IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

MANUAL SIMULATION

Parts arrive at a machine with following data;

Part# Arrival Service

Time Time (hrs)
1 0 4
2 2 3
3 3 1
4 5 2
5 11 4

Simulate the processing of the parts on the machine upto time period; t = 13 hours.

SOLUTION
1) First generate the schedule of parts processing on the machine as follows;

Part# Arrival Service Start Departure Waiting Time-in-

Time Time (hrs) Time Time Time System
1 0 4 0 4 0 4-0=4
2 2 3 4 7 4-2=2 7-2=5
3 3 1 7 8 7-3=4 8-3=5
4 5 2 8 10 8-5=3 10-5=5
5 11 4 11 15 11-11=0 15-11=4

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

2) Draw Table of parts arrivals and departures according to Chronological (time-based) order as follows;

(ARR = arrival of part; DEP = departure of part)

Time; t Part# Event

0 1 ARR
2 2 ARR
3 3 ARR
4 1 DEP
5 4 ARR
7 2 DEP
8 3 DEP
10 4 DEP
11 5 ARR
13* --- End of
SIMULATION

(* although part#5 departs at t=15; but we stop

Simulation at t=13 hours.)

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

ARRIVALS and DEPARTURES of PARTS

2
D
A 3 2 1
E
R
P
R 4 3 1
A
I
R
V 4 2
T
A 2
3 U
L 3
R
S 4
4 E

S
5

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

WAITING TIMES & PROCESS SCHEDULE

3 2 1
Waiting
Time
4 3 0 1
4-2=2
7-3=4
8-5=3
4 11-11=0 2
2
3
3

4
4

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

0 1 0
Part# Start Departure
Time Time
2 2 1 0 4
3 3 2 4 7 1
2 3 7 8
4 4 8 10 4 1
5 11 15
5 4 3
2
7 4 7 2
3
8 8 3

4
10 10 4

11 5 11

5
13

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

WAITING TIME (QUEUE) STATISTICS

The following parameters are defined for generating Queue statistics.

N = Number of parts (entities) that have passed waiting (Queue) area so far

WQ = Waiting time in Queue by a part (entity) when it is leaving the waiting (Queue) area

WQ* = Maximum of WQ of all parts (entities) that have left the waiting (Queue) area so far

WQ = Summation of all WQ of parts (entities) that have left the waiting (Queue) area so far

Q* = Maximum number in Queue so far

Q = Sum of waiting time of all parts that have left Queue as well as those that are in the Queue now

= WQ + waiting time of parts those are now in the Queue

AWQ = Average waiting time at the end of simulation time; t

=
WQ
N

Time-Average Queue Length =

Q
t
Lets explore these variables;

At time, t = 0; Part# 1 arrives. Since machine is available, part 1 does not wait in the Queue, and, goes directly to machine.
Hence, N=1. Since, part is not waiting; all other parameters will be equal to zero.

At time, t = 2; Part# 2 arrives. Since machine is processing Part# 1 at that time, Part# 2 will wait join Queue. So, Q* = 1.

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

At time, t = 3; Part# 3 arrives. Since, machine is busy processing Part# 1, Part# 3 will join Queue. Now there are two parts
waiting in the Queue; so, Q* = 2. Also, Part# 2 is waiting in the Queue for one hour now; so value of parameter Q will be updated.
Remember, Q = WQ + waiting time of parts which are now in the Queue. So, Q = 0 + 1 = 1.

At time, t = 4; Part# 1 departs the system, so Part# 2 leaves the Queue and goes to machine. Now, many statistics change.
Number of parts leaving and passing through Waiting (Queue) area is now 2; so, N = 2. Waiting time of Part# 2 in Waiting (Queue)
area ; WQ = 2. So, WQ* = 2. Also, WQ = 2. Only one part is in Queue now; so Q* is equal to 2. What about Q ? It is equal to
WQ + waiting time of part in Queue. At this time, only Part# 3 is in Queue waiting for one hour now. So, Q = 2 + 1 = 3.

At time, t = 5; Part# 4 enters the system and joins the Queue. Since, Part#3 is already in the Queue; there are two parts in the
Queue; Q = 2. Since, Q* is already 2, so Q* will not change. Hence, Q* = 2. All other parameters remain the same, except the value of
Q . Part# 3 is waiting in the Queue for last two hours now; hence, Q = 2 + 2 = 4.

At time, t = 7; Part# 2 departs the system. Hence, Part# 3 leaves the Queue. Many statistics will change. Now, N = 3. WQ of
Part# 3 is 4. So, WQ* will be now 4. Also, WQ = 2 + 4 = 6. Now, only Part# 4 is in the Queue; hence, Q = 1. So, Q* =2.

What about Q;

Q = WQ + waiting time of Part# 4 in Queue = 6 + 2 = 8.

At time, t =8; Part# 3 departs the system. Hence, Part# 4 leaves the Queue. Hence, N = 3. WQ of Part# 4 is 3. So, WQ* will
still be 4. Also, WQ = 6 + 3 = 9. Now, no part is in the Queue; hence, Q = 0. So, Q* = 2, and, Q = WQ + 0 = 9 + 0 = 9.

At time, t =10; Part# 4 departs the system. There will be no change in any QUEUE statistics.

At time, t =11; Part# 5 arrives, and, immediately goes to Machine. Only N will be changed from 4 to 5.

At time, t =13; Simulation will end with Queue statistics remaining unchanged from t=11.

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

QUEUES AND WAITING TIME STATISTICS

N WQ WQ* WQ Q Q* Q
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0

2 2 1 - 0 0 1 1 0

3 3 1 - 0 0 2 2 1 1
2
4 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2+1=3 1
4
2 - 2 2 2 2 2+2=4
5 4 3
2
7 3 4 4 6 1 2 6+2=8
4 3 7 2
3
4 3 4 9 0 2 9 3
8 4 8

4
4 - 4 9 0 2 9
10 10 4
5 0 4 9 0 2 9
11 5 5 11

5
5 - 4 9 0 2 9
13

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

PARTS DEPARTURE STATISTICS

The following parameters are defined for generating Parts departure statistics.

P = Number of parts (entities) that have finished service and departed system so far.

TS = Time-in-System of a part when it is leaving the system.

TS* = Maximum of TS of all parts (entities) that have left the system so far.

TS = Summation of all TS of parts (entities) that have left the system so far

B = Busy Service Time of Server so far.

ATS = Average time-in-system at the end of simulation time; t

=
TS
P
AU = Average utilization of server at the end of Simulation.

=
B
t

Lets explore these variables;

At time, t = 0; all statistical parameters are zero.

At time, t = 2; all statistics are zero, except B which now equal to 2; since Server is busy with Part# 1 from time t=0 to t=2.

At time, t = 3; all statistics are zero, except B which now equal to 3; since Server is busy with Part# 1 from time t=0 to t=3.

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

At time, t = 4; Part# 1 departs the system. So, P =1; TS for Part# 1 is 4; so TS = 4; also, TS* = 4. So is TS = 4. B =4.

At time, t = 5; no part leaves the system. So, all statistical parameters remain the same except B whose value changes to 5.

At time, t = 7; Part# 2 departs the system. So, P = 2; TS for Part# 2 is 5; so TS = 5. The value of TS* changes to 5.

TS = 4 + 5 = 9, and, B = 7.

At time, t = 8; Part# 3 departs the system. So, P = 3; TS for Part# 3 is 5; so TS = 5. The value of TS* remains 5.

TS = 9 + 5 = 14, and, B = 8.

At time, t = 10; Part# 4 departs the system. So, P = 4; TS for Part# 4 is 5; so TS = 5. The value of TS* remains 5.

TS = 14 + 5 = 19, and, B = 10.

At time, t = 11; no part leaves the system. So, all statistical parameters remain the same.

At time, t = 13; simulation ends. No part leaves, so, all statistical parameters remain unchanged except B. Server (machine)
is busy processing Part# 5 since t = 11, updated value of B = 10 + 2 = 12.

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

PARTS DEPARTURE STATISTICS

N WQ WQ* WQ Q Q* Q P TS TS* TS B
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0

2 2 1 - 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

3 3 1 - 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 3
2
4 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2+1=3 1 1 4 4 4 4
4
2 - 2 2 2 2 2+2=4
5 4 3 1 - 4 4 5

2
7 3 4 4 6 1 2 6+2=8
4 3 7 2 2 5 5 9 7
3
4 3 4 9 0 2 9 3 3 5 5 14 8
8 4 8

4
4 - 4 9 0 2 9
10 10 4 4 5 5 19 10
5 0 4 9 0 2 9
11 5 5 11 4 - 5 19 10

5
5 - 4 9 0 2 9 4 - 5 19
13 10+2=12

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IE432-INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM SIMULATION 2nd SEMESTER-2007 LESSON 2 _MANUAL SIMULATION

CUMMULATIVE STATISTICS

Average Waiting Time; AWT =

WQ = 9 = 1.8 Hours
N 5

Average Time-in-System;ATS=
TS = 19 = 4.75 Hours
P 4

Time_average Queue Length =

Q = 9
= 0.69
13 13

Average Utilization of Server ; AUT =

B = 12 / 13 = 92.3%
13

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