ANSWER-ELECTROCHEMISTRY

1 (a) To allow the flow of ion through it 1 1

(b) (i) 2I- I2 + 2e 1 1

(ii) Iodine 1 1

(iii) 1. Method 1 3
1
2. Reagent used 1
3. Observation
Sample answer
Add a few drops

Of starch solution
Dark blue colouration is formed

(c) (i) +7 +2 1 1
(ii) Reduction 1 1
(d) (i) Mark X at the electrode immersed in potassium iodide 1 1
solution
(ii) Correct flow of electron: arrow shows the movement of 1 1
electron from carbon electrode X to carbon electrode
through external circuit
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2 (a) CI- and OH- 1 1

(b) (i) Greenish-yellow gas. 1 3

(ii) Chlorine gas. 1

(iii) 2CI- Cl2 + 2e 1

(c) Put a lighted wooden splinter to the mouth of the test tube 1 2
(containing the gas)
Pop sound is heard. 1
(d) (i) Hydroxide ion/ OH- 1 2
OH- is discharge because the position of OH- is lower than
Cl- in the electrochemical series. 1
(ii) Concentration of ions in the electrolyte/ Position of ions in 1 1
the electrochemical series/ Types of electrodes. (any one)
(e) Electrical energy chemical energy. 1 1

1
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3 (a) (i) To allow the flow of ions 1

(ii) From KI to KMnO4 through external circuit 1
(iii) Purple to colourless 1
(iv) Iodide ion/ potassium iodide 1
-
(v) 2I I2 +2e 1
(b) (i) Green to brown 1
(ii) 0 to -1 1
(iii) Br2 + 2Fe2+ 2Br- + 2Fe3+

Correct formulae of reactants & products 1

1
Balance the equation

(iv) Add sodium hydroxide solution // potassium

hexacyanoferrate(II) solution // potassium thiocyanate solution //
ammonia solution 1+1
Brown precipitate // dark blue precipitate // blood red
colouration // Brown precipitate

(iv) Add sodium hydroxide solution 11

Brown precpitate formed
The precipitate do not dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide

4 (a) R, P, Q 1 1
(b) (i) Silver nitrate 1 4
+ 2+
(ii) 2Ag + Cu Cu + 2Ag 2
(iii) Colourless solution turns blue / light blue // brown metal / 1
copper/ P dissolve / thinner // grey solid deposit formed
(c) 1. R is more electropositive than P // the position of R is higher than 1 2
P in electrochemical series
2. P cannot displace R from its nitrate / salt solution 1
(d) (i) V 2 3

P Q

Electrolyte

2
 (ii) Q 1
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5 (a) 1. Green solid change to black 1 2

2. Lime water turns chalky / milky / cloudy 1
(b) CuCO3 CuO + CO2 1 1
(c) Sulphuric acid 1 1
(d) (i) Cu2+ , SO42- , H+ , OH- 1 7
Copper (II) ion, sulphate ion, hydrogen ion, hydroxide ion
(ii)
Factor affecting
Cell Product formed at anode the product
formed at anode
2
Position of ion in
I Oxygen gas // O2 electrochemical
series 2

II Copper (II) ion // Cu2+ Type of electrode

(iii) 1. The rate of copper (II) ion discharge at cathode same as the 1
rate of copper atom dissolves at anode
2. The concentration of copper (II) ion remain unchanged 1
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6 (a) To allow the movement of ions 1 1

(b) (i) Brown colour of bromine water turns colourless 1 2
(ii) Green colour of iron (II) sulphate solution turns brown 1
(c) (i) Br2 + 2e 2Br- 1 3
(ii) 0 to -1 1
(iii) Reduction reaction 1
(d) (i) Fe2+ Fe3+ + e 1 2
(ii) Potassium iodide solution, Kl // 1
Reactive metals, e.g. Zinc, Zn
(e) Br2 + 2Fe2+ 2Br- + 2Fe3+ 1 1
(f) YX 1 1
(g) Bromine water 1 1
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7 (a) Copper (II) ion, hydrogen ion // Cu2+ , H+ 1 1

3
 (b) 2
Experiment I Cathode : Brown solid deposited 1

Experiment II Cathode : Brown solid deposited 1

(c) (i) Oxygen 1 2

(ii) Insert a glowing splinter into the test tube. The glowing 1
splinter relights
(d) (i) Chloride ion // Cl- ion 1 5
Concentration of Cl- ion is higher than OH- ion 1
(ii) Correct formulae of reactant and products 1
Balanced equation 1
2Cl- Cl2 +2e
(iii) Chlorine // Cl2 1
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8 (a) Cu2+ , H+ 1 1
(b) (i) Y / copper electrode Y 1 2
(ii) Copper 1
2+
(c) Number// rate of Cu ions discharged at the cathode is the same as 1 2
number / rate of Cu2+ ions formed at the anode
The concentration of Cu2+ ions remains unchanged. 1
(d) (i) Cu Cu2+ + 2e 1 2
(ii) Gas bubbles released 1
(e) (i) A 2 3

Silver plate
Iron sp oon kepingan
Sudu besi argentum

Silver nitrate solution

larutan argentum nitrat

(ii) Rotate the iron spoon slowly // 1

Use dilute silver nitrate solution //
Use low electric current
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9 (a) From X electrode to Y electrode 1 2

X is more electropositive than Y // X is placed above Y in the 1
electrochemical series
(b) W, Z, X, V, Y 1 1

4
 (c) (i) Z 1 2
(ii) 1.10 V 1
(d) (i) Reduction 1 5
(ii) Grey solid deposited 1
(iii) 2Br - Br2 +2e 1
(iv) Bromine gas 1
(v) Electrical energy to chemical energy 1
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10 (a) Voltaic cell 1 1

(b) Na2SO4 1 1
(c) (i) From magnesiubm plate to copper plate in the external circuit 1 3
(ii) magnesium electrode : oxidation 1
Copper electrode : reduction 1
(d) Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu 1 1
(e) (i) Colourless solution turns brown 1 2
(ii) 2Br- Br2 + 2e 1
(f) Fe2+ ion is oxidized to Fe3+ ion 1 2
Bromine acts as oxidizing agent / Bromine receive electron from Fe2+ 1
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11 (a) Sulphuric acid / potassium sulphate / potassium nitrate 1 1

(b) From electrode P to electrode Q 1 1

(c) (i) Colourless change to brown 1

(ii) Add starch solution 1 3

Dark blue precipitate is formed 1

(d) Iodide ion // potassium iodide 1

Loss electron // increase in oxidation number 1 2

(e) Cl2 + 2e 2Cl- 1 1

(f) Bromine water // acidified KMnO4 solution // acidified K2Cr2O7 1 1
solution
(g) 0 -1 10

12 (a) H+, OH-, Cu2+,SO42-

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(b) (i) Product: Oxygen gas.
Equation: 4OH-(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2 (g) + 4e

(ii) Brown solid, copper metal is deposited on the cathode. The

blue colour of Cu2+ solution fades.

(iii) Colour change: The blue litmus paper turns red.

Reason: The remains solution have higher concentration of
H+ ions as OH - ions are selective discharge at the anode.
Hence, the remaining solution is acidic,

(c) (i) Anode dissolves into the solution to form Cu2+ // Anodes
becomes thinner.
(ii) Brown solid copper metal would be deposited to cathode as
well. However, no oxygen gas will be produced at the
anode. Instead, the reactive copper electrode dissolves to
form Cu2+ thus it became thinner. The blue colour of Cu2+
solution remains unchanged as the concentration of Cu2+
ions remains unchanged.

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