2170 kPa (315 psi) or less. Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe
and Fittings
1.2.3 Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic pipe (SDR-PR), ASTM F437, Specification for Threaded Chlorinated Poly(vinyl Chloride)
schedule 40 or 80. This Standard applies to underground thermoplastic (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
CPVC (schedule 40 or 80) pipelines 21 to 394 mm (0.5 to 12 in.) nominal ASTM F438, Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly(vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
diameter with pressures ratings determined in accordance with ASTM Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40
F441, schedules 40 and 80. ASTM F439, Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly(vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
1.2.4 Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe, (SDR-PR). This standard applies to Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
PVC 1120 PVC 2116 PVC 2112 PVC 2110 PE 3408 PE 3406 PE 2305
PVC 1220 PE 3306
SDR (or DR)3) PVC 2120 PE 2306
OD based ID based
pipe pipe kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi
4.3 Friction losses. For design purposes, friction head losses shall be 4.4 Flow velocity. The design water velocity in a pipeline when
no less than those computed by the Hazen-Williams equation using a operating at system capacity should not exceed 1.5 m/s (5 ft/s) unless
coefficient (C) equal to 150. special considerations are given to the control of surge or water hammer
Table 2 Maximum allowable pressure for nonthreaded thermoplastic pipes when surge pressures are not known1), 2)
PVC 1120 PVC 2116 PVC 2112 PVC 2110 PE 3408 PE 3406 PE 2305
PVC 1220 PE 3306
SDR (or DR) PVC 2120 PE 2306
OD based ID based
pipe pipe kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi kPa psi
Standard Hydrostatic
ASTM code Type, code design stress2)
Compound classification grade designation1) psi mPa
and adequate protection from these pressures is provided (see clause shall be designed to close, without slamming shut, at the point of zero
5.1.1 and table 4). Adequate pressure and/or air relief valves shall be velocity before damaging reversal of flow can occur.
used with all velocities. 4.7 Pressure relief valves. These shall be installed between the pump
4.5 Outlets. Outlets shall have adequate capacity at the pipeline discharge and the pipeline when excessive pressures can develop by
working pressure to deliver the design flow to the distribution system at operating with all valves closed. Pressure relief valves or surge
the design operating pressure of the respective systems, i.e., sprinklers, chambers shall be installed on the discharge side of the check valve
surface pipe, emitters, tricklers, etc. where back flow may occur and at the end of the pipeline when needed
4.6 Check valves. A check valve shall be installed between the pump to relieve surge.
discharge and the pipeline where detrimental back flow may occur. It
Pipe SDR (or DR) Surge pressure1) per 0.3 m/s (1 ft/s) of sudden change in flow velocity
OD ID For pipe material of 2800 mPa For pipe material of 2100 mPa For pipe material of 700 mPa
Based Based (400,000 psi) modulus (300,000 psi) modulus (100,000 psi) modulus
(includes most PVC) (includes most PE)
200 8 219.08 8.625 IPS 3.430.51 5.330.64 6.730.81 8.431.02 10.411.24 12.901.55 16.231.95 19.942.41
(0.1350.020) (0.2100.025) (0.2650.032) (0.3320.040) (0.4100.049) (0.5080.061) (0.6390.077) (0.7850.095)
207.00 8.160 PIP 2.030.51 2.210.51 2.570.51 4.060.51 5.050.61
(0.0800.020) (0.0870.020) (0.1010.020) (0.1600.020) (0.1990.024)
250 10 273.05 10.750 IPS 4.270.51 6.650.79 8.411.02 10.491.27 12.981.55 16.051.93 20.242.44 24.842.99
(0.1680.020) (0.2620.031) (0.3310.040) (0.4130.050) (0.5110.061) (0.6320.076) (0.7970.096) (0.9780.118)
259.00 10.200 PIP 2.540.51 2.770.51 3.200.51 5.080.61 6.320.76
(0.1000.020) (0.1090.020) (0.1260.020) (0.2000.024) (0.2400.030)
300 12 323.85 12.750 IPS 5.050.61 7.900.94 9.961.19 12.451.50 15.391.85 19.052.29 24.002.29 29.463.58
(0.1990.024) (0.3110.037) (0.3920.047) (0.4900.059) (0.6060.073) (0.7500.090) (0.9450.114) (1.1600.140)
311.00 12.240 PIP 3.050.51 3.330.51 3.840.51 6.100.74 7.590.91
(0.1200.020) (0.1310.020) (0.1510.020) (0.2400.029) (0.2990.036)
350 14 355.60 14.000 IPS 8.661.22 10.921.32 13.671.63 16.922.03 20.902.51
(0.3410.048) (0.4300.052) (0.5380.064) (0.6660.080) (0.8230.099)
380 15 388.62 15.300 PIP 3.810.51 4.170.51 4.800.58 7.621.07 9.471.32 11.101.32 11.961.42 14.941.78 18.492.21
(0.1500.020) (0.1640.020) (0.1890.023) (0.3000.042) (0.3730.052) (0.4370.052) (0.4710.056) (0.5880.070) (0.7280.087)
400 16 406.40 16.000 IPS 9.911.40 12.501.5 15.621.87 19.352.31 23.902.87
(0.3900.055) (0.4920.059) (0.6150.074) (0.7620.091) (0.9410.113)
450 18 457.20 18.000 IPS 5.000.61 5.770.69 9.141.09 11.151.55 14.071.68 17.582.11 21.772.62 26.903.23
(0.1970.024) (0.2270.027) (0.3600.043) (0.4390.061) (0.5540.066) (0.6920.083) (0.8570.103) (1.0590.127)
475.00 18.701 PIP 5.080.61 5.870.71 9.301.30 11.581.63 13.561.63 14.611.75 18.262.18
(0.2000.024) (0.2310.028) (0.3660.051) (0.4560.064) (0.5340.064) (0.5750.069) (0.7190.086)
500 20 508.00 20.000 IPS 5.540.66 6.400.76 10.161.22 12.401.73 15.621.88 19.532.34 24.182.90 29.873.58
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Table 7 Wall thickness and tolerance, in mm (in.), for PE pipe: ID controlled
Nominal pipe
size
5.2.2 Vibration control. Construction shall ensure that the vibration 5.5.3.4 Immediately downstream of any stand if the downward velocity in
from the pump discharge is not transmitted to the stand. Vibration control the stands exceeds 0.6 m/s (2 ft/s).
also applies to low pressure pipelines not open to the atmosphere when 5.6 Air-vacuum release valves
pump stands are used.
5.6.1 An air-vacuum release valve may be used in lieu of an open vent,
5.3 Sand traps. Sand traps, when combined with a stand, shall have a but either a vent or an air-vacuum release valve shall be provided at
minimum inside dimension of 762 mm (30 in.) and shall be constructed each of the locations listed in clause 5.5.3.
so that the bottom is at least 610 mm (24 in.) below the invert of the
outlet pipeline. The downward velocity of flow of the water in a sand trap 5.6.2 Air-vacuum release valve outlets shall have a 51 mm (2 in.)
shall not exceed 0.08 m/s (0.25 ft/s). Suitable provision for cleaning sand minimum diameter. The valves shall be used as follows:
traps shall be provided. Pipe diameter, mm (in.) Minimum air-vacuum release valve
5.4 Gate stands and float valve stands outlet diameter, mm (in.)
152 (6) or less 51 (2)
5.4.1 Gate stands. Gate stands shall be of sufficient dimension to
178254 (710) 76 (3)
accommodate the gate or gates, and shall be large enough to make the
gates accessible for repair. 305 (12) or larger 102 (4)
5.4.2 Float valve stands. Float valve stands shall be large enough to
provide accessibility for maintenance and to dampen surge.
NOTE Air-vacuum release valves shall not replace the open stand
5.5 Vent requirements. Vents shall be designed into the system to required in clause 5.1.
provide for the removal of air and protection from surge.
5.5.1 Vents shall have a minimum freeboard of 0.3 m (1 ft) above the
hydraulic gradeline. The maximum height of the vent above the
centerline of the pipeline must not exceed the working pressure of clause
6 Pipe materials
4.1.1. 6.1 Compounds. This Standard covers pipe made from the compounds
that are listed and identified in this clause by code classification and that
5.5.2 Vents shall have a cross-clauseal area of at least one-half the
are further defined and identified by hydrostatic design stress rating. The
cross-clauseal area of the pipeline (both inside measurements) for a
respective pipe compound shall have an established long term
distance of at least one pipeline diameter up from the centerline of the
hydrostatic design stress rating as given in table 3 when tested in
pipeline. Above this elevation the vent may be reduced to 51 mm (2 in.)
accordance with clause 6.1.1. The compound shall meet the short term
in diameter.
test requirement denoted by its code classification and defined in the
5.5.3 Vents shall be located as follows: relevant ASTM standards referenced in clause 6.2.
5.5.3.1 At the downstream end of each lateral. 6.1.1 Sustained pressure. The pipe shall not tail, balloon, burst, or
5.5.3.2 At all summits of the line. weep as defined in ASTM D1598. The pipe shall be treated in
5.5.3.3 At points where there are changes in grade of more than 10 accordance with the following clause of the applicable ASTM:
(18%) in a downward direction of flow.
mm in. mm in.
15 1/2 21.34 0.840 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.930.51 2.290.51 2.360.51 3.050.51
(0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0760.020) (0.0900.020) (0.0930.020) (0.1200.020)
20 3/4 26.7 1.050 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.790.51 1.980.51 2.410.51 2.870.51 2.970.51 3.810.51
(0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0680.020) (0.0780.020) (0.0950.020) (0.1130.020) (0.1170.020) (0.1500.020)
25 1 33.4 1.315 1.570.51 1.570.51 1.600.51 1.960.51 2.130.51 2.460.51 3.050.51 3.580.51 3.710.51 4.780.58
(0.0620.020) (0.0620.020) (0.0630.020) (0.0770.020) (0.0840.020) (0.0970.020) (0.1200.020) (0.1410.020) (0.1480.020) (0.1880.023)
30 1 1/4 42.2 1.660 1.570.51 1.630.51 2.010.51 2.490.51 2.720.51 3.120.51 3.840.51 4.520.53 4.670.56 6.020.71
(0.0620.020) (0.0640.020) (0.0790.020) (0.0980.020) (0.1070.020) (0.1230.020) (0.1510.020) (0.1780.021) (0.1840.022) (0.2370.028)
40 1 1/2 48.3 1.900 1.570.51 1.850.51 2.290.51 1.840.51 3.120.51 3.580.51 4.390.53 5.180.81 5.360.64 6.880.84
(0.0620.020) (0.0730.020) (0.0900.020) (0.1120.020) (0.1230.020) (0.1410.020) (0.1730.021) (0.2040.024) (0.2110.025) (0.3710.033
50 2 60.3 2.375 1.850.51 2.310.51 2.870.51 3.560.51 3.890.51 4.470.53 5.490.68 6.480.79 6.710.81 8.611.04
(0.0730.020) (0.0910.020) (0.1130.020) (0.1400.020) (0.1530.020) (0.1760.021) (0.2160.026) (0.2550.031) (0.2840.032) (0.3390.041)
80 3 88.9 3.500 2.740.51 3.490.51 4.240.51 5.290.64 5.740.69 6.580.78 8.080.97 9.551.14 9.881.19 12.701.52
(0.1080.020) (0.1350.020) (0.1670.020) (0.2060.025) (0.2260.027) (0.2590.031) (0.3180.038) (0.3760.045) (0.3890.047) (0.5000.60)
100 4 114.3 4.500 3.510.51 4.390.53 5.440.85 6.790.81 7.370.89 8.461.02 10.391.24 12.291.47 12.701.52 16.391.96
(0.1380.020) (0.1790.021) (0.2140.026) (0.2650.032) (0.2900.035) (0.3330.040) (0.4090.049) (0.4840.058) (0.5000.060) (0.6430.077)
125 5 141.3 5.563 4.340.53 5.440.66 6.730.81 8.310.99 9.121.09 10.461.24 12.851.55 15.191.83 15.701.88 20.192.41
(0.1710.021) (0.2140.026) (0.2650.032) (0.3270.039) (0.3590.043) (0.4120.049) (0.5060.061) (0.5980.072) (0.6180.074) (0.7950.095)
150 6 168.3 6.625 5.180.61 6.480.79 8.000.97 9.911.19 10.851.30 12.471.50 15.291.83 18.082.16 18.692.24 24.092.90
(0.2040.024) (0.2550.031) (0.3150.038) (0.3900.047) (0.4270.051) (0.4910.059) (0.6020.072) (0.7120.085) (0.7360.088) (0.9460.144)
200 8 219.1 8.625 6.730.81 8.431.02 10.441.24 12.881.55 14.121.70 16.231.96 19.912.39 23.552.82 24.332.92 31.293.73
(0.2650.032) (0.3320.040) (0.4110.049) (0.5070.061) (0.5560.067) (0.6390.077) (0.7840.094) (0.9270.111) (0.9580.115) (1.2320.147)
250 10 273.1 10.750 8.411.02 10.491.27 13.000.061 16.051.93 17.632.11 20.222.44 24.822.97 29.363.53 30.333.63 39.014.67
Nominal pipe size 50 ft. head DR 93.4 SDR 81 SDR 64 SDR 51 SDR 41 SDR 32.5 SDR 26 SDR 21 SDR 17 SDR 13.5
in. mm Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf Nm ftlbf
1/2 21 IPS 35 25
3/4 27 IPS 50 36 50 36
1 33 IPS 50 38 50 38 50 38
1 1/4 42 IPS 70 50 70 50 70 50 70 50
1/2 48 IPS 70 50 70 50 70 50 70 50 70 50
2 60 IPS 85 63 85 63 85 63 85 63 85 63
2 1/2 73 IPS 85 63 85 63 85 63 85 63 85 63
3 89 IPS 100 75 100 75 100 75 100 75 100 75
3 1/2 102 IPS 100 75 100 75 100 75 100 75 100 75
4 114 IPS 70 50 110 80 135 100 135 100 135 100 135 100
105 PIP 40 30 40 30 95 70 95 70
5 141 IPS 120 90 150 110 150 110 150 110 150 110
6 168 IPS 80 60 135 100 165 120 165 120 165 120 165 120
PIP 40 30 40 30 40 30 110 80 110 80
Annex A Seipt, W.R. 1974. Water hammer considerations for PVC pipeline in
(informative) irrigation systems. Transactions of the ASAE 17(3): 417423.
Bibliography
The following documents are cited as reference sources used in
development of this Engineering Practice:
mm in. N lbf
38 1.5 23 5
51 2 35 8
64 2.5 52 12
76 3 76 17
89 3.5 100 22
102 4 126 28
127 5 192 43
152 6 271 61
205 8 458 103
254 10 712 160
305 12 1001 225