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CMI Education strives to obtain knowledgeable authors and faculty for its
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are the result of extensive author research and review. Obviously, any recom-
mendations for client care must be held up against individual circumstances
at hand. To the best of our knowledge any recommendations included by the
author reflect currently accepted practice. However, these recommendations
cannot be considered universal and complete. The authors and publisher
repudiate any responsibility for unfavorable effects that result from informa-
tion, recommendations, undetected omissions or errors. Professionals using
this publication should research other original sources of authority as well.
11/13
Materials Provided By
DOLL HOUSE
Do not intervene
The child play freely
Observe and interpret
See how the child has the figures interact with one another
What do the people do?
How do they treat one another?
Who does what and with or without whom?
Drama
By playing other roles, children can better understand other people in
their world or process feelings by acting in the manner they wish that
person would act.
Role playing also allows children to experiment in a safe way. They
can try different reactions and behaviors.
Puppets
This enables the child to tell stories
They will project onto the puppets situations or issues that they are
experiencing
You can simply
p y have the child use the p
puppets
pp or yyou can create a
discussion, similar to using telephones, and engage in a conversation
If you want to set up a puppet theater, this can be done simply by
hanging a sheet that the child can hide behind. This creates greater
anonymity and thus more of a sense of safety and security
Can be finger puppets or larger
You can have the child make puppets out of socks, old gloves etc.
You can set up specific stories to act out with the child. Singer and Singer (2001)
suggest the following:
Cat and Mouse
The cat is asleep and the mouse wakes the cat up
Boy and
d Girll
The girl asks the boy to play
Lost Dog
The boy is crying because he lost his dog
Dance and
Movement
This is very useful, as we will discuss, with children who have been
abused or experienced some kind of trauma
You can help children to loosen up in counseling by taking the lead
and moving. You can move individually or together.
This can do much for helping the child to be more comfortable as well
as engaging with you.
Movement
It is great to get children moving.
Touch toes
Reach for the stars
Jump like a kangaroo
Lie down and ride a bicycle
Skip
Dancing
Most children enjoy music. The right music can reduce stress, improve mood
etc. Many children can be self conscious as well and this can help to break
that. Use childrens song or Harry Bellefonte for example depending upon the
age of the child. Make it fun
Music/lyrics
Individuals, especially teens, identify a lot with music. The lyrics often
express for them what they can not.
Mood strongly impacts mood as well and we will gravitate to certain
types of music depending upon how we feel and want to feel.
Have children/teens bring in a song that describes who they are.
You can use songs for them to describe how they feel.
Use music as an intervention such as to build self-esteem.
Board Games
There is very little research about the effectiveness of using Board
Games in Play therapy.
Often it is used for observational purposes.
Games can be useful to talk with kids while playing in order to have
them more relaxed and their guard down.
There are games created for the purpose of using in therapy such as
the Talking, Feeling and Doing Game, The Ungame, My First Therapy
Game, Character Challenge, and The Self-Esteem Game: The Game
Where everybody is a Winner!
Board Games
(cont.)
Board Games
(cont..)
Rule Breaking
Styles of Rule Breaking (Bellinson, 2002):
Look for the answer or at your cards
Repeatedly throw the dice until get the number they
need
Actually pick up the die and put it on the number
May try to hide what they are doing
Pretend they made a mistake like miscounting the
number of spaces moved
Do they cheat long enough to be ahead or until the
end of the game?
Understand the behavior and try to interpret it is it
consistent with what they do at school, home etc.?
Children who cheat earlier in a game are often more needy
Rule Breaking
Most children who understand rules start by following
them.
Children will often then test you.
We need to know the rules of a game so that a child does
not catch us off guard by saying the rules are one way
when in reality they are another.
Sometimes children will make new rules that are their own
and will follow those this is being creative.
When a child pulls out a game, ask them how they want to
play.
Rather then alter our moves, give children choices such as
If you move there, you leave a double jump for my
checkers. Or, I know the [Clue] answer, should I say it or
keep playing? (Bellinson, 2002. pg. 75).
Gender Differences with Board Games
Boys are more competitive usually than girls
Girls are told to play for fun more often than boys
Girls are often more advanced verbally than boys
Girls may engaged in structured play such as rule drive board games
earlier than boys
Girls will move into talking about their struggles earlier than boys
usually.
PLAY DOUGH
Create a face what do you show the world. Than create a fact
of what they really feel. Lastly, you can have the child do a face
reflecting what they want to feel.
Besides Play Dough you can use Plasticene or others that never
dry!
Recipe for play dough if you do not want to buy it (you can buy
play dough which hardens or other brands that never dry):
1 cup flour
1 cup water
1 T oil
1 T powered alum
cup salt
2 T vanilla
Food coloring
Mix all dry ingredients. Add oil & water. Cook over medium heat,
stirring constantly until feels like mashed potatoes. Remove from
heat & add vanilla & coloring. Divide into balls.
Directive Techniques
The therapist is active by setting up a play situation, structuring the
activity/play.
This is to purposefully trigger certain unconscious thoughts and
feelings, challenge defense mechanisms, or go in directions that are
perceived as beneficial.
To simply draw is non-directive but to ask the child to draw something
specific is directive.
These mediums have firm boundaries and direction. Thus they tend
to tap into emotions less than non-directive techniques.
Anger (OCD)
Have children draw what makes them angry
Draw safe ways to get/express their anger
If you need to make it more fun, draw a volcano
and in the volcano write what makes them angry.
Also
Al you can d draw a b
bomb b and
d on the
h ffuse, write
i
what makes them angry.
Role play so children can practice what they can
do when they get angry purposefully role play
situations where the child typically gets mad.
Have the child draw up to four people in their life
and what they do/look like when they are angry.
Have the child draw where they feel their anger or what there anger
looks like make it go away by drawing over the picture such as
covering it with a crayon.
Use foam noodles like from a pool. Have sword fights.
Anxiety
Anxiety disorders affect 13+% (range is 5-17%)of children. This is the
most common mental health diagnosis with children.
Fears and anxiety in children are normal but when children become
too afraid such as overly cautious, overcorrecting, too worried etc..
th it iis a problem.
than bl
Girls are more frequently diagnosed then boys.
According to Chansky (2004), there is a typical development of fears
in children.
Chansky, T. E. (2004). Freeing Your Child From Anxiety: Powerful, Practical
Solutions to Overcome Your Childs Fears, Worries and Phobias. New York:
Three Rivers Press.
Infancy:
Stranger Anxiety develops around 7-9 months and typically ends by age
1.
Early Childhood:
Separation anxiety develops around age 1 and usually ends sometime
over the next three years, before Kindergarten. Children will often fear
g and situations. Perceived dangers
new things g mayy be real or imagined.
g
Elementary School:
Children begin to fear real-world dangers such as fire, storms,
burglars etc.. Learn that these can be remote rather than imminent
dangers.
Middle School:
Social comparisons and worries about social acceptance. May also
worry about grade, sports, friends and social status.
High School:
Focus remains on social life. Focus now is on finding the right group.
There may be concerns about the world, moral issues and/or their
future.
Anxiety/OCD
The Cognitive Court Room
Show me the evidence!
1. Identify the Anxiety Causing thought
Look at all of the aspects of the thought that contribute to the anxiety
2. Brain Storm Alternative Thoughts/Outcomes
This is time to look at reality such as what is the true likelihood of something happening?
Is it really everyone? Always? Should?
3. Look at the Evidence
Present the evidence for both sides help client to restructure by seeing the evidence
for reality and rational thoughts
Exposure Therapy
Draw a fear hierarchy but do so as a ladder:
Use for exposure therapy
List the situations that are avoided or cause anxiety
Put them in order from most anxious causing (at the top) to least anxious
causing (at the bottom).
This can also involve one trigger such as a spider and the hierarchy is the
distance to/from the spider
Doing exposures as homework can be very beneficial make sure the client
documents the experience thoroughly
Exposure Therapy
Challenging
Client should feel anxious
Set the client up for success do not take on the impossible
Minimize Risks
Minimal consequences do not tell your boss how you truly feel about them but
perhaps become more assertive with expressing yourself
Focus on Improvements
Regularly assess the anxiety levels so the client can see they are making progress
Expectations
Change takes time and will not happen over night
There will be setbacks
Anxiety may not go away but will no longer interfere
Do not fight it
Fighting the anxiety will make it worse
Let it happen
Eliminate Avoidance Behaviors
Stop doing things to avoid or that make you feel better
When to Move on
Try to remain in the situation until you feel more comfortable and feel a
reduction in the anxiety
Use the diaries this can help is so many ways including to see progress and
areas to address
Trouble Shooting
Physical effects
They will decrease
Likely not noticeable to others
Such things are often more normal then realize
Negative thoughts
Encourage clients clients are not the best self-evaluators
Brief situations
Repeat, repeat, repeat
Risks
Review what happened
Go back and work your way to this point again
Persistent fear
Reassess (avoidance, comfort etc..)
Challenge the predictions and beliefs again
Working with children can be very challenging you can not make
them face something that feels bad
Reward them with therapy compliant behaviors.
No reward or payoff for non therapy related behaviors
HOWEVER, in session and at home you do not want any negative
consequences or punishment do not associate negatives with treatment.
Still use parent(s) as coach.
Lessons for Children with Anxiety
The power of thought:
Does your foot itch? If it didnt it probably will
Got with facts and not feelings
How much of you feels that something bad will happen?
How much of you believes it will happen?
Do not follow All-or-None
Brain makes possibilities defines.
Think about Likelihood
Feelings/fears become possibilities
Help your child focus on the facts
Be in the present
What ifs if need be use stop signs, set time limits for worrying and think about
likelihood
ADHD
Impulsivity: How do you make Time Out Fun?
A short break to stop and think
In sports it is used to stop the action and allow the team to regroup then go
back to playing. Usually teams use this when things are not going well.
Example: Vince and Football
Allowing children to have a fidget toy can be very useful. This can help
to keep their hands busy and thus they focus better.
Mouse Trap
Run Yourself Ragged:
Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Engage in deep breathing but you can do this sitting down, standing
or lying down.
Tense parts of the body either individually or in groups. Hold the
tension for 5-7
5 7 seconds and then relax:
Hands, arms
Head, face, throat and shoulders
Chest, stomach, lower back
Buttocks, thighs, calves and feet
If it helps, tell yourself: relax, Let it go, let go, its ok etc..
Get detailed and even record it so you can do each step by step.
You can also do all of these at once for a quick relief.
I truly hope that you have found this presentation informative and
useful If I can be of any further assistance
useful. assistance, please do not hesitate to
contact me.
Sincerely,
Christine
P.O. Box 1000
Eau Claire, WI 54702
(800) 844-8260 Play Therapy Techniques for Anxiety, ADHD
and Impulse Control
Program Objectives
Please use the objectives below to answer the online objective questions.
At the completion of this seminar, I have been able to achieve these seminar
objectives:
1. Design play therapy techniques to help children with anxiety, ADHD and impulse
control issues.
2. Discover hot to help children learn a sense of control over these struggles.
**If there are no additional objectives above, please select "not applicable"
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