WATER SUPPLY TECHNOLOGIES

Dug well (h<10m)

Tubewell
Shallow Tubewell (h<7.5m)
Deep-set Intermediate Tech (h<30m)
Deep tubewell (h>75m)
Alternative technologies
Pond sand filter
Rain water harvesting etc.
 SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER
(1) Ground Water
n the main source of water supply in urban and rural
areas
n Free from Pathogens and requires no treatment

q Urban Area: power driven production wells

access to safe drinking water-99%
Public water suply-47%
q Rural Area: Hand pumps
90% have access to tubewell within 150 m
(2) Surface Water: Pond sand filter (suitable for coastal belt)

(3) Rain Water: Rain water harvesting (Suitable for arsenic

affected areas)
 Oldest method, low cost, no special equipment or skill
necessary.
A hole is dug to a depth
below the GWT(<10m)
and Dia >1.2m
Depth of Community
dug-well=20~30 m
Walls are lined to
prevent water seeping,
prevent caving and
collapse of soil during
construction
Open Dug well Closed Dug well by tubewell
Bacterial contamination
of well water
n Can be Protected by
sealing the well top with
water tight concrete slab

Application areas:
In Hilly areas, where handpump tubewells are not always
possible. In acute Arsenic and Iron problem areas, because
Dug well water is free from Arsenic and Iron
n
n
n
 Draw water from shallow depth by creating
vacuum in the suction pipe
Extract water from a depth of 7.5m

1. No. 6 handpump tubewell

2. Rower pump tubewell
3. Disco pump tubewell
No. 6 Hand Pump Tubewell
Barrel diameter is 6 inch
Theoretical lifting capacity 32.8 ft
Average Discharge 30~40 liters /min
Design Life: 15 ~20 years or more
Components:
Handpump
Blind pipe (rising pipe)
Strainer/screen: 38mm dia PVC
Sand trap
No. 6 Hand Pump Tubewell
Barrel diameter is 6 inch
Theoretical lifting capacity 32.8 ft
Average Discharge 30~40 liters /min
Design Life: 15 ~20 years or more
Components:
Handpump
Blind pipe (rising pipe)
Strainer/screen: 38mm dia PVC
Sand trap
No. 6 Hand Pump Tubewell
Barrel diameter is 6 inch
Theoretical lifting capacity 32.8 ft
Average Discharge 30~40 liters /min
Design Life: 15 ~20 years or more
Components:
Handpump
Blind pipe (rising pipe)
Strainer/screen: 38mm dia PVC
Sand trap
No. 6 Hand Pump Tubewell
Barrel diameter is 6 inch
Theoretical lifting capacity 32.8 ft
Average Discharge 30~40 liters /min
Design Life: 15 ~20 years or more
Components:
Handpump
Blind pipe (rising pipe)
Strainer/screen: 38mm dia PVC
Sand trap
Working Principle:
A vacuum is created within the
cylinder of the pump by raising the
piston.in order to fill up the vacuum
,water enters in the cylinder.
In the second stoke when the
piston is lowered down,the water
enters in the upper chamber and
comes outs of the pump through the
spout.
Modified No.6 hand pump
Suction action is extended
by extending the suction rod
about 1-3 m.
About 75 mm diameter GI
pipe is used as casing.
h = 7-10m
Due to irrigation in dry season WT goes down, so,
No. 6 handpumps go out of operation.

h = 15 - 30m

Tara Handpump tubewell

Moon Handpump tubewell
Bangla Handpump tubewell
Mark-II Handpump tubewell
h = 15 m
expected life 3 to 5 years
Average discharge 24 litres /min
Main components: pumphead, handle, pump
rod, piston assembly, foot valve assembly and
cylinder.
The lower part is similar to No. 6 handpump.
This pump does not proved to be user
friendly.
Problems:
q Because of direct actions, more force is
required even at low head
q Buoyancing forces is not always available
due to leakage
q Moderate output for 7m lift and very low
output for 12m lift.
q Repairing is inconvenient
Moon handpump tubewell is a modified Tara
H.P.
The direct action of Tara H.P. is
uncomfortable.
The head of Tara HP is replaced by the head
of No.6 hand pump to get the advantage of
lever action.
PVC pump rod is replaced by steed rod
Suitable for lifting water upto 25 m
Maximum Discharge 36 litres /min
A modified type of Tara H.P. popular in
India
the pumping rod is extended to set the
piston assembly at a desired depth of over
30m.
The dia of raising pipe is reduced to
reduce the load of water on piston
The length of handle is extended to
enhance the lever action
Due to long column of water wt. above
the piston, more operation force is needed.
Manually Operated Deep Tubewell

A tubewell penetrating at least one

impervious layer
H >75m
In coastal belt, it can be as deep as
300m
Components:
Same as No. 6 hand pump tubewell
with the addition of more blind pipes
Installation cost is high
Dug well:
v At least 10 m away from latrines, abandoned ditch or marshy land.
v Should not be installed near pond, canal or river
v Should not be installed under any tree, near any bush, by the side of
road or any disposal site of industries.
v Users accessibility, Safety factor and comfort for lifting water.

Hand Pump Tube well:

v At least 10 m away from latrines.
v Should be installed at a place with higher elevation, which is not
usually flooded
v Should be accessible to users and caretakers .
Tubewells in
Bangladesh
Mark-II Tubewell in India and Pakistan
The design of tubewells mainly involves the
selection of
Length
Diameter
slot opening of the screen
design of shroud materials
 Q DL p ve
Where
Q= Design Discharge of the Tubewell
D= Diameter of the screen
L=Length of the screen
p= Percent opening of the screen
Ve = Permissible entrance velocity (0.010 ~ 0.03 m/s)
 Determination of Slot size of the strainer

D10 is that sieve size through which 10% of the sample

shall pass and 90% are retained

If the slot size is required to be increased, the tubewell has to

be shrouded with coarse-grained materials.
1. Draw particle size distribution curves of all the visible
different strata
2. Select the particle size distribution curve of the finest
sand for the design of the shrouding material.
3. Multiply the 70% retained size of the sand by a factor 4 if
the sand is fine an uniform or 6 if the sand is coarser or
non-uniform
4. Draw a smooth curve representing a shrouding material
with a uniformity coefficient of 2.5 or less through this
70% retention point of the material.
5. Prepare specifications for the shrouding material by
selecting four or five standar sieve sizes
6. Finally, select the size of the slot of the screen that will
retain 90% or more of tt shrouding material.
 Sinking of handpump tubewell

n Sludger method
n Rotary drilling method.

Sludger / Dheki Method

Installation of handpump tubewell

Why Maintenance is required

v Excessive pumping cause clogging near

screen
v Pumping of water with high mineral
content may be cause encrustation
- HCl in diluted solution form
v leakage due to corrosion
- cement grouting
Maintenance of handpump tubewell

v Rehabilitation of chocked-up tubewell

v Desanding
v Re-sinking
Tubewell are choked up due to

v Improper selection of screen

v Incrustation of screen
v entry of clay or sand
Technology Inst. Cost (TK.) Adv. Disadv.
Sanitary
Dugwell Low Low cost protection is
difficult

No. 6 Suitable for May produce

2000 - 4000 shallow WT high As content
Handpump

Tara Suitable for LWT More force is

13000-15000 zone required
Handpump
Usable in
Deep High installation
50000-70000 coastal/saline
cost
tubewell areas

Base year 1998