INFANTADO, ANGELIKA J.

MT 3-1

Name Drug Indication/Contraindicatio Therapeutic Effect Adverse Effect

Preparation/ n
Mechanism of
Action
ANTIBIOTICS
CEFUROXI Second-generation Indication: Treats Body as a Whole:
ME cephalosporin that Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, Pharyngitis/tonsillitis, Thrombophlebitis
inhibits cell-wall infections of the urinary and acute bacterial maxillary (IV site); pain,
synthesis, lower respiratory tracts, and sinusitis, acute bacterial burning, cellulitis
promoting osmotic skin and skin-structure exacerbation of chronic (IM site); super
instability; usually infections caused by bronchitis, secondary infections, positive
bactericidal Streptococcus pneumonia and bacterial infections of Coombs' test.
S. pyogenes, Haemophillus acute bronchitis, GI:
influenza ,Staphylococcus uncomplicated skin and Diarrhea, nausea,
aureus, Escherichia coli. skin-structure infections, antibiotic-
Contraindicated: uncomplicated UTI, associated colitis.
* Contraindicated in patients uncomplicated Skin:
hypersensitive to drug.* Use gonorrhoea, early lyme Rash, pruritus,
cautiously in patients disease. urticaria.
hypersensitive to penicillin Urogenital:
because of possibility of Increased serum
cross-sensitivity with other creatinine and
beta-lactam antibiotics.* Use BUN, decreased
with caution in breast-feeding creatinine
women and inpatients with clearance.
history of colitisor renal
sufficiency

RIFAMPICI Inhibits DNA- Indication: CNS:

N/ dependent RNA Treatment of Pulmonary TB in headache,
RIFAMPIN polymerase conjunction with at least one drowsiness, fatigue,
activity in other effective anti- dizziness, inability
susceptible tuberculotic, Neisseria to concentrate,
bacterial cells meningitidis carriers, for mental confusion,
asymptomatic carriers to generalized
eliminate meningococci from numbness, muscle
nasopharynx; not for weakness, visual
treatment of meningitis. disturbances.
Unlabeled Dermatologic:
uses: Infections caused Rash, pruritus,
by Staphylococcus urticaria, flushing,
aureus and Staphylococcus reddish
epidermis, usually in discoloration of
combination therapy; gram- body fluidstears,
negative bacteremia in saliva, urine, sweat,
infancy; Legionella sputum.
pneumophilia, not responsive GI:
to erythromycin; leprosy (in heartburn, distress,
combination with anorexia, vomiting
dapsone); prophylaxis of gas, cramps,
meningitis caused diaarhea, hepatitis,
by Haemophilis influenzae. pancreatitis.
Contraindication: GU:
Contraindicated with allergy hemoglobinuria,
to any rifamycin, acute hematuria, renal
hepatic disease, lactation, Use insufficiency, acute
cautiously with pregnancy renal failure,
(teratogenic effects have menstrual
been reported in preclinical disturbances.
studies; safest anti- Hematologic:
tuberculous regimen for use eosinophilia,
in pregnancy is considered to thrombocytopenia,
be rifampin, isoniazid, and transient
 ethambutol) leucopenia,
hemolytic anemia,
decreased Hgb,
hemolysis.
Other:
pain in extremities,
osteomalacia,
myopathy, fever,
flulike symptoms.

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
ZANAMIVIR Zanamivir is an headaches,
inhaled drug that Indication: Treating influenza, diarrhea, nausea,
is used for treating including H1N1 influenza cough, vomiting,
and preventing (swine flu), in patients 7 years disturbance in
influenza (the old and older who have had temperature
"flu"). Zanamivir symptoms for no more than 2 regulation, and
decreases the days. It may also be used to dizziness.
spread of influenza prevent influenza in patients 5 Other important
A and B viruses, years old and older. side effects include:
the viruses increase or
responsible for the Zanamivir is an antiviral decrease in
flu. It does this by agent. It works by blocking appetite, fever,
blocking the action the growth and spread of chills, weakness,
of neuraminidase, respiratory viruses. sinusitis, and
an enzyme ear; nose; and
produced by the Contraindication: throat infections,
viruses that Do not use if you are allergic skin reactions,
enables the to any ingredient in muscle or joint
viruses to spread zanamivir, to lactose, or to pain,
from infected cells milk protein or you are going allergic reactions,
to healthy cells. By to have an intranasal live bronchospasm, and
 preventing the attenuated influenza vaccine behavioral
spread of virus (LAIV) within the next 2 days disturbances.
from cell to cell, or you have had such a
the symptoms and vaccine within the past 2
duration of weeks.
influenza infection
are reduced.
RIMANTADI The mechanism of Indication: Difficult or labored
NE action of Preventing and treating breathing,
rimantadine is not certain types of flu in adults. shortness of breath,
fully understood. It is also used to prevent tightness in the
Rimantadine certain types of flu in children. chest, wheezing
appears to exert It may also be used for other Symptoms of
its inhibitory effect conditions as determined by overdose:
early in the viral your doctor. Anxiety, chest pain
replicative cycle, or discomfort,
possibly inhibiting Rimantadine is an antiviral dizziness, dry
the uncoating of agent. Exactly how it works is mouth, fainting,
the virus. not known. It may block fast, slow, or
reproduction of the virus. irregular heartbeat,
hyperventilation,
Contraindication: irregular
Do NOT use rimantadine if heartbeats,
you are allergic to any irritability, light-
ingredient in rimantadine or headedness,
to any adamantane medicine nervousness,
(eg, amantadine) pounding or rapid
pulse, restlessness,
seeing, hearing, or
feeling things that
are not there,
shaking, trouble
with sleeping
Abdominal or
stomach pain, acid
or sour stomach,
belching continuing
ringing or buzzing
or other
unexplained noise
in the ears,
diarrhea, difficulty
with concentrating,
headache, hearing
loss, heartburn,
impaired
concentration,
indigestion, lack or
loss of strength,
loss of appetite,
nausea, rash,
shakiness and
unsteady walk,
sleepiness or
unusual drowsiness,
stomach
discomfort, upset,
or pain,
unsteadiness,
trembling, or other
problems with
muscle control or
 coordination,
unusual tiredness
or weakness,
vomiting

ANTI-MYCOTIC
FLUCONAZ Fluconazole is an Indication: Treating and preventing Acid or sour
OLE azole antifungal. It Indicated for the treatment of: certain yeast and fungal stomach
kills sensitive fungi Vaginal candidiasis (vaginal infections. Belching, change in
by interfering with yeast infections due taste or bad,
the formation of to Candida). Oropharyngeal unusual, or
the fungal cell and esophageal candidiasis unpleasant (after)
membrane. Contraindication: taste, heartburn,
Do NOT use fluconazole if you indigestion,
are allergic to any ingredient stomach discomfort
in fluconazole or you are or upset, chills,
taking astemizole, cisapride, clay-colored stools,
an ergot alkaloid (eg, cough, dark urine,
ergotamine), erythromycin, diarrhea, difficulty
pimozide, quinidine, with swallowing,
terfenadine, or voriconazole dizziness, fast
heartbeat, fever,
general feeling of
tiredness or
weakness,
headache, hives,
itching, or skin
rash, large, hive-
like swelling on the
face, eyelids, lips,
tongue, throat,
hands, legs, feet, or
 sex organs, light-
colored stools, loss
of appetite, nausea
and vomiting,
puffiness or
swelling of the
eyelids or around
the eyes, face, lips,
or tongue, stomach
pain, continuing
tightness in the
chest, unpleasant
breath odor,
unusual tiredness
or weakness, upper
right abdominal
or stomach pain,
vomiting of blood,
yellow eyes and
skin
FLUCYTOSI Flucytosine is an Indication: Treating serious infections Severe allergic
NE antifungal agent. Contraindication: caused by certain fungi. It reactions (rash;
Exactly how it Do NOT use flucytosine if you may used in combination hives; difficulty
works is unknown. are allergic to any ingredient with another medicine breathing; tightness
in flucytosine (amphotericin B). in the chest;
swelling of the
mouth, face, lips, or
tongue); black,
tarry, or bloody
stool; changes in
vision; chest pain;
 confusion;
convulsions; dark
urine; decreased
urination; excessive
hunger, thirst, or
urination; fever,
chills, or sore
throat;
hallucinations;
hearing loss; loss of
coordination;
mental or mood
changes; numbness
of an arm or leg;
numbness or
tingling in the
hands or feet;
severe stomach
pain; shortness of
breath; sudden,
severe headache,
vomiting, dizziness,
or fainting; unusual
bruising or
bleeding; unusual
tiredness or
weakness;
yellowing of skin or
eyes.
ANTI-HELMINTHIC
MEBENDAZ Irreversibly blocks Indications: Irreversibly blocks glucose GI: transient
OLE glucose uptake by Treatment of Trichuris uptake by susceptible abdominal pain,
 susceptible trichiura (whipworm), helminthes, depleting diarrhea
helminthes, Enterobius vermicularis glycogen stores needed Other: fever
depleting glycogen (pinworm), Ascaris for survival and
stores needed for lumbricoides (roundworm), reproduction of helminths,
survival and Ancylostoma duodenale causing death.
reproduction of (common hookworm), Necator
helminths, causing americanus (American
death hookworm).

Contraindications:
Contraindicated with allergy
to mebendazole, pregnancy
(embryotoxic and teratogenic;
avoid use, especially during
first trimester). Use cautiously
with lactation.
ALBENDAZ Albendazole Indication: This medication is used to severe headache
OLE causes ALBENZA is indicated for the treat that doesn't go
degenerative treatment of parenchymal certain tapeworm infectio away, vision
alterations in the neurocysticercosis due to ns (such as changes, yellowing
tegument and active lesions caused by larval neurocysticercosis and eyes/skin, severe
intestinal cells of forms of the pork tapeworm, hydatid disease). stomach/abdominal
the worm by Taenia solium. pain, dark urine,
binding to the ALBENZA is indicated for the unusual tiredness,
colchicine- treatment of cystic hydatid easy
sensitive site of disease of the liver, lung, and bruising/bleeding,
tubulin, thus peritoneum, caused by the signs of infection
inhibiting its larval form of the dog (such as sore throat
polymerization or tapeworm, Echinococcus that doesn't go
assembly into granulosus. away, fever, chills),
microtubules. The signs of kidney
loss of the Contraindication: problems (such as
cytoplasmic Do not use if you have Liver change in the
microtubules leads Problems, Abnormal Liver amount of urine),
to impaired uptake Function Tests, Reduction in confusion, very stiff
of glucose by the the Body's Resistance to neck
larval and adult Infection, Acquired Decrease
stages of the of All Cells in the Blood, Low
susceptible Blood Counts due to Bone
parasites, and Marrow Failure, Anemia,
depletes their Decreased Neutrophils a Type
glycogen stores. of White Blood Cell
Degenerative
changes in the
endoplasmic
reticulum, the
mitochondria of
the germinal layer,
and the
subsequent
release of
lysosomes result in
decreased
production of
adenosine
triphosphate (ATP),
which is the
energy required
for the survival of
the helminth. Due
to diminished
energy production,
 the parasite is
immobilized and
eventually dies.
ANTI-PROTOZOAL
METRONID It inhibits nucleic Indication: Inhibit growth of selected CNS: seizures,
AZOLE acid synthesis by Amoebic hepatic abscess, organisms such as dizziness, headache
disrupting the DNA intestinal amoebiasis, anaerobic bacteria and EENT:
of microbial cells. trichomoniasis, retractory protozoa. Tearing(topical
This function only trichomoniasis, bacterial only)
occurs when infection-caused by anaerobic GI: abdominal pain,
metronidazole is microorganisms to prevent anorexia, nausea
partially reduced, post- operative infection in and vomiting,
and because this contaminated colorectal diarrhea, dry
reduction usually surgery, pelvic inflammatory mouth, glossitis
happens only in disease. Derm: rashes,
anaerobic cells, it Contraindication: urticarial, mild
has relatively little Hypersensitivity to parabens, dryness, skin
effect upon human first trimester of pregnancy, irritation
cells or aerobic history of blood dyscrasias, Hemat: leukopenia
bacteria. seizures or neurologic Local: Phlebitis at Iv
problems, severe hepatic site
impairment, pregnancy, Neuro: peripheral
lactation and children neuropathy
Misc: superinfection
CHLOROQU Chloroquine Indication: Chloroquine is used to Blurred vision,
INE interferes with this Chloroquine phosphate prevent or nausea, vomiting,
process and tablets are indicated for the treat malaria caused abdominal cramps,
prevents the suppressive treatment and for by mosquito bites in headache, and
formation of acute attacks of malaria due countries where malaria is diarrhea may occur.
hemazoin, which to P. vivax, P. malariae, P. common. bleaching of hair
in turn leaves ovale, and susceptible strains color, hair loss,
heme in an of P. falciparum. The drug is mental/mood
uncrystallized also indicated for the changes (such as
form. This has a treatment of extra-intestinal confusion,
toxic effect to the amoebiasis. personality
parasite, and is Contraindication: changes, unusual
therefore killed by Use of this drug is thoughts/behavior,
this molecule contraindicated in the depression),
presence of retinal or visual hearing changes
field changes either (such as ringing in
attributable to 4- the ears, hearing
aminoquinoline compounds or loss), darkening of
to any other etiology, and in skin/tissue inside
patients with known the mouth,
hypersensitivity to 4- worsening of skin
aminoquinoline compounds. conditions (such as
However, in the treatment of dermatitis,
acute attacks of malaria psoriasis), sun
caused by susceptible strains sensitivity, signs of
of plasmodia, the physician serious infection
may elect to use this drug (such as high fever,
after carefully weighing the severe chills,
possible benefits and risks to persistent sore
the patient. throat), unusual
tiredness, swelling
legs/ankles,
shortness of breath,
pale lips/nails/skin,
signs of liver
disease (such as
severe
stomach/abdominal
pain, yellowing
 eyes/skin, dark
urine), easy
bruising/bleeding,
muscle weakness,
unwanted/uncontrol
led movements
(including tongue
and face twitching).
ANTI-NEOPLASTIC AGENTS
AMLODIPIN Inhibits the Indication: Inhibits the movement of CNS: Dizziness,
E movement of Angina pectoris due to calcium ions across the light-headedness,
BESYLATE calcium ions coronary artery spasm membranes of cardiac headache,
across the (Prinzmetals variant angina), and arterial muscle cells; asthenia, fatigue,
membranes of Chronic stable angina, alone inhibits transmembrane lethargy
cardiac and or in combination with other calcium flow. CV: Peripheral
arterial muscle agents, Essential edema, arrhythmias
cells; inhibits hypertension, alone or in Dermatologic:
transmembrane combination with other anti- Flushing, rash
calcium flow, hypertensives. GI: Nausea,
which results in Contraindication: abdominal
the depression of Contraindicated with allergy discomfort
impulse formation to amlodipine, impaired
in specialized hepatic or renal function, sick
cardiac pacemaker sinus syndrome, heart block
cells, slowing of (second or third degree),
the velocity of lactation.
conduction of the Use cautiously with CHF,
cardiac impulse, pregnancy.
depression of
myocardial
contractility, and
dilation of
 coronary arteries
and arterioles and
peripheral
arterioles; these
effects lead to
decreased cardiac
work, decreased
cardiac oxygen
consumption, and
in patients with
vasospastic
(Prinzmetals)
angina, increased
delivery of oxygen
to cardiac cells.
NIFEDIPINE Calcium channel Indications: Nifedipine is used to treat Constipation
blocking agent For the management of hypertension (high blood difficulty breathing
that selectively vasospastic angina, chronic pressure) and angina or swallowing,
blocks ion influx stable angina and (chest pain). dizziness or light-
across cell hypertension. headedness,
membranes of Contraindications: enlargement of
cardiac muscles Known hypersensitivity gum tissue around
and vascular reaction to nifedipine teeth, fast
smooth muscle heartbeat, flushing
without changing (feelingof warmth),
serum calcium Headache
concentrations.
Class IV
antiarrhythmic

REFERENCES:
(1) www.nurseslab.com
(2) www.webmd.com
(3) www.rxlist.com
(4) www.drugs.com
(5) www.nursingcrib.com
(6) www.drugbank.com