Rekayasa Radio

TTG4B3
SEMESTER GENAP 2015 2016
Link Budget
Includes all gains and losses as the signal passes from transmitter to the receiver.

It is used to calculate fade margin which is used to estimate the performance of radio link
system.
Link Budget
Link budget is the sum of all losses and gains of the signal between the transmitter output and
the receiver input.
Items related to the link budget
Transmitted power
Received power
Feeder loss
Antenna gain
Free space loss
Attenuations

Used to calculate received signal level (fading is ignored)

Link Budget
Pin Pout L G FSL A

Where,
Pin = Received power (dBm)
Pout = Transmitted power (dBm)
L = Antenna feeder loss (dB)
G = Antenna gain (dBi)
FSL = Free space loss (dB) (between isotropic antennas)
A = Attenuations (dB)
Link Budget
Gt Gr
Tx Rx
Output Antenna
power gain
Free space loss +
atmospheric atten. Feeder
Branching Antenna loss
loss gain Received
Feeder
Branching power
loss
loss Fade
Margin

Receiver threshold
Link Budget
It is defined as the loss incurred by an electromagnetic wave as is propagates in a straight line
through the vacuum

4D 4fD
2 2 where,
Lp
c Lp = free space path loss
D = distance
f = frequency
= wavelength
c = velocity of light in free space (3*108 m/s)

Lp(dB) = 92.4 + 20logf(GHz) + 20logD(km)

Link Budget

Lp

Tx Rx
Link Budget
Total Antenna Gain: Da
f
Ga = 20 log (Da) + 20 log (f) + 17.8

Atmospheric attenuation occurs at higher frequencies , above 15 GHz due to atmospheric

gases, and given by:
Aa a d
Where d is path link in km , a is specific attenuation in dB/km
Link Budget
Rx Level: Signal strength at the receiving antenna
PRx= PTx-LBRL-+GTx-LFS-Lobs+GRx - LTx feeder LRx feeder

Where, PRx : received power level GTx :Tx gain

PTx : transmitted power level Lobs :Diffraction loss
LBRL : branching loss GRx :Rx gain
LFS : free space loss LRx feeder : Rx feeder loss
LTx feeder : Tx feeder loss
 Link Budget
Fade Margin
definisi: margin yg diberikan sedemikian daya yg diterima selalu diatas level threshold.
Fading itu sendiri berarti fluktuasi daya penerima.
Fading Margin berbanding lurus dengan Realibility
Contoh:
Probabilitas outage:
Poutage = 1 - Reability
Link Budget
Rumus Barnett-Vignant untuk menghitung FM Microwave Link:
FM= 30log10(D)+10log10(6ABf)-10log10(1-R)-70 (dB)

D : distance (km)
F : frequency (GHz)
R : reability expressed as decimal (99,9% = 0,999)
A : roughness factor (4=smooth, 1=average, 0,25 = very rough)
B : weather conversion factor (1= worst monthcase, 0,5=hot humud areas, 0,25= average
inland areas, 0,125 = very dry or mountainous areas)
Link Budget
Threshold: (Th) satuan dBm atau dBW
Yaitu level daya minimum yg diperlukan agar sistem penerima dapat bekerja dengan baik
sesuai dengan QoS yang dipersyaratkan.

(dBW)
Link Budget
1) Calculate the fading margin for a 7 km MINI-LINK 15-E hop with 4x2 Mbit/s capacity, standard output power
and 0.6 m antenna.
2) Calculate the fading margin for a 7 km MINI-LINK 15-E hop with 4x2 Mbit/s capacity, high output power and
1.2 m antenna.
3) Calculate the fading margin for a 5 km MINI-LINK 23-E hop with 8x2 Mbit/s capacity, high output power and
0.3 m antenna.
Assume :
A. feeder loss of 0.5 dB and no branching loss.
B. Rec. threshold 10-3 = Lthresh = -87 dBm
C. Rec. threshold 10-6 = Lthresh = -83 dBm
Gant 0.6m = 36 dBi Gant 1.2m = 42 dBi Gant 0.6m = 36 dBi Gant 0.3m = 35 dBi
Standard Output Power: 18 dBm
High Output Power: 25 dBm