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This article is about the linguistic term. For other uses, 2 Classication
see Synecdoche (disambiguation).
1
2 3 EXAMPLES
Kenneth Burke (1945) declared that in rhetoric the 3.2 General class name used to denote spe-
four master tropes, or gures of speech, are metaphor, cic member of that or associated class
metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. Burkes primary con-
cern with these four master tropes is not simply their Saying "Wiki" to mean "Wikipedia". This is similar
gurative usage but their role in the discovery and de- to using Site to refer to any web site.
scription of the truth.[15] He described synecdoche as
part of the whole, whole for the part, container for the Using the good book or The Book for the
contained, sign for the thing signied, material for the Bible (Bible itself comes from the Greek word for
thing made cause for the eect, eect for the cause, book)
[16]
genus for the species, species for the genus. In ad- Describing any four-wheel drive vehicle (including
dition, Burke suggests that synecdoche patterns can in- long-haul trailers, etc.) as a truck
clude reversible pairs such as disease-cure.[17] Burke pro-
claimed the noblest synecdoche is found in the descrip- In the phrase, Hes good people, the word peo-
tion of microcosm and macrocosm" since microcosm is ple is used to denote a specic instance of people
related to macrocosm as part to the whole, and either (a single person)
the whole can represent the part or the part can rep-
resent the whole.[17] Burke also compared synecdoche The pill is commonly used to refer to a birth-
with the concept of representation, especially in the po- control pill
litical sense in which elected representatives stand in pars
pro toto for their electorate.[15]
3.3 Specic class name referring to general
set of associated things
3 Examples "John Hancock" used in the United States, for the
signature of any person
3.1 Part referring to whole (pars pro toto)
A genericized trademark, for example "Coke" for
Referring to people according to a single character- any variety of cola (or for any variety of soft drink,
istic: the gray beard representing an older man or as in the southern United States), "Band-Aid" for
the long hair representing a hippie any variety of adhesive bandage, or "Styrofoam" for
any product made of expanded polystyrene
Referring to a large group of related peoples accord-
ing to the proper name of one subgroup: Eskimos A "Rube Goldberg (or Heath Robinson) contrap-
instead of Native Alaskans; Caucasians instead of tion to refer to any machine which seems overly
Europeans or Whites complicated or bizarrely constructed
He asked for her hand in marriage. tin for a container made with tin plating
3
3.5 Container is used to refer to its con- [4] Glossary of Rhetorical Terms, University of Kentucky
tents [5] Jakobson, Roman & Morris Halle (1956). Fundamen-
tals of Language. The Hague: Mouton. p. 95. ISBN
barrel for a barrel of oil 117871814X.
keg for a keg of beer [6] Figurative Language- language using gures of speech,
University of West Georgia
He drank the cup, to refer to his drinking of the
cups contents [7] Lanham, Richard A (1991). A Handlist of Rhetorical
Terms: A Guide for Students of English Literature, Sec-
ond Edition. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: California
University Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-520-07669-9.
4 See also
[8] Political Metaphors: http://www.politicalmetaphors.com/
Antonomasia tag/synecdoche/
7 External links
Synecdoche from Silva Rhetoric: The Forest of
Rhetoric
5
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