Why

Fiber Optic Deployment

Challenges & Solutions.

Fiber
Prepared By.
ENG.\ SHOKRI ELGEBALI

Optics 2/10/2012

?
1
TELECOM EGYPT 9/28/2012
 FIBER OPTIC
DEPLOYMENT
CHALENGES
&
SOLUTIONS.

2 9/28/2012
 Why
Fiber
Optics ?

3 9/28/2012
 - Currently, copper wires are the most cost
effective and reliable interconnect in parallel
machines.
- However as machines grow more powerful,
wire density becomes critical making fiber
possible alternatives because of their small
wire size.
- Fiber optics are used mainly to exploit its
high bandwidth.
- On a single fiber lots of information/data can
be transmitted concurrently and in parallel.
- Over 1000 high bandwidth (100-200 Mb/s)
independent channels or busses can be
supported on a single optical fiber.
- Furthermore multiple buses can co-exist on a
single fiber.
- Fiber links allow a number of high speed
serial links to replace a large number of
electrical lines.
-The use of fiber is thus space saving.

4 9/28/2012
 Advantages
of
Fiber Optic
Systems.

5 9/28/2012
 A fiber optic offer a wide range of
benefits not offered by traditional
copper wire or coaxial cable. These
include:
1- The ability to carry much more information and
deliver it with greater fidelity than either copper wire
or coaxial cable.
2- Fiber optic cable can support much higher data
rates, and at greater distances, than copper wire or
coaxial cable.
3- The fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of
interference, including lightning, and will not conduct
electricity. It can therefore come in direct contact
with high voltage electrical equipment and power
lines. It will also not create ground loops of any kind.
4- As the basic fiber is made of glass, it will not
corrode and is unaffected by most chemicals. It can
be buried directly in most kinds of soil or exposed to
most corrosive atmospheres in chemical plants
without significant concern.

6 9/28/2012
 5- Since the only carrier in the fiber is light, there is no
possibility of a spark from a broken fiber. Even in the most
explosive of atmospheres, there is no fire hazard, and no
danger of electrical shock to personnel repairing broken
fibers.
6- Fiber optic cables are virtually unaffected by outdoor
atmospheric conditions, allowing them to be lashed
directly to telephone poles or existing electrical cables
without concern for extraneous signal pickup.
7- A fiber optic cable, even one that contains many fibers,
is usually much smaller and lighter in weight than a wire
or coaxial cable with similar information carrying
capacity. It is easier to handle and install, and uses less
duct space. (It can frequently be installed without ducts.)
8- Fiber optic cable is ideal for secure communications
systems because it is very difficult to tap but very easy to
monitor. In addition, there is absolutely no electrical
radiation from a fiber.

7 9/28/2012
Special reasons Telecom Egypt
These include:

- Numerous and repeated thefts of cables ( More than

100 million LE from February September 2011 ) .
- Instability run customer service and access to the form
in which unhappy.
As a result of repeated cables splices these increase the -
total loss and the network becomes less efficient.

These leads to :
1- Loss of the company a lot of money as a result of those
thefts.
2- Less efficient network.
3- Not to satisfy customers and loss of the company for
many of them.

8 9/28/2012
 So from the previous reasons, and
to catch the world recent
technology it became obvious the
need for changing copper network
cables to a fiber network cables.

But how to do
that ??!

9 9/28/2012
 We can do that using FTTx.
Technology.

1- FTTC or FTTN technology.

2- FTTH Technology.

10 9/28/2012
 FTTx. Technology.

11 9/28/2012
 FTTC or FTTN technology.

Laying of fiber cables instead of main copper cables. -

Installing of MSAN cabinets instead of existing -
cabinets.
Connecting MSAN cabinets with secondary copper -
network cables.
Pulling out of main copper cables. -

By completing MSAN cabinets deployment , do

we now achieved our goals ??

12 9/28/2012
 TECHNICAL
CHALENGES

13 9/28/2012
 We still have some challenges.

Safe power sources-

- Because we have to find that safe power supply for a
large number of cabinets ,which may not be available
for all cabinets.
Safe surrounding environments. -
Looking to the Egyptian enviroment,many of msan -
cabinets will be put in unsafe environments which may
leads to negative effects
( thefts , destruction , bad whether ).

- Also by reaching this stage we still can not fully deal

with modern communications services (broadband
technologies ),because we still use copper cables for
secondary cables network from MSAN to subscribers
Knowing that secondary cables network also not in the
best shape , and also can be stolen

14 9/28/2012
 So what is the solutions?

Now we have three main challenges.

1- The ability of fully using broadband services.
2- Finding a safe place and power supply for our LTE.
3- Minimize the coast to do these.

15 9/28/2012
 FTTH Technologies.

1- Ethernet P2P FTTH .

2- GPON FTTH.

16 9/28/2012
 Ethernet P2P Technology.

FTTx
Ethernet/MPLS Access Network
Aggregation PE-AGG
Network
Access E-FTTH
IP/MPLS Switch
Edge/core

STB
N-PE

- Direct star connectivity between POP and

subscriber
topology similar to telephone access network

- Using standard Ethernet technology (FE, GE, ...)
strand of single-mode fiber.over single

17 9/28/2012
 Benefits of Ethernet
point-to-point.

1- Simplicity.
2- Virtually unlimited bit rate per subscriber
3- Fiber is neutral with respect to transmission
technology
4- Migration to higher speeds or new
technologies on a per-customer basis.
5- Pay as you grow
6- Open Access to fiber inherently embedded in
the architecture

7- Flexible, Future Proof

18 9/28/2012
 GPON
Technology.
 GPON Definition and
Concepts.

A Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) provides

direct support of TDM and Ethernet traffic in their
native formats using the Giga bit Encapsulation
method (GEM.)

GPON also supports all Ethernet protocols as wells

as VLANS, quality and class of service, IGMP and
other layer 2+ mechanisms
,
required to accommodate various IP-based services.

GPON typically uses the Advanced Encryption

Standard (AES) for security purposes.

GPON (for 7342 FTTU FGU4.0) utilizes a 2,488 Mb/s

line rate in the downstream direction for each PON
and a 1,244 Mb/s line rate in the upstream direction.

20 9/28/2012
 GPON Topology.

Central Fiber Passive

Office or Distributi Outside
Remote on Plant
Terminal
20 km (12.4 mi.)

AWS/WAM
7342 Splitters
P-OLT
1,490 nm 2.4 Gb/s

1,310 nm 1.2 Gb/s

 GPON Elements.
2.4 Gbps ; 1.2 Gbps
AES, FEC
1:32/64 split
Optical budget: 28 dB 1 10/100 RJ45
Reach: 20 Km 2 RJ11 POTS
OLT GEM - packet based Hardened

1:32/64
split

48 Gbps
Matrix
4 GE + 1 10 G
(Reuse iSAM) 3SU per MDU
16 GPON LTs Each SU 4 VDSL, 8
(ETSI) POTS
18 GPON LTs Hardened
(ANSI)
2 PONs per LT

22
 GPON
Elements.

Increased fabric
2 times 48G
Switch
Dual GPON blade
5 Gbps
backplane
connectivity

18 Dual GPON line

cards
16 Dual GPON line
cards

Network
Redundant (48
Gbps) or
loadshared (96
Gbps)
Switch to network
4 * GE +
1* 10GE

23 9/28/2012
 What is PON?

- Created by the FSAN organization (driven by service

providers & operators); Standardized by ITU-T (A/BPON,
GPON) or IEEE (EPON)

- Bandwidth >100Mbit/s per subscriber through DBA

- PON optimized for multicast and downstream

intensive traffic

- Cost-optimized support of multiple (legacy and new)

services through various subscriber interfaces: VoIP (SIP,
H.248), video (IPTV, cable TV), data
Support of all types on in-house cabling: copper TP, CAT5,
fiber

- Real multi-service platform: in the 1st mile and in the CO

- Easy upgrade to more subscribers and higher bandwidth

- Clear migration path to NG-PON

- PON is a green technology

24 9/28/2012
 What is PON?

FTTH

Carrier Network

ONT SFU
Passive Optical
splitter
Passive Optical
splitter Metro
2.5Gbps DS MPLS / VPLS

1.25Gbps US

1:16 Optical
splitter
TDM Network

Multi-
Dwelling
Unit

FTTB

25 9/28/2012
 PON is the ideal solution to
backhaul mobile traffic

SDH
RNC
STM 1/4
Node-B/BTS

Mobile
1/10 GE core
E1/TDM
E1/TDM
Ethernet
TDMoIP

GPON is the ideal platform to backhaul mobile traffic

(from 2G to LTE).

Through built in synchronization capabilities in OLT -

Support of all relevant BTS interfaces: E1, Ethernet -
Sufficient bandwidth for LTE traffic -

26 9/28/2012
 WDM PON network .
architecture

1
FTTC
VDSL
2

1 . . . n 3 Ethernet
Central FTTC
Office
Passive
Remote
Node
n
FTTB

FTTH

9/28/2012
27
 Benefits of WDM PON
technology

1- Scalability through bit rate and protocol

independency
2- Upgrade path on a per service level
3- High degree of security and privacy
4- Simple and straightforward network planning
5- Geographical flexibility with long reach capability
6- Architecture supporting open access networking
7- Standard Ethernet technology and inter-working

28 9/28/2012
 WDM PON options.

1- Power splitters vs. filters in remote node

2- Lambda grid options DWDM, CWDM,
3- Bit rate per wavelength 1G, 2G5, 4G3, 10G
4- Colored or colorless ONU design
5- Underlying TDM scheme for high fan out
6- Protection options for highest availability
7- Optional amplification for extended reach

29 9/28/2012
 FTTU System Configuration.

OLT: Optical Line Terminal

Central Office OPP: Optical Patch Panel Customer Premises
FTP: Fiber Termination Panel
S: Splice Case

OLT
ONT
OPP
PON
Distribution
Customer Premises
Cables
FTP

S S S S Dist.
Splitter ONT
Cabinet Cabinet

Fiber Drop
64+ Cable
32+
Fiber Cables
Fiber Cable
(PON Distribution)
(Feeder)

Feeder Distribution

30 9/28/2012
 FTTU/GPON Standards
Overview

The major groups involved in developing requirements for FTTU/PON

systems include the following:

1- Full Service Access Network (FSAN) initiative group, comprised of

several major telecommunications carriers .

2- International Telecommunications Union-Telecom Sector (ITU-T), the

primary body concerned with developing global standards.

3- The Fiber-to-the-Home Council, which provides a forum for parties

interested in accelerating FTTU system deployment.

The FSAN group has developed and continues to update the Full
Service Access Networ Requirements Specification

The most pertinent recommendations from the ITU-T include:

G.984.1 Service Requirements

G.984.2 Physical Medium Dependant (PMD) Layer
G.984.3 Transmission Convergence (TC) Layer
G.984.4 OMCI

31 9/28/2012
Trained teams at districts
sectors for the operation
and maintenance of
networks and fiber cables.

32 9/28/2012
 Trained teams at
districts sectors for
the operation and
maintenance of
networks and fiber
cables.
33 9/28/2012
 - We made a program to
train Colleagues working
in all areas and sectors so
wish from outside and are
ready, God willing, for the
implementation of
tomorrow, and this
program is as follows:

34 9/28/2012
Optical Fiber Principles.
( Level 2 ).
Prepared By.
ENG.\ SHOKRI ELGEBALI

2012
1- GM 2 Days.
2- CM 3 Days.
3- Technicians 5 Days.

TELECOM EGYPT
Optical Fiber Splicing.
( Level 2 ).
Prepared By.
ENG.\ SHOKRI ELGEBALI

2012
1- GM 2 Days.
2- CM 3 Days.
3- Technicians 5
Days.
TELECOM EGYPT
Optical Fiber Cables
Testing &
Characterization ( L2 ).
Prepared By.
ENG.\ SHOKRI ELGEBALI

2012

TELECOM EGYPT
 CIVIL
CHALENGES

38 9/28/2012
 TRADITIONAL
CIVIL
WORKS

39 9/28/2012
Technical Site Survey (TSS).

- TSS is very essential part of network

construction to identify the nature of the
land the network will be constructed in, to
decide FOC routing and type of civil work
(Direct buried & conduit system, direction
drilling ...etc)
The purpose of a site survey identifies
ownership of the land that will accommodate
the network, Specify the governmental
agencies need to coordinate with
(Municipalities, MOT, MOI ...etc), addition to
that to identify the method of installation,
type of equipment, ... which be reflected in
PIP ( Project Implementation Plan )
 Site Engineering and Design.

With dedicated planning and design Engineers will -

have better network construction.

- All implementation plans should communicate

the considerations noted during the site survey to
the installation team.

- This includes the Specification of trenches, using

tools, logistics of cable let-off/pulling equipment,
the location of intermediate access points, splice
locations, test specifications and the specific
responsibilities of each member of the installation
team.
 Civil Work..

- Provide realistic Project Implementation Plan

(PIP) reflect deliverables, millstones up to
acceptance and handover to customer.

- Excavation (Soil, Rocky area, Culverts & Wadis

and Thrust bores)
Conduit and micro-duct and manhole installation
by open trench and/or trenchless technology
methods, manhole installation either precast, cast
in site-, or rebuilt.
- Buried cable installation using open trench, mole
plough , plowing, and trenchless technology
methods.

- Restoration of all types, including concrete,

blacktop, liquid asphalt, oil and chip, and pre-
coated aggregate.
 Trenching
Technologies.
TRADITIONAL
TRENCHERS.
 Conventional Trenching Services.

- In places
were
horizontal
directional
trenching is
not possible
due to
various
circumstance
s, manual
trenching is
done due to
which all the
optical fiber
cables are
laid even in
the remotest
of places.
Inside City Trencher..
Long Distance Trencher..
Direct buried Cables..
 MICRO
TRENCHING
&
MICRO
TRENCHERS.
 Micro Trenching.

- Micro-trenched networks are engineered to

avoid interfering with key utilities, and
construction drawings registered with the
city detail precisely where they are installed.
-
- They are generally smaller and more flexible -
than traditional conduits and can be easily
extracted and moved (while live) or left in place
and trenched under.

- To ensure that the network can be located -

quickly and easily, tracer wire is installed in the
channel or in the slot cut.
And because the networks are close to the -
surface, moving them is simple.
 Micro Trenching.

Micro-trenched conduits are placed well out

of the way of roadway resurfacing crews,
which generally remove only the top 2 inches
of material from the
surface during construction.
- Depths are usually specified by the
municipality and micro-trenched networks
may be installed well below
the depth needed for resurfacing.
 Micro Trenching.

- Micro-trenched networks are no more prone

to vandalism than any other telecom
infrastructure.
. It would be a significant challenge for a vandal
to get at a micro-trenched conduit
that is buried under 6 inches of asphalt or
concrete far less of a challenge than
dumping 10 gallons of diesel fuel down a
traditional manhole and setting it ablaze.
CATV Micro Trenching.
Micro Trenching Now.
 Capex

Capex : -
(or Capital Expenditure) is a business expense -
incurred to create future benefits .
- Capital expenditures are expenditures -
creating future benefits.

59 9/28/2012
 Opex

OpEx On the other hand, those expenditures

required for the day-to-day functioning of the
business, like operation and maintenance ( O & M )
and repairs fall under the category of Opex
(operational expenditure).
 What about OPEX?
Issue Point-to-Point PON
Resource Simple: dedicated Complex: shared
planning in fiber medium,
access / subscribers
engineering rules mutually
dependent, # of
customers on tree
varies
Fiber Simple: failure Complex: location
troubleshooting uniquely located of failure behind
through reflection splitter difficult to
measurements identify
Encryption key Not needed Required
management

Bandwidth / Simple: can be done Complex:

technology on a per-customer replacement of all
upgrade basis active equipment
at once or
wavelength
overlay
Connecting a new Patch at ODF and Config of OLT
subscriber config of switch,
compensated by initial
capex savings
Outage after cable Longer in the feeder Shorter in the
break part (more fibers to feeder part (less
61 splice), shorter in the fibers to splice),
9/28/2012
drop part (easier longer in the drop
diagnostics) part (difficult
 Systems Evaluation.

Technical
ETTx GPON Comments
Requirement
VoIP/POTS, video,
Residential services handle multicast

OAM tools
Both provide same
Bandwidth availability possibilities
Important for
Bandwidth flexibility business services
Including existing
Support of existing infra. building infra.

QoS & SLA guarantee

Natural support of
Service protection Ethernet rings
Ethernet support
TDM and legacy support through CES

Cost
Integrated with
CapEx Ethernet rings

OpEx

Total evaluation

9/28/2012
Thanks a lot.