1.

a) () = + , () = +
() = (2 sin( + 1)), () = 2 sin cos
() = 2 cos + 1 + , () = sin2 +
Plug 2 cos(1) in for () and 4 in for (), as well as 0 in for t in both equations, to solve
for the respective constants of integration.
1
*Alternatively, () = sin 2 and () = 2 2 + 4.5

b) The particle does not change its horizontal direction of travel between = and =

. The particle moves to the left from = to = .

Solve () = 2 sin( + 1) = 0 to get = 1 = 2.141 or 2.142. This is value of t is
outside of the specified interval, and all other solutions are either negative or even larger,
so the particle does not change direction in the given interval. To find what direction the

particle is traveling, plug a value of t between 0 and 2 into () = 2 sin + 1 to get a
negative answer. Therefore, the particle moves to the left.

c) = . at =

()
=
()
2 sin cos
=
2 sin( + 1)

Then, plug 3 in for t using your calculator to find the answer.

d) .
Evaluate the following integral using your calculator to determine the length of the curve.
2
[2 sin( + 1)]2 + (2 sin cos )2
0

e) () =
() = 2 sin cos can be rewritten as () = sin 2.
If you took the derivative of the first expression, () = 2 cos2 2 sin2 .
If you took the derivative of the second expression, which has a simpler derivative,
() = 2 cos 2 .
Both acceleration vectors lead to () = 2.