Listening Diary

Tedtalk: What does it mean to be a refugee?

New vocabulary
To escape persecution: hostility and ill-treatment because of race or
political or religious
Internally displaced person: designating a person who has been forced
to move within his or her own country because of conflict, natural disaster
and etc.
Well-founded of fears: (especially of a suspicion) based on good
evidence or reasons.
Sexual exploitation: the action of fact of treating somebody unfairly in
order to benefit from their work.
Most refugee journeys are perilous: full of danger or risk
People who are evading conflict: escape or avoid (someone or
something), especially by guile.
This separation can be traumatic: deeply disturbing or distressing.

Summary
Approximately 60 million have been forced to leave their home to escape war
and violation. Those people stay their countries or cross a border to seek a
safety place. They are commonly referred to refugees. The definition of
refugees was established during the Second World War. The persecution can
be caused by various factors, such as political reasons, religious issues, and
war and violence. Most of refugees across a border unsafety ways including
relying on smugglers. A large number of refugees are commonly in the
unequal situation, such as inadequate education for children, limited work
and discrimination, although they are victims.

Tedtalk: How to grow fresh air by Kamal Meattle

New vocabulary
We have to grow in manure: animal dung for fertilizing land, artificial
fertilizer
We had to grow them in vermi manure, which is sterile, or hydroponics:
too poor to produce seeds or fruits
Hydroponics: the process of growing plants adding nutrients without soil
Preferably grows in hydroponics: if possible
Volatile chemicals: easily evaporated
There is a reduced incidence of eye irritation by 52 percent, respiratory
systems by 34 percent: [formal or technical] relating to breathing or your
lungs

Summary
The three plants can release enough air for our health. The study of the plants
shows that 42% of patients, who stayed the building in which grew those
three plants, increased air in their blood. 24%-headache. Using those three
plants results in 20% of increase in human productivity and reduction of
energy requirements in building by 15%. It is important for environment
because the world of energy requirements are projected to increase by 30 %.
The functions of the three plants, which create air, are 52% less eye irritation,
34% lower incidence of respiratory issues. 24% fewer headaches, 9% less
asthma.
Tedtalk: The danger of a single story by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
New vocabularies
Kinky hair: [informal] Involving to unusual sexual behavior
Stirred my imagination: Move a spoon in order to mix it
I was startled: feel sudden shock
Her default position toward me: fail to fulfil an obligation
Patronise: apparent kindness which betrays a feeling of superiority
at achieving something called African authenticity: quality of true
Fleecing the healthcare system: [informal] charge person too much
money for something
Incredible resilience of people: ability to be strong after difficult situation
Stories can break the dignity of a people : calm, serious and controlled
behavior that makes people respect you

Summary
The speaker, who is writer, presents that the single story can be dangerous
because the fact is hidden behind itself. The speaker argues that it is
dangerous to judge things from one concept, such as poor image of Africa. For
instance, the speakers roommate had a single story of Africa that they were
poor and suffering from disease so that they are waiting white mans help.
The speaker also had a single story of poor African family and Mexico. Single
story create stereotype, and it is commonly not true and incomplete. Her
claims that stories have a great influence, and there is a need to be wide
range of stories. Stories is capable of breaking the dignity of people but is of
repairing the broken dignity.
Tedtalk: Do schools kill creativity? by Sir Ken Robinson
New vocabulary
They will pin you to the wall: they probably will not escape from you
We have vested interest: a reason for wanting to do because you will
gain from it
Despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days: to
be shown in public
My contention is that: [formal] strong opinion
They just went out of sequence: the order of happening something, ex)
in sequence, out of sequence
We stigmatise mistakes: describe as great disapproval
What a seamless transition that was: made so smoothly that you cannot
say where thing stops
Truthfully,: honestly
Gets /score / earn all the brownie points: to get a prize by doing
something good
Education is then disembodied: separated from a body
Writhing: twist body side to side violently
The brain isn't divided into compartments.: a smaller enclosed space in
which inside something larger
She was fidgeting.: to keep moving your hands or feet
Summary
The speaker criticized the present public education which educates people
out of creative capacities. He also described the purpose of the system as
creating university professors. According to the speaker, there is a hierarchy
of subjects in the education system. His claim is that children who are not
good at top subjects, which are mathematics and language, are being out of
the education system, and the low subjects, which are music and arts, are
also important. The school in the present education system teach children
that mistakes are the worst thing you can make. It is important to see our
creative capacities for the richness and our children for the hope.
Tedtalk: Your body language shapes who you are by Amy Cuddy
New vocabulary
Life-hack: [informal] a strategy adopted in order to manage daily
activities in a more efficient way
The physician will be sued: to make a legal claim against someone,
especially for money
Gubernatorial race outcomes: the position of a governor
Congenital blindness: a congenital quality that has always been part of
someones character, and it unlikely to change
People who are like caricatures of alphas: a funny description of
someone or something and makes them seem silly
Physiologically, there also are differences on : in a way that relates to
the functions of living organisms
I don't want to feel like an impostor.: someone who pretends to be
someone in order to trick people
Feel like a fraud: someone that is not what they claim to be
You actually become it and internalize: Make attitudes of one's nature by
learning
Summary
The speaker claims that body language affects how other people see us but it
also involve how we see ourselves. Taking power posing just two minutes can
provide confident even the situations in which people do not have confident.
She also argues that faking self-confident until you actually become it,
although some people feel like an imposter. For instance, when she was at
Harvard, she thought herself as not being supposed to be here because her
IQ dropped by two standard deviations caused by accident. However, as
faking herself confident, it actually became her.
Tedtalk: A kinder, gentler philosophy of success by Alain de Botton
New vocabularies
Start to diverge so painfully: develop in different ways
Snobbery is a uniquely British phenomenon fixated on country: attitudes
that show you think you are better than other people
Snobbery is a uniquely British phenomenon fixated on country: always
thinking or talking about one particular thing
We're often told that we live in very materialistic times: concerned only
with money rather than mind such as arts
The ranks of the French aristocracy: the people who are traditionally
highest social class
(low) self-esteem: the feeling of being satisfied with your own abilities
Everyone encourages the idea of a meritocracy: a social system that
gives the greatest power with the people who have high ability
It's exhilarating if you're doing well: making you feel happy
Secularist: people who believe that a system of social organization that
does not allow religion to influence the government
There's another source of solace: [formal] a feeling of emotional comfort
at a time of disappointment
They would seize the bare bones of certain stories: essential elements of
 something
We become more nuanced: characterized by subtle shades of meaning
A strong element of the haphazard: happening in a way that is not
planned

Summary
The speaker presents idea of success and failure, and how to judge those. In
the modern society, career has been seen as a judgement of the status.
Snobby is global phenomenon, anybody who can take a small part of you, and
use it to make you like this. We live in material time now, however, we want
to the rewards but not materials themselves. The envy can be seen as
dominant emotion, however, people do not envy who are not close or relate
us. Meritocracy also leads to making us anxious. He criticized meritocratic
society, and claims that we should make sure our own success.
Tedtalk: Bring on the learning revolution! by Sir Ken Robinson
New vocabulary
the great utilitarian philosopher: design to be useful
They endure it rather than enjoy it.: suffer patiently
the tyranny of common sense: cruel and unfair government
The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present: set
of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true
We must disenthrall ourselves: set free.
It was humiliating because he said it in front of the whole class: make
someone feel ashamed
really felt dreadful: extremely unpleasant
we ought to reject conformity: Compliance with standards, law
he was bewailing the fact that he couldn't really give her what he
thought she wanted from him: to express deep sadness
heavens' embroidered cloths,: adding fictitious to (an account) to make
it more interesting
Summary
The speaker presents importance of revolution of education rather than
evolution of education because the present educational system is not helpful
to find childrens talents. Moreover, he argues that we are fixed on the idea
that education is only one line, such as enrolling a good university. There is a
wide range of human talents and is a need to transform the educational
system which is capable of human flourishing by organic process.
Ted talks: How to gain control of your free time by Laura Vanderkam
New vocabulary
Occasional tardiness: occurring irregularly
Being extremely judicious in microwave usage: showing and having
good judgement or sense
this idea has it completely backward: having made less progress than is
normal or expected , ex) A backward agriculture country
this makes me even more intrigued: arouse the curiosity and interest
Tardiness: lateness
going on about how amazing everyone in the household is, or even more
scintillating: shining brightly
Summary
The speaker presents the importance of use own time. Most people
overestimate our commitments each week, while underestimating the time
we have to ourselves. It is important to identify the order of priority what we
want to. Friday afternoon, which economists call low cost opportunity, can be
put in a three category of priority list: career, relationships, self. Finally, the
speaker argues that small moments is a great power, such as reading book in
a bus, meditating and praying at break time.
There are 168 hours in a week. 40houts for working, 56h for sleeping,
72hours for other things.
25th Nov, Tedtalk: Can we all "have it all"? by Anne-Marie Slaughter
I tried on the idea of eking out another two years in Washington: make
an amount or supply of something
I have always acted on the mantra: s statement or slogan repeated
frequently.
We can decide to be a breadwinner, a caregiver, or any combination of
the two.: the member of a family who earns the money to support the
others
Caregiver: author (North America)
more important in a high-speed, horizontal, networked global economy:
flat and level
we used to luxuriate in the culture of siesta: to relax and enjoy
something
Prestige: the respect and admiration that someone or something gets
because of their success
scratching ones heads: to think hard about something
They can walk a baby or soothe a toddler: to make someone feel calmer
toddler: a very young child
Summary
The speaker built a great career, however, she found difficulties in consistent
with career and as being a mother and wife. Throughout spending with her
family, she reconfirmed the equality between men and women. She claims
that the equality between men and women should not be judged by same
way. It can be said that judging women by criteria of men is unequal. It is
essential to consider that womens traditional work is need to be emphasis on
as well as men work. It is also important to change the culture of working
place in order to create wide range of choices for both men and women.
Tedtalk: New data on the rise of women by Hanna Rosin
New vocabulary
so deeply ingrained in our culture: ingrained attitudes or behaviour are
firmly established, ex) deeply ingrained
Polarization of the Economy: division into two sharply contrasting
groups
women's representation in politics stagnating: to stop developing
cascading effects: a small steep waterfall that is one of several together
ex) cascading effect
entrepreneurship: the activity of setting up a business
They basically enshrined the second-class status of women: [formal]
preserve (a right, tradition, or idea) in a form that ensures it will be
protected
we have the perpetual adolescent: changing, occurring repeatedly
misanthrope: a person who dislikes humankind
couch potato: [informal] A person who takes little or no exercise and
watches a lot of television
antagonistic relationship with one another: feeling active opposition
towards someone or something
 the men are these devious tricksters up there: deceiving people in order
to get what you want
tricksters: a person who cheats or deceives people
put up this glass ceiling: An unacknowledged barrier to advancement in
a profession, especially affecting women
Summary
The speaker shows the data that more women is getting to get good salary
and girls are required to have in particular places and regions. This change
has been changed by economic growth. Thus, the occupation of service
economy and creative economy have increased, and the women are better at
acquiring the new set of skills than men.

Tedtalk: A feminine response to Iceland's financial crash by Halla

Tmasdttir
New vocabulary
testosterone: the hormone (=chemical produced by the body) in males
that gives them their male qualities
a bit fed-up with this world: [informal] annoyed, unhappy, or bored
Raised quite a few eyebrows: it causes you to feel surprised or
disapproving
Contenders: a person or group competing with others to achieve
something
she had one of her male contenders allude to the fact that: call attention
to indirectly
Summary
The speaker presents about the financial firm which is established by her and
Kristin just over before the Irelands economic crisis because the financial
relation has arguably been dominant by men. She believed that their way of
doing business would be sustainable. Her company has wide range of
definition of profits than just the economic profit, will not invest in things we
dont understand, and also believes in straight-talking so that they tell bad
things even no one want to utter it. The womens feature of sustainability
leads to interesting investment opportunities.
Tedtalk: Invest in Africa's own solutions by Jacqueline Novogratz
New vocabularies
my nemesis in high school,: a long-standing rival; an arch-enemy
And I was so humiliated and mortified: cause (someone) to feel very
embarrassed or ashamed
I immediately ran home to my mother and chastised her: reprimand
severely
the hideous sweater: Extremely ugly
we threw the sweater away somewhat ceremoniously: relating or
appropriate to grand and formal occasions
the level of connectedness that we all have on this Earth.: the state of
being connected
Unwed mothers: unmarried
The bakery was completely wiped out: to wipe out something such as a
place or a group of people or animals means to destroy them completely
mini-blueprints for how we might do that in water: an early plan or
design that explains how something might be achieved
ethnic strife: violent or angry disagreement
certainly palpable movement inside Rwanda: so obvious that it can
 easily be seen
we were seeing a shift in zeitgeist: the general spirit or feeling of a
period in history
If you aggregate it, it's the third largest economy on Earth: form or
group into a class, to combine into a single group
people really don't want handouts: a quantity of financial or other
material aid given to a person or organization
Summary
Speaker presents how we connect to developing countries and the
importance of business model there because it is important to resolve
problems by own. In African countries, she has developed the great important
resources which is women. For instance, one of women established the way to
sell the mosquito nets to poor family, which was creation of the values of the
nets. Having those nets can be a status which the family is able to save their
childrens lives.
Tedtalk: The "bottom billion" by Paul Collier
New vocabularies
compassionate plan for closing the gap: sympathetic pity and concern
for the sufferings]
enlightened self-interest: practice of furthering one's own interests while
simultaneously benefiting others
waterfront: a part of a town that borders the sea or a lake or river
if that economic divergence continues for another 40 years, combined
with social integration: the process or state of diverging,
it's hunky dory, but the long run, it's humpty dumpty : [informal ]going
well
humpty dumpty: a person or thing that once overthrown cannot be
restored
the question is, are the bottom billion above or below that threshold?: a
point of entry or beginning
You know how rights to resource extraction are being sold at the
moment: the action of extracting something
Collier is not charismatic: exercising a compelling charm which inspires
devotion in others
The cost of promulgating international rules is zilch: to make a new law
come into effect by announcing it officially

Summary
The speaker presents about the bottom billion which a billion people are have
been suffered to live in economies and how to give them credible. He
suggests the alliance of compassion because a billion people are living the
societies which do not have it, and self-interest because if that economic
divergence continues for another 40 years, it will affect our future children.
He points out resource curse which has short effect but is unlikely to continue
for countries that do not have the initial level of governance.
Moreover, democracy does have significant effects, however, they're adverse
unfortunately. His proposal is that some international standards has been
created, which will be voluntary, but which release the key decisions that
need to be taken in order to take these resource revenues.
Tedtalk: Global population growth, box by box by Hans Rosling
New vocabularies
 Taxonomy of the world: the process or a system of organizing things into
different groups that show their natural relationships,
A staggering four billion people have been added to the world
population: extremely great or surprising
They get soap, hygiene, education, vaccination, penicillin and then
family planning: the practice of keeping yourself
They will also forge forwards economically: to develop something new
I'm not an optimist, neither am I a pessimist: someone who always
expects that bad things will happen
Alleviate poverty: difficult to deal with

Summary
The speaker presets how the world population has been changed and in the
future. From 1960 to 2010, a huge number of four million people increased.
Economic growth also significantly increased in developed countries so that it
is capable of buying cars and useful stuffs, although two billion people were
struggling to live and the condition of life was not changed 50 years ago.
Despite of stopping population growth, a number of people who live with poor
is projected to increase. In order to stop the world population, childrens
survival rate should be continue to 90%.
Ted talk: New rules for rebuilding a broken nation by Paul Collier
New vocabularies
Well, the conventional approach to post-conflict situations has rested on
three principles. : feeling healthier, stronger, or calmer because you have
had time to relax
That will produce a legitimate and accountable government: responsible
for the effects of your actions and willing to explain or be criticized for
them
Conventional approach : has been used for a long time and is
considered the usual type
Zero-sum game: a situation in which you receive as much money
If the reality is that prosperity is being built: when people have money
and everything that is needed for a good life
Because during conflict economic policy typically deteriorates. : to
become worse
The chickens have come home to roost. : used to say that someones
bad or dishonest actions in the past have caused the problems that they
have now
It's to split the functions of a monopoly line ministry up into three. : if a
company or government has a monopoly of a business or political
activity, it has complete control of it so that other organizations cannot
compete with it
There has been a sort of a schizophrenia in the donor community : a
serious mental illness in which someones thoughts are not based on
what is happening
What might the bottlenecks be? : a place in a road where the traffic
cannot pass easily
would shift from the crooked to the honest : twisted, or not in a straight
line
we know that there aren't the budget systems with integrity: the quality
of being honest
But also provide a lot of scrutiny: thorough examination of someone or
 something
It would shift from a politics of plunder to a politics of hope. : to steal
large amounts of money or property from somewhere
Summary
The speaker presents post conflict recovery and how we might do post
conflict recovery better. 40 percent of post conflict situations are going to
back conflict situations within decades. Three principals used historically are:
politics matters, short time of peacekeeping and election for peacekeepers to
exist. The speaker suggests two complimentary approaches which recognize
the independence of three actors: the Security Council, donors and post
conflict governments. The speakers also suggests to have a standard set of
norms: jobs for young men, improvement of social services, and clean
government. That after 10 years, the focus on the construction sector would
have produced both jobs and, hence, security because young people would
have jobs and it would have reconstructed the infrastructure.
Tedtalk: How to learn? From mistakes by Diana Laufenberg
We really see the advent of the Internet. : the arrival of a notable person
or thing
had to change my tactic: An action to achieve a specific end
really had this robust experiential learning: vigorous
An example of a gentleman who singularly used his life to do something
positive. : in a remarkable or noticeable way
You are willing to let go of some of the paradigms of the past: a pattern
or model
That can be properly bubbled on the average multiple choice test. : form
rising bubbles of gas or air.
The educational landscape with an infatuation : an intense but short-
lived passion for someone or something
We decided to do at the end of the year responding to the oil spill: an
escape of oil into the sea
Summary
The speaker points out that access to information became much easier and
closer than before, and suggests how to teach children the environment
where a lot of information exists. When she taught American government in
Kansas, she allowed to them to learn themselves by putting on an election
forum for their own community. In Arizona, she asked students to produce a
little movie about how use your life to do something positive. It was the most
awesome moment that when you ask kids to use their own voice and ask
them to speak for themselves. She criticized the educational landscape with
the culture of one right answer. To ask them to always have the right answer
doesn't allow them to learn. It is wrong to see education as coming to school
to get the information and not about experience, empowering student voice
and embracing failure.