UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

PGT 205
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

LAB 1 :
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC DESIGN
AUTOMATION (SIGNAL TRANSFORMATION)
/COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (EDA/CAD) SOFTWARE
APPLICATION
 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

LABORATORY OUTCOMES
1) Ability to describe the concept of signals and systems on an EDA/CAD software tool.
2) Ability to construct a simple system and apply on the EDA/CAD tool.
3) Ability to demonstrate the desired simulation waveform for a system.
4) Ability to analyze the system created on the EDA/CAD tool.

EQUIPMENTS/COMPONENTS
Computer Unit with Microsoft Windows Operating System.
MATLABTM scientific software.

INTRODUCTION
Mathematical Modeling Signals and systems are simply as mathematical object representations that
describe the physical world observe around us. It is concerned with the development of different
forms of mathematical equations (signals) that can be used to represent a system. Figure 1.1 shows
the relationship between signals and systems.

x(t) H or h(t) y(t)

Figure 1.1: Signals and system block diagram

Mathematical modeling development and study can be further enhanced by the use of computational
simulation software. MATLAB, Scilab, and LabVIEW are certain popular software that engineers
used today to study the behaviors of signals and systems and even create newer kinds of signals.
MATLAB is an industrial standard scientific software package for numerical computations providing
a powerful computing environment for engineering and scientific applications. It is capable of
interactive calculations as well as automations of computations through programming. A key feature
of MATLAB is the ability to handle vectors and matrices. Throughout the semester, this application
software will be used for students to analyze and synthesize the mathematical techniques on the
systems for processing signals. This laboratory exercise is to help students with some basic

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 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

MATLAB syntax commands. Mastering the basic steps will allow students to convert more complex
functions on their own.

EXERCISE QUESTIONS

Q 1.1 Plot the following signals on the same graph using subplot, xlabel, ylabel, grid, and
legend commands
(i) x(t) = cos (10 t + sin (t)), = 5, 10 0 t 1 for 1000 points vectors

1 1
beta=5 beta=10
0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2
x(t)

x(t)

0 0

-0.2 -0.2

-0.4 -0.4

-0.6 -0.6

-0.8 -0.8

-1 -1
0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1
t t

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 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

(ii) x(t) = sin (10 t + A ( t/4) ) , A = 5, 10

1 1
alpha=5 alpha=10
0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2
x(t)

x(t)
0 0

-0.2 -0.2

-0.4 -0.4

-0.6 -0.6

-0.8 -0.8

-1 -1
0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1
t t

Q 1.2 Consider the signal

x(t) = A sin (t) + B sin (wt + )
set f = 50; A = 3 ; B = 8 ; 0 t 1 for 100 points vectors
(Hint: Use linspace command)
(i) Write a .m-file to plot this signal.
(ii) Investigate the waveforms obtained by varying the phase as = 0, 2, and 4.

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 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

10
theta=0

x(t)
0

-10
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t
10
theta=2*pi
x(t)

-10
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t
10
theta=4*pi
x(t)

-10
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t

Q 1.3 This exercise examines the properties of the exponential and sinusoidal signals in
both continuous and discrete forms.
(a) The Continuous Signal, () = 2
(i) For values of a equal to 0.5,1.0 and 1.5, plot the corresponding
signals all on the same graph using a timescale -3 to +3.

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 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

9 45 200
a=0.5 a=1.0 a=1.5
8 40 180

160
7 35
140
6 30
120
5 25

x(t)

x(t)

x(t)
100
4 20
80
3 15
60

2 10
40

1 5 20

0 0 0
-5 0 5 -5 0 5 -5 0 5
t t t

(ii) Repeat (i) for values of a equal to -0.5,-1.0 and -1.5, again using the
time scale -3 to +3.

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 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

9 45 200
a=-0.5 a=-1.0 a=-1.5
8 40 180

160
7 35
140
6 30
120
5 25

x(t)

x(t)

x(t)
100
4 20
80
3 15
60

2 10
40

1 5 20

0 0 0
-5 0 5 -5 0 5 -5 0 5
t t t

(b) The Discrete Signal, [] = 2 with T = 0.25

(i) For values of a equal to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, plot the corresponding
signals using the command stem over a range of n from n = -12 to
n = +12. Use subplot to show the three plots on one screen and for
comparison purposes to use the same vertical scales by use of axis

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 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

10
a=0.5

x(n)
5

0
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
n
50
x(n) a=1.0

0
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
n
200
a=1.5
x(n)

100

0
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
n

(c)

(i) Plot the exponentially damped sinusoidal signal

() = sin(0 + ) () where = 100; 0 = 10; = 0; = 5
using a timescale 0 to 1 with an increment of 0.001.

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 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

80
A=100, w0=10*pi, phi=0, a=5

60

40

x(t) 20

-20

-40

-60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
t

(ii) Plot the discrete exponentially damped sinusoidal signal by multiplying the
sinusoidal sequence x[n] in Q1.3b(i) by the decaying exponential sequence
y[n] in Q1.3c(i). Both of these sequences are defined for n = -12:12. Thus,
use z[n] to denote the product sequence to get the following graph.

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 Signals and Systems (PGT 205)

1000
A=100, a=5

500
x(n)

-500
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
n

Q 1.4 Using MATLAB, plot the function defined by:

0; < 2
4 2; 2 < < 0
() = 4 + 3; 0<<4
16 2; 4<<8
{ 0; >8
Then, plot the transformed functions as listed below:
1 1
3( + 1), (3) , 2 ( )
2 2

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