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V100R008C00
Technical Description
Issue 04
Date 2014-11-15
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Overview
This document provides information about BTS3902E WCDMA (BTS3902E for short),
including system architecture, RF configuration, transmission scheme and maintenance and
operation methods. The document aims to help users comprehensively understand
BTS3902E's functions.
Product Version
The following table lists the product version that matches the content of this document.
BTS3902E V100R008C00
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
Organization
1 Changes in the BTS3902E WCDMA Technical Description
This section describes changes in the BTS3902E WCDMA Technical Description of each
version.
2 Network Architecture
The radio access network (RAN) system consists of the NodeB, radio network controller (RNC),
and operation and maintenance center (OMC). This section describes the position of NodeBs
and functions of network elements (NEs).
3 Logical Structure
As an all-in-one micro base station, BTS3902E provides all required basic functions by using
one module.
BTS3902E supports two reference clocks to achieve clock synchronization: IP reference clock
(IEEE1588 V2) and synchronous Ethernet reference clock.
8 BTS3902E Reliability
This section describes BTS3902E reliability, which includes system reliability, hardware
reliability, and software reliability.
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Symbol Description
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Keyboard Operations
The keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Format Description
Key Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.
Key 1+Key 2 Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt
+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.
Key 1, Key 2 Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A means
the two keys should be pressed in turn.
Mouse Operations
The mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Action Description
Click Select and release the primary mouse button without moving
the pointer.
Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the
pointer to a certain position.
Contents
This section describes changes in the BTS3902E WCDMA Technical Description of each
version.
04 (2014-11-15)
This is issue 04.
Topic Description
03 (2013-12-30)
This is issue 03.
Topic Description
02 (2013-12-04)
This is issue 02.
Topic Description
01 (2013-06-27)
This is issue 01.
Draft A (2013-03-31)
This is the release of Draft A.
Compared with issue 01 (2012-04-26) of V200R014, this issue incorporates the following new
topics:
l 8 BTS3902E Reliability
Compared with issue 01 (2012-04-26) of V200R014, this issue incorporates the following
changes:
Topic Description
2 Network Architecture
The radio access network (RAN) system consists of the NodeB, radio network controller (RNC),
and operation and maintenance center (OMC). This section describes the position of NodeBs
and functions of network elements (NEs).
OMC (Operation and Maintenance Center): operation and maintenance center UE: user equipment
As shown in Figure 2-1, BTS3902Es communicate with the UEs, RNC, and OMC over different
interfaces.
The functions of each NE are as follows:
BTS3902E
As a WCDMA base station, which consists of the wireless transceiver and baseband processing
unit, the BTS3902E communicates with the RNC and UEs over the Iub interface and Uu
interface, respectively. It performs physical layer protocol processing, including frequency
spreading and despreading, modulation and demodulation, channel coding and decoding, and
conversion between baseband and radio frequency (RF) signals.
RNC
An RNC performs radio resource control (RRC) on the establishment and removal of RRC
connections, handover, and macro diversity combining.
OMC
The OMC includes the M2000, Configuration Management Express (CME), and local
maintenance terminal (LMT). Users can use the OMC to centrally manage and maintain
BTS3902Es.
3 Logical Structure
As an all-in-one micro base station, BTS3902E provides all required basic functions by using
one module.
BTS3902E mainly consists of the main processing unit, transmission interface unit, baseband
signal processing unit, radio frequency (RF) signal processing unit, and power module. Figure
3-1 shows the logical structure of BTS3902E.
l The functions of the operation and the maintenance include the device management, the
configuration, the alarm management, the software management, and the device
commissions.
l Monitors the working state of the NodeB.
l Provides the input and output control interface for the NodeB.
l Provides the interface for connection between the BTS3902E and the RNC.
l Connects to the baseband signal processing unit and the main processing unit through
internal buses, performs the NBAP preprocess, and transmits the interactive information
between the BTS3902E and the RNC.
l Downlink transmitting:
The baseband signal processing unit receives FP packets from the transport subsystem. And
after channel coding, downlink modulation etc., it distributes the downlink data.
l Uplink receiving:
The baseband signal processing unit receives the uplink baseband data. And after
demodulation and decoding, it sends the data in the format of FP packets to the transmission
interface unit.
l Closed-loop processing for the physical layer:
The baseband signal processing unit implements the closed-loop processing for acquisition
indication (AI), the closed-loop power control of the uplink and downlink at the physical
layer, and the closed-loop transmit diversity of the downlink.
Matched filtering
Digital Automatic Gain Control (DAGC)
Power module
The power system obtains power from external power devices and supplies power to other units
of the BTS3902E.
BTS3902E supports two reference clocks to achieve clock synchronization: IP reference clock
(IEEE1588 V2) and synchronous Ethernet reference clock.
In IP mode, BTS3902E receives synchronized frequency signals from the IEEE1588 server using
an FE/GE link and sets the IEEE1588 clock as its reference clock source.
When BTS3902E works in IP over FE mode and the transport network supports the synchronous
Ethernet clock, BTS3902E obtains synchronous Ethernet clock signals from the transport
network and sets the synchronous Ethernet clock as its reference clock source.
Silkscreen Description
Star Topology
As the most commonly used topology, the star topology applies to most areas, especially to
densely populated areas. Figure 5-1 shows the star topology.
Advantages:
l The BTS3902E is directly connected to the RNC. Therefore, its simplicity makes it
convenient to engineer, maintain, and expand.
l Direct data transmission is built between the BTS3902E and the RNC. This makes signals
travel through fewer nodes, which gives higher transmission reliability.
Disadvantage: Compared with other topologies, the star topology requires more transmission
resources.
Chain Topology
The chain topology applies to the belt-shaped and sparsely populated areas, such as highways
and railways.
In IP mode, two BTS3902Es can be cascaded to share transmission resources if the transmission
bandwidth is sufficient enough for the two BTS3902Es to transmit and receive data, as shown
in Figure 5-2.
NOTE
l BTS3902E supports a maximum of three cascading levels, which means that three BTS3902Es can be
cascaded to share transmission resources.
l You can connect a FE/GE electrical port or a FE/GE optical port to the transport network according to onsite
conditions. A BTS3902E uses a maximum of two transmission ports simultaneously, with one port
connecting to the transport network while the other one used for cascading purposes.
l The OPT1 port and the ETH port on the same BTS3902E can't be used at the same time.
Advantage: The chain topology can reduce costs in transmission equipment, engineering
construction, and the transmission link lease.
Disadvantages:
l In near-end O&M mode, maintenance personnel log in the local maintenance terminal
(LMT) through a local Ethernet maintenance port to maintain BTS3902Es.
l In far-end O&M mode, maintenance personnel centrally maintain BTS3902Es on the
M2000 or LMT in the radio network controller (RNC) equipment room or operation and
maintenance center (OMC).
l In reverse maintenance mode, maintenance personnel maintain a BTS3902E under the
same RNC as the current BTS3902E through a local Ethernet service port on the LMT. The
IP route between the current BTS3902E and the other BTS3902E is established by the
RNC.
l LMT: is mainly used to locally or remotely maintain BTS3902Es and configure data.
l NodeB
: is the O&M object.
l M2000: short for iManager M2000 Mobile Element Management System, which centrally
manages Huawei network devices; the M2000 also remotely and centrally manages
multiple base stations.
l CME: short for Configuration Management Express, which can configures and manages
data for multiple base stations.
l Supports the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). When no data is configured
for the system or when the system is faulty, the O&M channel can be automatically set up.
This enhances the system reliability and facilitates remote troubleshooting.
l Supports configuration baseline, simplifying the configuration rollback process and
improving configuration rollback reliability.
l Provides a comprehensive system self-check function, omitting local software
commissioning.
Commissioning Management
Commissioning management provides the following functions:
l Equipment performance tests, such as CPU usage test, clock source quality test, and power
test
l Service performance tests, such as uplink channel scanning and statistics for service
resource usage
Equipment Management
Equipment management consists of equipment maintenance and data configuration. Equipment
management has the following functions:
Software Management
Software management provides the following functions:
Alarm Management
Alarm management involves equipment alarm management and environment alarm
management.
The alarm management system detects and reports information about faults in real time.
The LMT or M2000 then displays the alarm information and provides appropriate handling
suggestions.
The alarm management system of the M2000 connects to an alarm box through a serial
port and supports audible and visual alarms through the LEDs or the alarm box. The
maintenance personnel can subscribe to specific alarms. When related alarms are generated,
the alarm information is forwarded to the handsets or pagers of the maintenance personnel
so that they can rectify the faults in time.
l Environment alarm management
Generally, equipment rooms of NodeBs are unattended and distributed over a large area.
The equipment works in a relatively adverse environment, and emergency cases may incur.
To help you handle such emergencies, the BTS3902E provides a complete alarm
management system.
l Alarm detecting
l Alarm reporting
l Alarm shielding
l Alarm acknowledging
l Alarm pre-processing
l Alarm correlation processing
l Alarm help processing
Security Management
The operation rights of maintenance personnel are classified into multiple levels when both
NodeB and M2000 are applied. This ensures that the running equipment is free from
misoperations.
RF Specifications
Table 7-2 lists radio frequency (RF) specifications of a BTS3902E.
NOTE
l The receiver sensitivity is measured, as recommended in 3GPP TS25.104, at the antenna connector
over the full band on condition that the channel rate reaches 12.2 kbit/s and the bit error rate (BER)
does not exceed 0.001.
l The maximum output power equals the maximum output power of the power amplifier minus the
internal loss. The maximum output power is measured at the antenna connector in the RF module.
NOTE
l The typical power consumption level is reached when the base station works with 40% load, and the
environment temperature is 25C.
l The maximum power consumption level is reached when the base station works with 100% load, and
the environment temperature is 25C.
l When working on the 850 MHz band, the BTS3902E supports only single-antenna transmission, not
supporting dual-antenna transmission and MIMO.
AWS >6
Engineering Specifications
Table 7-12 lists the equipment specifications of a BTS3902E.
Common mode 10 kA
8 BTS3902E Reliability
This section describes BTS3902E reliability, which includes system reliability, hardware
reliability, and software reliability.
System Reliability
The BTS3902E features a reliability design, including load sharing, redundancy configuration,
and optimized fault detection and isolation technologies for the system, greatly enhancing system
reliability.
l Redundancy design
Important data in the BTS3902E, such as software versions and data configuration files,
supports redundancy.
l Reliability design
The BTS3902E can automatically detect and diagnose faults in the software, hardware, and
environment, report alarms, and take self-healing measures. If the faults cannot be rectified,
the system automatically isolates the faulty NEs.
Hardware Reliability
l Overtemperature protection
When the temperature near the power amplifier (PA) in the RF signal processing unit is
too high, the system reports an overtemperature alarm and immediately shuts down the PA.
l Reliable power supply
Support for wide-range voltages and surge protection
Power failure protection for programs and data
l Comprehensive surge protection design
Surge protection applies to various ports on the BTS3902E, such as alternating current
(AC) power port, TX/RX port, and SON antenna port.
Software Reliability
Software reliability is guaranteed through data redundancy and high error tolerance.
l Data redundancy
To ensure normal operation of a BTS3902E when errors occur in important files or data,
the BTS3902E provides the following redundancy functions:
Redundancy of software versions: The BTS3902E stores software versions, including
the BootROM version, in different partitions to provide redundancy. If the active version
is abnormal, the BTS3902E switches to the backup version.
Redundancy of data configuration files: The BTS3902E stores data configuration files
in different partitions to provide redundancy. If the current file is damaged, the
BTS3902E can continue working properly by loading the backup file.
l Error tolerance capability
When software errors occur, the self-healing capability prevents the system from collapse.
The software error tolerance capability covers the following aspects:
Scheduled checks of key resources: The BTS3902E checks software resource usage
periodically. If resource cannot be released because of software errors, the BTS3902E
can release the unavailable resources in time and export logs and alarms.
Task monitoring: When software is running, monitoring processes are started to check
for internal software errors or certain hardware faults. If a fault is detected, an alarm is
reported and self-healing measures are taken to restore the task.
Data consistency check: The BTS3902E performs scheduled or event-triggered data
consistency checks and restores data consistency selectively or preferentially. In
addition, the BTS3902E generates related logs and alarms.
Watchdog: When a software error occurs in the BTS3902E, the BTS3902E detects the
error using the software and hardware watchdogs and automatically resets.