Protozoology

INTRODUCTION

Isna Indrawati
Department of Parasitology
 PROTOZOA
Unicellular animal with full functions and
carry out complex metabolic activities.
relatively complex internal structure
Most species are free living
Total species > 50,000 and parasitic:
about 10,000
 Some species are considered
commensals , some are pathogen
Protozoan diseases range from very mild
to life-threatening
depend on :
the species and strain of the parasite
the resistance of the host.
 Classification
Class Rhizopoda
Ciliata
Mastigophora / Flagellata
Sporozoa
 Morphology
Vary in size and shape
parasitic protozoa in humans are <
50 m in size.
intracellular forms : are 1 - 10
m long
Balantidium coli may measure
70 m (extracellular)
 Life Cycle Stages
1. Trophozoites / vegetative / proliferative.
Active,
feeding and multiply
Relative thin wall/ cell membrane
2. Cysts :
stages with a thickened wall
Not active
protective stages resistant to bad
environment
 Morphology
Ectoplasm
Cytoplasm
Endoplasm

Nucleus : 1 or > 1
: vesicular / compact
 Morphology
plasma / cell membrane enclosing the
cytoplasm
Ectoplasm: the outer and transparent
layer
Endoplasm : the inner layer containing
organelles, such as Golgi apparatus,
mitochondria, lysosomes, food vacuoles,
contractile vacuoles
 Morphology

Nucleoplasma

endoplasma ektoplasma
 Several types of nucleus
achromatic fibrils

Chromatin granule Nuclear membrane

 Some protozoa have a cytosome or
cell mouth for ingesting and
cytopyge for excretion
Locomotive organelle
Pseudopodium, flagellum, cilia,
undulating membrane
In flagellata : a kinetoplast
associated with the flagellum.
 Reproduction

Binaryfission
Asexual Schizogony
Cyst

Sporogony
Sexual ( after gametogony)
syngamy
 Sexual reproduction
Conjugation: exchange of nuclear materials
of 2 cells

Sporogony ( after Gametogony) : sexually

differentiated cells unit zygote
 Reproduction
Binary fission : results in 2 daughter cells

simple,

longitudinal transversal
 Binary fission
Endodyogeny: by internal budding results in 2
cells, e.g. : Toxoplasma
Schizogony: multiple fission, results in
multiple cells

Source :www.sciencedirect.com
Multiple fission: Cyst
Sexual reproduction

Syngamy / conyugation

exchange of nuclear
materials of 2 cells
 Sexual : Sporogony ( After Gametogony)

Gamogony
Sporogony : ordo Coccidia

Source:biology.unm.edu
 Transmission
Cyst / oocyst
Vegetative / trophozoite

Method of transmission
Contaminated food and water
Sexual intercourse
Parentral
Sucking blood vector
 Pathology and Clinical symptom
Depending on :
Organ that was infected
Life cycle and reproduction methods of species
Enzymes/ toxin produced by the protozoa
Progress of the disease
 Diagnosis
Usually diagnosed from samples of
feces, blood, liquor cerebro-spinalis, and
tissue
Indirect identification:
Serology
radiology
Thank You