N0.

2
2008 INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE ON DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING

District heating and

danish
technologies
abroad

DBDH - direct access to

district heating technology
www.dbdh.dk
Contents INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE
ON DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING
4 The Chairmans Column

6 The opportunity (and necessity)

for new district energy systems in the
Northeast United States

9 Sustainability in a world of scarcity

HOT|COOL is published four times a year by:
12 Pilot project at Sarajevo District Heating
DBDH
Power Plant shows that energy metering is
Gregersensvej, Indgang 3 DK-2630 Taastrup
the way to go
Phone +45 4355 0888 Fax +45 4355 0889
dbdh@dbdh.dk www.dbdh.dk
14 Danish district heating
systems in South Korea Editorial Committee:
Lars Gullev, VEKS
16 To be or not to be reliable and efficient Lone Vlcker, DFj
Jes B. Christensen, DBDH
20 District heating of the future Kathrine Windahl, DBDH

22 Natural gas effectively superseded by Editor-in-Chief:

Lars Gullev, VEKS
district heating based on excess heat from
waste incineration and power production Coordinating Editor:
Kathrine Windahl, DBDH
24 LATEST NEWS
Total circulation:
26 DBDH co-operation 7,000 copies in
Ministry of Housing and 50 countries
Municipal Economy of Ukraine
ISSN 0904 9681
27 DBDH welcomes new member Layout: DBDH /galla-form.dk

28 member profile - APV

Pre-press and printing:
Kailow Graphic A/S

30 List of members

Individual The installation of 57,000

Brunata heat cost allo-

heat metering
cators in apartments in
five Romanian cities has
delivered energy savings

makes sense of 24%.

Allowing households to
A recent project in Romania proves once control their heat con-
again that individual heat metering makes sumption and pay accord-
both environmental and financial sense. ingly is common sense.

Call us on tel.
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www.brunata.com to
learn more about Brunata
and the Phare project in
Romania.

After all who would not

want to make money by
making an effort for the
environment?

E N E R G Y A N D Vesterlundvej
E N V I R O 14
N M E N T
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4
The Chairmans Column
Mr. Lars Gullev, Managing Director, VEKS, and Chairman of DBDH
The EU and the world are at a cross-road concerning the future
of energy is one of the first things you read when scrutiniz-
ing the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament
and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from
renewable sources released on 23 January 2008. The Lisbon
Strategy for prosperity in EU; immense global costs for inaction
on climate change issues according to the Stern Report; and
increasing prices on fossil fuels evidenced by the deprivation
of the supply vis--vis demand are all factors of concern for
our generation and generations to come.
Hence, the European Councils reaffirmation to combat climate
change by long-term committing the EU to develop and increase
the share of renewable energy (RE) to 20% by 2020 from an en-
ergy mix of only 8.5% today is very much needed, however not at
all impossible because of district heating and cooling solutions.
True, it will require major investments but surely rising prices
on oil and gas as well as increasing dependency on its import
must be less favorable.
When the European Commission (EC) emphasizes the need to
tackle this challenge effectively and urgently, I would like to add
economically to this statement. If this directive shall win em-
phasis with member states and act as a role model for the world
in its current drudgery reaching a new global climate agreement
in Copenhagen in 2009, replacing the Kyoto Protocol, costs can-
not be left out. Neither should it. It has been estimated by the EC
that the cost for each member state to apply with the individual
targets set out in their proposal will be considerably below 1% of
GDP per year. Denmark has already proven it possible to keep up
economic growth, simultaneously keeping energy consumption
basically unchanged while reducing CO2 emissions.
Of course neither one single technology nor sector can be ac-
credited this development entirely. However it would never have
been possible for Denmark without the development of a district
heating infrastructure drastically expanding in the 1970s during
the two oil crises. In 1976 it was mandated that all power produc-
tion must be combined with heat (CHP). At that time Denmark
was 98% dependent on imported oil; in 1998, less than 20 years
later, Denmark became self-sufficient with energy and still is
today. Long-term policies supporting the creation of a district
heating infrastructure in Denmark as well as the systems flex-
ibility have, in just 25 years, increased the consumption of RE
in district heating by over 300%. Now, 45% of district heating
in Denmark come from RE. This forecasts a bright future for a
fossil free society for all.
District energy synonym for district heating and cooling is a
local system abating a global challenge. In other words a well-
augmented district energy infrastructure is by leading cities
around the world now recognized as a pre-requisite to further
promote renewable energy given that its exploitation contrib-
utes to climate change mitigation, sustainable development,
security of supply and the development of a knowledge-based
industry creating jobs, economic growth, competitiveness and
regional and rural development. Copenhagen was therefore also
invited to present its case at the C40 Summit in New York last
year in front of all major city leaders. A district heating system
supplying 97% of the citys demand with waste heat, cutting
household bills compared to individual solutions by 1,400 EUR
annually, thus saving the city of 203,000 tons of oil every year
(equivalent to 665,000 tons of CO2e), speaks for itself.
To solve ECs two key targets by 2020, (i) achieving a reduction
of at least 20% in greenhouses gasses and (ii) a 20% share of
RE in the EU energy consumption, is of course interlinked and
requires an energy efficient solution. Therefore, I highly welcome
the many important references to district energy in the ECs
proposal promoting the use of RE. Mckinsey and Vattenfall have
produced the global cost curve of CO2 emissions reduction op-
portunities, where district heating is not only making wonders
for the environment, but also a fortune business opportunity.
In Denmark district heating has successfully been the waste
bin of the energy consuming society collecting waste heat
from power and incineration plants, and industrial processes.
A time-autonomous and water-born system adapting to the
current energy supply trend switching from oil to coal and
natural gas during the 80s to increase security-of-supply; and
to biomass, geothermal and solar during the 90-00s to combat
the man-made climate change, is a proven and ready-to-use
technology. District energy facilitate ambitious RE targets for
EU and the world.
I am tempted to say,
what are we waiting for?
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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6
The Opportunity (and Necessity)
for New District Energy Systems in the Northeast United States
By Mr. Morris A. Pierce, PhD,
Energy Manager,
University of Rochester
Over the past three decades, Denmark has radically altered
its energy infrastructure, shifting from a network of inef-
ficient centralized electric generation plants and individual
building heating systems relying on imported fossil fuels to a
very efficient system incorporating combined heat and power,
solar thermal, wind power, and other renewable resources.
The results of this are quite dramatic energy consumption in
Denmark has been stable for more than 30 years, even as the
countrys gross domestic product doubled. During the same
period energy consumption in the United States rose by 40%
while GDP quadrupled. On a per capita basis, Danes enjoy a
standard of living and income level similar to Americans while
using only 44% of the energy. Clearly there are many energy
lessons we can learn from our friends in Denmark, but unfor-
tunately no school in America teaches this important subject
and only a few Americans have been to Denmark to learn.
So we must begin with the basic fact that Americans do not
know anything about energy systems in Denmark and unfortu-
nately very few know anything about energy systems in their
own country. Most Americans are absolutely appalled to dis-
cover that nearly 70% of energy used in electric generation
plants is simply wasted by inefficient production and distribu-
tion technologies. As my friend Tom Casten often points out,
electric generation plants in the United States waste more
energy (28.2 EJ in 2006) than Japans total energy consump-
tion (23.8 EJ), almost all as heat rejected into the atmosphere.
It should be possible to do something useful with this amount
of waste heat, and we need look no farther than the front page
of the Wall Street Journal on April 16, 2007 to find out that
hundreds of thousands of Danish homes and other buildings
are warmed by surplus heat from power plants. The Journal
article also informs us that about 61% of households in Den-
mark are heated by district heating, which Danish engineer
and energy regulator Peter Bach credits with achieving about
half of Denmarks energy savings over the past 25 years. We
also learn that
Building the district heating system was a pharaonic un-
dertaking that took a decade. Streets had to be torn up to
install massive underground pipes. Power plants needed
to be moved or build closer to peoples homes or offices
so that heat could be transferred over shorter distances.
The heat is transported from hundreds of small power
plants near cities, compared to 15 big power plants that
supplied electricity in the mid-1980s.
When representatives from Denmarks energy regulator
introduced the idea to local officers in towns and coun-
tries, they thought we were crazy, recalls Mr. Bach. But
the government bulldozed ahead, promising that district
heating would, among other things, bring lower prices. To-
day its cheaper than heating with natural gas or oil.
All of this is old news is Denmark, but virtually unknown in the
United States, where district heating is generally found only
on college campuses, military bases, and other facilities un-
der common ownership, plus district steam systems serving
downtown areas in several cities. During the 1980s the fed-
eral governments Department of Housing and Urban Devel-
opment strongly promoted new district heating systems, but
only a handful of new systems were built and only two of any
sized utilized modern European hot water piping systems. One
of these supplies about 1 PJ of heat to buildings in downtown
St. Paul, Minnesota and the second about 150 TJ of heat to 70
buildings in Jamestown, New York. A 25 MW biomass combined
heat and power plant now provides most of the heat in for the
St. Paul, while Jamestown uses a coal-fired municipal electric
plant as a heat source.
While writing my doctoral dissertation on the history of the
commercial introduction of cogeneration and district heating
in New York in the late 1870s, I was intrigued by references to
both earlier and later district heating systems. I visited a geo-
thermal hot water district heating system that has operated in
Boise, Idaho since 1893 and also made several trips to Europe,
where I saw a similar but much older system that has been
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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supplying hot water from a geothermal source in Chaudes-
Aigues in the Cantal region of southern France since 1322 as
well as some of the latest systems in Denmark. I was very im-
pressed with the extent of the Danish heating networks, but
disappointed to find that no one had taken the time to write
a history of how Denmark built so many district heating sys-
tems in such a short time period. I soon became convinced that
America was an enormous and ideal market for Danish-style
district heating networks, and after spending several years
trying to talk other people into making this happen realized
that I had to do it myself.
For the past several years I have been assembling information
and material on how to create a new wave of hot water district
heating systems in America, during which time the new term
district energy came into use to cover both district heating
and district cooling. Over time, I developed a strategy to mar-
ket new district energy systems to communities throughout
the northeast United States. Research showed that the opti-
mal ownership entity was a not-for-profit corporation, which
had been used by District Energy St. Paul and secures several
benefits under American law, particularly by enabling a low-
cost ownership structure as has been done with municipal and
cooperative ownership in Denmark. An umbrella not-for-profit,
the Northeast District Energy Corporation, has been formed
to manage this process on a large scale and also to provide
common services such as metering, billing, customer service,
marketing, underground utility locating, fuel procurement, and
material purchasing. Each new district energy system will have
the three basic elements found in any system: A low cost heat
source, customers, and a thermal distribution network, with
additional services such as cooling and high speed data deliv-
ery provided where demand exists.
The thermal distribution network and energy metering will be
based on proven European standards such as EN-253. The
University of Rochester recently installed a new hot water dis-
trict heating system for its campus based on these standards
that operates at 95F except during extreme weather con-
ditions. No one in the United States would think of building a
gas, water, or electric system without following the applicable
standards, but the lack of district heating standards in this
country is probably a major factor in the very small amount of
market penetration by district heating systems here. Achiev-
ing low return temperatures will be very challenging, since
most American building heating systems are designed with an
82C forward temperature and 71F return.

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J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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The Opportunity (and Necessity) for New District Energy Systems in...
A low cost heat source is absolutely critical to the economic
success of district energy. Wherever possible, existing heat
sources will be utilized. In one community, a large aluminum
mill has enough 90C waste heat to warm the entire adjacent
community of 10,000 people, as has been done in Germany and
Norway. Several communities have large power plants that can
provide enormous amounts of heat, and one community that
owns a large biomass electric plant is very enthusiastic about
the opportunities of district heating. Where no existing heat
source is available, the preferred solutions is a small, stand-
ardized biomass combined heat and power plant that can pro-
duce about 8 to 18 MW of hot water at 95C and 2 to 5 MW
of electricity. Flue gas condensers will be installed where suit-
able to increase the thermal capacity. Very few American boiler
manufacturers make suitable boilers for this application, which
requires high pressure (30+ bar) superheated steam.
Except in New England where a large number of wood fuel sup-
pliers are already in place, a combination of wood resides from
urban and forestry operations will be used in combination with
short rotation energy crops, primarily willow (salix) which has
been used successfully in many countries and can be grown by
local farmers under long term contract. In addition, large scale
solar thermal arrays will be employed where suitable space is
available. Solar intensity in New York and New England is about
30% higher than Denmark, where several such systems oper-
ate very successfully. Hot water thermal storage will be in-
cluded where appropriate to optimize operating and economic
performance.
One factor in selecting a 95C design hot water temperature
is the suitability to run single effect hot water absorption
chillers. The University of Rochester is currently implementing
a project to install two 3,500 kW (1,000 ton) absorption chillers
that will operate at this temperature. There is a high demand
for cooling and air conditioning in the United States, and the
use of thermal chillers provides numerous benefits by increas-
ing the system load factor during the summer, cogenerating
additional electricity when prices are highest, and simultane-
ously reducing the electricity demand for summer cooling.
The general economic theory of the biomass combined heat
and power plants is that the sale of electricity will pay for all
of the fuel cost, resulting in the commodity cost of the hot
water being zero or even negative. The participating custom-
ers agree to pay the capital and operating system of the
system in return for this free heat, which can then be used
very economically for snow melting, summer cooling, and other
uses that may otherwise not be feasible. The not-for-profit
corporate entity will have access to low cost financing, which
is secured by long-term energy supply agreements with the
participating customers.
All of the above is quite interesting, but without the third ele-
ment customers it is a theoretical exercise. Several con-
vergent factors have made it possible to interest a large
number of customers in many communities in new district
energy networks. The primary factor for most customers is
a desire to reduce and stabilize energy costs, which are very
high due to volatility in oil and natural gas markets driving on
short and long-term supply and demand concerns. Many are
also concerned about the related issue of energy security and
the economic benefits of keeping energy expenditures in a lo-
cal community rather than using them to import fuels from
another state or country. Environmental concerns, particu-
larly related to carbon emissions are also very important, and
to some people (even in America) is the most important issue
that can be addressed with district energy.
The biggest handicap to starting new district energy systems
is a complete absence of community-wide district energy in
the United States. I have a very long list of communities who
want to have the second one, so getting one or more built so
that others can see them will be of tremendous benefit. De-
spite this obstacle, several communities in New York, Vermont,
and New Hampshire have expressed strong interest in being
the first to have such a system. Many communities in New Eng-
land and northern New York State have no natural gas service
and are dependent on expensive fuel oil, and these commu-
nities are especially concerned about the economic effect of
high heating fuel costs.
The ideal community for a new district energy system would
be fairly compact and have one or more large governmental
or institutional consumers that can anchor development of
the new system. Other positive factors are the presence of
an existing low cost heat source or boiler plants that can be
converted to biomass combined heat and power. Examples of
each of these are currently in various stages of development,
and one or more could see construction take place in the sum-
mer of 2008. With one or more working systems in the region,
additional system development could take place very rapidly,
particularly if oil prices stay at high levels.
For further information please contact:
Mr. Morris A. Pierce
364 Rush Rhees Library
University of Rochester
New York 14627
USA
mapi@mail.rochester.edu
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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COP15 will be held in Copenhagen in December 2009.

One of the citys landmarks is Nyhavn where a lot
of people are always gathered especially in the
summer.

Sustainability in
a world of scarcity
By Mr. Jes B. Christensen,
Managing Director, DBDH
In 2007, everybody talked about climate
change following the United Nations
Climate Change Conference (COP13)
Dec. 3-14 in Bali. A record 10,000-plus
participants attended the confer-
ence from 189 official delegations to
NGOs, press and businesses. The con-
ference culminated with the adoption
of the Bali Road Map, which consists
of a number of forward-looking deci-
sions representing the various tracks
that are essential to reaching a secure
climate future. All eyes are on striking
an agreement at COP15 Copenhagen
2009, the next United Nations Climate
Change Conference.
See www.copy15.dk/en.
Why is a global climate agreement im-
portant? Because the question of cli-
mate change is not limited to a single
sector nor a geographically outlined
area. When global warming causes
Greenlands ice sheet in some places
to drop by one meter a month, and ice-
bergs the size of Maui are ripped off,
threats of rising sea level and floods
become everyones problem. When Chi-
na, the worlds biggest polluter of sulfur
dioxide the main component of acid
rain increases its SO2 emissions by 30
% since 2000, caused by the increas-
ing number of coal-fired power plants,
and California becomes the receiver of
acid rain from China, the problem is no
longer only Chinas.
Allowing unchanged development and
energy consumption in the world would
be both irresponsible and nonsustain-
able. To gamble with the future of the
planet because of doubts about the
conclusions of the Fourth Assessment
Report developed by the Intergovern-
mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
would be at best unwise and at worst
devastating. Does the slowing average
annual global GDP growth of less than
0.12, as calculated by the IPCC, make ad-
dressing global warming too expensive?
What would be the costs in 30 years if
we do nothing now? According to Pan
Yue, vice minister of Chinas State En-
vironmental Protection Administration,
Chinas nearly 30 years of skyscraping
economic growth will actually be nega-
tive when the costs for all the environ-
mental damage sustained during the
era of Chairman Mao have been set-
tled. This daunting announcement puts
things into perspective.
Denmark was chosen to host the Unit-
ed Nations Climate Change Conference
(COP15) in December 2009 because of
the impressive fact that over the last
close to 30 years, the country has ex-
perienced an economic growth of 70
% without increasing energy demand.
In other words, Denmark has proven it
possible to decouple economic growth
from energy consumption. This is one
way of defining sustainability.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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Sustainability in a world of scarcity
How does a state
maintain sustainability?
Sustainability is really about optimiz-
ing the resources available in a society.
The issue is one of how to make hu-
man economic systems last longer and
have less impact on ecological systems
with particular focus on major global
problems relating to climate change
and fossil fuel depletion. Fossil fuels
are perceived as finite resources; we
therefore need to investigate the po-
tential for renewable resources. The
word renewable implies immeasur-
able resources. We consider wind, sun
and geothermal energy to be abundant.
Biomass can only partly be considered
a renewable resource, as it is limited in
yearly production capacity; however, it
has exciting potential. In Denmark we
have very scarce resources available
when it comes to the natural habitat.
However, today 16 % of all Denmarks
primary energy stems from renewable
energy sources such as wind power, so-
lar energy and biomass. This number will
increase to 20 % by 2011. A large share
of this result can be attributed the dis-
trict heating sector. Heating 61 % of all
Danish buildings with district heating,
where 42 % of the heating comes from
renewable resources, is both visionary
and sustainable.
Conventional thinking in the energy
technology business is unwise. Despite
the many advantages of thermal en-
ergy, continuing to supply heat from
steam and permitting the construc-
tion of power plants without utilizing
surplus heat are both nonsustainable.
Using steam requires higher tempera-
ture and larger pipes. Therefore, one is
neither fully optimizing the production
of electricity nor cost-optimizing the
size of piping. The International Energy
Authority has also very clearly stipu-
lated that two-thirds of the worlds
resources are wasted because many
power plants do not utilize the surplus
heat for district heating or cooling.
Calculating sustainability
Becoming sustainable requires a two-
tiered approach. First, we all have to re-
duce current energy consumption lev-
els, which requires a behavioral change.
This involves educating consumers
about the potential savings available.
In China, Denmark has for a number of
years battled with the central govern-
ment to convince them of the need to
change consumers behavior from pay-
ing for heat based on the size of the
household to paying according to actual
consumption. This of course requires
installation of meters. It looks like 2008
will be the year when this change will be
implemented. Second, once energy con-
sumption has been lowered, we need to
make the production of what energy we
do use as efficient as possible. Here it
becomes interesting to look into the
idea of primary energy factor (PEF).
61% of all Danish buildings use district heating, and system expansion continues,
as shown here in Copenhagen where pipes are being installed.
The European Union (EU) has clearly
expressed far-reaching ambitions to
make the European energy system more
efficient by increasing efficiency by 20
% by 2020. The important motivation is
that many fossil fuels still a major part
of the energy supply are scarce and
contribute to global warming. The focus
must be on saving primary resources.
Too often the focus is on the end-use of
energy, which does not include the loss
of energy on its way to the consumers.
Electricity is the most obvious example
of this. Power plants have at maximum
an efficiency of 40 % to 45 %. The end-
E N E R G Y
use of electricity is close to 100 %. This
would not be the case with individual
gas/oil burners. However, to supply a
customer with gas or oil is much more
energy-efficient than the marginal sup-
ply of electricity. We know that a com-
bined heat and power plant is more than
twice as efficient as a power plant not
utilizing the surplus heat.
Wind and solar energy, both widely used
in Denmark, are considered to be infi-
nite resources; therefore we give these
renewable resources a PEF of 0. Fos-
sil fuels are limited; hence we give them
PEF of 1. This is also the case with bio-
fuels (and hydro power) on an annual
basis. Let me elaborate on this with an
example: The efficiency of producing
electricity without utilizing the surplus
heat is assumed to be 40 percent. This
means that the electricity purchased
by an end-user is (= 1/0.40) a PEF of
2.5 to reflect the real use of (the pri-
mary) energy. On the other hand, using
free energy from utilizing the surplus
heat from industries, power plants and
waste incineration plants into district
heating systems as carrier will enable
PEFs below 1.0. In general, district heat-
ing in Denmark has a PEF of 0.5. (A PEF
of 0.5 for district heating means that 1
MWh only requires 0.5 MWh fossil fuel.)
The use of the primary energy factor is
a prerequisite when designing future
European energy systems, which aim to
achieve the highest efficiency possible.
A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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Let me also elaborate with some real-
time calculations for the EU as outlined
in the Ecoheatcool study (www.euro-
heat.org/ecoheatcool/). According to
the study, if European district heating
sales were doubled from todays level of
around 9 % to 10 %, the results would
be
higher energy efficiency, as the pri-
mary energy supply can be reduced by
2.14 EJ/year, equivalent to the whole
energy balance of Sweden;
higher security of supply, reducing
import dependency by 4.45 EJ/year,
corresponding to 5.5 % of all primary
energy supply or more than the whole
energy balance of Poland; and
Inside the EU, 75 % of all residents live
in cities, of which more than half live in
multilevel buildings, which indicates the
paramount potential for increasing the
supply of district heating and cooling.
According to Eurostat (the Statisti-
cal Office of the European Communi-
ties) and the Danish Energy Authority,
Denmark is the most energy-efficient
country in the world. A major contribu-
tor to this achievement is district heat-
ing, a technology that utilizes waste
heat to heat approximately two-thirds
of all Danish homes. What other tech-
nology provides the same multifaceted
environmental and energy benefits that
district energy does?
For further information
please contact:
DBDH
Att.: Mr. Jes B. Christensen
Gregersensvej, Indgang 3
DK-2630 Taastrup
Phone: +45 4355 0888
Fax: +45 4355 0888
jbc@dbdh.dk.
Both pictures reprinted from District
Energy, Second Quarter 2008.
2008 International District Energy
Association. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

lower carbon dioxide emissions, re-

duced to an estimated to 404 million
tons annually, corresponding to 9.3 %
of the total CO2 emissions from fuel
combustion or the total annual CO2
emissions from fuel combustion in
France.

Together We Can Solve

the Challenges of Tomorrow
ABB undertakes a variety of projects within
district heating from small to large-scale
turnkey projects.

We offer a wide range of automation solu-

tions and products all based on the latest
IT technology.

ABB in Denmark is the worldwide research

and development center for district heating and
cooling automation within the ABB Group.

ABB A/S, Meterbuen 33, DK-2740 Skovlunde, Phone: +45 4450 4450, e-mail: abb.dk@dk.abb.com

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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Pilot project
at Sarajevo District Heating Power Plant
shows that energy metering is the way to go
In Sarajevo, a comparison between in-
stallations with energy metering and
installations without energy metering
indicates that energy metering helps
increase energy efficiency while reduc-
ing energy consumption.
In Bosnia, as in other Eastern Euro-
pean countries, the transition from
command to market economy has been
problematic, especially for the energy
sector. Until 1997, the energy sector
was state-subsidized, meaning that
energy virtually did not cost anything
for the consumers. Since 1997, consum-
ers have paid almost real heating price,
but due to increasing oil and gas prices,
several countries now face a severe
deficit in government finances, and lack
the means to maintain and renovate ex-
isting power supply plants.
In the quest to untie this Gordian knot,
many power plants have tried to find
alternative ways to reduce energy con-
sumption. One of the pioneers is the
Toplane Sarajevo District Heating Sys-
tem, which has implemented a ground-
By Gerner Christensen,
Branch Office Manager,
Kamstrup
breaking energy metering pilot project.
Toplane Sarajevo District Heating Sys-
tem is consisting of 130 boiler houses.
Expected energy saving
between 5 and 10%
Said CEO Mirzo Hadzialic
(Managing Director) : We
introduced the energy me-
tering project to increase
energy efficiency and reduce
consumption. The aim was
to see whether energy me-
tering could minimize overall
energy costs and allow for
investment in the mainte-
nance and upgrading of the
heating system. Its a 3-year
pilot project, implemented
at buildings and business premises. At
present, our system is heating about
50,000 flats and 3,000 companies, and
the supplied energy is charged per
square meter of a buildings floor area.
As our installations are not adapted to
energy metering, we have to do a lot of
reconstruction before implementation.
In the last years, we installed close to
900 meters. This year, we expect to in-
stall 500 more and thereby complete
the project. Using special software that
can easily calculate possible savings
compared with expected consumption
and real consumption, weve already
made analyses of the metering instal-
lations - and the results are good. Our
expectations of final energy savings on
the total level, meaning all customers,
are between 5-10%, depending on the
thermal condition of the buildings. With
E N E R G Y
danish
technologies
abroad
more than 20% of GDP being spent on
energy, this is a significant result. Our
plan is to install cumulative meters in
front of the buildings and divide the
total energy building consumption pro-
portionally on our customers (flats). In-
dividual metering will be the next phase
of this project.
A high-tech solution
The automatic meter reading system
chosen by Toplane Sarajevo District
Heating System is a complete solution
from the meter manufacturer Kam-
strup A/S. Before implementing the
project, we specified our technical re-
quirements as well as other important
requests, and invited tenders. Among
those who responded, Kamstrup came
up with the most favourable offer. They
fulfilled all our technical requirements
and, from an earlier pilot project, we
knew Kamstrup and their products,
so they were an obvious choice, Mirzo
Hadzialic comments.
The solution consists of an ultrasonic
heat meter with a built-in radio module.
Its unique feature is that data from the
meters is transmitted to a hand-held
unit with an antenna. This is located in a
car that drives around the area, taking
readings of the meters. This obviates
the need for the meter reader to en-
ter individual premises, thereby offer-
ing consumers a degree of convenience
and privacy rarely seen.
We have been delighted with Kam-
strups products. Their technical and
A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

quality standards are very high, and
they fulfil all our expectations and regu-
lations, says Mirzo Hadhzialic.
A model for others
The metering project at Toplane Sara-
jevo District Heating System has be-
come a model in Bosnia. A great deal
of its success can be attributed to the
thorough customer information proc-
ess.
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8
Before the project, we sent brochures
and leaflets to all our customers ex-
plaining the project and the advantages
of metering. We also put a lot of infor-
mation about the metering process in
the media, highlighting the potential
efforts and benefits. We think energy
metering is to everybodys advantage
it saves our customers money, al-
lows power plants to save money on
fuel, and lessens the financial burden on
the country as a whole. Because Bosnia
lacks its own fossil fuels, we have to im-
port gas from Russia. Lowering domes-
tic energy use obviously reduces the
amount we have to spend on imported
fuel, Mirzo Hadhzialic concludes.
P
_
13
As a result of the pilot project, a re-
cently adopted Law on Consumer Pro-
tection states that energy is to be paid
according to actual consumption, rath-
er than by square meter. Next year, To-
plane Sarajevo District Heating System
plans to start with real metering and
billing based on energy consumption. In
addition, a certified laboratory for heat
meters has been planned in Toplane
Sarajevo. That laboratory should cover
all needs in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
For further information
please contact:
Kamstrup A/S
Att.: Gerner Christensen
Industrivej 28, Stilling
DK-8660 Skanderborg
Phone: +45 8993 1000
Fax: +45 8993 1001
GC@kamstrup.com
www.dbdh.dk
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Danish district heating

systems in South Korea
danish
technologies
abroad

As a highly technologically developed nation with deep concerns about energy resources and en-
vironmental aspects, district heating has for many years been a natural choice in South Korea.
During the last twenty years a large number of networks have been established primarily based
on CHP production, and the number of ongoing and planned projects is enormous. Being a nation
of curious and adventurous people it has been a natural thing for Korean district heating ex-
perts to investigate, how district heating is implemented in other countries, and when it comes
to gathering inspiration and discussing various solutions, focus has naturally been on Denmark.
By Jeppe Hastrup,
Project Manager, Rambll

During the last five to six years Ramboll has carried out a
number of study projects together with staff from the major
Korean District Heating Company (KDHC) and the related Kore-
an District Heating Engineering Company (KDHEC). The studies
have involved a number of visits from Korean district heating
experts, including inspections of district heating installations
not only in Denmark but also in Holland and Germany.
The general concept for district heating in Korea is one pro-
duction unit connected to one network. A heat accumulator
at the production unit takes care of the pressurization of the
network - just like in many Danish small-sized and medium-
sized district heating systems. In Korea the systems are sit-
uated in closely related areas, and many of the systems are
equipped with heat exchanger-based interconnections to the
neighbouring system. This way a certain load dispatch may take
place but it involves some temperature loss, and operation of
the heat exchanger station will not allow for a completely free
distribution of the heat.
At present a new transmission line is being designed between
the Paju area and the Samsong area in Seoul. The project in-
cludes two new combined cycle CHP plants - one in each area.
The transmission line will supply heat to new areas, and it will
also be connected to the district heating area in the south
related to the Koyang Plant. This connection will be estab-
lished by a heat exchanger in the Kintex area, but in the fu-
ture other transmission lines may be connected directly to the
Paju-Samsong line, thereby avoiding the temperature loss and
operational difficulties related to heat exchanger-based con-
nection points between transmission systems.
For this project the Korean experts realized that the tradi-
tional district heating concept based on heat storage tanks
used for pressurizing of the network would cause some prob-
lems, when more power plants, each equipped with heat ac-
cumulators, were to supply heat to the same transmission
system. Therefore, the Korean experts decided to implement
the concept with a fixed average heat level and accumulator
tanks operating at a lower pressure. This is the concept of
the large district heating transmission system in Denmark: in
Copenhagen, in Aarhus and in the Triangle-area. The principle
is shown in figure 2.

The Korean district heating experts found that this concept

is very flexible regarding load dispatch and expansion possi-
bilities with many possibilities for optimizing the production
of heat and power and thereby reducing primary energy con-
sumption and CO2 emission. Ramboll was invited to participate
in the basic concept design with focus on hydraulic issues, such
as specifications of valves and pumps for the heat storage and
design of regulator concepts for the pumps and valves for the

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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_
15

storage tanks. As part of this work a quasi stationary simulator was The above-mentioned water hammer-
set up in order to study how the flow to and from the heat storages ing example is only one out of many
may be controlled in order to ensure a stable operation of the total subjects where fruitful and interest-
system. ing discussions have taken place be-
tween Korean and Danish district heat-
A large transmission system like the Paju-Samsong line should always ing experts. It is most likely that also in
be subject to water hammering analyses, and especially in this case the future there will be many subjects
high differences in ground level may result in undesirable situations to discuss between Korean and Dan-
in the case of pump trips. A number of water hammering calculations ish district heating experts related to
were carried out in order to reveal the problems and to suggest solu- district heating and cooling and the
tions. related proper utilization of renewable
energy. Around the world there is an
increasing focus on energy consump-
tion and environmental aspects, and in
many cases district heating has proven
to be an efficient and feasible way of
reducing these problems. There is every
probability that in the near future not
only Denmark but also South Korea will
be the place to go, if you want to study
state-of-the-art within district heat-
ing systems.

For further information

please contact:
Rambll
Figure 3 shows a profile of the transmission line. The heavy green line Att.: Jeppe Hastrup
indicates the ground level and it is noticed that in the area to the right Teknikerbyen 31, DK-2830 Virum
there are some particularly high peaks. Apart from the ground level the Phone: +45 4598 8762,
figure shows the pressure in the flow and return pipes at various mo- Fax: +45 4598 8535
ments. The plot indicates what will happen, if a pump trip occurs in the HJH@ramboll.dk
area to the right of the Samsong plant. It is seen that during the pump
trip the pressure lines will go below the ground level indicating that an DBDH has just signed a Memorandum
undesirable vacuum will occur in this area. The risks of such situations of Understanding with the Korean
can be reduced by implantation of a pressurized vessel in the network. District Heating Corporation.
This is indicated in figure 4, where it is seen that the pressure line will
stay above the ground level after implementation of the vessel.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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To be or not to be
reliable and efficient
is Real-Time Thermal Modeling
and Simulation the answer?
District energy utilities from all parts of the world are em-
bracing a unique methodology and technology called Real-Time
Thermal Modeling and Simulation to increase reliability and ef-
ficiency as well as cutting cost and lower emissions an all-in-
one solution!
District energy systems that use steam, chilled water or hot
water as distribution sources for thermal energy can take
full advantage of Real-Time Thermal Modeling and Simulation
(RTTMS).
Accurate decision-ready information is the key to optimizing
cost efficient and sustainable decisions in any district energy
system, whether ranging from a few nodes with a single plant
to thousands of nodes and multiple plants. Real-time informa-
tion technology solutions are perfect for turning data into in-
formation/knowledge to be distributed to the right people at
the right time, enabling them to execute sustainable and cost
efficient decisions at management, tactical and operational
level.
This article introduces the concepts and technology behind
RTTMS as well as highlights of the case studies from The Uni-
versity of New Mexico (UNM) and The University of Texas at
Austin (UTA) both in the USA. The universities have central
utilities providing thermal energy (district energy) for heat-
ing, cooling, electrical power, domestic water and sewage for
100,000+ staff and students in 250+ buildings with a total of
350+ MW of installed thermal capacity.
The challenge peak loads and the day-to-day
Times are changing for most district energy utilities. The ma-
jority of the district energy utilities are challenged with man-
aging and operating expanding systems of different ages with
the same bucket of O&M resources, and at the same time,
increasing reliability and efficiency. Working harder does not
do the job working smarter is more likely to bring success.
Working smarter in this context means all decision makers in
all functions and levels have access to accurate decision-ready
information, allowing sustainable and cost-efficient decisions
for the full life-cycle of the district energy systems. Here is
where information technology, and in particular RTTMS, can
make the difference and challenge the weve always done it
this way because it works claim.
danish
technologies
abroad
Juan Ontiveros, Director P.E. and
Kevin Kuretich, Associate Director, P.E, The
University of Texas at Austin;
Larry Schuster, Utilities Engineer, P.E. and
Jeffrey Zumwalt, Associate Director, P.E.,
The University of New Mexico;
Thomas S. Lund-Hansen, Vice President, P.E.,
7-Technologies North America
The RTTMS concept and context
In a perfect world, real-time instrumenta-
tion would be spread out covering the com-
plete thermal distribution network as well
as the plants and the customers (buildings).
This, however, is far from feasible with todays technology. Here
is where modeling and simulation kicks in: to model and simu-
late all operational scenarios, highly sophisticated and complex
dynamic thermal mathematical equations are needed. That is
the engine of RTTMS - we call the engine 7TFlow, which has
been developed and upgraded for 20+ years as the core of the
7T RTTMS suite of solutions called TERMIS.
Wrapped around the model and simulation engine is an intuitive
graphical user interface (GUI) designed to meet the needs of
the different users. These users may be:
The four-step path to achieve RTTMS optimal benefits:
1. Design and build the static thermal model of the
district energy system
2. Integrate and calibrate the phase 1 model with
the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) or other real-time instrumentation system.
3. Operate the district energy system driven
by the RTTMS in concert with SCADA
4. Optimize the district energy system
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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17

The context of accurate and
decision-ready information
Accuracy of the information provided is the key to the usabil-
ity of a RTTMS solution. Current experience suggests com-
parable accuracy to instrumentation after proper calibration.
Decision-ready information leaves little or no room for inter-
pretation. Graphical presentation and comprehensive report-
ing tools are keys to providing decision-ready information.
Examples of RTTMS benefits for the full life cycle of a district
energy system
Overhauls, Retrofits and Maintenance: RTTMS collects and
archives relevant operational information and serves as the
foundation for decision making and planning of these cost in-
tensive tasks.
Cross Organizational Reporting: The RTTMS information ar-
chive serves as the platform for a wide range of reports based
on thermal performance and analysis, including predictions for
short- and long-term planning.

Master Planning: Feasibility study of

the current district energy systems
capacity including identification of sys-
Knowledge taking people further
tem bottlenecks.

Asset evaluation: Due diligence

for potential M&A deals and for book
keeping/annual reporting purposes.

Design: Design the physical piping net-

work system; size, length, type, heat/
cooling losses, demands, pumps, valves,
thermal storage, exchangers, plants etc.

Implementation and commissioning:

The backbone commissioning toolbox
for such tasks as calibration of the in-
strumentation, complete test and re-
porting of the implementation of the
district energy network including set-
points, loads, performances etc. Feed-
back and adjustment of the original
modeling and simulation work.

Operation: RTTMS is the key tool to

operate the district energy network District Heating---
at the optimal cost efficient level and
at the same time monitor for poten-
tial alarm situations. RTTMS does not
substitute for SCADA and control sys-
tems; RTTMS provides key information, Consultancy Services Worldwide
which may not be possible to retrieve
Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Re-
from SCADA and other control systems
public, Estonia, Georgia, Germany, Greenland, Faroe Islands
directly. The What If scenarios capa- Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mol-
bility provides the control room dis- dova, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Korea, Sweden,
The Netherlands, Turkmenistan, UK, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan.
patcher with the option to simulate the
results of any operation considered. Ramboll, Teknikerbyen 31, DK-2830 Virum, Denmark
This could be operations like closing a Tel +45 4598 8300, Fax +45 4598 8535, www.ramboll.com

valve, starting a pump, starting another

chiller, lowering supply temperature or
pressure mentioning a few examples.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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To be or not to be reliable and efficient is Real-Time Thermal Modeling and...
Why UNM and UTA decided to invest in RTTMS
At UNM I am responsible for signing off the service level
agreements with all the different customers (buildings) and I
needed a tool to tell me whether this was possible or not. Not
just from a design point of view but actually more from the op-
erational point of view. That kicked off UNMs desire to invest
in a RTTMS system. The district energy system is financed by
public bonds and we have to pay back our loans and dividend.
Our investment in the TERMIS RTTMS system plays a key role to
ensure our financial commitments to the holders of the bonds
says Jeffrey Zumwalt, Associate Director UNM Utilities.
Efficiency, optimization and reliability are key components for
our district cooling and heating energy systems serving 160
campus buildings at UTA, says Juan M. Ontiveros, Director of
Utilities and Energy Management and continues:
We chose TERMIS from 7-Technologies as an optimization and
efficiency software tool for our chilled water system not only
for thermal modelling but also for identification and quantifi-
cation of strategies for increasing efficiencies and reducing
operating costs as well as cutting emissions by cutting energy
consumption. Our goal is to use TERMIS to provide decision-
ready information that allows all UTA utility staff to make the
best possible decisions. Not only for master planning and engi-
neering design, but also for the system implementation, com-
missioning, operation, maintenance, overhauls, retrofits and
expansions. In addition, TERMIS provides good reporting to
management and external authorities.
How has UNM and UTA deployed
the TERMIS solution and examples of benefits
The implementation and integration of the TERMIS solution
went smoothly in very few weeks actually. We have gained sig-
nificant knowledge about our steam and chilled water systems,
says Larry Schuster, Utilities Engineer and Project Manager of
the UNM district energy rehabilitation project and continues:
The TERMIS solution recommended closing one steam pipeline
to the north area on the UNM campus to optimize the opera-
tion and delivery to that campus area. We didnt even realize
the system would work fine without the pressure reducing
valve
On optimization of delta T due to monitoring return tempera-
tures: Although we monitor the temperatures, we do not have
direct control of them. Another area of the Physical Plant is
responsible for building operations.
On optimization of supply pressure and temperature to the
buildings: We monitor the minimum pressure to make sure it is
sufficient to supply the building requirements
We are in the middle of phase 2 and have already planned the
following reliability and efficiency enhancements to our district
energy systems, says Kevin Kuretich, UTA Utilities and Energy
Management, Associate Director of Plant Operations:
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
 P
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19

TERMIS provides unique benefits
for efficiency and optimization
One of the main reasons for UTA to use TERMIS is to optimize
system pressures and temperatures according to the demand
of each of the buildings. TERMIS makes it possible to set pri-
orities for the production plants, the thermal energy storage
and pumping stations in real-time and thereby reduce produc-
tion and pumping overhead to virtually zero.
TERMIS provides unique benefits
For the UTA operators
Another main reason for UTA to use TERMIS is the real-time
capability that provides the UTA district energy system opera-
tors with a complete overview of the operational conditions
and dynamic thermal values. At the same time it allows the
operators to simulate What if scenarios before executing a
command. In addition, TERMIS Real-time can help identify po-
tential problems before they happen and help the operator to
quickly determine and solve operational chilled water distribu-
tion problems.
In terms of maintenance TERMIS lets UTA determine the ef-
fects of closing off parts of the system, whether for a few
hours or several months. TERMIS can also easily determine
where new valves should be placed.
Perspectives for the future
Yes! is the answer to the title question. RTTMS has proven to
be an important part of solving the equation for district en-
ergy utilities and consultants to design, operate, maintain and
manage the increasing complexity of district energy systems
as well as the demand for increased efficiency and reliability
with the same bucket of resources. The TERMIS RTTMS solu-
tion has proven pay-back in most cases in less than 12 months
of operation.
For further information please contact:
The University of Texas at Austin, Att.: Juan Ontiveros or
Kevin M. Kuretich, Phone: +1 512 471 9680
Juan.Ontiveros@austin.texas.edu or
Kevin.Kuretich@austin.utexas.edu

The benefits of TERMIS for engineering

The University of New Mexico, Att.: Jeffey Zumwalt or
design and maintenance
Larry Schuster, Phone: +1 505 277 6978
UTA uses TERMIS to determine the optimal routing and siz-
jzumwalt@unm.edu or Schuster@unm.edu
ing of new piping serving new buildings, when planning and per-
forming expansions. The historical velocity profiles will allow
7-Technologies, North America
UTA to determine what areas of the campus should have new
Att.: Thomas S. Lund-Hansen
piping replaced. TERMIS also ascertains if adequate chilled wa- Phone: +1 845 270 3897
ter is available where new facilities are planned.
tlh@7t.dk

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J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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District heating of the future

Development and demonstration of a highly efficient and low CO2 emission decentralised
district heating system utilizing the flexible and intelligent energy system
By Per Kristensen, Managing Director, Brdstrup District Heating Company
and Peter Holm, Consulting engineer, Rambll

In case of large (centralised) combined heat and power plants
the primary energy factor can be lower than 0.5 due to a large
usage of surplus heat from waste incineration, industry and ef-
ficient power production. Decentralised district heating plants
on the contrary do have rather high primary energy factors
due to a compulsory use of natural gas and the absence of
surplus heat from industry and large-scale CHP production.
The project Brdstrup, Ring Spark 1 will aim at developing
and demonstrating a low resource system/concept, which with
regards to low resource factors/primary energy factors will be
at the same level as large central district heating plants. The
entire district heat supply chain from production to use will be
optimised and demonstrated. The project will include efficient
heat production with renewable energy, optimising the district
heating system (reducing heat loss by using extra insulated
pipelines, optimising dimensions and length of the pipelines,
better and more intelligent control systems), and involving the
users.
Illustration of the proposed low resource district heating system Brdstrup, Ring Spark 1
District heating for Brdstrup, Ring Spark 1
A project like this with decentralised solar energy placed at
various sites in the area has never been done before. Similarly,
CO2 heat pumps inserted in a district heating system must be
considered as innovation. The outlined district heating project
is thus to a great extent a development project as no similar,
optimised CO2 neutral systems have ever been built before.
Therefore the system can be characterised as 2nd genera-
tion district heating. Consequently, a more detailed analysis
is needed for development of technological and feasible solu-
tions. Some of the components are well-known technology, but
what is new is the combination and the interaction between
them and the controlling system. This is innovation and neces-
sitates an extra effort as a pilot project.
The district heating system developed in this phase will supply
both existing building (60) and new buildings (100).

Ring Spark, Brdstrup

Second generation district heating

Existing solar heating plant

Roof integrated solar heating

Solar store

Roof integrated solar heating

Heat pump

Electricity
Small ground based solar heating plant

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

It is emphasised that this part of the project is not only rele-
vant for Brdstrup: the technique and methods can be applied
everywhere in Denmark as well as internationally where district
heating can be applied. Therefore the described project must
be considered as highly significant because the results can be
spread and used widely.
An example of integration of solar heating in a house roof. This concept will
be further developed in the project so that entire roof surfaces will consist
of solar heat elements. In this way traditional roofing can be avoided, and
the sun roof will, in periods, produce more heat energy than is used in the
house. The surplus heat is forwarded to the district heating network for col-
lective accumulation or for immediate use in other heating installations.
Brdstrup, Ring Spark 1 will develop and demonstrate a high-
ly efficient and low CO2 emission decentralised district heating
system. The results will be obtained by using renewable energy
sources to an extent not yet seen in a decentralised district
heating plant in Denmark, utilising and combining renewable
energy solutions such as solar heating and heat pumps, also
the district heating system and network will be optimised from
production to consumer altogether minimising the primary
energy factor of marginally produced heat to a very minimum.
Typically major collective heat supply installations are many
times more efficient than individual heat supply solutions
(household solutions) compared to the necessary investments.
A report made by consulting engineers Ramboll for the Danish
Energy Agency in 2005/2006 revealed that district heating of
new housing areas built according to the latest Building Direc-
tive will be a far better solution from a socio-economic per-
spective than individual heating solutions based on fossil fuels,
biomass fuel, solar energy, heat pumps or a combination here-
of. Besides, in the actual study, no account was taken if the
considerable optimisation possibilities in the district heating
systems, which this project is to document.
J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8
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Fact: Several theoretical studies show that district heating
with renewable energy (e.g. solar heating) has large benefits.
[Demonstration to confirm the results of these studies is
needed to support the development towards such low re-
source district heating systems]
In spring 2006 Energinet.dk was leading a working group who
was to draw up a report on solar energy in district heating
areas. Among others, the report concluded:
The overall conclusion is that as well district heating consum-
ers as the producers of energy and the environment will profit
from solar energy. Solar energy in district heating areas with a
high degree of environmentally friendly electricity from espe-
cially wind power, will contribute positively to the running of an
electricity market where criteria for success are flexibility and
ability to react on price fluctuations.
In 2006 the Danish Society of Engineers (IDA) prepared the
Energy Plan 2030. The basis of the plan was formed at about
40 seminars, meetings and conferences with a wide participa-
tion from more than 1600 engineers and other professionals
from the energy sector.
The purposes of the Energy Plan were to show how the CO2
emissions could be cut by the half, how exports of energy tech-
nologies could be multiplied and how the self-sufficiency rate
could be maintained in 2030. On the background of wide-scale
technical analyses of systems and socio-economical evalua-
tions of the consequences, the Energy Plan explains how the
goals can be achieved with an important and very significant
economic and environmental benefit to the society. In the En-
ergy Plan the IDA writes among other:
It is obvious to continue the development of large-scale solar
heating facilities for district heating systems, which do not al-
ready have CO2-free surplus heat during the summer as the
district heating often has heat storage facilities, and since
large facilities and heat storage facilities for district heating
are more cost efficient than individual solar heat systems.
For further information please contact:
Brdstrup Fjernvarme
(Brdstrup District Heating Company)
Att.: Per Kristensen
Fjernvarmevej 2, DK-8740 Brdstrup
Phone: +45 7575 3300, Fax: +45 7575 3519
pk@braedstrup-fjernvarme.dk
Rambll
Att.: Peter Holm
Prinsensgade 11, DK-9000 Aalborg
Phone: +45 9935 7428, Fax: +45 9935 7505
ptrh@ramboll.dk
www.dbdh.dk
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By Peter Sonne, Project Manager, Grontmij | Carl Bro
and Jacob Ipsen, Project Assistant, Grontmij | Carl Bro
Natural gas effectively superseded
by district heating
based on excess heat from waste incineration and power production
District heating from excess heat; far from fully utilised
The market for district heating is still developing and the EU
target of a 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020
put pressure on solutions to reach this goal. The increasing
amounts of waste and surplus heat from CHP in combination
with the developing prices on fossil fuels have made it feasible
to expand the district heating systems into areas so far sup-
plied by gas.
Prices on fossil fuels are increasing. The climate change issue
require less emissions of CO2 from fossil fuels. Increasing vol-
umes of waste produced and delivered to the many waste in-
cineration plants in Denmark result in huge available amounts
of low-grade heat. Along with the political will to maintain the
level of supply security and the prospective focus area with
a lot of cross-sector benefits and potentials, the waste-to-
heat technology is now further developed in Denmark.
Potential with waste
As a result of the increasing economic wealth worldwide, the
amount of waste being produced increases significantly. The
technology of processing waste-to-energy in combination
with recycling is still far from sufficiently developed around the
world. It is a general environmental problem that huge amounts
of waste are dumped and being a treat to the environment.
The environmental impact from dumping is an increasing prob-
lem to fresh water supply, oceans, air and people. In Denmark
waste dumping and depositing have been prohibited for many
years. Waste must be recycled or incinerated. Over the years
all regions in Denmark have been supplied with facilities for
waste incineration. In total 39 plants are in operation, and half
of these produce electricity in combination with heat, whereas
the remaining plants only produce heat. They are all connected
to district heating systems and they are all under close moni-
toring and restrictions for the emissions. Utilising waste as
fuel for heat production benefits the utilisation of waste and
it reduces the CO2 emissions.
The heat market with monopoly status
Worldwide we see that district heating normally competes on
commercial basis with natural gas. However in Denmark the
markets have been politically divided into areas based on heat
density. The most heat dense areas were allocated for district
heating; the rest natural gas. Rural areas were allocated for
individual boilers. The utility companies were given a monopoly
status, which ensured them the right and the obligation to
service the customers. It secured the commercial basis for the
companies and the ability to pay back the large investments in
the grids. The customers rights were secured through trans-
parent decisions and democracy systems for the boards of
the utility companies. Master plans for the heat supply were
developed in the municipalities in the 1980es. These were the
basis for the construction of large natural gas and district
heating systems. Long term monopoly supply contracts based
on 20 or 25 years ensured a reasonable payback time. Today
most of the investments for the networks and grids have been
paid back, and the argument for the monopoly status of the
utility companies is gone. The new issues today are system de-
velopment, increased efficiency and climate change.
EU policy on climate change
To aim at a development of supply security and reduced climate
impact, the EU has a target of reducing greenhouse gas emis-
sions by 20%, ensure 20% of renewable energy sources in the
EU energy mix and to reduce EU primary energy use by 20% by
2020. This plan is called the 20/20/20 objective. District heat-
ing projects superseding natural gas can and will help to reach
these targets.
District heating from waste incineration is considered a re-
newable energy source, as excess heat is made useful. The heat
from waste incineration is less carbon intensive than heating
with natural gas. The fossil related CO2-emissions from the
plastic fraction in the waste are set to 1/3 of the CO2-emis-
sions from natural gas. Furthermore the use of primary energy
consumption in the EU will be reduced with more effective use
of excess heat from waste incineration and power plant.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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Increasing the district heating market District heating to replace natural gas
The combination of the environment protection, the require- in Birkerd, Denmark
ment for lower CO2-emissions, the increasing availability of Planning period: 2006-2008
thermal heat, the increasing fossil fuel prices, as well as the ex- Implementation period: 2009-2012
piring monopoly status made the idea of enhancing the district
heating systems into traditional natural gas markets natural. The first installation contracts are already signed.
Through feasibility studies the financial and economical viability The net will be supplied with excess heat from
of the projects were investigated and all turned out extremely waste incineration.
feasible. The natural gas companies however, had difficulties The delivery of heat is planned to 110,000 MWh/year,
accepting the idea as they could see their market share and replacing 10 mio.N-m3 gas.
income diminish. Based on a political pressure it was there- The maximum supply capacity is 26 MWth.
fore agreed between the companies to compensate natural The total project budget is 240 million DKK (E34 mio.).
gas suppliers their remaining debt on the natural gas grid. This
compensation scheme, however, did not change the feasibility
of the projects. In fact, by looking at them from a national per- For further information please contact
spective, the saved natural gas is useful for other purposes. It
Grontmij | Carl Bro
can be offered for export in the European grid or be saved for
Att.: Peter Sonne
the future.
Granskoven 8, DK-2600 Glostrup
Phone: +45 4348 6060
The lessons to be learned from the projects are that waste in-
Fax: +45 4348 6660
cineration is part of the solution to reduce the impact on cli-
pms@grontmij-carlbro.dk
mate change. Waste is still increasing in volume and constitutes
an increasing risk to our environment. Waste incineration meets
both these objectives and, with the increasing fossil fuel prices,
it makes district heating even more feasible. In Denmark this is
now demonstrated in large projects, which are under construc-
tion with the participation of Grontmij | Carl Bro.

Clean, reliable and affordable heating

CTR Metropolitan Copenhagen Heating Transmission Company

CTR
Sthr Johansens Vej 38
DK 2000 Frederiksberg
Phone +45 3818 5777
Fax +45 3818 5799
ctr@ctr.dk
www.ctr.dk

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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latest news
APV heat exchangers in the background. H.E. Ambassador Kristensen
to Canada asks questions to the Enwave staff
DBDH visits Canada
From 5 May to 10 May seven member companies of DBDH (ABB,
CTR, Grundfos, Kamstrup, Logstor, Rambll and 7-Technolo-
gies) travelled to Canada (Toronto and Calgary) as part of the
DBDH North America (NA) Groups first initiative in creating
a long-term strategic partnership with our North American
colleagues. The aspiration is supporting the development and
facilitating solutions on energy efficient and environmentally
sustainable district energy systems combating climate change,
simultaneously increasing win-win business opportunities.
With support from the Trade Council of Denmark, the Consu-
late General in Chicago and Toronto as well as the Danish Em-
bassy in Ottawa, DBDH organized a week event with business
meetings in Toronto and Peel, Ontario and participation at the
Canadian District Energy Associations 13th Yearly Conference
in Calgary, Alberta.
In Toronto DBDH was very privileged and honored by the sup-
port given by H.E. Ambassador Poul E. D. Kristensen. His par-
ticipation in meetings and sharing his views and knowledge as
well as hosting a VIP reception for specially invited guests from
all over Canada was highly appreciated.
Arriving on the 5th of May after many hours of travelling we
immediately began the program with presentations given by
Canadian Urban Institute and the Canadian Energy-from-
Waste Coalition. The presentations were exiting, offering the
group a grasp of things regarding the momentum district en-
ergy is facing right now in Canada.
The next day the group visited the John St. Pumping Station
part of the Enwave Deep Lake Water Cooling Project. This site
visit was followed by a very interesting and open discussion with
Enwave on the opportunities for future projects and enhanced
cooperation. Enwave is a forerunner in the NA market, and we
highly value their insights and support. The entire afternoon
was spent with roundtable meetings with several departments
from the City of Toronto. The mixture of sharing information,
knowledge and ideas really benefitted to an open and con-
structive forward looking discussion on how Denmark and the
City of Toronto can elevate the cooperation for increasing
the district energy share in Toronto. One of the proposed
decisions was to create a consortium of Danish district
energy solutions companies and City of Toronto-decision
makers to create a benchmark for energy efficient mu-
nicipal development in the Greater Toronto Area. In the evening
H.E. Ambassador Kristensen hosted a well visited reception at
the University Club, Toronto. Approximately 50 specially invited
representatives participated and speeches by the ambassa-
dor and Jan Elleriis, Vice-President of CTR, spurred the topics
for discussions during the networking event. (Please note that
the presentation by Jan Elleriis can be downloaded from our
website, www.dbdh.dk).
Wednesday morning the delegation visited the Region of
Peel, Ontario. Many exciting projects were described and Peel
showed a high interest in enhancing the cooperation with the
Danish manufacturers. The region of Peel will explore the op-
portunities to visit Denmark and get a closer look into the dis-
trict energy systems and operations. After travelling from the
East side to the West side of Canada, the delegation signed in
and joined the Canadian District Energy Associations welcome
reception at the Hyatt Regency hotel in Calgary.
Thursday the delegation followed the official program for the
CDEA Conference. On the sideline many networking meetings
were conducted and the intensity was high.
Exhausted after a very intense week, the group travelled back
to Denmark with many new ideas and new opportunities. DBDH
NA is launched and new export promotion visits to NA will fol-
low. For more information please contact Jes B. Christensen
( jbc@dbdh.dk).
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

DBDH visits Russia
In the second half of April, a group of nine DBDH companies
performed a district heating sector visit to Perm Krai and the
Republic of Udmurtia, situated in the Western Part of the Mid-
dle Urals. The sector visit was headed by the Danish Ambas-
sador Mr. Per Carlsen and arranged in close cooperation with
the Danish Embassy of Moscow and the Consulate General in
St. Petersburg. Senior Policy Advisor Mr. Anders Hasselager
from the Danish Energy Agency headed the DBDH delegation
which was represented by a large group of member companies:
APV, Aalborg Engineering, Broen, Danfoss, Grundfos, Kamstrup,
Logstor, OKR Cleaning & 7-Technologies.
During a two-day event in both Perm and Izhevsk, Danish dis-
trict heating solutions, energy savings and energy efficiency
were on the agenda between Russian and Danish actors in the
sector. The program began on 22 April in Perm, with a Russian-
Danish conference held in the beautiful building of the Admin-
istration of Perm Krai. The conference was officially opened
with notes of welcome by the Governor of Perm Krai, HE Oleg
Analolievich Chirkunov and Ambassador Per Carlsen, followed
by Mr. Anders Hasselager giving the first speech of the semi-
nar, Danish experience in Energy Savings and Energy Efficien-
cy. More than 150 people had registered before the opening
of the conference, and during the day the audience listened
to the presentations from the Danish companies, which could
easily be followed up during networking breaks, which allowed
time for more detailed discussions.
P
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25
President Volkov visits
the stand of Kamstrup
The delegation continued the sector visit for the next two
days in Ishevsk, capital of the Udmurt Republic. The repub-
lic has more than 1.5 million inhabitants of which 70% live in
towns and municipalities. The largest city is Izhevsk, with more
than 600,000 thousand people living here. The event in Izhevsk
was directly coordinated by the Administration of the Udmurt
Republic. The Republic focuses very much on energy saving
technologies, and the President of the Republic, HE Alexander
Volkov, not only took his time to open the conference, he also
personally visited the stands of all the Danish companies, and
had a brief talk with the representatives of the companies.
During the day, the conference was chaired by Mr. Ildar Bik-
bulatov, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the UR. Close
to 200 people were present in the conference hall during the
opening, and the exhibition hall en suite was crowded with peo-
ple discussing energy matters during the lunch break and by
the end of the day when DBDH hosted a farewell reception. In
the evening DBDH hosted a dinner for an exclusive forum of
representatives from Izhevsk and Udmurtia, the Government
of Udmurt Republic being represented by Mr. Pitkevich, Chair-
man of the Government. For more information please contact
Pia Zimmermann (pz@dbdh.dk).
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Minister Oleksiy Y. Kucherenko; and Managing Director of DBDH Jes B. Christensen
DBDH c o - o p e r a t i o n
Ministry of Housing and
Municipal Economy of Ukraine
By Dmytro Donets, MHME of Ukraine
On April 24, in the Ministry of Housing and Municipal Economy
of Ukraine in Kyiv, Minister Oleksiy Y. Kucherenko and Managing
Director of DBDH Jes B. Christensen, with the participation
of Ambassador of Ukraine to the Kingdom of Denmark Natalia
M. Zarudna, signed a Memorandum of Understanding between
the Ministry and DBDH.
The main purpose of this MoU is the confirmation of mutual in-
terest in bilateral cooperation in heat provision and co-gener-
ation spheres, promotion of principles of effective and rational
management system for central heating supply, introduction
of the newest technologies, and improvement of the quality of
communal services delivered to consumers.
Besides this the Ministry and DBDH agreed to consult each
other on matters of mutual interest: DBDH is ready to organ-
ize in Ukraine seminars and workshops on Danish experience in
implementation of complex waste recycling solutions, aqueous
runoff, use of renewable energy resources on local level, etc.
At the meeting Jes Christensen stated that DBDH is a union
of utilities, turnkey suppliers, equipment suppliers and con-
sulting engineers ready to share its experience in introduction
of energy efficient technologies and implement investment
projects in Ukraine and that some municipalities had already
been contacted and preliminary agreements had been made on
district heating network renewal and waste treatment plant
construction. According to Jes B. Christensen DBDH would
very much like to broaden this kind of cooperation and sees
the Memorandum as just another step forward.
Ambassador of Ukraine to the Kingdom of Denmark Natalia M. Zarudna;
DBDH invited a delegation from the Ministry to visit Denmark
and company members interested in investment project im-
plementation.
Today Ukraines potential for energy efficiency and energy
saving is among the highest in the world. That is why energy ef-
ficiency is a top priority for the countrys economy, and logically
creates great possibilities for all players of the energy sector
including DBDH. Im sure that implementation of new technolo-
gies and experience like the Danish will benefit both parties. We
welcome the signing of the MoU, Minister Kucherenko said.
The signing of the Memorandum was preceded by the partici-
pation of DBDH representatives in an international scientific-
practical conference on energy efficiency called Energy effi-
ciency in the housing sector world practices and approaches
to its implementation in Ukraine (held in Kyiv on April 23) and
an introduction and study visit to the Ministry of Housing and
Municipal Economy. Here DBDH was presented, and informa-
tion was exchanged with high-ranking officials and specialists
from the Ministrys departments in charge of state regulation,
reform strategies, heat power engineering (thermal engineer-
ing), energy efficiency, engineer protection of the territories
and international technical assistance coordination and inter-
national relations.
E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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DBDH
welcomes
new
member
It is the mission of Frederiksberg
Forsyning to secure the utility supply of
district heating, water, gas and sewerage
in Frederiksberg a Danish municipality
of 9 km2 with 92,000 inhabitants.

www.dallenergy.com

Frederiksberg Forsyning (FF) has 150

employees developing, maintaining and
renewing the networks of Frederiksberg,
approving customer installations and
controlling meters.

District heating
FFs district heating experience dates
back to 1903, and today 96 % of
Frederiksberg are supplied by district
heating. FF has 3,600 heating customers
and a turnover of 320 mill. DKK (euro kw)
from a sale of 700,000 MWh.

FF supervises the supply of district heat-

ing, water, gas and sewerage 24/7/365
from a control centre shared with CTR,
the central heating transmission com-
pany of Greater Copenhagen.

Know-how and services

FF offers know-how and a number of
services to CTR and other district heat-
ing companies. Other offers are energy
advising and remote controlling of cus-
tomer installations.

Frederiksberg Forsyning is a part of

DONG Energy, the largest Danish energy check our
daily news at
company.

www.dbdh.dk
Frederiksberg Forsyning strives to be
known as economically, environmentally
and socially responsible.

www.frb-forsyning.dk

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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DBDH member company profile
APV
Back in 1996, DBDH featured an article
announcing APVs launch of a completely
new type of plate heat exchanger. Much
has happened since then. Whilst the ba-
sic heat transfer technology principle
remains the same, the product port-
folio has been considerably extended in
both width and depth generating new,
more advanced product types and heat
exchanger variants to meet customer
needs and address new markets and
applications. The result is one of the
strongest product offerings with the
power to perform.
History
APV was founded by D. Richard Seligman
in 1910 as the Aluminium Plant & Vessel
Company Limited, a specialist fabricat-
ing firm supplying welded vessels to
the brewery and vegetable oil trades.
In 1923, Richard Seligman invented the
plate heat exchanger, revolutionising
the methods for the indirect heating
and cooling of fluids. Over the years, the
company has grown via several acquisi-
tions and has thus expanded dramati-
cally. In 2008, APV was acquired by SPX, a
US-based Fortune 500 company, which
offers highly-specialised engineered
solutions. APV is a global company and
several of the heat transfer activities
originated from the Danish Kolding site
where this interview is taking place.
The history of innovation continues
through a strong research and devel-
opment policy. APV pride themselves
on their ability to work in partnership
with customers to identify and provide
equipment specifically tailored to meet
customer needs. The products are pro-
duced in the companys plants around
the world, but they are often assembled
and built locally. Several new products
are in the pipeline and are expected to
be launched within the next couple of
years.
The philosophy of the APV Brand contin-
ues to represent quality, service, value,
and a dedication to understanding true
market requirements.
Products and markets
Today, APV has one of the widest rang-
es of gasketed plate heat exchangers.
The company boasts the smallest plate
(used for district heating units) and one
of the largest plates on the market.
In addition, APVs portfolio of heat ex-
changer solutions includes semi-welded
heat exchangers; fully-welded heat
exchangers; brazed heat exchangers;
district heating units; evaporators; tu-
bular heat exchangers, together with
water desalination units. Several of
the different types of heat exchangers
are used for serving the energy sector,
ranging from very large, high-capacity
heat exchangers for process cooling in
power plants to substation solutions
down to small district heating/cooling
units used in private homes. Following
the successful introduction of district
heating solutions to selected markets,
APV will soon be launching a new series
E N E R G Y
of units that may well change the tra-
ditional technical approach to district
heating/cooling units in the market,
providing customers with great advan-
tages.
The latest extension of the prod-
uct line was targeted at the oil & gas,
petrochemical and power industries
and included the APV Sirius and APV
Zephyr families of heat exchang-
ers for large-scale process or seawa-
ter cooling (for example in large-scale
power plants, oil & gas processing facili-
ties, and petrochemical process plants).
Both APV Sirius and APV Zephyr belong
to the APV XL Series of gasketed plate
heat exchangers, which can be custom-
ized by type and size for any require-
ment meeting the necessary tempera-
tures and pressures in a wide range of
applications for cooling, heating & heat
recovery solutions (i.e. draw as much
energy out of the process as possible).
APV operates globally through its own
sales offices but additionally in many
countries through long-term partner-
ships. APV serves several industries
grouped into four main sectors includ-
ing
Food, dairy & beverage
General Industrial
Energy (including district
cooling and heating)
Marine
A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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According to Area Manager Jakob M. APV XL the power to perform

Nielsen, the heat exchanger business
within APV has experienced significant
growth in recent years and is a very
important business for APV as a whole.
The positive trends are expected to
continue in the years to come. 
Currently, APV sees an interesting mar-
ket for small district heating units in
England, UK. With the global focus on
reducing CO2 emissions, district heat-
ing is a natural choice. APV predicts
the English market is heading towards
central boiler plants for which the com-
pany is already prepared. APV is also
very focused on the Middle East where
they have their own team managing the
interest in heat exchangers for the en-
ergy & industrial sectors.
SPX
From January 1 2008, APV officially be-
came part of the US group SPX. With
the purchase of APV, 17,000 people are
employed within the SPX Corporation.
SPX operates globally and is headquar-
tered in Charlotte, North Carolina.
APV is one of the major suppliers of high-capacity, compact and cost-effective gas-
keted plate heat exchanger solutions. With scalable configurations featuring porthole
sizes of 300, 350, 400 and 500 mm, a range of heat transfer areas up to 3,200 m2
and flow rates up to 4,500 m3/h, the APV XL Series makes configuration of perfect
solutions possible without compromise.
The APV XL Series of high-capacity gasketed plate heat exchangers comprises four
families ranging from Sirius and Zephyr to the more compact P and B heat ex-
changers.
APV Sirius and APV Zephyr offer
superior flow rates and high capacity.
This means that fewer plate heat ex-
changers in parallel are required for the
cooling job, thus providing for reduced
capital investment in the form of lower
foundation and installation costs with
less piping. In the longer term, a smaller
number of units also means lower serv-
ice costs.

SPX has four operating segments, di-

vided as follows:
Flow 33%
Thermal 29%
Industrial 17%
Test: 21% Hybrid heat exchangers
(a welded heat exchanger with a mix of tube and plate technology) have become popu-

APV belongs to the Flow Technology lar for steam condensation and pre-heating of district water heating. This type can

segment where they form approxi- be used for high temperatures, heat recovery and high pressure environments where

mately 40% of the business by sales the gasketed types cannot be applied.

value. Other major brands include

Bran+Luebbe, Waukesha Cherry-Burrell
and Lightnin, as well as several other
market leading brands in the industrial
valve and dehydration markets.

The product line of APV and the qualifi-

cations of SPX complement each other
beautifully, and the future synergies of
the businesses across products and
customers will be significant.

J O U R N A L N 0 . 2 / 2 0 0 8 www.dbdh.dk
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List of members
Aalborg Engineering A/S Phone +45 9631 3950
Supplier of boilers and boiler systems Fax +45 9631 3951 Energi Viborg A/S Phone +45 8929 2929
ae@aalborg-engineering.dk Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 8929 2939
www.aalborg-engineering.com energi@energiviborg.dk
www.energiviborg.dk

ABB A/S Phone +45 4450 4450 Fjernvarme Fyn Phone +45 6547 3000
Monitoring and control for Fax +45 4450 4311 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 6547 3001
district heating networks abb@dk.abb.com kontakt@fjernvarmefyn.dk
www.abb.com www.fjernvarmefyn.dk

Albertslund Fjernvarme Phone +45 4364 8692 Focus Energy A/S Phone +45 9714 2022
District heating company Fax +45 4364 3888 Biomass-based boiler systems Fax +45 9714 2686
michael.poulsen@albertslund.dk post@focusenergy.dk
www.focusenergy.dk

APV Phone +45 7027 8444 Forsyningen Esbjerg Kommune Phone +45 7614 2414
Plate heat exchangers Fax +45 7632 4110 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 7614 2511
per.f.hedegaard@invensys.com forsyningen@esbjergkommune.dk
www.apv.invensys.com www.esbjergkommune.dk

Bredahl ApS Phone +45 7555 1250 Frederiksberg Forsyning Phone +45 3818 5100
Steel compensators Fax +45 7555 4140 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 3818 5199
hensgen@webspeed.dk ff@frb-forsyning.dk
www.frb-forsyning.dk

Broen A/S Phone +45 6471 2095 Grontmij | Carl Bro Phone +45 4348 6060
Ballomax valves Fax +45 6471 2195 Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4348 6660
broen@broen.dk cbg@carlbro.dk
www.broen.com www.carlbro.com

Brunata A/S Phone +45 7777 7000 Grundfos A/S Phone +45 8750 1400
Heat cost allocators, heat meters, Fax +45 7777 7001 Submersible pumps, centrifugal Fax +45 8750 1490
water meters and heat and water brunata@brunata.dk pumps and circulators tkynden@grundfos.com
accounting service www.brunata.com www.grundfos.com

BWSC Phone +45 4814 0022 Houe & Olsen A/S Phone +45 9619 5300
Heat & power plant developer, turnkey Fax +45 4814 0150 Consulting engineers specialising in Fax +45 9619 5311
and operation contractor sales@bwsc.dk geothermal energy ho@houe-olsen.dk
www.bwsc.dk www.houe-olsen.dk

Cowi Phone +45 4597 2211 Huhnseal ApS Phone +45 4390 4720
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4597 2212 Mechanical seals Fax +45 4390 4775
cowi@cowi.dk huhnseal@huhnseal.dk
www.cowi.dk www.huhnseal.dk

CTR Phone +45 3818 5777 Hydro-X A/S Phone +45 9828 2111
Metropolitan Copenhagen Fax +45 3818 5799 Boiler water treatment Fax +45 9828 3021
Heating Transmission Company ctr@ctr.dk info@hydro-x.dk
www.ctr.dk www.hydro-x.dk

Dall Energy Phone +45 2987 2222 Kamstrup A/S Phone +45 8993 1000
New Biomass Technologies info@dallenergy.com Supplier of energy meters & automatic Fax +45 8993 1001
www.dallenergy.com meter reading systems for heat, cooling, energi@kamstrup.dk
water and gas www.kamstrup.com

Danfoss A/S Phone +45 7488 2222 Korsr Forsyning A/S Phone +45 5836 2500
Heating controls, metering Fax +45 7449 0949 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 5836 2501
and pump speed control danfoss@danfoss.com info@korsoerforsyning.dk
www.danfoss.com www.korsoerforsyning.dk

DONG Energy Phone +45 7622 2301 Kbenhavns Energi Phone +45 2795 2750
Fax +45 7622 1980 Copenhagen Energy Fax +45 2795 2012
market@dongenergy.dk ke@ke.dk
www.dongenergy.dk www.ke.dk

DTI Phone +45 7220 2000 Logstor A/S Phone +45 9966 1000
info@teknologisk.dk Preinsulated transmission Fax +45 9966 1180
www.teknologisk.dk and distribution pipes logstor@logstor.com
www.logstor.com

Energi Randers Phone +45 8911 4811 OKR Cleaning ApS Phone +45 8692 4422
Energy company producing and selling Fax +45 8911 4800 Boiler cleaning Fax +45 8692 2919
heat and power energiranders@energiranders.dk okr@email.dk
www.energiranders.dk www.okrcleaning.dk

E N E R G Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N T
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Rambll Phone +45 4598 6000 VEKS Phone +45 4366 0366
Consulting engineers and planners Fax +45 4598 6700 West Copenhagen Heating Fax +45 4366 0369
ramboll@ramboll.dk Transmission Company veks@veks.dk
www.ramboll.dk www.veks.dk

7-Technologies A/S Phone +45 45 900 700 Vestforbrnding Phone +45 4485 7000
Quality software for profitable Fax +45 4590 0701 Power and heat supply based on Fax +45 4485 7001
operation of industriel plants sales@7t.dk waste incineration vestfor@vestfor.dk
and utilities www.7t.dk www.vestfor.dk

Siemens Flow Instruments A/S Phone +45 7488 5252 Vestforsyning A/S Phone +45 9612 7319
Flow measurement Fax +45 7488 5250 Municipal district heating supply Fax +45 9612 7301
bent.vestergaard@siemens.com ss@vestforsyning.dk
www.siemens.com/flow www.vestforsyning.dk

TVIS Phone +45 7594 0711 DBDH Phone +45 4355 0888
Heat transmission company tvis@tvis.net Secretariat Fax +45 4355 0889
of Denmarks triangle area. www.tvis.net dbdh@dbdh.dk
www.dbdh.dk

download articles from Hot|cool on: www.dbdh.dk

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 When I grow up I want to be ...

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