Chapter 3

3.1 INTERNET

- Basic Communication
-What is the internet
- Web browser
- The world wide web
- Internet Addresses
- Email
Ahmad Mujahid Ubaidillah Zakaria
FIS
mujahid@mahsa.edu.my
 Learning Objectives
Explain the significance of the Internet
Explain what is needed to get on the internet
Describe how to search the internet
Describe the various types of e-commerce
3.1.1 Basic Communication

SENDER RECEIVER
Transmission medium

Wire Networking Wireless

Types of communication way
1. SIMPLEX
Used to describe a communications channel that can only
ever carry a signal in one direction, like a one-way street. E.g :
Television

One direction

2. HALF- DUPLEXS
Two way transmissions of data, but one
direction at a time. E.g : walkie-talkie

Two way but one direction at a time

In contrast, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex device

because only one party can transmit at a time.
3. FULL DUPLEXS
Refers to the transmission of data in two directions
simultaneously. E.g : Telephone is a full-duplex device
because both parties can talk at once.
3.1.2 What is the internet
The Internet is a global network of interconnected
computers, enabling users to share information
along multiple channels.
Also called the Net, is a worldwide collection of
networks that links millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions and
individuals.
Each of the networks on the internet provides
resources that add to the abundance of goods,
services, and information accessible via the internet.
Internet services : World Wide Web
: E-mail
: Chat rooms
: Newsgroups
History of INTERNET

ARPANET was the network that became the basis for the
Internet. Based on a concept first published in 1967,
ARPANET was developed under the direction of the U.S.
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).
In 1969, the idea became a modest reality with the
interconnection of four university computers. The initial
purpose was to communicate with and share computer
resources among mainly scientific users at the connected
institutions.
Some Basic Internet Definition

Arpanet - The precursor to the Internet.

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The
de facto world wide standard code for alphanumeric characters.
Blacklist - Describes inappropriate advertisers on Usenet
newsgroups and via junk E-mail.
Browser - A program that is specifically used to look at various
WWW resources.
Client - Any computer that makes use of services available from
other computers.
Some Basic Internet Definition
Domain Name - A unique name that identifies an Internet
site. The name always has two or more parts separated by
a dot. The last part of the name identifies the site ( i.e. Gov
for government, edu for education, com for commercial,
or net for network). An electronic street address.
E-mail - Messages, usually text, sent from one person to
another via a computer.
Fire Wall - A combination of hardware and software that
separates a LAN into two or more parts for security
purposes.
Some Basic Internet Definition
Host - A computer or software package which provides a specific
kind of service to other computers. One that is seen by other
computers on the Internet.
LAN - Local Area Network. Several computers located in the same
physical location which are connected together in order to share
information and services.
Modem - A device that allows a computer to use a phone line to
communicate with another computer.
Protocol - The rules of conduct which enables a computer to
communicate with another computer.
PPP - A protocol that allows a computer to use a telephone line and
a modem to make TCP/IP connections.
Some Basic Internet Definition
A host, more commonly known today as a server,
is any computer that provides services and
connections to other computers on a network.

Hosts often use high-speed communication to

transfer data and messages over a network.

Many home and small business users are opting

for higher-speed Internet connections through
DSL(Digital Subcriber Line), cable television
networks, radio signals or satellite.
Some Basic Internet Definition
Server - Any computer that makes services
available to other computers.
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol. This is the protocol which defines the
Internet.
URL - Uniform Resource Locator. A unique name
that identifies an Internet site.
WWW - World Wide Web. The universe of
hypertext servers.
3.1.3 Web browser

A web browser is a software application which

enables a user to display and interact with text,
images, videos, music, games and other
information typically located on a web page at a
website on the World Wide Web
In normal use, web browsers, such as Internet
Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and Netscape, access
web pages and allow users to navigate from one
to another via hyperlinks.
 Search Engine
A Web Search Engine is designed to search for information
on the World Wide Web.
The search results are generally presented in a line of
results often referred to as search engine results pages
(SERPs).
The information may be a specialist in web pages, images,
information and other types of files.
For example: Google, Bing.etc.
Comparison
Popular search engine : Popular Web Portal :
- Google -Yahoo!
 Access Providers
An access provider is a business that provides individuals and
companies access to the internet free or for a fee.

Q: What does bandwidth have to do with Internet Access?

A: Bandwidth is a measure of how fast data and information
travel over transmission media. Thus, higher-speed
broadband Internet Connections have a higher bandwidth
than dial-up connections.
Internet Setting
Go to Start Click Control Panel
Click Network and Internet Connections

The window show you all the info that related with internet setting
 3.1.4 World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is a huge set of
interlinked documents, images and other
resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
These hyperlinks and URLs allow the web
servers and other machines that store
originals, and cached copies of, these
resources to deliver them as required using
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTTP is
only one of the communication protocols used
on the Internet.
What is the difference between
the World Wide Web and the
Internet?
The World Wide Web (The Web) is only a portion of what
makes up the internet, but it is the fastest growing part of
the internet. The Web lets people, organizations and
companies publish information for other people to see. This
makes the Web a very useful tool for finding information on
just about any topic.
The Web is a large number of computer documents or
"Web pages" that are stored on computers around the
world and are connected to one another using hyperlinks.
These Web pages can be seen by anyone through their
computer's "Web Browser," which is the program you are
using now.
However, the Internet and the World Wide
Web are not one and the same. The Internet is
a global data communications system. It is a
hardware and software infrastructure that
provides connectivity between computers. In
contrast, the Web is one of the services
communicated via the Internet. It is a
collection of interconnected documents and
other resources, linked by hyperlinks and
URLs.
3.1.5 Internet Addresses
The internet relies on an addressing system much
like the postal service to send to a computer at a
specific destination.
An IP address, short for Internet Protocol Address, is
a number that uniquely identifies each computer or
device connected to the Internet.
Domain name is the text version of an IP address.

IP address 216.239.39.99 (might change in future)

Domain name www.google.com
Original Top-Level Types of Domain
Domains
.com Commercial
organizations, business
and companies
.edu Educational institutions
.gov Government Agencies
.mil Military organizations
.net Network provider
.org Nonprofit organizations
3.1.6 E-mail
The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a
way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of
the Internet. Even today it can be important to distinguish between
Internet and internal e-mail systems.

Task : Create your own email and email to :

mujahid@mahsa.edu.my
- make sure write down your name & student id

Good Luck!
Health Web Sites
Medical History URL
Aetna InteliHealth intelihealth.com
GlobalMedic globalmedic.com
PersonalMD personalmd.com
WebMD Health my.webmd.com/ my_health_record
General Health URL
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/
Familydoctor.org familydoctor.org
Health finder www.healthfinder.gov
Medical Library Association Consumer and caphis.mlanet.org/consumer
Patient Health Information Section (CAPHIS)
MedlinePlus medlineplus.gov
PE Central pecentral.org/websites/healthsites.html
www.health.gov health.gov
 3.2 E-Commerce
- Definition
- Advantages & Disadvantages
- Payment Systems
 E-Commerce E-Business

buying and selling goods to bring and retain customers

and products over and educate them online about
internet. the product or service is e-
subset of E-Business : business
involve monetary as the digital enablement of
transactions transactions and process
To sell online is e- within a firm, involving
commerce information systems under the
control of the firm.
much broader term
trading/paying for
goods electronically business operations
themselves
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN E-COMMERCE
AND TRADITIONAL COMMERCE

The major difference is the way information is exchanged and processed:

Traditional commerce:
face-to-face, telephone lines , or mail systems
manual processing of traditional business transactions
individual involved in all stages of business transactions

E-Commerce:
using Internet or other network communication technology
automated processing of business transactions
individual involved in all stages of transactions
pulls together all activities of business transactions, marketing
and advertising as well as service and customer support
Advantages and Disadvantages
ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE
A business can reduce the costs by using electronic commerce in its
sales support and order-taking processes.
Electronic commerce increases sale opportunities for the seller.
Electronic commerce increases purchasing opportunities for the
buyer.

DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE
Some business processes are difficult to be implemented through
electronic commerce.
Return-on-investment is difficult to apply to electronic commerce.
Businesses face cultural and legal obstacles to conducting electronic
commerce.
PAYMENT SYSTEMS
TYPES OF PAYMENTS SYSTEMS

Cash: legal tender defined by a national authority to

represent value

Checking transfer : funds transferred directly via a

signed draft or check from a consumers checking
account to a merchant or other individual

Credit card : aside from credit cards, there are also a

number of new forms of payments that have been
attempted: these include digital wallet and digital cash
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html