EDU3105 (SEM 4)

1.0 INTRODUCTION &CONCEPT RP as One process (Briggs, 1977)

TECHNOLOGY RP as A Discipline (Duffy and Jonassen,
1991)
1. Gailbrath (1967) Technology is the RP as A Science (Richey, 1986)
ability to use scientific knowledge or
other knowledge for better (other 3. Yusuf Hashim (1998) - RP consists
organized knowledge) who used of 4 areas:
systematically so as to showcase the Instructional systems design
practice who practically in the task until Design strategies
the task is achieved success. 2. Evan & Message design
Nation (2000) Technology is an art @ Student characteristics
science of how the tool is used for its
purposes. 3. Technology is the processes, 2.2 MODEL DESIGN TEACHING
methods, and ideas to ensure that the
knowledge and use of a tool or material 1. Richey (1986) - outlines the 6 basic
success. 1.1 RELEVANCE OF elements, namely:
TECHNOLOGY IN R & D 1. Technology in
R & D is an effort to increase the Determine the needs of students
effectiveness and quality of Determine goals and objectives
knowledge. 2. Department of Audio Build assessment procedures
Visual Instrusion (Davi) Act 1963 - Designing and selecting delivery strategy
Definition of the first of the technology R Try teaching system
& D is the communication of Evaluating the overall system
audiovisual. 3. Association for 2. Gustalfon (1991) - divided into 3 RP-
Educational Communications and oriented models:
Technology (AECT) 1994
- Communication audiovisual theory and Classroom (the teacher as implementer of
practice is the branch who started with the system)
the design and use of self-control of the Product
learning process messaging. 4. theory System
of Cognitive and Constructive -
Design, build, adapt, manage, evaluate, 2.2.1 The ADDIE MODEL
analyze and apply theories and practices
of other disciplines . 1.2 DOMAIN - It is a generic process who need to be
TECHNOLOGY IN R & D 1. Phase One modified before it can be used, the basis
(AECT) 1977 - Management of teaching, of all RP models.
Extension teaching and learning
resources. 2. Phase Two (Seel and A (Analysis) - Analysis
Richey) 1994 - Theory and practice in D (Design) - Forms
relation to the design, development, use, D (Development) -
management, and evaluation of the Development
processes and resources for I (Implementation) -
learning. ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF Implementation
TECHNOLOGY IN R & D 1. Self E (Evaluation) -
Learning 2. Enhance Learning Evaluation
Effectiveness 3.Learning Opportunity for
All. CHAPTER 2 TEACHING DESIGN 2.2.2 ASSURE MODEL
(RP) 2.1 TEACHING DESIGN
CONCEPT 1. A systematic process of - Heinech et al (1982) - Model RP-
translating general principles to form R & based classroom.
D planning and delivery of learning - It helps teachers to plan R & D and
materials. 2. RP 3 categories: effectively.

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A (Analyses learner) - Analysis of student
S (State Objectives) - Indicate the
objectives
S (Select methods, media and materials) -
Select methods, media & material
resources
U (Utilise media and materials) - Use
media & material resources
R (Require learner response /
Participation) - Involve students
E (Evaluate and REVISE materials) - Rate
& review
2.2.3 MODEL Gagne, Briggs and
Wager (1992)
Determine the goal of teaching
Perform analysis of teaching
Identify the characteristics of students
Forms of teaching and learning objectives
Select teaching methods
Prepare teaching materials
Plan and implement formative
assessment
Plan and perform a summative evaluation
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF
TEACHING DESIGN
1. Improve student achievement.
2. Make R & D more orderly classrooms
3. Enables R & D objectives and learning
outcomes easily achieved.
4. Help in the decision making process.
5. The delivery of R & D in line for group
over a wide range.
6. Save time and lord provisions, eg
Distance Education 2.3 DESIGN OF
MESSAGES 1. Heinech et al (2002) -
media as a tool to support the
communication process. 2. Reiser and
Gagne (1983) - media in any way
possible physical self message
presented. 3. Torkelson (1972) - media
divide into 3 components:
Message - contents @ the information
who is to be served.
Message form - referring to the way
information is stored: in the form of real
self, in abstract form, symbols, visuals,
illustrations and language.
Channel message - physical tools I use in
penyampain message, in the form of
electrical, mechanical and digital.
4. Gagne and Briggs (1974) - 6
categories based on physical stimulation
media media:
Word / language structure
Sound design is not language
The printed word
Static picture
Motion picture
Actual samples
CHAPTER 3 MEDIA LESSON
1. Media = Medium -meaning a
communication channel carrying the
information. 2. Role is to encourage
student interest in pursuing this process
of teaching and increase students'
understanding of the subject matter
taught. 3.Technology allows for the R & D
held without the presence of
teachers. 4.Instructional media
encouraging independent learning can be
shaped media materials are prepared by
the teachers themselves @ the other
side. 5.Teacher's role in determining
outcomes, selection of topics and subject
matter, selection strategies, techniques
and methods of teaching and
assessment. 6. Percival and Elington
(1984) - highlights two forms of media:
Communication channels - radio,
television and newspapers;
Physical Equipment Technology - film,
slides, photographs, tape recordings etc..
7. media in teaching - an instrument
who is able to channel the message
sender to the receiver of the message to
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encourage and stimulate thoughts,
feelings, interests, and attract the
attention of the recipient. FUNCTIONS
OF MEDIA IN TEACHING AND
LEARNING
Teacher Assistants
Substitute teacher
Project-Based Learning
Media In Special Education
Media in Distance Education
In Folio Learning Media
Knowledge diffuser media
3.3 TYPES AND MEDIA KLAFIKASI
1. Hoban and Zissman (1937) - put
the value of a material depends on the
level of visual realistically.
2. concrete experience - real
experience nature suffered by a student
and it is significantly reduced when a
student became an observer to the
events. 3. Experiences Abstract - who
traveled by the student experience
through a visual symbol @ verbal who is
to be interpreted. 4. Types and media
klafikasi:
Mobile media (video, animation & film)
People (teachers, students & the public)
Object / Model who can be touched and
held by students
Text (posters, books, newspapers,
magazines, brochures & modules)
Visual (diagrams, drawings, photographs,
graphics, slides, transparencies etc.)
Audio (voice, sounds, music & song)
CHAPTER 4 DESIGN CLASSROOM
TEACHING: MODEL ASSURE
4.1 LEARNING LESSON PLAN
1. Gagne (1985) - learning occurs as a
gradual process of expanding. 2. Events
of Instruction : - i. Student's
attention. ii. Tell learning objectives.
iii. Crowbar and relate existing knowledge
of students. iv. Delivers content of the
educational / teaching-learning
materials. v.. Guiding student
learning. vi.Test your mastery of
student learning through activities.
vii. Give feedback on mastery
learning. viii. Assessment of learning
achievement. ix. Boost memory and
learning transfer.
4.2 MODEL ASSURE 1. Student
Analysis Based on the following aspects:
General characteristics of students
Knowledge / experience of existing
Student learning styles
2. State Objectives / Learning
Outcomes slasher objective statement
contains 4 criteria:
Groups of students
New forms of behavior
@ Terms treatment situation
Minimum level of achievement behavior
3. Selection Methods, Media and
Materials Resources The selection process
includes three steps:
Determination of - student characteristics,
existing experience, learning styles &
learning objectives.
Selection of media formats - refers to the
physical form of a well-to relay
information.
Selection of source material - selecting
existing resources, modifying existing
source material & design of new source
material.
4. Use of Media and Materials
Resources The following actions should be
done by the teacher:
Check / preview / review of the resource
before using it in class.
Prepare materials for use in class.
Provide an environment well-suited to the
use of material resources.
Prepare students to benefit from the
source material.
Provide learning experiences for students.
5. Engage Students in Learning Involve
students in learning through student-
centered activity-based material can
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motivate and sustain change student
behavior. 6. Value and Revise current
assessment process and post-process R &
D allows teachers to make corrections,
enhancements, and follow-to-life
CHAPTER 5 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
GRAPHIC
5.1 GRAPHICS
graphics - a combination of photographs,
sketches, drawings, letters, figures,
symbols, words @ self image into a media
to provide and interpret the concept of @
the idea of the recipients of the
information in certain situations (P & P).
2. Graphics - a form of visual
communication who use text to convey
information picture @ @ message
3. Electronic media - 'graphics interakrif'
@ 'multimedia graphics'
4. Multimedia - @ software and
computer-based applications who
combines at least two @ more than two
media, the text, graphics, animation,
audio and video.EQUIPMENT DESIGN
BASIS FOR GRAPHICS
Mind (creativity)
Eye
Hand
Traditional tools (pencil, ink, etc.)
Computer, etc..
GRAPHICS FUNCTION IN LEARNING
1. It can be easily understood by many
people though who face language barriers
communication differently.
2. Who actively encourage interactivity in
the classroom and learning environment
who enjoyable and challenging.
5.4 BASIC ELEMENTS OF GRAPHIC
DESIGN SET
1. point - the prime mover of a form
and also as a marker of a position in
space. - Does not have the length of @
width, static, has no direction, relatively
independent, and became the center of
an element.
2. Line - the merger of two points who
have a certain distance. - A combination
of handcuffs forming 2D and 3D images.
Geometric appearance - who have
assorted border immanent.
Organic appearance - who Miscellaneous
independent, well-angled and without
fixed borders.
Chang Hon Woon (1997 ) - the line can
be used to indicate the purpose of the
movement, to be the motive molding,
producing tons, creating forms, creating
space, and give rise to joint.
3. surface - a few lines at a position
either vertically or horizontally. - Eg on
the surface (roof), vertical surfaces (walls)
and below the surface (floor / ground).
4. Shape - an area, height, mass and
more than one surface.
5. space - an empty area who are
around an object which is also referred to
as the distance between the two objects
@ cavity I found in an article.
Space real - I found space in concrete
forms, the actual objects are 3D.
Space appears - resurgent illusion space,
the 2D nature as pictures, paintings etc..
6. Colors - reversal of the light from an
object @ surface.
Basic colors - Blue, Red and Yellow.
Secondary colors - Yellow + Blue =
Green / Red + Blue = Purple /
Yellow + Red = Orange.
Tertiary colors - Color Basic + Secondary
Color.
- Function color - @ influence the effects
of certain produce. - Create a sense of
harmony.
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5.5 Principles of Visual Layout
1. 6 basic principles of visual layout
- CASPER
C (Contrast) - Contrast
A (Alignment) - Balanced
S (Simplicity) - Simplisiti (Keep It Simple
and Stupid)
P (Proximity) - Group items together
relational distance
E (Emphasis) - Focus on items key
R (Repetition) - Recurrent graphics
2. typography - a knowledge in the
selection and arrangement of spaces font
on who is available to create certain
effects help readers who feel comfortable
to read whenever possible.
Font Style : Roman - font who owns the
fin / foot / serif taper turned on end. Sans
serif - this font does not have fins /
serif. @ Cursive Script - scratch hand,
tilted to the right. Egyption - its legs /
fins / srif square turned. Decorative -
daripadabentuk expansion-font shape
imaginable.
font size oft-used normal size - 6 to 72
points.
CHAPTER 6 THE USE OF THE
MATERIALS 2 AND 3 DIMENSIONS
DIMENSIONS OF 2 DIMENSIONS
6.2 (2D) 2D material is rife material
two dimensions, the width and length.
2D material type are: printed material,
charts, graphs, posters and
pictures. Printed Materials
Textbooks - basic instruction in the
classroom and there is no replacement.
Free reading materials - brochures, flyers
etc..
Advantages :
- It is very easy to obtain in a variety of
topics and forms.
- Easy to use and does not need much
explanation.
- Can be removed.
- Cheap in terms of production / free.
Weakness : - Written to target specific
readers. - Regarded as rote material
(facts and definition). - Lots of vocabulary
(cognitive load on students). - No
interactive / performance one way.
Charts
Describe the visual representation of a
transcendental concept of oral / written.
Chart Types:
Chart organizations - shows the
structure of an organization in terms of
staging.
Chart classification - reflects the
category of things, events, animals and
so on.
Chart tabular / table - contains data in
the form of numbers and percentages in
tables.
Chart flow - chart showing the process
sequence, procedure, or the flow of an
activity.
Graph
Visual representation of numerical data.
The type of graph:
Graph bar - describes garaf a scale in
which the height of the bar who want to
measure the quantity represented.
Graph the line - who portray two graphs
scale variations in the two-dimensional
value.
Graph pie - a circle divided into segments
and who each segment representing a
percentage of the total.
Picture
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2D visual material about the people,
places and things @ is used to facilitate
students' understanding.
Advantages :
- Cheap and easy to find.
- Average visual aid understanding.
- Avoiding misconceptions and able to
correct it.
- Provides visual stimulation as evidence.
- Shift the focus of students and develop
critical judgment.
Cons : - The size and distance in
photographs may alter the appearance of
the form . - The lack of color can limit the
accuracy of the interpretation. -
Sometimes students are having trouble to
read and understand. - Less effective if it
is not given to every student.
Map
Abstract representation of a real place in
the form of visual symbols, lines, and
colors.
6.3 MATERIALS 3-DIMENSIONAL (3D)
3D Materials is rife visual material
width, length and height.
3D material type is: realia, modeling,
and creation of artificial (dioramas,
building sand and models). Realia
Who is the real object is brought into the
classroom.
Zukowski-Faust (1997) - concrete
objects and paraphernalia life.
Model
Sbenar material representation of 3D
material in the form of real @ smaller
size.
Having information input, information
processing and decision output.
Artificial Object creation
Created by teacher @ student who could
not be obtained in the market.
Diorama
Produced by actual measurement scale.
Who vary according to size to fit into the
space scale.
Purpose - kemabali scan last event
atmosphere @ @ describes the future.
Sand table
Describe the real situation through a
replica.
BENEFITS THE USE OF 3D IN R & D
1. To gain knowledge about other
cultures.
2. Engage in concrete experience.
3. Develop skills and concepts.
3D USE OF WEAKNESS IN R & D
1. There is no readily available 3D
material on the market.
2. Time constraints to build a 3D material.
3. There should be space for storing
expanse 3D.
CHAPTER 7 BASIC
PHOTOGRAPHY 7.1 BRIEF HISTORY
OF PHOTOGRAPHY -
Photographyliterally means "writing with
light." - around 17-18 century, the camera
'Abscura' created for the convenience of
light-aided drawing images. - Around
1888 George Eastmen create
camera Kodak . - Year 1900
camera Mammoth created (weighing
1400 pounds).
7.2 COMPONENTS OF
CAMERA LENS Lens, @ known as the
lens, is used to form an image
illuminating the surface of the film in the
camera. Kinds Lens type:
1. Broad Field Lens (Wide Angle Lens)
Size 6 mm - 45 mm.
Used for shooting distant view expanse.
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 2. Ordinary Lens (Standard / Normal
Lens)
Size 43 mm - 50 mm.
Sisesuaikan standpoint of common points
of view.
3. the Far Photo Lens (Telephoto)
85 mm - 120 mm: for portraits.
135 mm - 200 mm: suitable for sports.
300 mm - 600 mm: suitable for
movement, nature, and wildlife.
4. Zoom Lens
A combination of several types of lenses
in one unit. 28 mm - 50 mm: wide angle
to the normal 50 mm - 100 mm: 70 mm
normal to moderate - 200 mm: 135 mm
normal to far - 300 mm: moderate to
deep
Appropriate on the subject of capricious
quickly.
Focus is a process to change the
distance lens (lens) of the film surface so
that a clear image of the subject who is
formed on the film surface.
aperture (lens opening SIZE)
1. Aperture is the ring who can grow and
shrink, serves to regulate the entry of
light who will be heading to the movies.
2. Scale at this aperture size / marked
with f @ f / stops . 3. The scale on the
aperture will be marked with 2.8/3.8, 4,
5.6, 8, 11, 16, and 22. (Scale from large
to small).
SHUTTER (Shutter)
@ Shutter Shutter is a self-closing window
film surface from light.
2. Window shutter will only open for a
certain period-to-life exposure to get
good photographs of self.
3. Index shutter speeds - B, 1, 2, 4, 6, 15,
30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000-
meaning each sign 1 shows the speed of
1/1 seconds shutter speed.
4. Index greater speed then allowed
shorter exposure time and speed index,
the longer the exposure
allowed. FILMS 1. The film is a special
plastic sheets who have a chemical
surface ( silver halide Crystals) who light
sensitive. 2. Sensitivity is measured on a
scale of film:
ASA (American Standards Association)
JIS (Japan Industrial Standards)
DIN (DeutcheIndustrienorme)
ISO (International Organization of
Standardization)
3. These types of films:
Black and white film - black and white
negatives produce print black and white
photographs.
Film color - color negative to make a
colorful photo.
Slide film - positive film for color slides
and can be printed.
Film sensitivity
variant rate sensitivity of the film is not
the same size.
The higher the number, the higher the
sensitivity and vice versa.
quip light exposure (correct exposure)
to the film depends on three main factors:
- sensitivity / film speed - aperture lens
aperture - shutter speed.
LIGHTING FLASH
Many of the techniques that could be
practiced when using the flash:
1. Continue to object orientation ( direct
flash )
2. Directional reflection (bounce flash ) -
ideal for portraits
3. Using filters in flash
4. Flash twin - give additional light
5. Manual flush - suitable with the
technique low shutter speed
7.7 TYPE CAMERA There are several
types of cameras are there in the
market.Among them are:
Camera plate (disk)
Instant camera (instant) @ polaroid
Camera cartridges (cartridges)
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Camera reversal
Large format camera (large format view)
COMPACT CAMERA (CAMERA FOCUS
FIXED)
No focus mechanism, but there is only a
seer who peep a little further from the
lens position.
Have a cinch adjustment apertures with
symbol.
CAMERA ONE LENS REFLEX (SLR)
Do not have a visual teller windows in
front side. It just has to embrace in the
back window. lens system that could be
interchanged. Favorite professional
photographers and photo artists.
CAMERA DIGITAL Having electronic
sensors who replace film. Users can see
immediately the image, save, delete, @
record again. Using a CCD system
( charge-coupled-device ) to change the
image of light to signal @ digital
information. CMOS (complementary
metal oxide semiconductor ) is used for
camera trove cheap. Camcorder can
also produce still images, but the
resolution is quite coarse .Image is not
clear when enlarged size.
7.8 TECHNICAL FILMING
In general: 1.The camera must be held
firmly so as not to sway as you cite the
shuttle release button, especially when it
involves the use of zoom lenses @ the
speed of self shuttle slowly. 2. Do not
block shots - to avoid the picture looks
dark part @ protected.
Techniques for Short Range
Who captured images from a short
distance can be a source of adjuvant P &
P when teachers want to focus on a
content knowledge to students.
Medium Distance technique - To View
Photos
Highly suitable as fuel for the whole self
image broaden the students' view of
things.
Panning technique - @ Sports Action
Photos
The camera moved in the direction of
movement of the object while pressing
the shutter at slow shutter speeds perch.
As a result, images of moving objects that
seem obvious, but a static object which
will be blurred.
7.9 DOWNLOAD IMAGES
1. Download images to the computer
2. Download images from your mobile
phone
3. Using a scanner
PHOTOGRAPHY ROLE IN R & D
1. Interests of students.
2. Enhance students' understanding of a
concept terhada @ theme.
3.Thought provoking students to think
further and encourage exploration and
development of student ideas.
4. Facilitate the teacher in applying the
values and inner awareness into the lives
of students.
CHAPTER 8 USE OHP and
transparency for overhead projector
1. A tool can substitute board
whomemprojeksikan images from
transparencies onto a screen.
2. OHP model type - type table and
portable types (open pairs, lightweight
and easy to carry to anywhere).
Guide Using OHP
1. Projectors and screens should be
placed in the correct position and fit to
avoid two keystone shape.
2. Make sure the distance between the
projector and the screen well-adapted to
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radiate the image occupies the entire
area of the screen.
3. Make sure that the lens is clean Platen
and head.
Advantages : - Successor to the board. -
Facilitate classroom control. - Maintain
verbal and non-verbal communication
with students. - Easily stored and can be
used repeatedly. - Does not require
technical skills who complex.
Disadvantages : - Requires power
supply. - relatively high cost of buying
tools make normal transparency,
transparency for photocopying and
printing. - If the projector is not placed
properly, keystone problems will occur. -
Must have graphic skills to produce well-
perfect transparency and quality.
OHP transparency Basic Principles on
OHP Transparencies Preparation
1. Do not try to put too much information
on a transparency.
2. Transparency should be systematic
layout.
3. Make sure all of the exhibits in
transparency can diprojeksikan on the
screen.
OHP Transparencies Preparation
1. On Write-on @ Write Direct -
require users to use a pen to write on
transparencies transparency.
2. @ type Thermal Heat Sensitive -
have coated the surface layer thermal
chemical . - Put in stensel maker tool.
3. Print and copy photos - printed
directly @ very clear copy of the photo. -
Use the photocopy machine @ color laser
printers.
Technique for OHP Transparencies
Presentation
1. transparency Massage /
Progressive - to introduce the subject
matter is in order.
2. Transparency Overlap-stack -
allowing exaggeration information to
provide a systematic overview of the aid
transparency stack .
3. use animation - can be made
through the OHP as the presentation flow
and movement.
OHP Effectiveness depends on:
a) The inscription on transparency should
be appropriate and clear.
b) The distance between the lines fit.
c) The material on compact and
transparency not only consist of only the
important points.
CHAPTER 9 OF AUDIO 9.1 PROCESS
AMONG STUDENTS HEAR
1. Hearing is a physiological process -
occurs when sound waves enter the ear
canal, eardrum vibrate, and the bones of
the middle ear ossicles, enters the inner
ear (cochlea) and transformed into nerve
impulses (nerve impulses), and travel to
the brain to be interpreted.
2. Hearing about happens in psychology -
begins when a person is aware of and pay
attention to a sound @ figure of speech.
Proficiency @ vocabulary level
proprietary language skills by children
influence the effectiveness of the hearing
process.
Clarity Audio Cause optimum volume
and clarity of the source audio allows
children to clearly hear and understand
the message who is to be served.
Uneven Tone Audio
yg( monotonous ) intonation
commentator should be mixed and
varied.
Readiness Hearing readiness of a
listener physically improve their ability to
understand the message who is to be
served. Two important element in
determining the effectiveness of the
hearing during the session P & P is
the presenter of the message (the
teacher) and recipient of the
message (the students).
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 9.2 PRODUCTION OF AUDIO
EDUCATION
steps needed to produce a publication
audio:
Step 1: Set a goal.
Step 2: Research and gather material.
Step 3: Selection of materials.
Step 4: Write the script.
Step 5: Prepare the equipment.
Step 6: Make a recording.
Step 7: Preview.
Step 8: Use of audio material.
Step 9: Evaluation and improvement.
9.3 FORMAT AUDIO audio formats:
Audio cassette
Micro cassette
@ Fonograf record
@ CD Compact Disc
9.4 PUBLICATION AUDIO
To publish audio material, you need some
basic materials and equipment as follows:
Microphone. (See pp. 146-148)
Recorders (recorders and cassette
players).
@ Audio tape audio cassette.
Studio (recording who place special)
Control room (optional)
Sound effects (to produce the actual
situation)
Music (as background music)
Cable.
9.5 mixer VOICE
1. Audio mixer is the tool to have a lot of
channels that could be adjusted
bahananya input and one output.
2. These tools usually found in recording
studios.
3. Before starting the recording, the script
must be prepared and practice reading
the script.
Abbreviations-stands who need to know
and use when you provide the script:
1. FEES ( Fade In ) - Music in slowly.
2. FO ( Fade Out ) - Music slowly
disappear.
3. FUP ( Fade Up ) - Music upward
slowly.
4. FD ( Fade Down ) - Music decline
slowly.
5. BG ( Background ) - Background
music.
9.6 EDITIng
Can do some editing through ways such
as through software Sound Forge . (See
pp. 151-157) Azure advisor to 4:02 (25-
28/10/2009)
9.7 AUDIO FILE FORMAT
1. Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF
and AIF)
2. Musical Instrument Digital Interface
(MID, MDI and MFF)
3. Sound (SND)
4. Roll (ROL)
5. Wave (WAV)
6. Sun Audio (AU)
7. Voice (VOC)
8. MPEG Level 3 (MP3)
9. RealAudio or RealMedia (. RA and.
RAM)
CHAPTER 10 PUBLISHING EDUCATION
VIDEO 10.1 VIDEO IN R & D
1. Video - mobile media hard-headed and
very beneficial preformance delivery of a
message to the audience.
2. Able to bring in events going on
outside the classroom such as volcanic
eruptions, etc. atomic bomb.
3. Able to capture images of far and near,
and manipulate space.
4. Time and space can also be
manipulated through animation.
10.2 CAMERA AND VIDEO RECORDER
1. Camcorder is the grafting of two
words camera and recorder .
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2. Images recorded using a camcorder
who spotted moving through the lens
focus changed to a series of electronic
signals. Signal is then transmitted and
recorded on magnetic tape. In the
meantime, who detected sound as
electronic signals through the built-in
microphone, will also be recorded on tape
the same brush.
3. If want to buy a camcorder, it is
important to take into account the
following matters who:
Storage format.
Color and resolution.
Intensity of light - good video camera who
need lighting to produce little-go-by
shooting.
CCD chips - yet many have a CCD chip,
the better the resolution and color who
can be recorded.
Input and Output - the accessories such
as audio, video, microphone, headphones
and external power source.
10.3 TYPES OF VIDEO CAMERA
Analog Video Camera
Recording and storing images in an
analog form.
Using magnetic tape in the form of
video cassettes who many formats like
VHS, VHS-C, Hi 8, and U-matic. Cameras
Digital Video Recording
image and store them in digital form.
Menngunakan video cassettes in small
size who is usually in the format DVC
(Digital Video Cassette).
Can be connected to a computer using a
FireWire cable.
Can be edited with computer software.
10.4 IMPORTANT PARTS CAMERA
VIDEO
1. Zoom button - merkamkan image
without moving the object closer and
closer physically.
2. Focus bracelets - do focus manually.
3.Sensor exposure (exposure) - to the
entire field recordings and tune the lens
aperture-to-life with intensity of light.
4. Shutter - high shutter speed who need
more light, causing the aperture open
wider exposure and this produces clear
field becomes more shallow.
5. White Balance button - to create a
nice-looking but the color balance is
probably not the original color.
6. Tool voice record - to record the voices
of nature.
10.5 CLEAR FIELD
1. Clear field - the distance between the
subject who looks clear.
2. Clear field depends on the type of
camera, aperture, and focal length.
3. Increasingly wide opening aperture, the
more limited field, he said, especially
when focusing on close subjects who.
4.Conversely, if a small aperture opening,
the sharpness or clarity of an image
produced relatively uniform who cause
more obvious subjects.
10.6 TYPES OF SHOT
Full Length Shot (FLS)
Long Shot (L / S)
Knee Shot (KS)
Waist Shot (WS)
Bust / Medium Close-up Shot
Close Up Shot (C / UP)
Big Close Up (BC / U)
Extra Big Close Up (EBC / U)
10.7 TYPES OF CAMERA MOVEMENT
Panning
Find the start point and end point before
recording.
To capture images of fast-moving
objects such as the movement of a race
car.
Tilting movement
To show the height of buildings, trees,
slopes or to compare the difference of
two different sizes of object .
Dolly Movements
Reject (dolly in) and reverse (dolly out)
who installed the camera on a tripod on
wheels. Movements Truck
Pushing to the left and right who
installed the camera on a tripod on
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wheels. Normally, shooting moving
objects @ running.
10.8 PLANNING PUBLICATION OF
VIDEO FOR TEACHING
1. Set goals and objectives.
2.Research for collecting the material.
3. Choose well-fitting materials.
4. Write the script.
5. Ready to make the shoot.
6. Prepare graphic materials.
7. Provide materials and equipment.
8. Start filming.
9. Editing.
10. Make audio recordings.
11. Preview.
12. Use in teaching.
13. Evaluation and improvement.
10.9 Editing VIDEO
1. Basic video editing techniques - using
only a video player and a video recorder
and two televisions. Both need to be
connected with the AV cable.
2. Edit in camera - shot and long shot is
determined during the shoot made.
3. Assemble editing - shot copied to a
new tape in the order sought.
4. Insertion techniques - a new recording
done on the original tape.
5. Editing by using the Three-machine
Editting. (See pp. 180-181)
6. Editing the computer. - Windows Movie
Maker (pp. 182-191) - VCD Cutter v.4.04
(pp. 191-195)
Chapter 11 PENGINTEGR ASIAN
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN R & D
1.Pemprosesan using the software such
as Microsoft Word for typing job,
editing, and print a document. consists of
word processing embodiment of a file,
store it electronically on a compact disc,
an exhibition on the screen, editing by
direction, and characters from the
keyboard and print using the printer
(printer).
2.Perisian performances such
as Microsoft PowerPoint to help
teachers teachers strengthen their
teaching and students' attention on the
teacher.analyzing software can help
teachers explain the facts and subject
matter taught.software enables teachers
choose various patterns of text, graphics,
animation, audio and video to be
integrated into the slide and screened as
an aid to the session teaching.
3. Spreadsheet software help users
manipulate and manage data for tasks
such as numbers or account record
keeping. Teachers use electronic software
for the task involves keeping financial
accounts and also for the calculation of
marks and grades. software such
as Microsoft Excelfacilitates teachers
when calculating total marks, average,
give grades, organize and filter
data. database software like Microsoft
Access helps teachers save, manage,
and modify the information, the form of
text and numbers. ideal database
software lets users search for information
with search words key.
5.Perisian multimedia authoring is
software that can integrate a combination
of text, graphics, animation, video, and
audio to create a project or package
imaginable interactive
features. interactive multimedia project
produced teachers who can integrate into
R & D. Macromedia Authorware is very
interactive and useful for students who
can draw various intelligence focus.
6.Pengajaran learning through CD-based
interactive media more attractive,
dynamic, interactive, and supported by
audio, video, graphics and animation. In
addition, students can follow the lessons
according to the level, appropriateness of
time, and the ability ( self-access, self-
Documentation and self-directed ).
7. Interactive learning which is a dynamic
method for multimedia applications
require students to respond and interact
actively . It also has an element of
entertainment would appeal more to
them. multimedia-based interactive
media can help R & D more effectively.
8.Aplikasi hypermedia includes the
capability of the software that allows
students to explore
information. hypermedia feature allows
students to explore and get information
according to their interests, abilities, or
will. Examples of interactive media design
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consists of Encarta, World
Book Encyclopedia etc..
CHAPTER 12 RECENT ISSUES &
TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATIONRIGHTS RESERVED
Copyright
is the owner exclusive rights to their
copyrighted material.
Materials literary, music, art, film, sound
recordings, broadcasts and issues
covered under the Copyright Act 1987
(Malaysia).
SECURITY
Safety in the laboratory and computer
equipment should be maintained.
PRIVACY
Secret means nothing to do with the
care and maintenance of materials and
equipment / objects, written materials
sperti map.
CONTROLLED SELF
Self Control is a self-effort requirement
on the behavior, actions and thought
processes.
TREND-TREND TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION FUTURE
Use of Traditional Media in Row
Electronic Learning as an alternative to
deliver information to students outside
formal class.
CHANGE IN THE ROLE OF TEACHERS
As facilitators, managers and movers in
the era of technology.
USE TECHNOLOGY FOR special needs
students
Integration technology helps teachers
embrace diversity with special needs.
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