CHE441__________________

LASTNAME,FIRST
Problemset#81,2,3

1. Inafiretubeboiler,hotproductsofcombustionflowingthroughanarrayofthinwalled
tubesareusedtoboilwaterflowingoverthetubes.Atthetimeofinstallation,theoverallheat
transfercoefficientwas400W/m2.oK.After1yearofuse,theinnerandoutersurfacesare
fouled, with corresponding fouling factors of Rfi = 0.0015 and Rfo = 0.0005 m2.K/W,
respectively.Shouldtheboilerbeschedulesforcleaningofthetubesurfaces?(Iftheoverall
heattransfercoefficientreducedbymorethan20%).2

2. Oilflowingattherateof5.04kg/s(Cp =2.09kJ/kg.K)iscooledina12heatexchanger
from366.5 Kto344.3 Kby2.02kg/sofwaterenteringat283.2 K.Theoverallheattransfer
coefficientUois340W/m2.K.Calculatethearearequired.3

3. A singlepass shelland two tubepass heat exchanger contains 140 steel tubes (k = 25
Btu/hrftoF).TheIDofthetubesis0.732in.,andtheODis1.0in.Theshellsideofthe
exchangercontainssaturatedsteamat330oF,andwaterpassesthroughthetubes.Theunitis
designedwithsufficienttubeareatopermit25,000gphofwatertobeheatedfrom70to160 oF.
Inthecourseofthisdesign,adirtcoefficienth dof1000Btu/hrft2oFwasassumedtoallowfor
scalingonthewatersideofthetube.Thefilmcoefficientforthesteamis2000Btu/hrft2oF.
Thefilmcoefficientforthewateris600Btu/hrft2oF.Nosafetyfactorotherthantheonescale
valuewasusedincarryingouttheexchangerdesign.Estimatethetemperatureofsaturated
steamwhichmustbeusedwhentheexchangerisnew(i.e.,noscalepresent)ifthewaterenters
theunitatarateof25,000gphandisheatedfrom70to160 oF.Cpofwater=1Btu/lboF1ft3=
7.48gal.Waterdensity=62.3lb/ft3.

1 1 1 1 ro ri 1 1
U i Ai = U o Ao = hi Ai + hdi Ai + kAlm + hdo Ao + ho Ao

Ai
a)Determine Alm
b)DetermineUi

c)Determinetheaveragevelocityofwaterinthetubesideinft/s.

1,1PetersandTimmerhaus,PlantDesignandEconomicsforChemicalEngineers,Fourth
Edition,McGrawHill
2,32FundamentalsofHeatandMassTransferbyIncorperaandDewitt.3TransportProcessesandUnitOperations
byJeankoplis.
d)LetUi,newbetheoverallheattransfercoefficientwhentheheatexchangerisnew.IfUi,new/Ui
=1.4,determineTlmforthenewexchangersothatthewaterenterstheunitatarateof25,000
gphandisheatedfrom70to160oF.

4.Afinnedtube,crossflowheatexchangeristousetheexhaustofagas(air)turbinetoheat
pressurized water with both fluid unmixed. Laboratory measurements are performed on a
prototypeversionoftheexchanger,whichhasasurfaceareaof10m 2,todeterminetheoverall
heat transfer coefficient as a function of operating conditions. Measurements made under
particularconditions,forwhich mh =2kg/s,Thi =325oC, mc =0.5kg/s,andTci =25oC,
revealawateroutlettemperatureofT co=150oC.Whatistheoverallheattransfercoefficient
oftheexchanger?2

5.RuntheprogramMicroplantasanEstablishedTroubleshooterandturninthelastdisplayof
theprogram.

6.Atanaveragefilmtemperatureof350 K,whataretheindividualheattransfercoefficients
whenthefluidflowingina0.0254minsidediametertubeisair,water,oroil?Eachfluidinthe
comparisonexhibitsaReynoldsnumberof5104.Howwouldthepressuredropvaryforeach
fluid (specify the ratio of pressure drop of water and air over pressure drop of oil)? The
propertiesofthethreefluidsat350Kareasfollows:
Air Water Oil
Density,kg/m3 0.955 973 854
Viscosity,Pas 210 5
3.7210 4
3.56102
Thermalconductivity,W/mK 0.030 0.668 0.138
Heatcapacity,J/kgK 1050 4190 2116
Theinsideheattransfercoefficientcanbeestimatedfrom
ki
h = Di (0.023)Re0.8Pr1/3
i

7. A counter flow, concentric tube heat exchanger is designed to heat water from 20 to 80oC
using hot oil, which is supplied to the annulus at 180oC and discharged at 140oC. The thin-wall
tube has a diameter of Di = 20 mm, and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 500 W/m2K. The
design condition calls for a total heat transfer rate of 3000 W.
(a) What is the length of the heat exchanger?
(b)After3yearsofoperation,performanceisdegradedbyfoulingonthewatersideof
theexchanger,andthewateroutlettemperatureisonly65 oCforthesamefluidflowratesand
inlet temperatures. What are the corresponding values of the heat transfer rate, the outlet
temperatureoftheoil,andtheoverallheattransfercoefficient.

8.Aheatexchangerwithtwotubepasseshasbeenrecommendedforcooling25kg/sdistilled
waterfrom33.9to29.4oC.Theproposedunitcontains160coppertubes,eachwitha0.0191m
outsidediameter,18BWG,and4.876mlength.Thetubesarelaidoutona0.0238mtriangular
pitchwithina0.387minsidediametershell.Twentyfivepercentcutsegmentalbaffles,spaced
0.3mapart,arelocatedwithintheshell.Coolingwateratatemperatureof24 oCandaflowrate
of 2.0 m/s will be used in the tubes to provide the cooling. The shellside heat transfer
coefficientmightbeestimatedfrom

1/ 3
Cp
0.6
k f ao Do Gs

h = Do Fs s k f
(Eq.81)
o
a)DetermineGs.
b)Iftheviscosityofdistilledwateris7.82104kg/ms,determinetheReynoldnumberinEq.
81.
c)Determinethenumberoftuberowacrosswhichshellfluidflow.