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Alginic acid and derivatives, new polymers from the endangered Pancratium
maritimum L.
Adnen Sanaa a, , Abdennacer Boulila b , Mohamed Boussaid a , Najeh Ben Fadhel a
a
National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, North Urban Center, BP 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
b
National Institute of Physico-chemical Research and Analysis, Laboratory of Natural Substances, Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: Alginic acid and derivatives were reported for the rst time from the bulb of Pancratium maritimum
Received 3 October 2012 L. The brown algae Sargassum muticum was used as a source of sodium alginate. The alginic acid and
Received in revised form 9 November 2012 calcium alginate production methods were performed. FT-IR spectra of sodium alginate extracted from
Accepted 11 November 2012
P. maritimum reported an intense peak around 1614 cm1 and a second intense peak around 1431 cm1 .
Our analysis showed that the sodium alginate characteristic peaks of P. maritimum and S. muticum were
Keywords:
similar. Chemical data in our study can provide some insight into the bioactive molecules in the species
Alginic acid
with important industrial and pharmaceutical uses and may lead to use P. maritimum as a new source of
FT-IR
Pancratium maritimum L.
sodium alginate.
Sodium alginate 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
0926-6690/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.11.014
A. Sanaa et al. / Industrial Crops and Products 44 (2013) 290293 291
3. Experimental a solution of NaOH (40%) was added gradually until the resulting
paste reaches pH 67 (Venegas et al., 1993).
P. maritium and S. muticum were submitted to the same steps of Alginates were present in the cell walls of brown algae as the cal-
sodium alginate extraction. Bulb (50 g) of P. maritimum and 50 g of cium, magnesium and sodium salts of alginic acid (Lee et al., 2011).
S. muticum were broken each into pieces and stirred with a solution The goal of the extraction process was to obtain dry, powdered,
of 100 ml Na2 CO3 (1.5%) at 65 C. HCl (5%) was added to the ltered sodium alginate. The rationale behind the extraction of alginate
extract to pH 12. Alginic acid formed gelatinous pieces that must from the seaweed and P. maritimum was to convert all the alginate
be separated from the water. Ethanol was added to give a 50:50 salts to the sodium salt, dissolve this in water, and remove the sea-
mixture of alcohol and water to precipitate the alginic acid. Then weed and P. maritimum residues by ltration. The alginate must
292 A. Sanaa et al. / Industrial Crops and Products 44 (2013) 290293
then be recovered from the aqueous solution. There were two dif-
ferent ways of recovering the alginate. The rst was to add acid to
form alginic acid. This did not dissolve in water and the solid alginic
acid was separated from the water. The alginic acid was separated
as a soft gel and some of the water must be removed from this. After
this has been done, alcohol was added to the alginic acid, followed
by sodium carbonate which converts the alginic acid into sodium
alginate (Na Alg). This did not dissolve in the mixture of alcohol and
water, so it could be separated from the mixture, dried and milled
to an appropriate particle size that depends on its particular appli-
cation. The second way of recovering the sodium alginate from the
initial extraction solution was to add a calcium salt. This caused
calcium alginate to form with a brous texture; it did not dissolve
in water and can be separated from it. The separated calcium algi-
nate was suspended in water and acid was added to convert it into
alginic acid. This brous alginic acid is easily separated, placed in a
planetary type mixer with alcohol, and sodium carbonate is grad-
ually added to the paste until all the alginic acid is converted to
sodium alginate (Na Alg).
The sodium alginate (Na Alg) extracted from the brown algae Fig. 2. FT-IR spectra of sodium alginate from P. maritimum and S. muticum.
was used to the comparative FT-IR analysis with the sodium algi- , FT-IR spectra of sodium alginate of Sargassum muticum; , FT-IR spectra of sodium
nate extracted from the bulb of P. maritimum. The paste of sodium alginate of Pancratium maritimum.
alginate (Na Alg) can be extruded as pellets, oven dried and milled
for further spectral analysis with a Perkin-Elmer FT-IR Spectrum
1000 apparatus in the 4000400 cm1 region. These essentials of
the process were illustrated in the ow diagram in Fig. 1. 4.3. FT-IR analysis
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