11.

3- Chromosomes and Human

Heredity
Karyotype Studies
Scientists sometimes study
entire chromosomes instead of
individual genes

Karyotype micrograph of pairs

of homologous chromosomes
h5p://learn.gene;cs.utah.edu/content/
basics/karyotype/
Telomeres
Telomeres are caps on the end of
chromosomes made of DNA and
proteins.
They protect the chromosome
They are also thought to
be involved with aging.
!
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction Cell division where
sister chromatids fail to separate
properly.
!
Down syndrome
Extra chromosome 21!
Characteristics include
distinctive facial
features, short stature,
heart defects, and
mental disability.!
!
Fetal testing
Fetal tests can provide
information on genetic disorders
and chromosomes of developing
babies. !
!