Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
cylindrical roller
bearings
Full complement bearings with a cage
Higher load ratings and
longer service life
Applications like industrial gearboxes, gear- However, direct roller-to-roller contact in a
boxes in wind turbines or machines for min- full complement bearing increases friction,
ing equipment require components that can heat generation and the risk for wear. Con-
provide high operational reliability and long sequently, the permissible speed is reduced.
service life. In these applications, load carry- Under particularly difficult operating condi-
ing capacity is particularly important, which tions, these disadvantages quickly add up to
is the reason why full complement bearings substantially reduced bearing service life.
are frequently used. To achieve the maximum load carrying
Full complement bearings do not have a capacity of a full complement bearing and
cage separating the rollers, which enables the robust performance of a bearing with a
a maximum number of rollers. cage, SKF developed high-capacity cylindrical
Therefore, the advantage of full comple- roller bearings. These bearings combine the
ment bearings is that they can accommo- advantages of both bearing types.
date much heavier loads than same-sized
bearings with a cage.
SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings with an inner ring or outer ring shoulder-guided cage
2
An innovative bearing design
Traditionally, higher load carrying capacities below the recommended minimum radial Fig. 1
have been achieved by incorporating larger load, the sliding ratio for these bearings with
rollers. However, to do this within the ISO an inner ring shoulder-guided cage is sig-
standardized boundary dimensions requires nificantly lower than for conventional cylin-
thinner rings. Thinner rings increase the risk drical roller bearings with a cage of the
of ring creep, ring or flange cracks, and fret- same size. For bearings in the 22 dimension
ting corrosion. Also, larger rollers are more series, the risk for sliding damage is even
prone to smearing due to increased inertial more reduced than for 23 series bearings.
forces. 22 series bearings have a lower cross sec-
The new SKF high-capacity cylindrical tion and smaller rollers, which results in
roller bearings ( fig. 1), which contain lower inertial forces.
more rollers than EC design cylindrical roller The rollers are coated with black oxide
bearings, not only maintain the original ISO to further reduce the risk of sliding damage
boundary dimensions, they also maintain inside the bearing during initial start-up.
the internal geometry of the EC design. The
Cross section of an SKF high-capacity
result: increased dynamic and static load cylindrical roller bearing
carrying capacities and consequently longer A sustainable product
bearing service life.
SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings
were designed to support SKFs Beyond
Reduced risk of roller Zero sustainability efforts. Through this
3
Performance advantage
4
The SKF Explorer A higher level of performance Unique heat treatment process
5
Functionality and long-term tests
Light-load test Cage speed and Based on the endurance test results
Focusing only on high load carrying capacity functionality test and an in-depth examination of the various
bearing components after the test, no
becomes risky if loads can vary and drop To substantiate claims of improved per- limitations could be found for the SKF high-
below the required minimum load. This is formance, functional validation tests under capacity cylindrical roller bearing compared
even more critical at high speeds where the varying conditions were conducted by SKF. to bearings with a standard cage.
roller-slip ratio (relative sliding between the To assess speed capability and cage sta-
rollers and raceways) can increase. bility, tests were performed to compare the
Under these high-speed, light-load con- performance of SKF high-capacity cylindrical Field experience
ditions, the inertial forces, combined with roller bearings to bearings containing a
inadequate lubrication, can substantially standard shoulder-guided brass cage. Several sizes of SKF high-capacity cylindrical
increase the risk of smearing, which can The tests were conducted under different roller bearings have been running success-
quickly cause bearings to fail. Therefore, lubrication conditions. In one case, oil with fully for years in wind turbine applications.
SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings a proper viscosity, which provides a suffi- Several bearing inspections since 2006
were also tested under minimum load con- cient oil film (k > 1,5) was used. In another show the superior performance in these
ditions to determine the level of roller and test, a low-viscosity oil to simulate an inad- applications.
cage slip. equate lubrication condition (k < 0,5) was
The minimum load tests were conducted used.
with less than 10% of the recommended When the functional tests were complet-
minimum load as prescribed in the SKF ed, endurance tests were conducted to
General Catalogue. The test results showed compare high-capacity cylindrical roller
that for SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings with standard design cylindrical
bearings with an inner ring shoulder-guided roller bearings containing a brass cage.
steel cage, the roller-slip ratio within the During all the tests, critical performance
bearing is reduced by up to 50%, when parameters such as temperature, loads,
compared to a bearing with a standard speed and vibration levels were monitored
brass cage, despite the additional roller(s) continuously.
( diagram 1).
Even under almost no load and under
poor lubrication conditions, the roller-slip
ratio of SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller Diagram 1
bearings did not reach the limit considered Comparison of cage slip at different radial loads
critical for failures due to light loads.
Cage slip [%]
100
n High-capacity bearing
90 NCF 2334 ECJB/C3
80 n Conventional bearing
NJ 2334 ECMA/C3
70
60 n = 1 500 r/min
circulating oil lubrication
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Radial load [kN]
6
Recommendations for bearing
arrangement design
Load carrying capacity Speed capability Lubrication
and life The speed capability of a bearing depends SKF recommends oil lubrication for high-
The basic rating life, calculated in accord- on several factors, including the strength capacity cylindrical roller bearings because
ance with ISO 281:2007, is also applicable of the cage, the geometry of the rolling they have a shoulder-guided cage. The low
for SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bear- elements and raceways and the lubrication cross-section of the cage and the unique
ings. When comparing the calculated bear- method. shape of the cage pockets promote oil flow
ing life of a standard bearing with a cage to The reference speeds listed in the product through the bearing and the formation of a
the life of a same-sized high-capacity bear- tables are the same for both standard and lubricant film.
ing, there is a possibility of increasing bear- high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings. For grease lubricated applications, contact
ing life up to 45%. The limiting speeds are much higher than the SKF application engineering service.
To take full advantage of the increased those of full complement cylindrical roller
load carrying capacity and improved wear- bearings. If an SKF high-capacity cylindrical
resistance of SKF Explorer bearings, always roller bearing has to be operated at higher
use the SKF rating life method when calcu- speeds than the limiting speed, contact the
lating bearing life. For additional information SKF application engineering service.
about bearing calculations, refer to the
SKF General Catalogue or the SKF Interactive
Engineering Catalogue, available online at Recommended fits
www.skf.com.
Tolerances for the bore and outside diam-
eter of rolling bearings are internationally
Friction standardized.
Therefore, SKF high-capacity cylindrical
Friction influences the heat generated by a roller bearings have the same fits as stand-
bearing. The amount of friction depends on ard cylindrical roller bearings with a cage.
several factors such as load, speed, lubricant The appropriate fit depends on the applica-
and others. tion, applied load, operating conditions and
For SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller possible displacement of the inner ring. For
bearings, the frictional moment can be cal- the typical normal to heavy load applications,
culated with the new SKF model for calculat- such as in wind turbines and other applica-
ing a frictional moment. The model, which tions where SKF high-capacity cylindrical
provides a more accurate result than stand- roller bearings are used, very often a p6 or
ard calculations, takes the lubricant, applied r6 shaft fit is recommended. With a p6 and
loads and bearing design into consideration. r6 fit, radial clearance greater than Normal
The calculations are complex but can be is recommended.
performed easily using the SKF Interactive For additional information and fit recom-
Engineering Catalogue, available online at mendations, refer to the SKF General
www.skf.com. Catalogue.
When calculating the frictional moment
according to the SKF General Catalogue, the
factors for bearings with a cage (N, NU, NJ
or NUP designs) have to be used instead
of the factors for full complement bearings
(NCF or NJG designs).
7
Application examples
Planetary gear set with different SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings
Fig. 3
8
Intermediate and Light-load and high-
output shafts speed applications
Intermediate and output shaft applications In lightly loaded high-speed applications,
are considered to be high speed shafts. roller sliding and insufficient lubrication
Due to the high speeds, full complement are frequent causes of premature bearing
bearings are not an appropriate choice. failure. In these applications, fully black
Frequently, there are load conditions where oxidized SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller
the required minimum load for the bearings bearings with an inner ring shoulder-guided
cannot be guaranteed. Here, an SKF high- steel cage (NCF design and designation
capacity cylindrical roller bearing with an suffix L4B) can significantly increase the
inner ring shoulder-guided steel cage pro- service life of the bearings. These bearings
vides the most robust solution ( fig. 4) are designed to improve sliding resistance
to minimize the risk of smearing damage and promote the formation of a lubricant
resulting from roller sliding. film on all contact surfaces.
In combination with low inertia of the
roller set, bearings in the 22 dimension
series provide the best solution to minimize
the risk of skidding damage and avoid bear-
ing damage.
Intermediate and output shafts with SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings
Fig. 4
9
Mounting and dismounting
Due to the cage position above or below the Locating and non- Mounting a non-locating bearing
roller pitch diameter, the cage cannot pre-
vent the rollers from falling out when the locating bearing SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings
can be used as non-locating bearings to ac-
inner and outer rings of the bearing are position commodate axial displacement in both direc-
separated. A retaining ring mounted in a tions. The bearing rings have to be mounted
groove in the inner or outer ring keeps the SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings with a certain offset relative to each other.
bearing together. SKF recommends mount- can be non-locating or locating in one direc- The typical offset is half of the permissible
ing high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings tion ( fig. 7). Appropriate mounting is re- axial displacement, which is listed in the
as a complete bearing, like a full complement quired to achieve the desired function. product tables (parameter s).
cylindrical roller bearing, a spherical roller
bearing or a deep groove ball bearing. Mounting for locating in one direction
If mounting the inner and outer rings SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings
separately is necessary, use a mounting can accommodate axial displacement of
sleeve ( fig. 5) or a retaining strap the inner ring relative to the outer ring in
( fig. 6) to keep the rollers in place. the direction of the retaining ring side. The
bearing must be oriented correctly and
the rings must be centred.
Fig. 7
Mounting sleeve for an SKF high-capacity Retaining strap for an SKF high-capacity
cylindrical roller bearing with an outer cylindrical roller bearing with an inner
ring shoulder-guided cage ring shoulder-guided cage
s
Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Non-locating s
2
2
10
Designs
Fig. 10
SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearing with SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearing
an inner ring shoulder-guided steel cage without an outer ring
Fig. 8 Fig. 9
Bearing set with two bearings,
designation NCF .. ECJB/DR
11
Bearing data general
12
Dynamic axial load carrying Equivalent dynamic Supplementary designations
capacity bearing load In addition to the designation suffixes that
are listed in the SKF General Catalogue, the
SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller bearings For non-locating bearings following designation suffixes are relevant
can support axial loads in one direction. for SKF high-capacity cylindrical roller
Their axial load carrying capacity is primarily P = Fr bearings:
determined by the ability of the sliding sur-
faces of the roller end / flange contact to where JB One-piece window-type steel cage,
support loads. Factors having the greatest P = equivalent dynamic bearing load [kN] inner ring shoulder-guided
effect on this ability are the lubricant, oper- JA One-piece window-type steel cage,
ating temperature and the ability of the If an SKF high-capacity bearing is used to outer ring shoulder-guided
bearing to dissipate heat. locate the shaft in one direction, the equiva- L4B Rollers and bearing rings black
The dynamic axial load carrying capacity lent dynamic bearing load should be calcu- oxidized
can be calculated as described in the SKF lated using L5B Rollers black oxidized
General Catalogue for single row cylindrical L7B Rollers and inner ring black oxidized
roller bearings. Calculations can be performed P = Fr when Fa/Fr 0,3 PEX SKF Explorer bearing, used only when
using the SKF Interactive Engineering P = 0,92 Fr + 0,4 Fa when Fa/Fr > 0,3 same-sized conventional and SKF
catalogue, available online at www.skf.com. Explorer bearings are available
To minimize the risk of flange fracture, the Since axially loaded cylindrical roller bearings DR Bearing set consisting of two matched
constantly acting axial load applied to the only operate satisfactorily when they are bearings
bearings should never exceed subjected to a simultaneously acting radial TR Bearing set consisting of three
load, the ratio Fa/Fr should not exceed 0,5. matched bearings
Fa max = 0,0035 D1,7 QR Bearing set consisting of four matched
bearings
When acting only occasionally and for brief Equivalent static bearing load
periods, the axial load applied to the bear- P0 = Fr For additional information, refer to the
ings should never exceed SKF General Catalogue or the SKF Interactive
where Engineering Catalogue, available online at
Fa max = 0,0085 D1,7 P0 = equivalent static bearing load [kN] www.skf.com.
where
Fa max = maximum constantly or occasionally
acting axial load [kN]
D = bearing outside diameter [mm]
13
High-capacity cylindrical roller bearings
d 130 240 mm
B s
r2 r2
r1 r1
r1 r1
r2 r2
D E D1 d d1
Principal dimensions Basic load ratings Fatigue Speed ratings Mass Designations
dynamic static load limit Reference Limiting
speed speed
d D B C C0 Pu
mm kN kN r/min kg
130 280 93 1 120 1 340 146 2 400 3 400 29,0 * NCF 2326 ECJB
140 250 68 680 880 96,5 2 800 3 600 14,5 * NCF 2228 ECJB
300 102 1 250 1 530 163 2 400 3 200 35,5 * NCF 2328 ECJB
150 270 73 780 1 040 112 2 600 3 400 18,0 * NCF 2230 ECJB
320 108 1 430 1 760 183 2 200 3 000 43,5 * NCF 2330 ECJB
160 290 80 980 1 270 134 2 400 3 000 23,5 * NCF 2232 ECJB
340 114 1 400 2 000 196 1 800 2 800 50,5 NCF 2332 ECJB
340 114 1 600 2 000 196 2 000 2 800 50,5 * NCF 2332 ECJB/PEX
170 310 86 1 160 1 530 156 2 200 2 800 28,0 * NCF 2234 ECJB
360 120 1 540 2 200 216 1 700 2 600 58,5 NCF 2334 ECJB
360 120 1 760 2 200 216 1 900 2 600 58,5 * NCF 2334 ECJB/PEX
180 320 86 1 200 1 600 166 2 200 2 800 30,0 * NCF 2236 ECJB
380 126 1 720 2 400 232 1 600 2 400 67,5 NCF 2336 ECJB
380 126 1 960 2 400 232 1 800 2 400 67,5 * NCF 2336 ECJB/PEX
190 340 92 1 320 1 760 180 2 000 2 600 36,5 * NCF 2238 ECJB
400 132 1 940 2 750 255 1 500 2 200 78,0 NCF 2338 ECJB
400 132 2 240 2 750 255 1 700 2 200 78,0 * NCF 2338 ECJB/PEX
200 360 98 1 460 2 000 200 1 900 2 400 43,0 * NCF 2240 ECJB
420 138 2 200 3 200 300 1 400 2 200 91,5 NCF 2340 ECJB
420 138 2 550 3 200 300 1 600 2 200 91,5 * NCF 2340 ECJB/PEX
220 400 108 1 760 2 600 240 1 600 2 200 58,5 NCF 2244 ECJB
400 108 2 000 2 600 240 1 700 2 200 58,5 * NCF 2244 ECJB/PEX
460 145 2 510 3 650 335 1 300 2 000 113,4 NCF 2344 ECJB
460 145 2 900 3 650 335 1 400 2 000 113,4 * NCF 2344 ECJB/PEX
240 500 155 2 750 4 000 345 1 200 1 800 146,5 NCF 2348 ECJB
500 155 3 150 4 000 345 1 300 1 800 146,5 * NCF 2348 ECJB/PEX
14
ra ra
ra
Da da Db
d d1 D1 E r1,2 s1) da Da Db ra da Da
~ ~ min min max max max
mm mm mm
130 182 234 247 4 6,5 147 263 263 3 175 241
140 180 216 225 3 4,0 154 236 236 2,5 174 220
196 251 264 4 7,3 157 283 283 3 188 257
150 193 229 242 3 4,4 164 256 256 2,5 188 235
210 268 283 4 7,9 167 303 303 3 201 276
160 206 250 261 3 4,1 174 276 276 2,5 199 256
222 285 300 4 8,3 177 323 323 3 213 292
222 285 300 4 8,3 177 323 323 3 213 292
170 219 269 281 4 3,8 187 293 293 3 212 275
235 299 316 4 7,5 187 343 343 3 225 307
235 299 316 4 7,5 187 343 343 3 225 307
180 229 279 291 4 3,8 197 303 303 3 222 285
248 320 339 4 7,9 197 363 363 3 237 329
248 320 339 4 7,9 197 363 363 3 237 329
190 243 295 308 4 4,5 207 323 323 3 236 302
262 341 360 5 7,1 210 380 380 4 251 351
262 341 360 5 7,1 210 380 380 4 251 351
200 256 312 325 4 4,6 217 343 343 3 249 318
276 356 377 5 7,1 220 400 400 4 264 367
276 356 377 5 7,1 220 400 400 4 264 367
220 279 349 367 4 7,1 237 383 383 3 269 358
279 349 367 4 7,1 237 383 383 3 269 358
302 392 413 5 7,8 240 440 440 4 290 402
302 392 413 5 7,8 240 440 440 4 290 402
240 327 426 449 5 7,7 260 480 480 4 313 437
327 426 449 5 7,7 260 480 480 4 313 437
15
The Power of Knowledge Engineering
Seals
Bearings Lubrication Drawing on five areas of competence and application-specific expertise amassed over more than 100
and units systems years, SKF brings innovative solutions to OEMs and production facilities in every major industry world-
wide. These five competence areas include bearings and units, seals, lubrication systems, mechatronics
(combining mechanics and electronics into intelligent systems), and a wide range of services, from 3-D
Mechatronics Services
computer modelling to advanced condition monitoring and reliability and asset management systems.
A global presence provides SKF customers uniform quality standards and worldwide product availability.
SKF and SKF EXPLORER are registered trademarks of the SKF Group.
SKF Group 2010
The contents of this publication are the copyright of the publisher and may not be reproduced (even extracts) unless prior written permission
is granted. Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication but no liability can be accepted
for any loss or damage whether direct, indirect or consequential arising out of the use of the information contained herein.
PUB BU/P2 06894 EN March 2010
Printed in Sweden on environmentally friendly paper.
skf.com