Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise A, Question 1
Question:
5 2
(a) 3 sec2 x + x
+
x2
2
(e) 5ex + 4 cos x
x2
1
(f) 2x
+ 2 cosec2 x
1 1 1
(g) x
+ +
x2 x3
Solution:
5 2
(a) 3 sec2 x + x + 2 dx
x
5
= 3 sec2 x + x + 2x 2 dx
2
= 3 tan x + 5 ln | x | x + C
Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 4 C4 Page 2 of 3
x4
= 5ex + 4 cos x + 2 + C
2
(d) 3 sec x tan x x dx
= 3 sec x 2 ln | x | + C
2
(e) 5ex + 4 cos x 2 dx
x
= ( 5ex + 4 cos x 2x 2 ) dx
2
= 5ex + 4 sin x + x + C
1 2 x dx
(f) + 2 cosec
2x
1 1
= + 2 cosec2 x dx
2 x
1
= 2 ln | x | 2 cot x + C
1 1 1
(g) + + dx
x x2 x3
1
= + x 2 + x 3 dx
x
x1 x2
= ln | x | + 1 + 2 + C
1 1
= ln | x | x + C
2x2
x 1
(j) e + x cosec2 x dx
= ex + ln | x | + cot x + C
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise A, Question 2
Question:
1 1
(a) + 2 dx
cos x
2 x
sin x x dx
(b) + 2e
cos2 x
1 + cos x 1+x
(c) + dx
sin2 x x2
1 1
(d) + dx
sin2 x x
1 + sin x 2 x sec x dx
(j) + cos
cos2 x
Solution:
1 1
(a) + dx
cos2 x x2
= ( sec2 x + x 2 ) dx
1
= tan x x + C
sin x x dx
(b) + 2e
cos2 x
= ( tan x sec x + 2ex ) dx
= sec x + 2ex + C
1 + cos x 1+x
(c) + dx
sin x
2 x2
= ( cosec2 x + cot x cosec x + x 2 + x 1 ) dx
1
= cot x cosec x x + ln | x | + C
1 1
(d) + x dx
sin2 x
1
= cosec2 x + x dx
= cot x + ln | x | + C
= tan x + ex + C
1 + sin x
(j) + cos2 x sec x dx
cos x2
= ( sec2 x + tan x sec x + cos x ) dx
= tan x + sec x + sin x + C
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise B, Question 1
Question:
(a) sin ( 2x + 1 )
(b) 3e2x
(c) 4ex + 5
(d) cos ( 1 2x )
(e) cosec2 3x
1
(g) 3 sin x + 1
2
(h) sec2 ( 2 x )
1
(a) sin 2x + 1 dx = 2 cos 2x + 1 + C
3 2x
(b) 3e2xdx = 2e + C
1
(d) cos 1 2x dx = 2 sin 1 2x + C
OR Let y = sin ( 1 2x )
dy
then = cos 1 2x 2 (by chain rule)
dx
1
cos 1 2x dx = 2 sin 1 2x + C
1
(e) cosec2 3x dx = 3 cot 3x + C
1
(f) sec 4x tan 4x dx = 4 sec 4x + C
1 1
(g) 3 sin x + 1 dx = 6 cos x+1 + C
2 2
1
(i) cosec 2x cot 2x dx = 2 cosec 2x + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise B, Question 2
Question:
2x 1
(a) e 2 sin 2x 1 dx
(b) ( ex + 1 ) 2 dx
1
3 2 cos ( 2 x )
(d) dx
1
sin2 ( x )
2
2x 1 1 1
(a) e 2 sin 2x 1 dx = 2 e2x + 4 cos 2x 1 + C
(b) ( ex + 1 ) 2 dx
= ( e2x + 2ex + 1 ) dx
1 2x
= 2e + 2ex + x + C
1
3 2 cos ( 2 x )
(d) 1
dx
2
sin ( x )
2
1 1 1
= 3 cosec2 2 x 2 cosec 2 x cot 2 x dx
1 1
= 6 cot x + 4 cosec x + C
2 2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise B, Question 3
Question:
1
(b)
( 2x + 1 ) 2
(c) ( 2x + 1 ) 2
3
(d) 4x 1
3
(e) 1 4x
3
(f)
( 1 4x ) 2
(g) ( 3x + 2 ) 5
3
(h)
( 1 2x ) 3
6
(i)
( 3 2x ) 4
5
(j) 3 2x
Solution:
1 1
(a) 2x + 1 dx = 2 ln | 2x + 1 | + C
1
(b) dx
( 2x + 1 ) 2
= ( 2x + 1 ) 2 dx
( 2x + 1 ) 1 1
= 1 2 + C
1
= 2 ( 2x + 1 ) + C
(c) ( 2x + 1 ) 2 dx
( 2x + 1 ) 3 1
= 3 2 + C
( 2x + 1 ) 3
= 6 + C
3 3
(d) 4x 1 dx = 4 ln | 4x 1 | + C
3
(e) 1 4x dx
3
= 4x 1 dx
3
= 4 ln | 4x 1 | + C
OR Let y = ln | 1 4x |
dy 1
then = 4 (by chain rule)
dx 1 4x
3 3
1 4x dx = 4 ln | 1 4x | + C
Note: ln | 1 4x | = ln | 4x 1 | because of | | sign.
3
(f) dx
( 1 4x ) 2
= 3 ( 1 4x ) 2 dx
3 ( 1 4x ) 1
= 4 1
3
= 4 ( 1 4x ) + C
5 dx ( 3x + 2 ) 6
(g) ( 3x + 2 ) = 18 + C
3 3 ( 1 2x ) 2 3
(h) 3
dx = 2 2 +C= + C
( 1 2x ) 4 ( 1 2x ) 2
OR Let y = ( 1 2x ) 2
dy
then = 2 ( 1 2x ) 3 2 (by chain rule)
dx
3 3
3
dx = 4 ( 1 2x ) 2 + C
( 1 2x )
6 6 ( 3 2x ) 3 1
(i) 4
dx = 2 3 + C= + C
( 3 2x ) ( 3 2x ) 3
OR Let y = ( 3 2x ) 3
dy
then = 3 ( 3 2x ) 4 2
dx
6 1
4
dx = + C
( 3 2x ) ( 3 2x ) 3
5 5
(j) ( 3 2x ) dx = 2 ln | 3 2x | + C
OR Let y = ln | 3 2x |
dy 1
then = 2 (by chain rule)
dx 3 2x
5 5
3 2x dx = 2 ln | 3 2x | + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise B, Question 4
Question:
4
(a) 3 sin 2x + 1 + 2x + 1 dx
(b) [ e5x + ( 1 x ) 5 ] dx
1 1 1
(c) + + dx
sin2 2x 1 + 2x ( 1 + 2x ) 2
1
(d) ( 3x + 2 ) 2 + dx
( 3x + 2 ) 2
Solution:
4
(a) 3 sin 2x + 1 + 2x + 1 dx
3 4
= cos 2x + 1 + 2 ln | 2x + 1 | + C
2
3
= cos 2x + 1 + 2 ln | 2x + 1 | + C
2
(b) [ e5x + ( 1 x ) 5 ] dx
= e5x dx + ( 1 x ) 5 dx
1 5x 1
= 5e 6 (1x) 6+C (from and )
OR Let y = ( 1 x ) 6
dy
then =6(1x) 5 1 (by chain rule)
dx
1
( 1 x ) 5dx = 6 (1x) 6+ C
1 1 1
(c) + 1 + 2x + dx
sin2 2x ( 1 + 2x ) 2
1
= cosec2 2x + 1 + 2x + ( 1 + 2x ) 2 dx
1 1 ( 1 + 2x ) 1 1
= 2 cot 2x + 2 ln | 1 + 2x | + 1 2 + C
1 1 1
= 2 cot 2x + 2 ln | 1 + 2x | 2 ( 1 + 2x ) + C
1
(d) ( 3x + 2 ) 2 + dx
( 3x + 2 ) 2
= [ ( 3x + 2 ) 2 + ( 3x + 2 ) 2 ] dx
( 3x + 2 ) 3 ( 3x + 2 ) 1
= 9 3 + C
( 3x + 2 ) 3 1
= 9 3 ( 3x + 2 ) + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise C, Question 1
Question:
(a) cot2 x
(b) cos2 x
(d) ( 1 + sin x ) 2
(e) tan2 3x
1
(i)
sin2 x cos2 x
(j) ( cos 2x 1 ) 2
Solution:
1
(c) sin 2x cos 2x dx = 2 sin 4x dx
1
= 8 cos 4x + C
1 2
(h) sin2 x cos2 x dx = sin 2x dx
2
1
= 4 sin2 2x dx
1 1 1
= cos 4x dx
4 2 2
1 1
= cos 4x dx
8 8
1 1
= 8x 32 sin 4x + C
1 1
(i) = = 4 cosec2 2x
sin2 x cos2 x 1
( sin 2x ) 2
2
1
dx = 4 cosec2 2x dx
sin2 x cos2 x
= 2 cot 2x + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise C, Question 2
Question:
1 sin x
(a) dx
cos2 x
1 + cos x
(b) dx
sin2 x
cos 2x
(c) dx
cos2 x
cos2 x
(d) dx
sin2 x
( 1 + cos x ) 2
(e) dx
sin2 x
( 1 + sin x ) 2
(f) dx
cos2 x
cos 2x
(j) dx
1 cos2 2x
Solution:
1 sin x
(a) dx = sec2 x tan x sec x dx
cos2 x
= tan x sec x + C
1 + cos x
(b) dx = cosec2 x + cot x cosec x dx
sin2 x
= cot x cosec x + C
cos 2x 2 cos2 x 1
(c) dx = dx
cos2 x cos2 x
= ( 2 sec2 x ) dx
= 2x tan x + C
cos2 x
(d) dx = cot2 x dx
sin2 x
= ( cosec2 x 1 ) dx
= cot x x + C
cos 2x cos 2x
(j) dx = dx
1 cos2 2x sin2 2x
= cot 2x cosec 2x dx
1
= 2 cosec 2x + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise C, Question 3
Question:
1 1
= 8 cos 8x + 2 cos 2x + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise D, Question 1
Question:
3x 1
(b) ( 2x + 1 ) ( x 2 )
2x 6
(c) (x+3) (x1)
3
(d) (2+x) (1x)
4
(e) ( 2x + 1 ) ( 1 2x )
3(x+1)
(f)
9x2 1
3 5x
(g) ( 1 x ) ( 2 3x )
x2 3
(h)
(2+x) (1+x) 2
5 + 3x
(i)
(x+2) (x+1) 2
17 5x
(j)
( 3 + 2x ) ( 2 x ) 2
Solution:
3x + 5 A B
(a) (x+1) (x+2) x+1 + x+2
3x + 5 A ( x + 2 ) + B ( x + 1 )
x= 1 2=A
x= 2 1= B B=1
3x + 5 2 1
dx = + x + 2 dx
(x+1) (x+2) x+1
= 2 ln | x + 1 | + ln | x + 2 | + C
= ln [ | x + 1 | 2 ] + ln | x + 2 | + C
= ln | ( x + 1 ) 2 ( x + 2 ) | + C
3x 1 A B
(b) ( 2x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) 2x + 1 + x2
3x 1 A ( x 2 ) + B ( 2x + 1 )
x=2 5 = 5B B=1
1 5 5
x= 2 2 = 2A A=1
3x 1 1 1
dx = + x 2 dx
( 2x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) 2x + 1
1
= 2 ln | 2x + 1 | + ln | x 2 | + C
= ln | ( x 2 ) \ 2x + 1 | + C
2x 6 A B
(c) (x+3) (x1) x+3 + x1
2x 6 A ( x 1 ) + B ( x + 3 )
x=1 4 = 4B B= 1
x= 3 12 = 4A A=3
2x 6 3 1
dx = dx
(x+3) (x1) x + 3 x 1
= 3 ln | x + 3 | ln | x 1 | + C
3
(x+3)
= ln + C
x1
3 A B
(d) (2+x) (1x) (2+x) + 1x
3A(1x) +B(2+x)
x=1 3 = 3B B=1
x= 2 3 = 3A A=1
3 1 1
dx = + dx.
(2+x) (1x) 2 + x 1 x
= ln | 2 + x | ln | 1 x | + C
2+x
= ln + C
1x
4 A B
(e) ( 2x + 1 ) ( 1 2x ) 2x + 1 + 1 2x
4 A ( 1 2x ) + B ( 2x + 1 )
1
x= 2 4 = 2B B=2
1
x= 2 4 = 2A A=2
4 2 2
dx = + dx
( 2x + 1 ) ( 1 2x ) 2x + 1 1 2x
= ln | 2x + 1 | ln | 1 2x | + C
2x + 1
= ln + C
1 2x
3(x+1) 3(x+1) A B
(f) ( 3x 1 ) ( 3x + 1 ) 3x 1 + 3x + 1
9x2 1
3x + 3 A ( 3x + 1 ) + B ( 3x 1 )
1
x= 3 2 = 2B B= 1
1
x= 3 4 = 2A A=2
3(x+1) 2 1
dx = dx
9x2 1 3x 1 3x + 1
2 1
= 3 ln | 3x 1 | 3 ln | 3x + 1 | + C
2
1 ( 3x 1 )
= 3 ln + C
3x + 1
3 5x A B
(g) ( 1 x ) ( 2 3x ) 1x + 2 3x
3 5x A ( 2 3x ) + B ( 1 x )
2 1 1
x= 3 3 = 3B B= 1
x=1 2= A A=2
3 5x 2 1
dx = dx
( 1 x ) ( 2 3x ) 1 x 2 3x
1
= 2 ln | 1 x | + 3 ln | 2 3x | + C
1
( 2 3x ) 3
= ln 2 + C
(1x)
x2 3 A B C
(h) 2 2+x + 1+x +
(2+x) (1+x) (1+x) 2
x2 3 A ( 1 + x ) 2 + B ( 2 + x ) ( 1 + x ) + C ( 2 + x )
x= 1 2=C C= 2
x= 2 1 = 1A A=1
Coefficient of x2 1=A+B B=0
x2 3 1 2
2 dx = dx
(2+x) (1+x) 2+x (1+x) 2
(1+x) 1
= ln | 2 + x | 2 1 + C
2
= ln | 2 + x | + 1+x + C
5 + 3x A B C
(i) x+2 + x+1 +
(x+2) (x+1) 2 (x+1) 2
5 + 3x A ( x + 1 ) 2 + B ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1 ) + C ( x + 2 )
x= 1 2=C C=2
x= 2 1=A A= 1
Coefficient of x2 0=A+B B=1
5 + 3x 1 1 2
dx = x+2 + x+1 + dx
(x+2) (x+1) 2 (x+1) 2
2
= ln | x + 2 | + ln | x + 1 | x+1 + C
x+1 2
= ln x+1 + C
x+2
17 5x A B C
(j) 3 + 2x + 2x +
( 3 + 2x ) ( 2 x ) 2 (2x) 2
17 5x A ( 2 x ) 2 + B ( 3 + 2x ) ( 2 x ) + C ( 3 + 2x )
x=2 7 = 7C C=1
3 49 49
x= 2 2 = 4 A A=2
Coefficient of x2 0 = A 2B B=1
17 5x 2 1 1
dx = + 2x + dx
( 3 + 2x ) ( 2 x ) 2 3 + 2x (2x) 2
2 1
= 2 ln | 3 + 2x | ln | 2 x | + 2x + C
3 + 2x 1
= ln + 2x + C
2x
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise D, Question 2
Question:
2 ( x2 + 3x 1 )
(a) ( x + 1 ) ( 2x 1 ) dx
x3 + 2x2 + 2
(b) x ( x + 1 ) dx
x2
(c) dx
x2 4
x2 + x + 2
(d) dx
3 2x x2
6 + 3x x2
(e) dx
x3 + 2x2
Solution:
2 ( x2 + 3x 1 ) A B
(a) ( x + 1 ) ( 2x 1 ) 1+ x+1 + 2x 1
2x2 + 6x 2 ( x + 1 ) ( 2x 1 ) + A ( 2x 1 ) + B ( x + 1 )
x= 1 6 = 3A A=2
1 3 3
x= 2 2 = 2B B=1
2 ( x2 + 3x 1 ) 2 1
dx = 1 + x + 1 + 2x 1 dx
( x + 1 ) ( 2x 1 )
1
= x + 2 ln | x + 1 | + 2 ln | 2x 1 | + C
= x + ln | ( x + 1 ) 2\ 2x 1 | + C
x3 + 2x2 + 2
(b) x(x+1)
x3 + 2x2 + 2 2x
x(x+1) x+1+ x(x+1)
A B
x+1+ x + x+1
x3 + 2x2 + 2 ( x + 1 ) x ( x + 1 ) + A ( x + 1 ) + Bx
x=0 2=A A=2
x= 1 3= B B= 3
x3 + 2x2 + 2 2 3
x ( x + 1 ) dx = x + 1 + x x + 1 dx
x2
= 2 + x + 2 ln | x | 3 ln | x + 1 | + C
x2 x 2
= + x + ln + C
2 (x+1) 3
x2 A B
(c) 1+ +
x2 4 x2 x+2
x2 ( x 2 ) ( x + 2 ) + A ( x + 2 ) + B ( x 2 )
x=2 4 = 4A A=1
x= 2 4 = 4B B= 1
x2 1 1
dx = 1 + x 2 x + 2 dx
x2 4
= x + ln | x 2 | ln | x + 2 | + C
x2
= x + ln + C
x+2
x2 + x + 2 x2 + x + 2 A B
(d) 1+ +
3 2x x2 (3+x) (1x) 3+x 1x
x2 + x + 2 1 ( 3 + x ) ( 1 x ) + A ( 1 x ) + B ( 3 + x )
x=1 4 = 4B B=1
x= 3 8 = 4A A=2
x2 + x + 2 2 1
dx = 1 + 3+x + 1x dx
3 2x x2
= x + 2 ln | 3 + x | ln | 1 x | + C
2
(3+x)
= x + ln + C
1x
6 + 3x x2 6 + 3x x2 A B C
(e) + +
x3 + 2x2 x2 (x+2) x x2 x+2
6 + 3x x2 Ax ( x + 2 ) + B ( x + 2 ) + Cx2
x=0 6 = 2B B=3
x= 2 4 = 4C C= 1
Coefficient of x2 1=A+C A=0
6 + 3x x2 3 1
dx = x + 2 dx
x3 + 2x2 x2
3
= x ln | x + 2 | + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise E, Question 1
Question:
x
(a)
x2 +4
e2x
(b)
e2x + 1
x
(c)
( x2 + 4 ) 3
e2x
(d)
( e2x + 1 ) 3
cos 2x
(e) 3 + sin 2x
sin 2x
(f)
( 3 + cos 2x ) 3
2
(g) xex
(a) y = ln | x2 + 4 |
dy 1
dx = 2x (chain rule)
x2 + 4
x 1
dx = 2 ln | x2 + 4 | + C
x2 +4
(b) y = ln | e2x + 1 |
dy 1
dx = e2x 2 (chain rule)
e2x +1
e2x 1
dx = ln | e2x + 1 | + C
e2x + 1 2
(c) y = ( x2 + 4 ) 2
dy
dx = 2 ( x2 + 4 ) 3 2x (chain rule)
x 1
dx = 4 ( x2 + 4 ) 2 + C
( x2 +4) 3
1
or + C
4 ( x2 + 4 ) 2
(d) y = ( e2x + 1 ) 2
dy
dx = 2 ( e2x + 1 ) 3 e2x 2 (chain rule)
e2x 1
3 dx = ( e2x + 1 ) 2 + C
( e2x + 1 ) 4
1
or + C
4 ( e2x + 1 ) 2
(e) y = ln | 3 + sin 2x |
dy 1
dx = 3 + sin 2x cos 2x 2 (chain rule)
cos 2x 1
3 + sin 2x dx = 2 ln | 3 + sin 2x | + C
(f) y = ( 3 + cos 2x ) 2
dy
= 2 ( 3 + cos 2x ) 3 sin 2x 2 (chain rule)
dx
sin 2x 1
3
dx = 4 ( 3 + cos 2x ) 2 + C
( 3 + cos 2x )
1
or + C
4 ( 3 + cos 2x ) 2
2
(g) y = ex
dy 2
dx = ex 2x (chain rule)
2 1 x2
xex dx = 2e + C
(h) y = ( 1 + sin 2x ) 5
dy
dx = 5 ( 1 + sin 2x ) 4 cos 2x 2 (chain rule)
1
cos 2x ( 1 + sin 2x ) 4 dx = 10 ( 1 + sin 2x ) 5 + C
(i) y = tan3 x
dy
dx = 3 tan2 x sec2 x (chain rule)
1
sec2 x tan2 x dx = 3
3 tan x + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise E, Question 2
Question:
(a) ( x + 1 ) ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 4 dx
e2x
(e) dx
e2x + 3
3
(f) x ( x2 +1) 2 dx
(g) ( 2x + 1 ) \ x2 + x + 5 dx
2x + 1
(h) dx
\ x2 + x + 5
sin x cos x
(i) \ cos 2x + 3
dx
sin x cos x
(j) cos 2x + 3
dx
Solution:
(a) y = ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 5
dy
= 5 ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 4 2x + 2
dx
= 5 ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 4 2 ( x + 1 )
1
x+1 ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 4 dx = 10 ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 5 + C
(b) y = cot2 2x
dy
= 2 cot 2x cosec2 2x 2
dx
= 4 cosec2 2x cot 2x
1
cosec2 2x cot 2x dx = 4 cot2 2x + C
(c) y = sin6 3x
dy
dx = 6 sin5 3x cos 3x 3
1
sin5 3x cos 3x dx = 18 sin6 3x + C
(d) y = esin x
dy
dx = esin x cos x
(e) y = ln | e2x + 3 |
dy 1
dx = e2x 2
e2x +3
e2x 1
dx = ln | e2x + 3 | + C
e2x + 3 2
5
(f) y = ( x2 +1) 2
dy 5 3 3
dx = 2 ( x2 +1) 2 2x = 5x ( x2 +1) 2
3 1 5
x( x2 +1) 2 dx = 5 ( x2 +1) 2 + C
3
(g) y = ( x2 +x+5) 2
1
dy 3
= ( x2 + x + 5 ) 2 2x + 1
dx 2
3
2
2x + 1 \ x2 + x + 5 dx = 3 ( x2 + x + 5 ) 2 + C
1
(h) y = ( x2 +x+5) 2
1
dy 1
= ( x2 + x + 5 ) 2 2x + 1
dx 2
1 ( 2x + 1 )
= 2 \ x2 + x + 5
1
2x + 1
dx = 2 ( x2 +x+5) 2 + C
\ x2 + x + 5
1
(i) y = ( cos 2x + 3 ) 2
1
dy 1
= ( cos 2x + 3 ) 2 sin 2x 2
dx 2
sin 2x
= \ cos 2x + 3
2 sin x cos x
= \ cos 2x + 3
sin x cos x 1 1
\ cos 2x + 3 dx = 2 ( cos 2x + 3 ) 2 + C
(j) y = ln | cos 2x + 3 |
dy 1
= sin 2x 2
dx cos 2x + 3
2 sin 2x
= cos 2x + 3
4 sin x cos x
= cos 2x + 3
sin x cos x 1
cos 2x + 3 dx = 4 ln | cos 2x + 3 | + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise F, Question 1
Question:
(a) x\ 1 + x dx; u = 1 + x
x
(b) \1+x
dx; u = 1 + x
1 + sin x
(c) cos x
dx; u = sin x
(d) x ( 3 + 2x ) 5 dx; u = 3 + 2x
(a) u = 1 + x du = dx and x = u 1
1 1
x(1+x) 2 dx = ( u 1 ) u 2 du
3 1
= (u 2 u 2 ) du
2 5 2 3
= 5u
2 3u
2 + C
2 5 2 3
= 5 (1+x) 2 3 (1+x) 2 + C
3
2
OR = (1+x) 2 3 1+x 5 + C
15
3
2
= (1+x) 2 3x 2 + C
15
(b) u = 1 + x du = dx and x = u 1
x u1
\1+x dx = du
1
u 2
1 1
= (u 2 u 2 ) du
2 3 1
= 3u
2 2u 2 + C
2 3 1
= 3 (1+x) 2 2(1+x) 2 + C
1
2
OR = (1+x) 2 1+x3 + C
3
1
2
= (1+x) 2 x2 + C
3
du du
(c) u = sin x dx = cos x dx = cos x
1 + sin x 1 + u du
cos x dx = cos x cos x
1+u
= du
1 sin2 x
1+u
= du
1 u2
(1+u)
= (1u) (1+u) du
1
= 1u du
= ln | 1 u | + C
= ln | 1 sin x | + C
u3
(d) u = 3 + 2x du = 2 dx and x = 2
u 3 5 du
x ( 3 + 2x ) 5 dx = 2 u 2
6 3u5
u
= 4 du
4
u7 3u6
= 28 24 + C
u7 u6
= 28 8 + C
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 6
= 28 8 + C
cos3 x
= 3 cos x + C
cos x
OR = cos2 x 3 + C
3
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise F, Question 2
Question:
(a) x\ 2 + x dx; u2 = 2 + x
2
(b) x(x4)
dx; u = x
\ x2 + 4
(d) x dx; u2 = x2 + 4
(a) u2 = 2 + x 2u du = dx and x = u2 2
x\ 2 + x dx = ( u2 2 ) u 2u du
= ( 2u4 4u2 ) du
2u5 4u3
= 5 3 + C
2 5 4 3
= 5 (2+x) 2 3 (2+x) 2 + C
1 du 1 1 dx
(b) u = x 2 dx = 2x
2 x = 2 du
and x 4 = u2 4
2 2 4
I= x(x4) dx = 2 du = du
u2 4 u2 4
4 A B
= u2 + u+2
u2 4
4=A(u+2) +B(u2)
u=2 4 = 4A A=1
u= 2 4 = 4B B= 1
1 1
I= du
u 2 u + 2
= ln | u 2 | ln | u + 2 | + C
x2
= ln + C
x+2
2 5 2 3
= 5 ( 1 + tan x ) 2 3 ( 1 + tan x ) 2 + C
udu
(d) u2 = x2 + 4 2u du = 2x dx x = dx
\ x2 + 4 u udu
x dx = x x
u2
= du
x2
u2
= du
u2 4
4 4 A B
= (1+ ) du but +
u2 4 u2 4 u+2 u+2
4 A(u+2) +B(u2)
u=2: 4 = 4A , A = 1
u = 2 : 4 = 4B , B = 1
1 1
= 1 + u 2 u + 2 du
= u + ln | u 2 | ln | u + 2 | + C
2
\x +42
=\ x2 + 4 + ln + C
\ x2 + 4 + 2
tan3 x
= tan x + 3 + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise F, Question 3
Question:
(a) 05x\ x + 4 dx
(b) 0 3 sec x tan x\ sec x + 2 dx
1
(c) 25 1+\x1
dx; use u2 = x 1
sin 2
(d) 0 2
1 + cos
d; let u = 1 + cos
(e) 01x ( 2 + x ) 3 dx
1
(f) 14 x ( 4x 1 )
dx; let u= x
Solution:
(a) u2 = x + 4 2u du = dx and x = u2 4
Also u = 3 when x = 5
and u = 2 when x = 0.
05x\ x + 4 dx = 23 ( u2 4 ) u 2u du
= 23 ( 2u4 8u2 ) du
2 5 8 3 3
= u 3u 2
5
2 8 64 64
= 243 27
5 3 5 3
= 25.2 8.53
= 33.73
= 33.7 (3 s.f.)
Also u = 2 when x = 3
and u = 3 when x = 0.
0 3 sec x tan x\ sec x + 2 dx = 32u 2u du
= 322u2 du
2 3 2
= u
3 3
16 2
= 33
3 3
16
= 3 23
(c) u2 = x 1 2u du = dx
Also u = 2 when x = 5
and u = 1 when x = 2.
1 1
25 1 + \ x 1 dx = 12 1+u 2u du
2u
= 12 u + 1 du
2
= 12 2 u + 1 du
= [ 2u 2 ln | u + 1 | ] 12
= ( 4 2 ln 3 ) ( 2 2 ln 2 )
2
= 2 + 2 ln 3
2
= 12 2 u du
= [ 2u 2 ln | u | ] 12
= ( 4 2 ln 2 ) ( 2 2 ln 1 )
= 2 2 ln 2
(e) u = 2 + x du = dx and x = u 2
Also u = 3 when x = 1
and u = 2 when x = 0.
01x ( 2 + x ) 3 dx = 23 ( u 2 ) u3 du
= 23 ( u4 2u3 ) du
5
u 2 4 3
= 4u 2
5
243 81 32 16
= 2
5 5 2
211
= 5 32.5
= 42.2 32.5
= 9.7
1 1 1 dx
(f) u = x 2 du = 2x
2 dx x = 2 du
and 4x 1 = 4u2 1
Also u = 2 when x = 4
and u = 1 when x = 1.
1 1
I = 14 x ( 4x 1 ) dx = 12 2 du
4u2 1
2 A B
= 2u 1 + 2u + 1
4u2 1
2 = A ( 2u + 1 ) + B ( 2u 1 )
1
u= 2 2 = 2A A=1
1
u= 2 2 = 2B B= 1
1 1
I = 12 du
2u 1 2u + 1
1 1 2
= ln | 2u 1 | ln | 2u + 1 |
2 2 1
1 2u 1 2
= ln
2 2u + 1 1
1 3 1 1
= ln ln
2 5 2 3
1 9
= 2 ln 5
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise G, Question 1
Question:
(a) x sin x dx
(b) xex dx
(c) x sec2 x dx
x
(e) dx
sin2 x
Solution:
du
(a) u = x dx =1
dv
dx = sin x v = cos x
x sin x dx = x cos x cos x 1 dx
= x cos x + cos x dx
= x cos x + sin x + C
du
(b) u = x dx =1
dv
dx = ex v = ex
xex dx = xex ex 1 dx
= xex ex + C
du
(c) u = x dx =1
dv
dx = sec2 x v = tan x
= x tan x ln | sec x | + C
du
(d) u = x dx =1
dv
dx = sec x tan x v = sec x
x sec x tan x dx = x sec x sec x 1 dx
= x sec x ln | sec x + tan x | + C
du
(e) u = x dx =1
dv
dx = cosec2 x v = cot x
x
dx = x cosec2 x dx
sin2 x
= x cot x cot x 1 dx
= x cot x + cot x dx
= x cot x + ln | sin x | + C
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise G, Question 2
Question:
(a) x2 ln x dx
(b) 3 ln x dx
ln x
(c) dx
x3
(d) ( ln x ) 2 dx
(e) ( x2 + 1 ) ln x dx
Solution:
du 1
(a) u = ln x dx = x
dv x3
dx = x2 v= 3
x3 x3 1
x2 ln x dx = 3 ln x 3 x dx
x3 x2
= 3 ln x 3 dx
x3 x3
= 3 ln x 9 + C
du 1
(b) u = ln x dx = x
dv
dx =3 v = 3x
1
3 ln x dx = 3x ln x 3x x dx
= 3x ln x 3 dx
= 3x ln x 3x + C
du 1
(c) u = ln x dx = x
dv x2
dx = x3 v= 2
ln x 1 1 1
dx = ln x x dx
x3 2x 2 2x2
ln x 1 3
= + 2x dx
2x2
ln x x2
= + 2 ( 2) + C
2x2
ln x 1
= + C
2x2 4x2
du 1
(d) u = ( ln x ) 2 dx = 2 ln x x
dv
dx =1 v=x
1
I = ( ln x ) 2 dx = x ( ln x ) 2 x 2 ln x x dx
= x ( ln x ) 2 2 ln x dx
Let J = 2 ln x dx
du 1
u = ln x dx = x
dv
dx =2 v = 2x
1
J = 2x ln x 2x x dx = 2x ln x 2x + C
I = x ( ln x ) 2 2x ln x + 2x + C
du 1
(e) u = ln x dx = x
dv x3
dx = x2 +1 v= 3 +x
3 3
2 x x 1
x +1 ln x dx = ln x +x + x x dx
3 3
3 2
x x
= + x ln x + 1 dx
3 3
3 x3
x
= + x ln x 9 x + C
3
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise G, Question 3
Question:
(a) x2e x dx
(b) x2 cos x dx
(c) 12x2 ( 3 + 2x ) 5 dx
I = x2e x dx = x2e x e x 2x dx
= x2e x + 2xe x dx
Let J = 2xe x dx
du
u = 2x dx =2
dv
dx =ex v= ex
J = e x 2x ( e x ) 2 dx
= 2xe x + 2e x dx
= 2xe x 2e x + C
I = x2e x 2xe x 2e x + C
du
(b) u = x2 dx = 2x
dv
dx = cos x v = sin x
du
(c) u = 12x2 dx = 24x
dv ( 3 + 2x ) 6
dx = ( 3 + 2x ) 5 v= 12
( 3 + 2x ) 6 ( 3 + 2x ) 6
I= 12x2 ( 3 + 2x ) 5 dx = 12x2 12 24x 12 dx
= x2 ( 3 + 2x ) 6 2x ( 3 + 2x ) 6 dx
Let J = 2x ( 3 + 2x ) 6 dx
du
u = 2x dx =2
( 3 + 2x ) 7 dv
v= 14 dx = ( 3 + 2x ) 6
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 7
J = 2x 14 14 2 dx
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 7
=x 7 7 dx
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 8
=x 7 7 16 + C
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 8
I = x2 ( 3 + 2x ) 6 x 7 + 112 + C
du
(d) u = 2x2 dx = 4x
dv 1
dx = sin 2x v= 2 cos 2x
2x2 1
I= 2x2 sin 2x dx = cos 2x 2 cos 2x 4x dx
2
= x2 cos 2x + 2x cos 2x dx
Let J = 2x cos 2x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv
dx = 2 cos 2x v = sin 2x
J = x sin 2x sin 2x dx
1
= x sin 2x + 2 cos 2x + C
1
I = x2 cos 2x + x sin 2x + 2 cos 2x + C
du
(e) u = x2 dx = 2x
dv
dx = 2 sec x sec x tan x v = sec2 x
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise G, Question 4
Question:
(b) 0 2 x sin x dx
(c) 0 2 x cos x dx
ln x
(d) 12 dx
x2
(e) 014x ( 1 + x ) 3 dx
1
(f) 0x cos x dx
4
(g) 0 3 sin x ln | sec x | dx
Solution:
du
(a) u = x dx =1
dv 1 2x
dx = e2x v= 2e
1 2x ln 2 ln 2 1 e2x dx
0ln 2xe2x dx = e x
2 0 0 2
1 2 ln 2 1 2x ln 2
= e ln 2 0 e
2 4 0
4 1 2 ln 2 1 0
= ln 2 e e
2 4 4
4 1
= 2 ln 2 4 + 4
3
= 2 ln 2 4
du
(b) u = x dx =1
dv
dx = sin x v = cos x
0 2 x sin x dx = [ x cos x ] 0 2 0 2 cos x dx
= 2 cos 2 0 + 0 2 cos x dx
= 0 + [ sin x ] 0 2
= sin 2 sin 0
=1
du
(c) u = x dx =1
dv
dx = cos x v = sin x
0 2 x cos x dx = [ x sin x ] 0 2 0 2 sin x dx
= sin 2 0 [ cos x ] 0 2
2
= + cos 2 cos 0
2
= 2 1
du 1
(d) u = ln x dx = x
dv
dx =x2 v= x1
ln x ln x 2 2 1
12 dx = x x1 dx
x2 1 1 x
ln 2 ln 1 1
= 2 1 + 12 2 dx
x
1
= 2 ln 2 + [ x 1 ] 12
1 1 1
= ln 2 + 2 1
2
1
= 1 ln 2
2
du
(e) u = x dx =1
dv
dx =4(1+x) 3 v= (1+x) 4
014x ( 1 + x ) 3 dx = [ x ( 1 + x ) 4 ] 01 01 ( 1 + x ) 4 dx
5
(1+x) 1
= 1 24 0
5 0
5
2 1
= 16
5 5
31
= 16 5
= 16 6.2
= 9.8
du
(f) u = x dx =1
dv 1 1
= cos x v = 4 sin x
dx 4 4
1 x 1
0x cos 4x dx = 4x sin 4 0 04 sin x dx
4
1
= 4 sin 4 0 + 16 cos 4 x 0
4
= 2 + 16 cos 4 16 cos 0
4 16
= 2 + 2 16
4 2 16 2
OR = 2 + 2 16
= 2 2 + 8 2 16
du
(g) u = ln | sec x | dx = tan x
dv
dx = sin x v = cos x
0 3 sin x ln | sec x | dx = cos x ln | sec x | ] 0 3 + 0
3 cos x tan x dx
= cos 3 ln sec 3 cos 0 ln sec 0 + 0
3 sin x dx
1
= ln 2 + 0 + cos x ] 0 3
2
1 1
= ln 2 + 2 1
2
1
= 1 ln 2
2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise H, Question 1
Question:
(a) 03ln ( 1 + x2 ) dx ; n = 6
(b) 0 3 \ ( 1 + tan x ) dx; n = 4
1
(c) 02 dx; n = 4
\ ( ex + 1 )
(d) 11cosec2 ( x2 + 1 ) dx ; n = 4
Solution:
I = 03ln ( 1 + x2 ) dx
1
I 0.5 0 + 2.303 + 2
2
0.223 + 0.693 + 1.179 + 1.609 + 1.981
1
= 13.673
4
= 3.41825
= 3.42 (3 s.f.)
2 3
x 0
(b) 12 12 12 3
\ 1 + tan x 1 1.126 1.256 1.414 1.653
I = 0 3 \ 1 + tan x dx
1
I 1 + 1.653 + 2 1.126 + 1.256 + 1.414
2 12
= 10.245
24
= 1.3410...
= 1.34 (3 s.f.)
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
(c) 1
0.707 0.614 0.519 0.427 0.345
\ ex +1
1
I = 02 dx
\ ex + 1
~
1
I 0.5 0.707 + 0.345 + 2 0.614 + 0.519 + 0.427
2
1
= 4.172
4
= 1.043
= 1.04 (3 s.f.)
x 1 0.5 0 0.5 1
(d)
cosec2 ( x2 + 1 ) 1.209 1.110 1.412 1.110 1.209
I = 11cosec2 ( x2 + 1 ) dx
~
1
I 0.5 1.209 2 + 2 1.110 + 1.412 + 1.110
2
1
= 9.682
4
= 2.42 (3 s.f.)
I = 0.11.1\ cot x dx
~
1
I 0.2 3.157 + 0.713 + 2 1.798 + 1.353 + 1.090 + 0.891
2
1
= 14.134
10
= 1.41 (3 s.f.)
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise H, Question 2
Question:
(b) Find approximate values for I using the trapezium rule with
(i) 3 strips
(ii) 6 strips
(a) I = 14x ln x dx
du 1
u = ln x dx = x
dv 1 2
dx =x v= 2x
1 2 4 4 1 x2 1 dx
I= x ln x
2 1 1 2 x
2
x 4
= 8 ln 4
4 1
1
= 8 ln 4 4 4
15
= 8 ln 4 4
(b) (i)
x 12 3 4
x ln x 0 1.386 3.296 5.545
1
I 1 5.545 + 2 1.386 + 3.296
2
1
= 14.909 = 7.4545 = 7.45 (3 s.f.)
2
(ii)
1
I 0.5 5.545 + 2 0.608 + 1.386 + 2.291 + 3.296 + 4.385
2
1
= 29.477 = 7.36925 = 7.37 (3 s.f.)
4
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise H, Question 3
Question:
(a) (i)
x 0 0.5 1
ex tan x 0 0.901 4.233
~
1 1
I 0.5 0 + 4.233 + 2 0.901 = 4 6.035 = 1.509
2
(ii)
~
1
I 0.25 4.233 + 2 0.328 + 0.901 + 1.972
2
1
= 10.635 = 1.329
8
(iii)
1 1
~
I 4.233 + 2
2 8
0.142 + 0.328 + 0.573 + 0.901 + 1.348 + 1.972 + 2.872
1
= 20.505 = 1.282
16
1
(b) Halving h reduces differences by about 3 :
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise H, Question 4
Question:
(b) Find an approximate value for I using the trapezium rule with
(i) 4 and
(ii) 6 strips.
(a) u2 = 2 x 2u du = dx and x = 2 u2
Also u = 0 when x = 2
and u = 2 when x = 0.
I = 20 ( 2 u2 ) u ( 2u ) du
= 0 2 ( 2 u2 ) 2u2 du
= 0 2 ( 4u2 2u4 ) du
3 2u5 2
4u
= 5
3 0
422 242
= 0
3 5
16 2
= 15
(b) (i)
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
x\ 2 x 0 0.612 1 1.061 0
~
1
I 0.5 0 + 2 0.612 + 1 + 1.061
2
1
= 5.346 = 1.3365 = 1.34 (2 d.p.)
4
(ii)
1 2 4 5
x 0 1 2
3 3 3 3
x\ 2 x 0 0.430 0.770 1 1.089 0.962 0
~
1 1
I 0 + 2 0.430 + 0.770 + 1 + 1.089 + 0.962
2 3
1
= 8.502 = 1.417 = 1.42 (2 d.p.)
6
16
2 1.3365
15
(c) (i) % error with 4 strips = 16
100 = 11.4 %
2
15
16 2
1.417
15
(ii) % error with 6 strips = 16
100 = 6.1 %
2
15
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise I, Question 1
Question:
The region R is bounded by the curve with equation y = f ( x ) , the x-axis and
the lines x = a and x = b. In each of the following cases find the exact value of:
(i) the area of R,
(ii) the volume of the solid of revolution formed by rotating R through 2
radians about the x-axis.
2
(a) f x = 1 + x ; a = 0, b = 1
(b) f ( x ) = sec x ; a = 0, b = 3
(c) f ( x ) = ln x ; a = 1, b = 2
(d) f ( x ) = sec x tan x ; a = 0, b = 4
(e) f ( x ) = x\ 4 x2 ; a = 0, b = 2
Solution:
2
(a) (i) Area = 01 dx = 2 ln | 1 + x | ] 01 = 2 ln 2 2 ln 1
1+x
Area = 2 ln 2
2 2
(ii) Volume = 01 dx
1+x
4
= 01 dx
(1+x) 2
1
(1+x) 1
= 4
1 0
4 1
= 1+x
0
4 4
= 2 1
= 2
(b) (i) Area = 0 3 sec x dx
= ln | sec x + tan x | ] 0 3
= [ ln ( 2 + 3 ) ] [ ln ( 1 ) ]
Area = ln ( 2 + 3 )
(ii) Volume = 0 3 sec2 x dx
= tan x ] 0 3
=[ ( 3) (0) ]
= 3
du 1
u = ( ln x ) 2 dx = 2 ln x x
dv
dx =1 v=x
2 2 2 1
V= x ( ln x ) ] 1 2 1 x ln x x dx
= { [ 2 ( ln 2 ) 2 ] ( 0 ) { 2 12ln x dx
But 12ln x dx = 2 ln 2 1 from (i)
V = 2 ( ln 2 ) 2 2 ( 2 ln 2 1 )
(d) (i) Area = 0 4 sec x tan x dx
= sec x ] 0 4
= ( 2) (1)
Area = 2 1
(ii) Volume = 0 4 sec2 x tan2 x dx
3
tan x
= 4
3 0
3
1
= 0
3
= 3
3
Let y = ( 4 x2 ) 2
1 1
dy 3
= (4 x2 ) 2 2x = 3x ( 4 x2 ) 2
dx 2
3
1 2 1
Area = 3 ( 4 x2 ) 2 = 0 3 23 =
0
8
3
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise I, Question 2
Question:
Find the exact area between the curve y = f ( x ) , the x-axis and the lines x = a
and x = b where:
4x + 3
(a) f x = ; a = 1, b = 2
( x + 2 ) ( 2x 1 )
x
(b) f x = ; a = 0, b = 2
(x+1) 2
(c) f ( x ) = x sin x ; a = 0, b = 2
(d) f ( x ) = cos x\ 2 sin x + 1 ; a = 0, b = 6
(e) f ( x ) = xe x ; a = 0, b = ln 2
Solution:
4x + 3 A B
(a) ( x + 2 ) ( 2x 1 ) x+2 + 2x 1
4x + 3 A ( 2x 1 ) + B ( x + 2 )
1 5
x= 2 5= 2B B=2
x= 2 5 = 5A A=1
4x + 3
area = 12 ( x + 2 ) ( 2x 1 ) dx
1 2
= 12 + 2x 1 dx
x+2
= [ ln | x + 2 | + ln | 2x 1 | ] 12
= ( ln 4 + ln 3 ) ( ln 3 + ln 1 )
= ln 4 or 2 ln 2
x A B
(b) + x+1
(x+1) 2 (x+1) 2
xA+B(x+1)
Compare coefficient of x: 1=B B=1
Compare constants: 0=A+B A= 1
x
area = 02 dx
(x+1) 2
1 1
= 02 dx
x+1 (x+1) 2
1
= ln | x + 1 | + x + 1 02
1
= ln 3 + 3 ln 1 + 1
2
= ln 3 3
(c) Area = 0 2 x sin x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv
dx = sin x v = cos x
area = x cos x ] 0 2 0 2 cos x dx
= 2 cos 2 0 + 0 2 cos x dx
=0+ sin x ] 0 2
= sin 2 0
=1
(d) Area = 0 6 cos x\ 2 sin x + 1 dx
3
Let y = ( 2 sin x + 1 ) 2
dy 3 1 1
dx = 2 ( 2 sin x + 1 ) 2 2 cos x = 3 cos x ( 2 sin x + 1 ) 2
3
1
area = ( 2 sin x + 1 ) 2 6
3 0
3 3
1 1
= 2 2 1 2
3 3
22 1
= 3 3
221
= 3
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise I, Question 3
Question:
The region R is bounded by the curve C, the x-axis and the lines x = 8 and x = + 8.
The parametric equations for C are x = t3 and y = t2. Find:
(b) the volume of the solid of revolution formed when R is rotated through 2 radians
about the x-axis.
Solution:
(a) Area = x = 8x = 8y dx
x = t3 dx = 3t2 dt
Also t = 2 when x = 8
and t = 2 when x = 8.
area = 22t2 3t2 dt
= 223t4 dt
5
3t 2
=
5 2
96 96
= 5
5
192
= 5
(b) V = x = 8x = 8y2 dx
= 22t4 3t2 dt
= 223t6 dt
7
3t 2
=
7 2
3 128 3 128
=
7 7
768
= 7
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise I, Question 4
Question:
The curve C has parametric equations x = sin t, y = sin 2t, 0 t 2
.
(a) Find the area of the region bounded by C and the x-axis.
If this region is revolved through 2 radians about the x-axis,
(b) V = t= 2 y2 dx
t=0
= 0 2 sin2 2t cos t dt
= 0 2 4 cos3 t sin t sin t dt
du
u = sin t dt = cos t
dv
dt = 4 cos3 t sin t v = cos4 t
V= sin t cos4 t ] 0 2 0 2 cos5 t dt
=0 2 cos5 t dt
= 0 2 ( cos2 t ) 2 cos t dt Let y = sin t dy = cos t dt
= 01 ( 1 y2 ) 2 dy
= 01 ( 1 2y2 + y4 ) dy
5
2 y 1
= y 3 y3 + 5
0
2 1
= 1 3 + 5 0
8
= 15
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise J, Question 1
Question:
dy
(a) = 1+y 1 2x
dx
dy
(b) dx
= y tan x
dy
(c) cos2 x dx
= y2 sin2 x
dy
(d) dx
= 2ex y
dy
(e) x2 dx
= y + xy
Solution:
dy
(a) = 1+y 1 2x
dx
1
dy = 1 2x dx
1+y
ln | 1 + y | = x x2 + C
2
1+y=e(xx + C)
2
1 + y = A ex x , ( A = eC )
2
y = A ex x 1
dy
(b) dx = y tan x
1
y dy = tan x dx
ln | y | = ln | sec x | + C
Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 4 C4 Page 2 of 3
ln | y | = ln | k sec x | , ( C = ln k )
y = k sec x
dy
(c) cos2 x dx = y2 sin2 x
1 sin2 x
dy = dx
y2 cos2 x
1
dy = tan2 x dx = sec2 x 1 dx
y 2
1
y = tan x x + C
1
y= tan x x + C
dy
(d) dx = 2ex y = 2exe y
1
dy = 2ex dx
ey
i.e. ey dy = 2ex dx
ey = 2ex + C
y = ln ( 2ex + C)
dy
(e) x2 = y + xy = y 1+x
dx
1 1
y dy = x2+ x dx
ln | y | = x 1 + ln | x | + C
1
ln | y | ln | x | =C x
y 1
ln =C
x x
y 1
x = eC x
1
y C
= Ae x , e =A
x
1
y = Axe x
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise J, Question 2
Question:
Find a general solution of the following differential equations. (You do not need
to write the answers in the form y = f ( x ) .)
dy
(a) dx
= tan y tan x
dy x cos y
(b) sin y cos x dx
= cos x
dy 2
(c) 1 + x2 = x 1 y
dx
dy
(d) cos y sin 2x dx
= cot x cosec y
dy
(e) ex + y =x 2 + ey
dx
Solution:
dy
(a) dx = tan y tan x
1
tan y dy = tan x dx
cot y dy = tan x dx
ln | sin y | = ln | sec x | + C = ln | k sec x | ( ln k = C )
sin y = k sec x
dy x cos y
(b) sin y cos x dx = cos x
sin y x
cos y dy = dx
cos2 x
tan y dy = x sec2 x dx
ln | sec y | = x sec2 x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv
dx = sec2 x v = tan x
ln | sec y | = x tan x tan x dx
ln | sec y | = x tan x ln | sec x | + C
dy 2
(c) 1 + x2 = x 1 y
dx
1 x
2
dy = dx
1y 1 + x2
1 A B
1y + 1+y
1 y2
1A(1+y) +B(1y)
1
y=1 1 = 2A A= 2
1
y= 1 1 = 2B B= 2
1 1
( 2 ) (
2
)
x
1y + 1+y dy = dx
1 + x2
1 1 1
2 ln | 1 + y | 2 ln | 1 y | = 2 ln | 1 + x2 | + C
f (x)
(using f(x) dx = ln | f ( x ) | + C)
1+y
ln = ln | 1 + x2 | + 2C
1y
1+y
=k 1 + x2 ln k = 2C
1y
dy
(d) cos y sin 2x dx = cot x cosec y
cos y cot x
cosec y dy = sin 2x dx
cos x
sin y cos y dy = sin x 2 sin x cos x dx
1 1
2 sin 2y dy = 2 cosec2 x dx
1 1
4 cos 2y = 2 cot x + C
or cos 2y = 2 cot x + k
dy
(e) ex + y =x 2 + ey
dx
dy
exey =x 2 + ey
dx
ey
dy = xe x dx
2 + ey
du
u=x dx =1
dv
dx =ex v= ex
ln | 2 + ey | = xe x + e x dx
ln | 2 + ey | = xe x e x + C
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise J, Question 3
Question:
dy
(b) dx
= xey
dy
(c) dx
= y cos x
dy
(d) dx
= x cos y
dy
(e) = 1 + cos 2x cos y
dx
dy
(f) = 1 + cos 2y cos x
dx
Solution:
dy
(a) dx = yex
1
y dy = ex dx
ln | y | = ex + C
dy
(b) dx = xey
1
dy = x dx
ey
e y dy = x dx
1 2
ey= 2x + C
dy
(c) dx = y cos x
1
y dy = cos x dx
ln | y | = sin x + C
or y = Aesin x
dy
(d) dx = x cos y
1
cos y dy = x dx
sec y dy = x dx
x2
ln | sec y + tan y | = 2 + C
dy
(e) = 1 + cos 2x cos y
dx
1
dy = 1 + cos 2x dx
cos y
sec y dy = ( 1 + cos 2x ) dx
1
ln | sec y + tan y | =x+ 2 sin 2x + C
dy
(f) = 1 + cos 2y cos x
dx
1
1 + cos 2y dy = cos x dx
1
dy = cos x dx
2 cos2 y
1
2 sec2 y dy = cos x dx
1
2 tan y = sin x + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise J, Question 4
Question:
Find particular solutions of the following differential equations using the given
boundary conditions.
dy
(a) dx
= sin x cos2 x; y = 0, x = 3
dy
(b) dx
= sec2 x sec2 y; y = 0, x = 4
dy
(c) dx
= 2 cos2 y cos2 x; y = 4
,x=0
dy
(d) 1 x2 = xy + y ; x = 0.5, y = 6
dx
dy 2 ; x = 5, y = 1
(e) 2 1+x = 1 y
dx 2
Solution:
dy
(a) dx = sin x cos2 x
dy = sin x cos2 x dx
cos3 x
y= 3 + C
1
( )
8 1
y = 0, x = 3 0= 3 + C C= 24
1 1
y= 24 3 cos3 x
dy
(b) dx = sec2 x sec2 y
1
dy = sec2 x dx
sec2 y
cos2 y dy = sec2 x dx
1 1
+ cos 2y dy = sec2 x dx
2 2
1 1
2y + 4 sin 2y = tan x + C
or sin 2y + 2y = 4 tan x + k
y = 0, x = 4 0=4+ k k= 4
sin 2y + 2y = 4 tan x 4
dy
(c) dx = 2 cos2 y cos2 x
1
dy = 2 cos2 x dx
cos2 y
sec2 y dy = ( 1 + cos 2x ) dx
1
tan y = x + 2 sin 2x + C
x = 0, y= 4 1=0+ C
1
tan y = x + 2 sin 2x + 1
dy
(d) 1 x2 = xy + y
dx
dy
1 x2 = x+1 y
dx
1 1+x
y dy = dx
1 x2
1 1+x
y dy = (1x) (1+x) dx
1 1
y dy = 1x dx
ln | y | = ln | 1 x | + C
1
x = 0.5, y=6 ln 6 = ln 2 + C C = ln 3
ln | y | = ln 3 ln | 1 x |
3
or y = 1x
dy
(e) 2 1+x = 1 y2
dx
2 1
2
dy = 1+x dx
1y
2 A B
1y + 1+y
1 y2
2A(1+y) +B(1y)
y=1 2 = 2A A=1
y= 1 2 = 2B B=1
1 1 1
+ dy = 1 + x dx
1+y 1y
ln | 1 + y | ln | 1 y | = ln | 1 + x | + C
1+y
ln = ln | k ( 1 + x ) | C = ln k
1y
1+y
=k 1+x
1y
3
1 2 1
x = 5, y = 2 1
= 6k k= 2
2
1+y 1+x
1y = 2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise K, Question 1
Question:
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise K, Question 2
Question:
Solution:
dN N
dt = 3
1 1
N dN = 3 dt
1
ln | N | = 3t + C
1
N = Ae 3
t
t = 0, N = N0 N0 = Ae0 A = N0
1
N = N0 e 3
t
1 1 1
N= 2 N0 2 = e 3
t
1
ln 2 = 3t
t = 3 ln 2 or 2.08
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise K, Question 3
Question:
The mass M at time t of the leaves of a certain plant varies according to the
dM
differential equation dt
= M M2.
1 1 A B
M(1M)
dM = 1 dt but M(1M)
M
+ 1M
1 A ( 1 M ) + BM
M=0: 1 = 1A , A = 1
M=1: 1 = 1B , B = 1
1 1
+ dM = 1dt
M 1 M
ln | M | ln | 1 M | =t+ C
M
ln =t+ C
1 M
M
1M = Aet
0.5
(a) t = 0, M = 0.5 0.5 = Ae0 A=1
et
M= et etM M=
1 + et
eln 2 2 2
(b) t = ln 2 M= = =
1+ eln 2 1+2 3
1 1
(c) t M= 1 =1
et+1
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise K, Question 4
Question:
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise K, Question 5
Question:
dx 1
The thickness of ice x mm on a pond is increasing and dt
= , where t is
20x2
measured in hours. Find how long it takes the thickness of ice to increase from 1
mm to 2 mm.
Solution:
dx 1
dt =
20x2
1
x2 dx = 20 dt
1 3 t
3x = 20 + C
1
t = 0, x = 1 3 =C
20 ( x3 1 )
3 =t
20
x=2 t= 81
3
140 2
t= 3 or 46 3
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise K, Question 6
Question:
dh
The depth h metres of fluid in a tank at time t minutes satisfies dt
= k h,
where k is a positive constant. Find, in terms of k, how long it takes the depth to
decrease from 9 m to 4 m.
Solution:
dh
dt = kh
1
dh = k dt
1
h 2
1
h 2 dh = k dt
1
2h 2 = kt + C
t = 0, h = 9 2 3 = 0 + C C=6
1
2h 2 6 = kt
62h
or t = k
622 2
h=4 t= k = k
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise K, Question 7
Question:
dr
The rate of increase of the radius r kilometres of an oil slick is given by dt
=
k
, where k is a positive constant. When the slick was first observed the radius
r2
was 3 km. Two days later it was 5 km. Find, to the nearest day when the radius
will be 6.
Solution:
dr k
dt =
r2
r2 dr = k dt
1 3
3r = kt + C
27
t = 0, r = 3 3 =C C=9
1 3
kt = 3r 9
125 1
t = 2, r = 5 2k = 3 9 k = 16 3
49 1 3
3 t = 3r 9
r3 27
or t = 49
63 27
r=6 t= 49 = 3.85... = 4 days
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 1
Question:
3
48
It is given that y = x 2 + x
, x > 0.
dy
(a) Find the value of x and the value of y when dx
= 0.
(c) Find, by integration, the area of R giving your answer in the form p + q ln r,
where the numbers p, q and r are to be found.
Solution:
3 dy 3 1
(a) y = x 2 + 48x 1 dx = 2x
2 48x 2
dy 3 1 48
dx =0 2x
2 =
x2
5 2
x 2 = 3 48 = 32
x = 4, y = 23 + 12 = 20
x = 4 , y = 20
d2y 3 1
(b) = 4x
2 + 96x 3 > 0 for all x > 0
dx2
20 is a minimum value of y
3
48
(c) Area = 14 x 2 + dx
x
5
2 4
= x 2 + 48 ln | x |
5 1
2 2
= 32 + 48 ln 4 +0
5 5
62
= 5 + 48 ln 4
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 2
Question:
Solution:
dy
( )
dy dt 6t2
(a) dx = dx
= 6t =t
( )
dt
P is (12, 16)
tangent is y 16 = 2 ( x 12 ) or y = 2x 8
(b) Substitute x = 3t2, y = 2t3 into the equation for the tangent
2t3 = 6t2 8
t3 3t2 + 4 = 0
(t2) 2(t+1) =0
t = 1 at Q ( 3 , 2 )
(c)
Area of R = A1 T1 + A2 + T2
A1 + A2 = y dx = t = 1t = 22t3 6t dt = 1212t4 dt
12 5 2= 12 32 12
= t 5 = 79.2
5 1 5
1
T1 = 2 16 8 = 64
1
T2 = 2 12=1
area of R = 79.2 64 + 1 = 16.2
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 3
Question:
1
(a) Show that ( 1 + sin 2x ) 2 3 + 4 sin 2x cos 4x .
2
(b) The finite region bounded by the curve with equation y = 1 + sin 2x, the x-axis, the y-
axis and the line with equation x = 2
is rotated through 2 about the x-axis.
Using calculus, calculate the volume of the solid generated, giving your answer in terms
of .
Solution:
(b) V = y2 dx = 0 2 ( 1 + sin 2x ) 2 dx
= 0 2 3 + 4 sin 2x cos 4x dx
2
1
= 3x 2 cos 2x 4 sin 4x 0 2
2
3 1
= 2 cos 4 sin 2 020
2 2
3
= +2+2
2 2
= 3 + 8
4
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 4
Question:
(a) Find f ( x ) .
(c) Find f ( x ) dx .
The shaded region R is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the lines x = 2 and
x = 4.
Solution:
1 1 1
(a) f x = 2e 2x 2
x
0.5x 1
(c) e + x dx = 2e0.5x + ln | x | + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 5
Question:
Solution:
(a) I = xe x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv
dx =ex v= ex
I = xe x ( e x ) dx
i.e. I = xe x e x + C
dy x
(b) ex dx = sin 2y
sin 2y dy = xe x dx
1
2 cos 2y = xe x e x + C
x = 0, y = 4 0=01+ C C=1
1
2 cos 2y = xe x + e x 1
or cos 2y = 2 ( xe x + e x 1 )
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 6
Question:
The diagram shows the finite shaded region bounded by the curve with equation
y = x2 + 3, the lines x = 1, x = 0 and the x-axis. This region is rotated through 360
about the x-axis.
Find the volume generated.
Solution:
V = 01y2 dx = 01 ( x2 + 3 ) 2 dx
= 01 ( x4 + 6x2 + 9 ) dx
1 5
= x + 2x3 + 9x 01
5
1
= +2+9 0
5
56
= 5
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 7
Question:
1
(a) Find x(x+1)
dx
Solution:
1 1 1
(a) x(x+1) = x x+1
1 1 1
dx = dx
x(x+1) x x + 1
= ln | x | ln | x + 1 | + C
x
= ln + C
x+1
1
(b) I = dx u = ex du = ex dx
1+ ex
x
1 1 u e
I= du = ln + C or ln
(1+u) u 1 + u 1+e
x
+ C
(c) I = x2 sin x dx
du
u = x2 dx = 2x
dv
dx = sin x v = cos x
I = x2 cos x ( cos x ) 2x dx
= x2 cos x + 2x cos x dx
Let J = 2x cos x dx
du
u = 2x dx =2
dv
dx = cos x v = sin x
J = 2x sin x 2 sin x dx
= 2x sin x + 2 cos x + C
I = x2 cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x + k
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 8
Question:
Solution:
(a) I = x sin 2x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv 1
dx = sin 2x v= 2 cos 2x
1 1
I= 2 x cos 2x 2 cos 2x dx
1 1
= 2 x cos 2x + 4 sin 2x + C
dy
(b) dx = x sin 2x cos2 y
sec2 y dy = x sin 2x dx
1 1
tan y = 2 x cos 2x + 4 sin 2x + C
1 1
y = 0, x = 4 0=0+ 4 + C C= 4
1 1 1
tan y = 2 x cos 2x + 4 sin 2x 4
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 9
Question:
Solution:
(a) I = x cos 2x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv 1
dx = cos 2x v= 2 sin 2x
x 1
I= 2 sin 2x 2 sin 2x dx
x 1
= 2 sin 2x + 4 cos 2x + C
(b) V = 0 2 y2 dx = 0 2 4x sin2 x dx
cos 2A = 1 2 sin2 A 2 sin2 x = 1 cos 2x
V = 0 2 2x 1 cos 2x dx
= 0 2x dx 2 0 2 x cos 2x dx
2
x 1
= [ x2 ] 0 2 2 sin 2x + cos 2x 0 2
2 4
3 1 1
= 2 sin + cos 0+ 4
4 4 4
3
= 4 +
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 10
Question:
A curve has equation y = f ( x ) and passes through the point with coordinates
1
( 0 , 1 ) . Given that f x = 2 e2x 6x ,
1
(a) f x = 2 e2x 6x
1
f x = 4 e2x 3x2 + C
1 5
f 0 = 1 1= 0+ C C=
4 4
1 5
f x = 4 e2x 3x2 4
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 11
Question:
1
2
f x = 16x 2 , x > 0.
x
(b) Find f ( x ) dx .
Solution:
1
2
(a) f x =0 16x 2 =
x
3
16x 2 =2
3 1
x 2 = 8
3 1 2 1
x= \ 8 = 4
3
1
2 16x 2
(b) 16x 2 dx = 2 ln | x | + C
x 3
2
32 3
= 3 x
2 2 ln | x | + C
3
(c) 1 4f x
dx =
32
x 2 2 ln | x |
4
3 1
32 32
= 23 2 ln 4 0
3 3
224
= 3 2 ln 4
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 12
Question:
Solution:
V = 13y2 dx = 13 ( x2 + 3 ) 2 dx
= 13 ( x4 + 6x2 + 9 ) dx
1 5
= x + 2x3 + 9x 13
5
243 1
= + 54 + 27 +2+9
5 5
242
= + 81 11
5
= 118.4
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 13
Question:
(a) Find x ( x2 + 3 ) 5 dx
1 2
(b) Show that 1e 2
ln x dx = 1 e
x
1 1 4p 2
(c) Given that p > 1, show that 1p ( x + 1 ) ( 2x 1 )
dx = 3
ln p+1
Solution:
(a) Let y = ( x2 + 3 ) 6
dy
dx = 6 ( x2 + 3 ) 5 2x
1
x ( x2 + 3 ) 5 dx = 12 ( x2 + 3 ) 6 + C
1
(b) I = 1e ln x dx
x2
du 1
u = ln x dx = x
dv 1 1
dx = v= x
x2
1 1
I= x ln x 1e 1e 2 dx
x
1 1 e
= e 0 + x
1
1 1
= + e 1
e
2
=1 e
1 A B
(c) ( x + 1 ) ( 2x 1 ) x+1 + 2x 1
1 A ( 2x 1 ) + B ( x + 1 )
1 3 2
x= 2 1= 2B B= 3
1
x= 1 1 = 3A A= 3
2 1
1 3 3
1 p dx = p
( x + 1 ) ( 2x 1 ) 1 2x 1 + x + 1 dx
1 1 p
= ln | 2x 1 | 3 ln | x + 1 |
3 1
1 2x 1 p
= ln
3 x+1 1
1 2p 1 1 1
= ln ln
3 p+1 3 2
1 4p 2
= ln
3 p+1
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 14
Question:
2
5x 8x + 1 A B C
f x x + x1 +
2x ( x 1 ) 2
(x1) 2
32 5
(c) Hence show that 49f x dx = ln
3 24
Solution:
2
5x 8x + 1 A B C
(a) f x x + x1 +
2x ( x 1 ) 2
(x1) 2
x=1 2 = 2C C= 1
Coefficients of x2: 5 = 2A + 2B B=2
1
2 2
1
(b) f x dx = x + x1 dx
(x1) 2
1 1
= 2 ln | x | + 2 ln | x 1 | + x1 + C
1 1 9
(c) 49f x dx = 2 ln | x | + 2 ln | x 1 | +
x1 4
1
= ln | x ( x 1 ) 2 | + x 1 49
1 1
= ln 3 64 + 8 ln 29 + 3
3 64 1 1
= ln +
29 8 3
32 5
= ln 3 24
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 15
Question:
(a) Find the gradient of the curve at the point P at which = 4
.
(c) Find the coordinates of the point R where this tangent meets the x-axis.
The shaded region is bounded by the tangent PR, the curve and the x-axis.
(d) Find the area of the shaded region, leaving your answer in terms of .
Solution:
dy dy d 4 cos
(a) dx = d dx = 5 sin
4
gradient of tangent at P = 5
5 4
(b) P = ,
2 2
equation of tangent is
4 4 5 4 5
y 2 = x 2 or y22= x 2
5 5
52 52
(c) At R, y = 0 x= 2 + 2 =52
R is ( 5 2 , 0 )
(d)
1 5 4 1 5 4
A1 + A2 = 52 2 2 = 2 2 =5
2 2
04 sin
A1 = y dx = 5 sin d
4
= 10 0 4 1 cos 2 d
= [ 10 5 sin 2 ] 0 4
5
= 2 5
5
A2 = 5 A1 = 5 5 = 10 2.5
2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 16
Question:
(d) Deduce that the line which is a tangent to C at the point (1, 1) has equation
y = x.
(e) Find the coordinates of the point where the line y = x again meets the curve
C.
Solution:
dy
(a) dx = xy2
1
dy = x dx
y2
1 x2
y = 2 + C
2
or y = k = 2C
x2 + k
2
(b) y = 1, x = 1 1= 1+ k k= 3
2
y=
3 x2
for x2 3 and y > 0, i.e. 3 < x < 3
dy
(c) When x = 1, y = 1 dx is 1
2
(e) x = x3 + 3x = 2 or x3 3x + 2 = 0
3 x2
(x1) 2(x+2) =0
y = x meets curve at ( 2 , 2 ) .
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 17
Question:
dy
(a) Find dx
, giving your answer in terms of t.
revolution.
(d) Use calculus to calculate the volume of the solid revolution formed, giving
your answer in the form ka3, where k is an exact fraction.
Solution:
dy dy dt a sin t 1
(a) dx = dt dx = 2a sin t cos t = 2 sec t
3 1 1
(b) P is a , a , so cos t =
4 2 2
1
M= = 1
1
2
2
1 3
tangent is y 2a = 1 x 4a
5
or y= x+ 4a
x y2
(c) sin2 t + cos2 t =1 + =1
a a2
or y2 = a2 ax
1 1 2 5 3 a3
cone = 3 a a a =
2 4 4 24
ay2 dx 2 a
3 = a x 2 x2 3 a
4
a 4
a
3 a3
3 a 3 3 9 3
= a 2 a 32 a = 32
4
3 a3 a3
a
Volume = 32 = 96
24
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 18
Question:
(b) Given that y = 4
when x = 0, solve the differential equation
dy x
( 1 + 2x ) 2 dx
=
sin2 y
Solution:
4x
(a) I = dx
( 1 + 2x ) 2
u = 1 + 2x
du
2 = dx and 4x = 2 ( u 1 )
2(u1) du
I= 2
u2
1
= u 2 du
u
1
= ln | u | + u + C
1
= ln | 1 + 2x | + 1 + 2x + C
dy x
(b) ( 1 + 2x ) 2 dx =
sin2 y
x
sin2 y dy = dx
( 1 + 2x ) 2
4x
4 sin2 y dy = dx
( 1 + 2x ) 2
( 2 2 cos 2y ) dy = I
1
2y sin 2y = ln | 1 + 2x | + 1 + 2x + C
x = 0, y = 4 2 1 = ln 1 + 1 + C
C= 2 2
1
2y sin 2y = ln | 1 + 2x | + 1 + 2x + 2 2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 19
Question:
1 1
The diagram shows the curve with equation y = xe2x, 2
x 2
.
1
The finite region R1 bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 2
has
area A1.
1
The finite region R2 bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 2
has area
A2.
Solution:
(a) xe2x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv 1 2x
dx = e2x v= 2e
1 2x 1 2x 1 2x 1 2x
xe2x dx = 2 xe 2 e dx = 2 xe 4e + C
1 2x 1 2x
10
A1 = xe 4e
2 2
1 1 1
= 0 4 4e 1 4e 1
1
= 1 2e 1
4
1
1 2x 1 2x
A2 = xe 4e
2
2 0
1 1 1 1 1
= e 4e 0 4
4
1
= 4
1
( 1 2e 1 )
A1 4 e2
(b) A2 = 1
= 1 2e 1 = e
4
A1: A2 = ( e 2 ) : e
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 20
Question:
Solution:
I = x2e x dx
du
u = x2 dx = 2x
dv
dx =ex v= ex
I = x2e x ( e x ) 2x dx
= x2e x + 2x e x dx
J = 2xe x dx
du
u = 2x dx =2
dv
dx =ex v= ex
J = 2xe x ( e x ) 2 dx
= 2xe x 2e x + k
I = x2e x 2xe x 2e x + C
dy
dx = x2e3y x = x2e x e3y
e 3y dy = x2e x dx
1 3y
3e = x2e x 2xe x 2e x + C
1 5
x = 0, y = 0 3 = 2+ C C= 3
1 3y 5
3e = x2e x + 2xe x + 2e x 3
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 21
Question:
The curve with equation y = e3x + 1 meets the line y = 8 at the point (h, 8).
(b) Show that the area of the finite region enclosed by the curve with
1
equation y = e3x + 1, the x-axis, the y-axis and the line x = h is 2 + 3
ln 7.
Solution:
(b)
1
Area = 0 3 ln7y dx
1
= 0 3 ln7 e3x + 1 dx
1
1 3x ln 7
= e +x 0 3
3
1 ln 7 1 1
= e + ln 7 +0
3 3 3
1 1
= 7 + ln 7 3
3
1
= 6 + ln 7
3
1
=2+ 3 ln 7
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 22
Question:
x2 B C
(a) A+ +
x2 1 x1 x+1
x2 A ( x 1 ) ( x + 1 ) + B ( x + 1 ) + C(x1)
1
x=1 1 = 2B B= 2
1
x= 1 1 = 2C C= 2.
dx ( x2 1 )
(b) =2
dt x2
x2
dx = 2 dt
x2 1
1 1
( ) ( )
2 2
1+ x1 x+1 dx = 2t
1 x1
x+ ln = 2t + C
2 x+1
1 1 1 1
x = 2, t = 1 2+ 2 ln 3 =2+ C C= 2 ln 3
1 x1 1 1
x+ ln = 2t + ln
2 x+1 2 3
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 23
Question:
(c) Using integration, and explaining each step in your method, find the volume
of S, giving your answer in terms of .
Solution:
dy dy dt 2t
(a) dx = dt dx = 2 = t.
1
at P (6, 9) gradient of normal is 3
1 1
equation of normal is y 9 = x6 or y= 3x + 11
3
x2
(b) x = 2t, y = t2 y= 4
B is (0, 11)
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 24
Question:
Shown is part of the curve with equation y = e2x e x. The shaded region R is
bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line with equation x = 1.
Use calculus to find the area of R, giving your answer in terms of e.
Solution:
Area = 01 ( e2x e x ) dx
1 2x
= e + e x 01
2
1 2 1
= e +e1 +1
2 2
1 2 2
= e + e 3
2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 25
Question:
dy
(a) Given that 2y = x sin x cos x, show that dx
= sin2 x.
(b) sin2 x dx = y + C1
x 1
= 2 2 sin x cos x + C1
(c) x sin2 x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv
= sin2 x v = b
dx
x2 1 x 1
x sin2 x dx = 2 x sin x cos x sin x cos x dx
2 2 2
x2 1 x2 1
= 2 2 x sin x cos x 4 + 4 sin 2x dx
x2 1 1
= 4 2 x sin x cos x 8 cos 2x + C2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 26
Question:
The rate, in cm3 s 1, at which oil is leaking from an engine sump at any time
t seconds is proportional to the volume of oil, V cm3, in the sump at that instant.
At time t = 0, V = A.
(a) By forming and integrating a differential equation, show that
V = Ae kt
where k is a positive constant.
(b)
1 1
(c) t = T, V = 2A 2A = Ae kT
ln 2 = kT
kT = ln 2
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 27
Question:
(b) Using integration and showing all your working, find the area of R.
Solution:
3 2
t
dy dy dt 2 3t2
(a) dx = dt dx = 2(t+1) = 4(t+1)
43
At P (9, 7) gradient of normal is = 1
3 22
equation of line S is y7= 1(x9)
i.e. y = x + 16 or y + x = 16
1 3
x = 1x = 9y dx = t = 0t = 2 t + 3 2 t+1 dt
2
= 02 ( t4 + t3 + 6t + 6 ) dt
1 5 1 4 6t2
= t + 4 t + 2 + 6t 02
5
32 16
= + +34+62 0
5 4
= 34.4
1
Area = 34.4 + 2 72 = 58.9
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 28
Question:
(d) Use calculus to find, in terms of , the area of the shaded region.
Solution:
(a) At A, y = 0 sin 2t = 0 2t = 0 or t= 2
2
2
A is , 0 or , 0
2 4
dy 2 cos 2t cos 2t
(b) dx = 2t = t
cos 1 2
(c) Gradient of tangent at A is = =
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
equation of tangent is y0= x 4
22
y = 2x + 4
or 2y + 4x = 2
(d) Area = y dx = t = 0t = 2 sin 2t 2t dt
du
u=t dt =1
dv
dt = 2 sin 2t v = cos 2t
Area = [ t cos 2t ] 0 2 0 2 cos 2t dt
1
= + 2 0 + sin 2t 0 2 =
2 2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 29
Question:
(b) x ln x dx.
Using the substitution t2 = x + 1, where x > 1, t > 0,
x
(c) Find \x+1
dx.
x
(d) Hence evaluate 03 \x+1
dx.
Solution:
dy
(a) Let y = sin3 x dx = 3 sin2 x cos x
1
sin2 x cos x dx = 3 sin3 x + C
(b) x ln x dx
du 1
u = ln x dx = x
dv 1 2
dx =x v= 2x
1 2 1 2 1
x ln x dx = 2 x ln x 2x x dx
1 2 x2
= 2 x ln x 4 + C
(c) t2 = x + 1 2t dt = dx
x
I= \ x + 1 dx
t2 1
= t 2t dt
= ( 2t2 2 ) dt
2 3
= 3t 2t + C
2 3
= 3 (x+1) 2 2\ x + 1 + C
2
= 3\ x+1 x2 + C
x 2
(d) 03 \ x + 1 dx = x2 \ x + 1 03
3
2 4 8
= 2 3 = 3
3
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 30
Question:
Solution:
du
(a) u = 1 + 2x2 du = 4x dx x dx = 4
u5 u6 ( 1 + 2x2 ) 6
So x ( 1 + 2x2 ) 5 dx = 4 du = 24 + C1 = 24 + C1
dy
(b) dx = x ( 1 + 2x2 ) 5 cos2 2y
sec2 2y dy = x ( 1 + 2x2 ) 5 dx
1 ( 1 + 2x2 ) 6
2 tan 2y = 24 + C2
1 1 11
y= 8 ,x=0 2 = 24 + C2 C2 = 24
( 1 + 2x2 ) 6 11
tan 2y = 12 + 12
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 31
Question:
Find x2 ln 2x dx.
Solution:
I = x2 ln 2x dx
du 1
u = ln 2x dx = x
dv x3
dx = x2 v= 3
x3 x3 1
I= 3 ln 2x 3 x dx
x3 x2
= 3 ln 2x 3 dx
x3 x3
= 3 ln 2x 9 + C
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 32
Question:
Solution:
dy
x x+2 =y
dx
1 1
y dy = x(x+2) dx
1 A B
x(x+2) x + x+2
1 A ( x + 2 ) + Bx
1
x=0 1 = 2A A= 2
1
x= 2 1 = 2B B= 2
1 1
( 2 ) (
2
)
So ln y = x x+2 dx
1 1
= 2 ln | x | 2 ln | x + 2 | + C
kx 1
y=\ C = 2 ln k
x+2
2k
x = 2, y = 2 2=\ 4 42=k
8x 8x
y=\ x+2 or y2 = x+2
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 33
Question:
Solution:
(a) I = 0 4 x sec2 x dx
du
u=x dx =1
dv
dx = sec2 x v = tan x
I = [ x tan x ] 0 4 0 4 tan x dx
= 0 [ ln | sec x | ] 0 4
4
= ln 2 ln 1
4
1
= 4 2 ln 2
(b) V = 0 2
4 y dx = 0 4 x sec2 x dx
2
Using (a) V= 4 2 ln 2 = 1.38 (3 s.f.)
dy 1 1 1
(c) dx = 2x
2 sec x + x 2 sec x tan x
dy 1 2 2
At x = 4 dx = 2 2+ 2 21=\ +\ 2 = 2.05 (3
s.f.)
Pearson Education Ltd 2009
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise L, Question 34
Question:
Part of the design of a stained glass window is shown. The two loops enclose an
area of blue glass. The remaining area within the rectangle ABCD is red glass.
The loops are described by the curve with parametric equations
x = 3 cos t, y = 9 sin 2t, 0 t < 2.
(b) Show that the shaded area enclosed by the curve and the x-axis, is given by
0 2 A sin 2t sin t dt, stating the value of the constant A.
Solution:
(a) x = 3 cos t
y = 9 sin 2t y = 18 cos t sin t
y = 6x sin t
x y
cos t = 3, sin t = 6x
x2 y2
cos2 t + sin2 t =1 + =1
9 36x2
(b)
Area = y dx
t = 09 sin 2t
= t= 3 sin t dt
2
= 27 0 2 sin 2t sin t dt
(c) 27 0 2 sin 2t sin t dt = 54 0 2 sin2 t cos t dt
3
54 sin t
= 2
3 0
= ( 18 1 ) ( 0 )
= 18