MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 1

How can music influence a Teenage Social Environment?

Montrease Cottle

Global Studies and World Languages academy at Tallwood High School

Music is always a commentary on society.

Frank Zappa
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 2

Abstract
The essay will explore the concept of social environments often including an element of

music and being impacted through the involvement of music. This essay will continue on to

investigate the effects on teenagers of an everyday social environment including music versus an

environment with no music. Common everyday settings for adolescents include school, home,

and friend groups. The essay will also discuss the concept of a "musical environment", what it

means to create a musical environment, and music's influence on a casual and formal

environment. With a silent environment (no music) as a baseline, this essay seeks to see what

changes music induces on any social environment an adolescent may experience.

MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 3

Table of Contents

Abstract ...........................................................................................................2

Introduction ......................................................................................................4

Main Body.........................................................................................................6

Conclusion ........................................................................................................11

Literature Review .............................................................................................12

Limitations of Study..........................................................................................15

Annotated Bibliography....................................................................................16

Citations ...........................................................................................................17
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 4

Introduction

Many different things go into making a social environment; from the people to the

setting, the atmosphere, the surroundings; however, the overlying factor is music. The foundation

of every social environment is music. On average, American youth listen to music and watch

music videos four to five hours a day, which is more time than they spend with their friends

outside of school or watching television. "Music matters to adolescents, and they cannot be

understood without a serious consideration of how it fits into their lives," (O'Toole, 1997) Not

only does it bring a group together, it sets up and plays off some very basic instincts we as

humans have. For example, it is quite instinctive that one may tap their toe to the beat of a song

playing, even faintly, in the background.

Music also affects our natural responses to social circumstances. It has been proven that

melodies with faster rhythms can accelerate one's heart rate. This racing of the heart can feel

very much like excitement or anxiety. Either of those emotional states leads an individual to

interact differently in social settings (whether more joyfully and eagerly or irritably and

skeptically). Marketing firms have a solid grasp on this concept and have a great understanding

that music has a transcendent power when added to a social setting and should not be categorized

as simply background noise or filler sounds.

By visiting venues that youth often gather, one will be able to hear music playing (often

loudly) representative of the group being targeted. At skating rinks, sporting events, arcades, and

stores selling merchandise targeted towards teenagers, popular (pop) music and rap are the main

genres featured on the overhead speakers to set the atmosphere. In more alternative stores like

Spencers and Hot Topic, the playlist will feature more popular and punk rock musical selections

to cater to that demographic of teenagers. Music provides a sense of relatability between teens

and their peers. In the movie, Hairspray (2007), two friends, Penny and Tracy, both enjoyed a
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 5

famous teenage dancing show, The Corny Collins Show. They ran home from school every day

to watch the show and sing along to the popular songs they both enjoyed. Because of the musical

experience the show provided, these two friends were able to bond and build memories every

day. Popular shows today that are similar in nature are TRL (Total Request Live, on MTV) and

106 & Park (on BET), and according to their ratings and the shows' longevity, many teenagers

are sharing similar experiences as the one's Penny and Tracy used to bond. If you tune in on any

given day, you see the audiences of those shows full of adolescents cheering with peers and

friends.

Lastly, music is a source of entertainment, and as social beings, humans bond over

experiences of leisure and entertainment. During the awkward stage of adolescence, rife with

insecurity and change, having an objective entity like music to discuss provides a focus off of

ones self. Getting the focus off of ones self is often the goal in social settings for teenagers.

When one is entertained by music, their thoughts are less likely to be delving into self-doubt,

anxiety, and fear. During the moments of enjoying entertainment, an individuals inhibitions are

lowered. For adolescents, this means they may work up the nerve to initiate a conversation with a

stranger or distant acquaintance. Noticing that someone of the opposite sex is humming the same

song as you may provide you with courage and a natural segue to converse with him/her.

However, an environment that is silent leaves one alone with their thoughts and little material

with which to start a conversation. What would a silent skating rink be like? Would the mall be

as popular a choice for a weekend hang-out if there was no upbeat music? What about school

dances? Would a high-school social or mixer with very low to non-existent music draw as

big of a crowd? This paper seeks to relay the social impact of the presence of music in social

settings for adolescents versus the absence of music.

 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 6

Main Body

An environment has both physical and social aspects. However, out of the two, only

social aspects are affected by music in a countable and measurable way. There are many

definitions of a social environment. One states, it "refers to the immediate physical and social

setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops. It includes the culture

that the individual was educated or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they

interact." ("Social environment", 2016) Another implies, "the social environment consists of the

sum total of a society's beliefs, customs, practices, and behaviors. It is, to a large extent, an

artificial construct that can be contrasted with the natural environment in which we live."

(Grimsley, "How The Social Environment Affects Business") Social environments are essential

and the key to surviving and thriving in our natural and physical environments; they shape how

we think, act, and feel. Music can be used to swing humans and/or societies and environments

either in a positive or negative direction. Music influences attention and movement in people. In

the movie, Hairspray (2007), The Corny Collins Show came on every day at 3 pm and all of the

teens in the movie knew, judging by the fact there was always a big group of fanatic teenage girls

crowded outside the studio. Working in musical groups promotes respect and trust, and also

allows adolescents to develop a sense of self-identity. Their self-identity comes from the social

environment they lean on for support, which is a direct result of their social relationships.

Without them, much of the self-identity we have would not exist. Relationships and groups

reflect one's self. In the movie, Grease 2 (1982), the T-Birds bonded and thrived off their biking

gang. They entered the talent show as a group and were overjoyed when they made the audition

cuts. Throughout the movie, whenever the leader of their group, Johnny, said something the other

three boys would agree or reiterate what was said. Their identity as the cool guys in high school

that all the girls swooned over was based on their likeness and closeness.
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 7

A peer group is a social group whose members have common interests, social positions, and

age. ("Peer Groups", 2016) Music makes teens relatable to peers and makes finding a peer group

easier. Adolescents' social environment is mostly their peer groups because they are around peers

more than their family. Exclusion and bullying are very prominent in cliques, but music allows

teenagers to communicate and find common ground. People may not want to associate with

people that differ in tastes in music because they'll argue about what they think is better.

Individuals with similar tastes in music get along more than someone with different taste.

(Mariam S.) Friends have similar interests; this is proven over and over by simply observing

teens in their secondary natural social environment, school. If a teen girl is new to high school,

straight from middle school, on the first day of school in the lunchroom, what kind of people will

she look for? Human's natural instinct is to look for aspects of their environment reflecting who

they are and what they believe. If the teen is into Hailee Steinfeld, a popular pop singer among

young teen girls, and she sees two tables: the first, with two teen girls looking similar to her age

but they appear to be talking about the new Selena Gomez song, and the second, there are three

girls again similar-looking in age who are singing from the top of their lungs the new Hailee

Steinfeld song, Starving. The choice is an obvious and easy one. She will pick the group in

which she can relate and get along with. "Though some would look at music as a small footnote

in the progression of humanity, it is, in fact, a much greater force; for some, it defines their very

existence." (Andrew M, "Effects of Music on Society")

Genre is not a factor when one needs to focus, different types of genres bring comfort and

clarity to different types of teenagers and adults as well. (Run on sentence) It is all a matter of

opinion and personal preference. Even though music can be unifying, and its effects are quite

similar to everyone's brains, why do some people prefer Nirvana's rock music over Tchaikovsky's

classical melodies? This is where music becomes linked to emotions, a gray area of research that
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 8

has intrigued the neurologist Oliver Sacks. In his research, Sacks used himself as an example of

how different types of music activate the brain at varying intensities. Sacks, who has loved the

composer Bach since he was 5 years old, allowed his brain to be scanned while listening to a

new, obscure Bach piece as well as a Beethoven piece. He tracked how the music made him feel

his welling of emotions with a handheld device that allowed him to rate his emotions on a

scale. After the test, Sacks said the Bach piece was beautiful for him, but Beethoven left him

flat. Amazingly, the brain scans correlated with Sacks emotions: His brain was far more

aroused during the Bach piece than the Beethoven piece. (Bushak & Lecia, 2014) Some may

prefer songs with lyrics rather than instrumentals or melodies; however, others who prefer

classical music for relaxation and focus would frown upon the other group. Teens are known for

being interested in pop culture, usually found listening to pop music or the latest trending artists

of the week, month, or day. However, they could just as easily listen to Jazz, classical, or the

blues when doing homework.

Doing homework can be mentally taxing. Music can make the experience bearable. There have

been studies done by universities such as The University of Wales that show that listening to

music while studying can improve memory, attention and your ability to do mental math, as well

as lessen depression and anxiety. (Abercrumbie, 2016) Math, in general, is typically a problem

area for many adolescents. Teens feel they cannot do homework; especially math homework,

without playing music. If unable to play music, they may sing. Depending on the song, and

persistence to focus, homework can be done in the half time it would take if did it in silence.

Music is loved by many if not all teens, some could not survive the day without a tune or two.

No matter where adolescents are, their phone is never far. Music has become the social norm

within high schools and classrooms. Teens are usually found with their phone in their hand or on

them, and headphones in their ears or around their neck. Teachers use songs as methods of
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 9

memorization and phones and headphones are now permitted in lunchrooms. Before permitted,

teens still had their devices, even with the risk of having their phones confiscated. The benefits

seem to outweigh the risks to teens. Not much keeps adolescents from their music.

Lastly, music is entertaining. Music is always present at teen hangouts. If there is ever

such a hangout without music, teens do not stick around long, music makes the atmosphere.

Many teens believe hangouts are not actual hangouts without music. When there is an awkward

silence, music fills it. When there is nothing left to say, music is there. When the party or hangout

is dull, music steps in and gets people moving. Music is to teens what coffee is to night owls in

the morning. The reason that music is so appealing to a lot of people is because there are so

many different styles and genres it is very hard to not like some of them. Music can be played

pretty much anywhere, anytime with friends, family and by yourself. It is a great way to relax

and brings happiness and meaning to life. ("Why is Music entertaining?", 2012)

One specific example of a musical environment in a social setting outside of teenagers is the fan

frenzy towards Franz Liszt. Lisztomania, or Liszt Fever, is the hysterical, frantic reaction to Liszt

and his concerts. His playing was said to give the audience a certain level of ecstasy, which

resulted in fans acting out of the normal. Admirers of Liszt would swarm over him, fighting over

his handkerchiefs and gloves. Fans would wear his portrait on brooches and cameos. Women

would try to get locks of his hair, and whenever he broke a piano string, admirers would try to

obtain it in order to make a bracelet. Some female admirers would even carry glass vials into

which they poured his coffee dregs. (Wikipedia, "Lisztomania", 2016) Franz Liszt specialized in

the genre of romanticism, which was a reaction against the excessive rationalism of the

Enlightenment. It was also influenced by the theory of evolution and uniformitarianism, which

argued that "the past is the key to the present." Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual

movement. It stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing emphasis on

 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 10

such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of

nature. (New World Encyclopedia, 2015) Liszts followers and admirers were willing to do

senseless things all in the name of music. The influence and power of Liszts music and lyrics

empowered the crowd to act out of their comfort zones. Nowadays, this kind of behavior is

common, one would not be surprised to see a bunch of teens going crazy and obsessive over a

famous singer; however, back in those times, there were ladies and gentlemen. It was not the

social norm to act like a crazy, fanatic fan. This goes to prove the significance the role music has

continuously shown and exhibited in not only our modern era but in the past as well.

Imagine the world without music no concerts to attend, no singing or whistling, no tapes or

CDs, no music in movies, no marching bands, no dancing, no hymns, and no organ at baseball

games! Without music, our world would certainly be a bleak place. (Bell, "Music in your

Environment: Shaping Mind, Body, and Mood") There would be an inexplicable absence, one

that could not be explained. Even present in the background, the effect of music is felt. Imagine

if there were no songs or hymns ever made. What would the slaves have used to plan their

escapes in the Underground Railroad? What would Mozart and Beethoven have made a

profession out of? What would ladies and gentlemen who regularly attended the opera do with

their time? These questions seem silly, yes, but are logical. There would be a hole in the

continuum of our history. Children movies would not be the same, watching Mulan, would be

rather confusing. There would not be such a strong emphasis on her going to war in place of her

father. Musicals would surely not have the same excitement. These are small effects in theory,

but they lead to larger and more impactful effects. Art departments at schools would not have the

same funding or emphasis. When one thinks of the art department, their mind instinctively

flashes toward music. The Governors School for the Arts would have to change their focus on

finding exceptional musical artists, there would be none.

 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 11

Conclusion

Adolescents social settings are affected by music because it allows them to relate, grow,

and expand in their social settings. Whereas settings without music are not necessarily

inadequate, just affects adolescents differently. They do not stimulate growth and brain activity

the same. Music has been said to enhance our learning experiences. The proof is indeed in the

pudding; music makes life better. Whether in education, social settings, or personal situations,

music definitely leaves an imprint on the human race.

It is undeniable, but looking more closely than just the race as a whole, but at

adolescents. Music is heavily influenced upon them and they accept it willingly, it becomes a

part of them; who they are. Hence why adolescents connect through music, their preferences

reflect who they are. Knowing this, it makes sense that their social settings include music, even if

in the smallest bit. It would be unusual to meet an adolescent that did not like music. The

different genres allow for more room to express ones self easily and remain unique from

others. No one is truly unique, we all possess qualities similar to each other, and we just use them

in different ways making us stand out more against the crowd.

 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 12

Literature Review

This is an analysis on the effectiveness and the results of music as regarded in an

adolescents social environment while examining the different in music versus no music.

Outline of social environments

(Mundra, 2015) is a breakdown and in-depth view of what a social environment entails. "True it

is that man lives in particular geographical conditions and that he has for his society a definite

pattern of economic activities; yet social man is as much the product of his social environment as

he is of physical surroundings and economic conditions." It then goes on to discuss the kind of

social environment man lives in and how to it equates to man's physical environment. Using

examples from real-world situations or books such as Siddhartha, it brings the true definition a

social environment together.

(Kreitzer, "What Impact Does the Environment Have on Us? | Taking Charge of Your

Health & Wellbeing") highlights the effects on the physical environment on humans. The

environment can influence mood. For example, the results of several research studies reveal that

rooms with bright light, both natural and artificial, can improve health outcomes such as

depression, agitation, and sleep. This source is essentially striving to achieve the same as the

last, just from the perspective of a physical environment, not a socially influenced one.

("Types of Environment", 2010) is giving a description of different types of

environments. Music therapy just as the two sources have, just from the perspective of the

Germans. The author recognizes the definition of simply the word, environment. "The simple

definition of environment is the surrounding'. It is what surrounds a thing. We can also define it

as "environment is the combination of all of the physical and organic factors that act on a living

being, residents, or ecological society and power its endurance and growth." In bullet points,

social and physical environments are discussed. A social environment is clearly defined. "The
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 13

social or cultural environment means the environment which is created by the man through his

different social and cultural activities and thinking.

Musics effects

(Barton, 2014) supports the idea that music does have healing powers and in turn, can be

used to treat Alzheimer's disease. "Anyone who has blasted a certain song before a party can

attest to music's transformative powers. But music isn't just a mood-booster: Music therapists use

pitch, rhythm, melody and lyrics in specific ways, with the explicit intent of affecting cognition

or emotion in the person who is hearing them." Music can be recreational use, but also for

healing and medical use. Not only does the author focus on Alzheimer's, but also on depression

and addiction. Both are/can be illnesses of the mind.

(M, "Effects of Music on Society") explores the effects of music on society and

individuals as well. The fact is; music is a driving force in society; it has been present since the

dawn of man. The average person spends several hours a day listening to music, whether they

see it as a main activity or just as something to take up space in the background. It is not

surprising, then, that music has a great effect on how humans think and act, possibly even

affecting intelligence. Continuing on, music in schools and the effects on students learning

music alongside other subjects is expanded on. A child taking music lessons greatly improves

their comprehension of proportional math, which is of great importance in higher level

mathematics. Besides the more obvious mathematical effect, the child will explore the lyrical

rhythm and content of the music; understanding the vocabulary and rhythm of the musical

language may allow them to improve both their reading and writing skills. So, in effect, an

education in music will aid the child in what are considered by many to be the two most

important and fundamental areas of study.

 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 14

(Bushak & Lecia, 2014) focuses on the effect on music on people. It concentrates the

influence music has on adolescents. "When a group of teenagers comes together, besides

socializing, the second thing to come up, is the music choice. Not many teenagers have hangouts

or parties without music. Thus, making music a perfect gateway for communication and

socialization. Music activates the same "feel-good", dopamine, sensory as eating food or other

pleasurable activities. Everyone likes different types of music: Some people may feel more

uplifted when they listen to classical music, while others don't get the same high...However,

research has shown that despite personal preferences, music, in general, has a synchronized

effect on people's brains."

 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 15

Limitations of Study

Although this research was carefully prepared, one must be aware of its limitations and

shortcomings. First of all, when researching anything psychological or sociological alike, facts

become a matter of opinion. In particular, there was a minimal amount of information on social

environments or environments in general without music. The term social environment is lost

among the growing number of phrases and words the human race has invented and come upon. It

was barely described and the descriptions barely scratch the surface of the importance and

existence of social environments in our lives.

Secondly, researching teens and music had certain difficulties. Many of the research done

connected the effect of music on adolescents with simply being a teenage obsession in desperate

hopes to identify and find themselves. This, not being the focus of the paper, challenged the

stance taken throughout the paper. Music was attributed to affecting adolescents emotions and

mood, but there was little on how music affected their social settings leading to a deeper

examination of existing research. The focus of the paper supports the idea that music is more

than background noise. These particular sources obviously were not to the advantage of the

paper.
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 16

Annotated Bibliography

("Can Music Cure The Human Brain? | EDM RANKS", 2015) challenges the idea of

music curing the human brain. It includes specific examples and real-life situations. The website

references a documentary movie in which patients with dementia, come alive and return their old

selves. It showcases the critics of pharmaceuticals and in the most scientifically way possible,

proven them wrong. This movie and site will help me develop the paper with not only the

different perspective but also with the way it proves the point in which I am taking on the

treatment of music therapy on dementia.

(Schaeffer, "Music Therapy in Dementia Treatment - Recollection Through Sound")

focuses more the emotional effects of music on the brain. It is more psychologically-focused.

This is helpful because, in order to bring the point home of music therapy being effective and

useful, I need to explain just a little of how it works in the brain. This journal and the American

Music Therapy Association website will both be helpful with doing so.
 MUSIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS 17

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