The Rankine cycle closely describes the process by which steam-

operated heat engines commonly found in thermal power generation

plants generate power. The heat sources used in these power plants are
usually nuclear fission or the combustion of fossil fuels such
as coal, natural gas, and oil.

The efficiency of the Rankine cycle is limited by the high heat of

vaporization of the working fluid. Also, unless the pressure and
temperature reach super critical levels in the steam boiler, the
temperature range the cycle can operate over is quite small: steam
turbine entry temperatures are typically around 565C and steam
condenser temperatures are around 30C. This gives a theoretical
maximum Carnot efficiency for the steam turbine alone of about 63%
compared with an actual overall thermal efficiency of up to 42% for a
modern coal-fired power station. This low steam turbine entry
temperature (compared to a gas turbine) is why the Rankine (steam)
cycle is often used as a bottoming cycle to recover otherwise rejected
heat in combined-cycle gas turbine power stations.

The working fluid in a Rankine cycle follows a closed loop and is reused
constantly
Modified Rankine cycle means reheat rankine cycle or
regenerative rankine cycle.The efficiency of modified Rankine
cycle is improved.

Reheat rankine cycle means after the steam expanded from

turbine again the steam is reheated and sent to another turbine
for expansion.The remaining cycle is similar to normal rankine
cycle.

Regenerative rankine cycle means,a small quantity of mass of

steam is extracted from turbine and is sent to feed water heater
which is placed in between pump and condenser in order to heat
the water before entering the boiler.The remaining cycle is same
as normal rankine cycle.
We will consider water(steam) as our motive fluid.

The steam leaving the boiler (pts. 4 and 5) is usually superheated

steam.

The steam leaving the turbine (pt 6) is

usually high quality steam. Remember

that s5 = s6

The water leaving the condenser is either

saturated liquid or subcooled liquid water.

We usually assume that h2 = h1.

Or we can estimate h2 = h1 + v(P2-P1).

Lets work an example problem to

illustrate how this works.

Most cycles don't have all of their heat addition or rejection at one temperature. So,
when we look to improve a cycle's efficiency, we often consider the mean
temperature of heat addition, Ta and the mean temperature of heat rejection, Tr.
These reflect what the temperature would have been if the same amount of heat
had been added (or rejected) all at one temperature. They allow us to treat
improving cycle efficiencies as we would for a Carnot cycle: by raising Ta or
lowering Tr. For reversable heat transfer, the average temperature of heat addition
is
Ta = Qin / DS

and the average temperature of heat rejection is

Tr = Qout / DS

For more efficient cycles, we would like to add heat at a higher temperature and
reject it at a lower temperature.
 Figure 3: Rankine cycle T-s diagram

Knowing this, let's look at Figure 3. In the Rankine cycle, the above equations tell
us we are adding heat between states S4 and S1 at an average temperature of about
226.7 C.
TAE: REPORT WRITING
TOPIC: MODIFIED RANIKNS CYCLE
NAME: ABHAS B. SAKHARE
ROLL NO: D 29
SUBJECT: ENGENEERING THERMODYNAMICS
FACULTY: VASUKARNA JAIN SIR