Kyle Stringham

ISM- Period 7

"Effects of Cryotherapy." Virtual Sports Injury Clinic. Sports Injury Clinic, n.d. Web. 30 Mar.

2017.

Icing an injured area slows down the neural pain response to the brain by essentially freezing the
nerves.
The chill factor amongst the nerves heightens your pain tolerance.
The feeling of cold causes the release of pain killing endorphins in your brain.
Chilling the skin causes for the blood vessels that may have opened up as a pain response
causing swelling, will become narrow as they are chilled.
Swelling compacts the nerves and forces a wider sensation for the pain in the affected region of
the body.
Pain releases a certain intensifying chemical in the blood as a response, narrowing the blood
vessels stops the process of this through ice.
Ice cools down the nerves in the affected muscle to stop the protective response of muscle
spasms.
Decreased swelling is known as edema.
The reopening of blood vessels after ice is known as the hunting response.
The exact reason that ice calms down pain in injured regions is still unknown and is only open to
the theories.
Using ice as a pain reduction treatment is also known as cryotherapy.
Cold sensations distract the pain sensation in the pain gate theory leading to a reduced sensation.
Muscle overuse or muscle imbalance can also cause muscle spasms in the affected region.

The article reiterated the vast beneficial effects that ice can possess in a pain management
situations no matter the severity of the injury despite the reason being unknown.

Kyle Stringham
ISM- Period 7
 "Stem Cell Therapy for Shoulder / Rotator Cuff Injuries and Arthritis." StemCell

ARTS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.

The human body possesses countless amounts of specific cells that make up the body and its
processes.
New cells are reborn after dying and are birthed by the stem cells in the body no matter what
type of cell it is.
When tissues are injured, cells die faster than they can be created which makes the body
structure weak and less functional.
There are multiple types of stem cells, however only the ones found in the bone marrow are
taken for injection to another site.
Labral tears are an option to be injected without having to commit to a surgery.
The injections are completely non-surgical and allow for surgery to be pushed farther back in the
needs list.
Stem cells allow for damaged tissue to heal up back to its proper degree of functioning.
The back of the iliac is the easiest taken stem cells for injections to other regions of the body.
All injection or harvesting procedures are done under ultrasound or x ray in a simple doctors
office region.
The harvesting process is not painful and is very well tolerable by the patients being extracted
from.
Harvested stem cells are taken to a lab where they are made concentrated and ready for injection
after 5 days.

This source informed me of an alternative that in its entirety skips all surgical processes and
allows for the stem cells to do all of the healing while working to create a stronger shoulder.

Kyle Stringham
ISM- Period 7

Portland, Greg, M.D. "Slap Tears." Greg Portland, M.D. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2017.
 The labrum is made up of fibrocartilagenous that wraps around the socket to from a stable barrier
against instability.
The labrum extends the socket which gives more stability.
The shoulder joint consists of the glenoid and the head of the humerus which creates instability
because the glenoid is flat and the head of the humerus is round therefore the labrum makes up
for this instability.
The labrum acts as a golf tee to the humerus head, holding humerus flat in the glenoid.
Tears cause a laxity in the shoulder capsule allowing the humerus to roll around freely.
Tears of the superior labrum root from falls or over the head sports such as swimming, water
polo, and baseball.
Non-contrast (no dye injected) MRIs are 50-70% accurate with their diagnostic abilities.
Contrast or arthrogram MRIs are 70-90% which leads doctors to always go straight to the
arthrogram.
Large tears that do not cause pain will be treated with corticosteroid shots, physical therapy, rest,
and ice.
Pain will lead to the shots so they can undergo physical therapy until the shot wears off in which
if pain still persists, surgery will then be an option.

This source educated me in depth over the entire shoulder and all surgical implications that
follow after a variety of tears to the glenoid extremities.

Kyle Stringham
ISM- Period 7

Melville, Nancy A. "Opioid Alternatives Urged Postoperatively." Medscape. Medscape, n.d.

Web. 23 Mar. 2017.

 Opioids are the reliable option for post-op pain management
Combining non-opioid drugs to achieve a mass treatment through various nontoxic drugs
A multimodal approach is far more effective and less harmful to the health of patients seeking
pain reduction
Acetaminophen is a known mixer that increases the effects of opioids for acute post op pain.
Acetaminophen can be mixed with anti-inflammatories to give an increased affect to treat acute
pain
Opioids are the most common administered drug for pain reduction despite the known risks and
other beneficial alternatives
Opioids can be the cause of breathing syndromes
Various opioid medications cause serotonin syndrome, ultra-rapid metabolism, and toxicity into
the body
Pain management should be dealt with in a combination of drugs that slowly progress and do not
jump into narcotics
Opioids are the top of the pyramid and should not be administered until it is the last option
Pharmaceutical Reps sell their products to surgeons so they will administer narcotics

This source allowed me to open my knowledge to the opioid alternatives that permit the same
pain reducing effect without the various devastating health effects.