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MODULATION
NAME:Neha Patel
MSC physics
Roll no.16510047
20/03/17
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Contents
1 Objective 3
2 Theory 3
2.1 Amplitute modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Amplitute Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Modulation index of AM signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Observation 5
4 Conclusion 10
5 references 11
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1 Objective
1) To perform amplitute modulation and demodulation and to calculate modulation index
for various modulating voltage.
2 Theory
Modulation is defined as the process which causes a shift in range of frequency in a signal.
in carrier communication sinusoidal carrier of high frequency c is varied in proportional
accordance with a baseband m(t).
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DSB-SC modulation
here bandwidth of m(t) is B Hz. and fig c shows modulated signal is 2B Hz.
here unwanted signal ism(t)cos2c t which is supressed by low pass filter .the desired com-
ponent 1/2M (),passes through filer unharmed ,resulting in the output 1/2m(t).
4
DSB-SC demodulation
[A(t)]max [A(t)]min
m= (6)
[A(t)]max + [A(t)]min
When m > 1the envelope has no longer the shape of m(t) resulting in envelope distortion.
This condition is referred to as overmodulation. The envelope of the modulating wave has
the same shape as the base band signal provided the following two requirements are satisfied
1. The carrier frequency c must be much greater then the highest frequency components
m of the message signal m (t) i.e. c >> m
2. The modulation index must be less than unity. if the modulation index is greater than
unity, the carrier wave becomes over modulated.
3 Observation
1) peak to peak value is =1.32V
Vmax = 1.32/2 = 0.66V
Vmin = 0.3V
Vmin
Modulation index = VVmax
max +Vmin
= 0.375
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modulated signal
receiver signal
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modulated signal
receiver signal
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modulated signal
receiver signal
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over modulated signal
receiver signal
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over modulated signal
receiver signal
4 Conclusion
From above signals we can conclude that to receive output signal as same shape of baseband
signal , modulation index should be in between 0 to 1.
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5 references
1. Modern Digital and Analog Communication systems by B.P.Lathi
2.https : //www.mdpi.com
3.https : //www.utdallas.com
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