MC 1

Chapter 1
Clinical Psychology: An Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. According to the definition of clinical psychology offered by the Society of Clinical Psychology
(Division 12 of the American Psychological Association), clinical psychology focuses on the _____
aspect of human functioning.
a. social
b. intellectual
c. emotional
d. all of the above
ANS: D REF: What is Clinical Psychology? DIF: Factual
2. According to the definition of clinical psychology offered by the Society of Clinical Psychology
(Division 12 of the American Psychological Association), the field of clinical psychology
a. understands and alleviates maladjustment, disability and discomfort.
b. promotes and supports the use of prescription medications.
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above
ANS: A REF: What is Clinical Psychology? DIF: Factual MSC: WWW
3. Compared to other degrees in the mental health field, the doctoral degree in clinical psychology
a. equips one to work with a narrower range of patient types.
b equips one to work with a similar range of patient types.
c. equips one for a wider array of job opportunities.
d. equips one for a similar array of job opportunities.
ANS: C REF: What is Clinical Psychology? DIF: Conceptual
4. __________ are physicians.

a. Rehabilitation psychologists
b. Clinical psychologists
c. Occupational therapists
d. Psychiatrists
ANS: D REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Factual
5. Which of the following clinical psychologists may currently prescribe medication to people under their
care?
a. all clinical psychologists
b. only clinical psychologists earning their degrees from 2005 onward
c. only clinical psychologists in some states
d. no clinical psychologists
ANS: C REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Factual
6. Dr. Green is a clinical psychologist. Her neighbor, Dr. Brown, is a psychiatrist. In which area below
would we expect to find that Dr. Green has received more training than Dr. Brown?
a. assessment
b. psychotherapy techniques
c. principles of human behavior
d. all of the above
ANS: D REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Applied
7. In contrast to psychiatrists, clinical psychologists typically receive little training in

a. formal assessment of psychological functioning.
b. scientific research methods.
c. medicine.
d. human behavior.
8. Which of the following is true regarding psychiatric residencies?

a. They take place after the medical degree and general medical internship are completed,
and typically last 1 year.
b. They take place after the medical degree and general medical internship are completed,
and typically last 4 years.
c. They take place between the completion of the medical degree and the general medical
internship, and typically last 1 year.
d. They take place between the completion of the medical degree and the general medical
internship, and typically last 4 years.
ANS: B REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Factual
9. Over the last four decades, the popularity of the psychiatric specialization among medical school
graduates
a. has increased dramatically.
b. has generally declined.
c. first declined and then experienced a resurgence.
d. has remained relatively stable.
10. Aidan, a college freshman who is interested the mental health field, visits a vocational guidance
counselor to talk about the various training and degree options. About one field, his counselor
tells him, This area is currently in the middle of an identity crisis. The field has shrunk over time,
the prestige has dropped, the emphasis of the work has changed, and people with this degree rarely
get the chance to offer intensive talk therapy to their patients. Based on what you read about the
various mental health professions, which field is the counselor most likely referring to?
a. clinical psychology
b. psychiatry
c. clinical social work
d. counseling psychology
ANS: B REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Conceptual
11. Traditionally, counseling psychologists work primarily with
a. normal or moderately maladjusted individuals.
b. children or the elderly.
c. psychiatric inpatients.
d. individuals with alcohol dependency.
ANS: A REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Factual
MSC: WWW
12. Dr. Stevens feels competent seeing clients who are having difficulty adjusting to stressors in their
lives but who generally function at a high level. If she was to determine that a client had
schizophrenia or needed medication, she would refer to another type of mental health professional.
Dr. Stevens is probably a
a. psychiatrist.
b. clinical psychologist.
c. school psychologist.
d. counseling psychologist.
ANS: D REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Applied
13. Traditionally, the most common employment arenas for counseling psychologists have been
a. educational settings such as colleges and universities.
b. psychiatric hospitals.
c. general hospitals.
d. private corporations.
14. Which of the following activities are consistent with the work of counseling psychologists?
a. development of outreach programs
b. vocational counseling and short-term counseling/therapy
15. Dr. Young earned a doctoral degree in counseling psychology 5 years ago, and Dr. Experienced earned a
doctoral degree in counseling psychology 25 years ago. Which of the following is most likely,
considering recent trends in the field?
a. Dr. Young is more interested in vocational and career counseling than Dr. Experienced.
b. Dr. Young is more interested in private practice than Dr. Experienced.
c. Dr. Young was trained in medicine, but Dr. Experienced was not.
d. Dr. Young is less interested in traditionally clinical activities than Dr. Experienced.
ANS: B REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Applied
16. What trend has been observed over the years regarding the theoretical orientation of counseling
psychologists?
a. Counseling psychologists have shifted from a predominantly psychodynamic orientation
to more diverse orientations.
b. Counseling psychologists have shifted from a predominantly humanistic (person-centered)
orientation to more diverse orientations.
c. Counseling psychologists have shifted from a predominantly psychodynamic orientation
to a predominantly cognitive one.
d. Counseling psychologists have shifted from a predominantly humanistic orientation to a
predominantly psychodynamic one.
17. Which of the following is true?

a. There are more doctoral-level counseling psychologists than doctoral-level clinical
psychologists.
b. There are more accredited doctoral programs in counseling psychology than in clinical
psychology.
c. It is more likely for a clinical program, as opposed to a counseling program, to be housed
in a psychology department.
d. All of the above are true.
18. Which of the following types of clients would typically be seen by a clinical, rather than counseling,
psychologist?
a. A man who wants vocational testing and counseling to help him make career choices.
b. A woman with a 20-year history of borderline personality disorder who has been
hospitalized several times.
c. A high-functioning professional woman seeking short-term treatment for mild depressive
symptoms following a death in the family.
d. A college student who visits the college counseling center to discuss problems with a
romantic relationship.
19. Which of the following statements about clinical and counseling psychology doctoral programs is
INACCURATE?
a. Applicants to clinical programs have higher GRE scores.
b. Counseling programs accept a higher percentage of ethnic minority students.
c. Counseling programs more commonly feature research focusing on minority or cross-
cultural issues.
d. Research focusing on psychological disorders is more common in counseling programs
than in clinical psychology programs.
20. Which mental health profession below is most likely to emphasize social forces and external agents that
may contribute to patients' difficulties?
a. psychiatry
b. clinical social work
c. clinical psychology
d. counseling psychology
21. Which of the following is generally true regarding the various mental health professions?
a. Over the years, the professional roles have tended to blur, such that the activities of
various types of mental health professionals now overlap.
b. Over the years, the ability to prescribe medicine, which once belonged exclusively to
psychiatrists, has spread to most mental health professions.
c. Although some overlap may occur in other areas, clinical psychologists are still the only
mental health professionals who can ethically conduct psychotherapy.
d. Although some overlap may occur in other areas, clinical psychologists are still the only
mental health professionals who can ethically conduct psychological testing.
ANS: A REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Conceptual
22. A therapist regularly visits the homes and workplaces of his/her clients in an attempt to actively
understand the clients' daily stresses. It is most likely that this therapist is a
a. clinical social worker.
b. clinical psychologist.
c. counseling psychologist.
d. psychiatric nurse.
ANS: A REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Applied
23. Which of the following statements about clinical social workers is INACCURATE?
a. They provide only a small fraction of the nation's mental health services.
b. They typically have training programs that are shorter in length than those of clinical
psychologists.
c. Fieldwork constitutes an important part of their training.
d. All of the above statements are true.
24. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relative size of the fields of clinical psychology
and clinical social work?
a. Clinical psychologists currently outnumber clinical social workers, and this trend is likely
to continue in the future.
b. Clinical psychologists currently outnumber clinical social workers, but this trend is likely
to reverse over time.
c. Clinical social workers currently outnumber clinical psychologists, and this trend is likely
to continue in the future.
d. Clinical social workers currently outnumber clinical psychologists, and this trend is likely
to reverse over time.
ANS: C REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Conceptual
25. Which of the following activities is typical of a school psychologist?
a. generating programs to assist the development of children with special needs
b. testing and evaluating school-age children
c. consulting with school officials and teachers regarding educational policy
d. all of the above
26. Kendra, who is interested in the mental health field, visits a career counselor to talk about the various
training and degree options. About one field, her counselor tells her, Theres a real need for people to
enter this area; its one of the smaller training areas, and the individuals who need service often must wait
months or years to meet with a professional for evaluation. Based on what you have read about the
various mental health professions, which field is the counselor most likely referring to?
a. school psychology
b. clinical psychology
c. clinical social work
d. any of the above
ANS: A REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Conceptual
27. Dr. Phillips is a mental health professional who works in a general hospital with physically or cognitively
disabled clients and attempts to help them adjust to the barriers they face. Dr. Phillips is most likely a
a. school psychologist.
b. rehabilitation psychologist.
c. psychiatrist.
d. counseling psychologist.
MSC: WWW
28. Dr. Herman is a mental health professional who spends part of his time working in a medical center
designing and running weight control programs for people with Type II diabetes, and the rest of the time
consulting with local businesses about how to reduce employee stress. Dr. Herman is most likely a
a. health psychologist.
b. psychiatrist.
c. rehabilitation psychologist.
d. clinical social worker.
ANS: A REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Applied
29. People who are trained to assist professional mental health workers
a. are called paraprofessionals.
b. rarely have direct access to clients, especially in crisis centers.
c. generally have not been found to effectively supplement the work of professionals.
d. all of the above
30. Which of the individuals below would be legally prohibited from using the title psychotherapist?
a. someone receiving a Ph.D. in counseling psychology
b. someone receiving a masters degree in social work
c. someone who has no formal training in mental health interventions, but gives advice to
people after reading their palms
d. none of the above
ANS: D REF: Professions and Titles Not Regulated.... DIF: Conceptual
31. Which activity typically occupies the largest portion of clinical psychologists time?
a. research
b. diagnosis
c. intellectual testing
d. psychotherapy
ANS: D REF: The Clinical Psychologist DIF: Factual
MSC: WWW
32. According to recent research on the topic, which two activities are most commonly engaged in by clinical
psychologists?
a. psychotherapy and teaching
b. teaching and research
c. research and assessment/diagnosis
d. assessment/diagnosis and psychotherapy
33. Which of the activities below are performed by significant numbers of clinical psychologists?
a. diagnosis/assessment
b. teaching/supervision
c. research and consultation
d. all of the above
34. The mental health professionals most likely to have been trained as both scientists and practitioners are
a. clinical social workers.
b. clinical psychologists.
c. psychiatrists.
d. psychiatric nurses.
ANS: B REF: The Clinical Psychologist DIF: Factual
35. Research on the employment of clinical psychologists demonstrates

a. a significant diversity of both work activities and work settings.
b. that very few clinical psychologists work in private practice settings anymore.
c. that research is the most common work activity among clinical psychologists.
d. that at least a quarter of clinical psychologists feel dissatisfied with their careers.
ANS: A REF: The Clinical Psychologist DIF: Factual
36. According to recent demographic data, __________ of current clinical psychologists are women.
a. a small minority (fewer than 10%)
b. about a third
c. about half
d. a large majority
ANS: B REF: The Clinical Psychologist DIF: Factual
37. The percentage of clinical psychologists who identify as racial or ethnic minorities is currently
__________ and this number is likely to __________ in the future.
a. less than 10% increase
b. less than 10%; remain stable
c. about 25%; increase
d. about 25%; remain stable
ANS: A REF: The Clinical Psychologist DIF: Factual
38. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the theoretical orientations of clinical
psychologists?
a. The proportion who consider themselves primarily psychodynamic in orientation has
increased in recent decades.
b. The proportion who consider themselves primarily cognitive in orientation has decreased
in recent decades.
c. Eclectic remains the most commonly endorsed theoretical orientation.
d. All of the above statements are true.
ANS: C REF: The Clinical Psychologist DIF: Factual
39. Kai is a typical clinical psychologist. Most likely, he has completed

a. only a bachelor's degree.
b. a bachelor's degree and two years of graduate work.
c. a bachelor's degree and five years of graduate work.
d. a bachelor's degree, a medical degree, and a three-year residency.
ANS: C REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity DIF: Applied
40. Which of the following is true of people with master's degrees in clinical psychology?
a. They can be licensed as psychologists in most states.
b. They typically achieve as much professional independence as people with doctoral
degrees in clinical psychology.
c. They are typically paid less and perceived as less competent than people with doctoral
degrees in clinical psychology.
d. Research has suggested that they are less effective than doctoral-level clinicians.
ANS: C REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity DIF: Factual
41. The predominant training philosophy in clinical psychology today is the
a. clinical science model.
b. scientist-practitioner model.
c. research specialization model.
d. ethical practitioner model.
ANS: B REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity DIF: Factual
42. Each of the following factors may vary from one clinical psychology training program to another, with
the exception of
a. the specific course requirements.
b. the inclusion of clinical practica.
c. the form of the qualifying exam.
d. Any of the above factors may vary from one program to another.
ANS: B REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity DIF: Conceptual
43. Given the description provided in the text, each of the following would constitute a clinical practicum
experience EXCEPT
a. providing therapy to mildly depressed outpatients through a clinic operated by the
psychology department.
b. performing cognitive assessments on individuals coming through an Alzheimers clinic at
the local hospital.
c. teaching an undergraduate research methods laboratory for the department.
d. running a weekly group at the library to teach relaxation techniques to people in the
community.
44. A typical contemporary clinical psychology doctoral training program includes

a. coursework in basic and applied psychology.
b. practicum work.
c. coursework in research methods and the completion of theses/dissertations.
d. all of the above
ANS: D REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity DIF: Factual
MSC: WWW
45. Javier is a 4th year clinical psychology graduate student. For the last two months, he has been busy
writing up an original study that he conducted in the lab last term. Based on this information alone, one
might guess that the document Javier has been working on is his
a. preliminary exam.
b. thesis.
c. dissertation.
d. post-doc application.
46. Which component of the doctoral program in clinical psychology is specifically intended to develop a
students competence with regard to clinical work?
a. practicum experiences
b. internship
ANS: C REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity DIF: Conceptual
47. During their third years, students at some clinical psychology training programs are required to take a
qualifying exam (also called a preliminary or comprehensive exam) before proceeding to their
dissertations. At other programs, students may fulfill the exam requirement by instead
a. completing a comprehensive literature review on some topic.
b. reading several classic works in the field and discussing them with their advisor.
c. assembling a portfolio of their best clinical work.
d. none of the above; all doctoral degree candidates must take a qualifying exam
ANS: A REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity DIF: Factual
48. If a clinical psychology doctoral program is accredited by the American Psychological Association,
a. students must complete a 2-year internship.
b. students must complete an internship that has not been completed by any other students
from that graduate program within the last 5 years.
c. students must complete internships in medical, rather than educational, settings.
d. none of the above
ANS: D REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity DIF: Conceptual
49. The clinical science training model

a. has been decreasing in popularity in recent years.
b. focuses on evidence-based approaches to assessment and intervention.
c. emphasizes the art of clinical practice.
d. has been embraced by the majority of clinical psychology training programs.
ANS: B REF: A Profession in Movement DIF: Conceptual
50. APA accredits _______ programs in clinical psychology.

a. only Psy.D.
b. only Ph.D.
c. both Psy.D. and Ph.D.
d. The APA doesnt accredit training programs in clinical psychology
ANS: C REF: A Profession in Movement DIF: Factual
ESSAY
1. Compare and contrast the training and activities of clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.
ANS: Not provided. REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions
2. Describe trends in the popularity of the psychiatric profession over the last few decades. Provide at least
three reasons for these trends, relative to other medical specialties.
3. Compare and contrast the training and activities of clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists.
4. In what professional activities do clinical psychologists participate? How have the activities of clinical
psychologists evolved over the last few decades?
ANS: Not provided. REF: The Clinical Psychologist
5. Where do clinical psychologists work? How has this evolved over the last few decades?
ANS: Not provided. REF: The Clinical Psychologist
6. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of holding a doctoral degree, rather than a masters degree, in
clinical psychology. What might we predict about the popularity of masters levels programs in the
future, and why?
ANS: Not provided. REF: Training: Toward a Clinical Identity
7. Briefly describe the major components of a typical doctoral program in clinical psychology.
8.Explain the value of the clinical internship for doctoral students in clinical psychology, making sure to
identify several distinct benefits of the experience.
9.Briefly compare and contrast the scientist-practitioner and clinical science training models.
ANS: Not provided. REF: A Profession in Movement
10. Why is tolerance for ambiguity important for the contemporary clinical psychologist?
ANS: Not provided. REF: A Tolerance For Ambiguity and a Thirst For New Knowledge

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Chapter 1

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

4. __________ are physicians.

ANS: D REF: Closely Related Mental Health Professions DIF: Applied

7. In contrast to psychiatrists, clinical psychologists typically receive little training in

8. Which of the following is true regarding psychiatric residencies?

17. Which of the following is true?

35. Research on the employment of clinical psychologists demonstrates

ANS: A REF: The Clinical Psychologist DIF: Factual

39. Kai is a typical clinical psychologist. Most likely, he has completed

44. A typical contemporary clinical psychology doctoral training program includes

49. The clinical science training model

50. APA accredits _______ programs in clinical psychology.

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