1617- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-g guidelines

Guidelines First Top ten Questions

1. a) Student counts the number of inhalations per unit time

b) Girl 1

c) Breathing rate in boys is higher than girls, before and after jogging; jogging
increases breathing rate

d) More energy is required during exercise, more O2 needed for increased rate of
respiration in muscles, so rate of breathing increases to supply more O2 and
remove CO2.

2. 1- Have cell walls go to 2

Dont have cell walls go to 3
2- Cell wall made of chitin go to 4
Cell wall made of peptidoglycans go to 3
3- Have a circular DNA go to 4
Have DNA or RNA Viruses
4- Nucleus present Fungi
Nucleus absent Bacteria

3. i) Oxygen ; introduce a glowing splint

Addition of pyrogallol ;
ii) Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O Light/ chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2
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iii) 10 cm
10 2 = 5 cm3/hr
iv) Design experiment:
1. Method for setting up different light intensities; different distances away from
light bulb
2. Describe how to control a factor that may alter rate over a certain time
(temperature heat shield; carbon dioxide by adding hydrogen carbonate)

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1617- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-g guidelines

3. Additional feature of design (same time period for comparison of results /

eliminate background light, carry out investigation in a darkened room /
replicates / repetition / same piece of pondweed / recovery time between sets of
measurements)
v) - The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air;
CO2 must be available to combine with the hydrogen atoms produced in the light
reaction
- The availability of water;
Water must be available to provide the free hydrogen atoms necessary for the dark
reaction.
- The temperature
Temperature might affect enzyme activity in the dark reaction.
vi) A limiting factor is something present in the environment in such short supply that it
restricts and prevents the rate of photosynthesis from increasing.
When light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until a certain
point where giving the plant more light has no effect. At this point, the concentration
of CO2 (most probably) or the availability of water or the temperature acts as a
limiting factor. We can check this by giving the plant more CO2 (or more water or
higher temperature); if the plant increases its rate of photosynthesis, then CO2 is a
limiting factor (or water or temperature).
4. a) 1. the body recognises transplanted skin as, foreign / different / harmful ;
2. the immune system responds by attacking the foreign cells
3. white cells / named white cells, migrate to transplanted skin and attach to, foreign /
transplanted, cells / tissue
4. the foreign / transplanted, cells, killed / destroyed / AW
b) it provides a means of protecting body from, foreign organism / disease / pathogen /
parasites.
c) - the body is unable to fight other infections
- the body is more prone to developing, cancer / tumours

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1617- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-g guidelines

5. a) The treatment of apple with pectinase will give a great yield of juice.
b) - Place both beakers in a water bath set at 40C to increase the activity rate
- Cut the apple into smaller pieces to increase the surface area
- increase quantity of apple
c) Place beaker A in a water bath set at 60C to denature pectinase.
Collect filtrate in 15 minutes.

6. a) i) Capillary drawn as double line + with correct links to artery and vein
ii) liver ; hepatic portal vein
b) i) Glucose ;
Amino acids;
Minerals ;
Vitamins ; (not vitamin A or D)
Carbon dioxide;
Water;
ii) Oxygen
c) Presence of microvilli;
one cell thick (not thin cell wall)
Large surface area ;
Presence of mitochondria in cells for high respiration rate / ref. to active transport
d) i) Lacteal;
ii) it is responsible for the absorption of fatty acids, glycerol, fat/fat droplets /
fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A and D.
These substances are absorbed into the lymph.

e) table with suitable headings

arteries veins
ii. carry blood from heart carry blood to heart
iii. carry oxygenated blood except carry deoxygenated blood except
pulmonary artery pulmonary vein
iv. thick (muscle) wall thin (muscle) wall

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1617- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-g guidelines

v. thick later of elastic (fibres) thin layer of elastic fibres

vi. narrower lumen wider lumen
vii. no valves valves present
viii. carry blood at high pressure / carry blood at low pressure /
blood in pulses blood not in pulses

7. a) Pupil drawn smaller in the diagram before the light went off;
Iris in both diagrams has the same diameter;
b) pupils got bigger when the light went off. This is due to:
the contraction of radial muscles of the iris and to the relaxation of circular muscles.
c) rods which are sensitive to low light intensities, detect black and white images, unlike
cones which detect colours and need high light intensities to trigger them.

8. a) kidney rejection ; production of anti B-antibodies by lymphocytes ; anti B-antibodies

attach to blood vessels since they carry blood group antigens
b) Cornea as no blood vessels ; therefore no lymphocytes ; no antibodies attacking
antigens

9. 1. nitrogen fixing bacteria / action of lightning

2. convert nitrogen to ammonia or nitrate / nitrogen compound (not nitrite)
3. nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium ions into nitrates (nitrification)
4. nitrate is absorbed into plant roots;
5. by diffusion / active uptake /
6. and moves up xylem;
7. nitrate is used to make plant protein;
8. plant is eaten by herbivores;
9. protein is digested / broken down;
10. by protease or named enzyme;
11. amino acids are produced;

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1617- O Level Biology 1st Top 10 Questions-g guidelines

12. and transported in bloodstream to muscle;

13. amino acids used to make muscle protein
14. herbivores die; decayed by decomposers
15. amino acids converted into ammonia or nitrates
16. denitrifying bacteria turn ammonia and nitrates back to nitrogen gas

10. a. continuous variation ; no distinct phenotype ; intermediate phenotypes exist

b. Warblers body mass

c. i) 67-68 mm ; most birds trapped / oldest birds trapped with identified wing
length. Compare data for age and numbers trapped

ii) Number of times each bird is trapped ; test which birds are best at catching
food; length of life ; marsh warblers are found in many other locations

d. Natural selection: birds with wing length 67 mm live longer, reproduce and pass
on their alleles for wing length to their offspring ; Birds with larger or smaller
wing lengths do not reproduce / die.