MINISTRYOFEUROPEANFUNDS

ROMANIAN
PARTNERSHIPAGREEMENT
FORTHE
20142020PROGRAMMINGPERIOD


OfficialVersion










March2014


TABLEOFCONTENTS

1. ARRANGEMENTS TO ENSURE ALIGNMENT WITH THE UNION STRATEGY OF SMART,

SUSTAINABLE AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH AS WELL AS THE FUND SPECIFIC MISSIONS
PURSUANT TO THEIR TREATY-BASED OBJECTIVES, INCLUDING ECONOMIC, SOCIAL
AND TERRITORIAL COHESION (ARTICLE 14(1) (A) CPR) .........................................................5
1.1 ANALYSIS OF DISPARITIES, DEVELOPMENT NEEDS AND GROWTH POTENTIALS.........12
1.1.1 ANALYSIS OF DISPARITIES AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN DEVELOPMENT
NEEDS .................................................................................................................................................12
1.2 SUMMARY OF THE EX-ANTE EVALUATIONS OF THE PROGRAMMES OR KEY FINDINGS
OF THE EX-ANTE EVALUATIONS OF THE PA ...........................................................................81
1.3 SELECTED THEMATIC OBJECTIVES, AND FOR EACH OF THE SELECTED THEMATIC
OBJECTIVES A SUMMARY OF THE MAIN RESULTS EXPECTED FOR EACH OF THE ESI
FUNDS.................................................................................................................................................82
1.4 THE INDICATIVE ALLOCATION OF SUPPORT BY THE UNION BY THEMATIC OBJECTIVE
AT NATIONAL LEVEL FOR EACH OF THE ESI FUNDS, AS WELL AS THE TOTAL
INDICATIVE AMOUNT OF SUPPORT FORESEEN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE OBJECTIVES
............................................................................................................................................................102
1.5 THE APPLICATION OF HORIZONTAL PRINCIPLES AND POLICY OBJECTIVES FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ESI FUNDS ....................................................................................103
1.5.1 ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PARTNERSHIP PRINCIPLE.........................................................103
1.5.2 PROMOTION OF EQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN, NON-DISCRIMINATION AND
ACCESSIBILITY (WITH REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 7 OF CPR) ..............................................107
1.5.3 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (WITH REFERENCE TO ARTICLE 8 OF CPR) ..................108
1.5.4 HORIZONTAL POLICY OBJECTIVES...........................................................................................113
1.6 THE LIST OF THE PROGRAMMES UNDER THE ERDF, THE ESF, THE COHESION FUND,
EXCEPT THOSE UNDER THE EUROPEAN TERRITORIAL COOPERATION GOAL, AND OF
THE PROGRAMMES OF THE EAFRD AND THE EMFF, WITH THE RESPECTIVE
INDICATIVE ALLOCATIONS BY ESI FUND AND BY YEAR ..................................................113
1.7 REQUEST FOR TRANSFER OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS ALLOCATIONS BETWEEN
CATEGORIES OF REGIONS, WHERE APPLICABLE (ARTICLE 93 OF THE CPR) ................113
1.8 TRANSFER FROM THE EUROPEAN TERRITORIAL COOPERATION GOAL TO THE
INVESTMENT FOR GROWTH AND JOBS GOAL WHERE APPLICABLE (ARTICLE 85A OF
THE CPR) ..........................................................................................................................................114
1.9 REQUEST FOR A TRANSFER OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE EUROPEAN
COMMISSION, WHERE APPLICABLE (ARTICLE 22 BIS OF THE CPR).................................114
1.10 INFORMATION ON THE ALLOCATION RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE RESERVE,
BROKEN DOWN BY ESI FUND AND, WHERE APPROPRIATE BY CATEGORY OF REGION,
AND ON THE AMOUNTS EXCLUDED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CALCULATING THE
PERFORMANCE RESERVE (ARTICLE 14 (1) (A) (VII) OF THE CPR) .....................................114
2. ARRANGEMENTS TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION ARTICLE 14(1) (B) CPR115
2.1 ARRANGEMENTS FOR COORDINATING EU AND NATIONAL FUNDING INSTRUMENTS
............................................................................................................................................................115
2.2 EX-ANTE VERIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE RULES ON ADDITIONALITY...123

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2.3 SUMMARY OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE FULFILMENT OF APPLICABLE EX-ANTE
CONDITIONALITIES.......................................................................................................................123
2.4 THE METHODOLOGY AND MECHANISM TO ENSURE CONSISTENCY IN THE
FUNCTIONING OF THE PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK IN ACCORDANCE WITH
ARTICLE 20 OF THE CPR...............................................................................................................124
2.5 MEASURES TO REINFORCE ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY .................................................125
2.6 ACTIONS PLANNED IN THE PROGRAMMES TO ACHIEVE A REDUCTION IN THE
ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN FOR BENEFICIARIES.................................................................129
3. INTEGRATED APPROACH TO TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPORTED BY THE ESI
FUNDS OR A SUMMARY OF THE INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO TERRITORIAL
DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE CONTENT OF THE PROGRAMMES (ARTICLE 14(2) (A)
CPR) ...................................................................................................................................................131
3.1 THE ARRANGEMENTS TO ENSURE AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR THE TERRITORIAL
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC SUB-REGIONAL AREAS .........................................................132
3.1.1 COMMUNITY-LED LOCAL DEVELOPMENT / LEADER LOCAL DEVELOPMENT .............132
3.1.2 INTEGRATED TERRITORIAL INVESTMENT.............................................................................134
3.1.3 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................135
3.1.4 TERRITORIAL COOPERATION.....................................................................................................136
3.1.5 THE INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ADDRESS THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF GEOGRAPHICAL
AREAS MOST AFFECTED BY POVERTY OR OF TARGET GROUPS AT HIGHEST RISK OF
DISCRIMINATION OR SOCIAL EXCLUSION, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO
MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES, PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, LONG TERM
UNEMPLOYED AND YOUNG PEOPLE NOT IN EMPLOYMENT OR TRAINING .................138
4. ARRANGEMENTS TO ENSURE EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARTNERSHIP
AGREEMENT AND PROGRAMMES (ARTICLE 14(2) (B) CPR) ...............................................141
4.1 ASSESSMENT OF THE EXISTING SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE AND
SUMMARY OF THE ACTIONS PLANNED TO GRADUALLY PERMIT ALL EXCHANGES OF
INFORMATION BETWEEN BENEFICIARIES AND AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR
MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF PROGRAMMES TO BE CARRIED OUT BY
ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE................................................................................................141
ANNEXES...................................................................................................................................................146

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LISTOFABBREVIATIONS
ACOP AdministrativeCapacityOperationalProgramme
APIA AgencyforPaymentsandInterventioninAgriculture
AWU AnnualWorkUnit
BO BalanceofPayments
CAP CommonAgriculturalPolicy
CF CohesionFund
COMPOP CompetitivenessOperationalProgramme
CPR CommonProvisionRegulations
CSF CommonStrategicFramework
DIPFI DepartmentofInfrastructureProjectsandForeignInvestments
EAFRD EuropeanAgriculturalFundforRuralDevelopment
EC EuropeanCommission
EIF EuropeanInvestmentsFund
EMFF EuropeanMaritimeandFisheriesFund
ERDF EuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFund
ESF EuropeanSocialFund
ESIFunds EuropeanStructuralandInvestmentFunds
ETC EuropeanTerritorialCooperation
EU2020 Europa2020Strategy
EU27 EUofthe27MemberStates
FEAD FundforEuropeanAidtotheMostDeprived
FDI ForeignDirectInvestments
GDP GrossDomesticProduct
GHE Greenhousegasemissions
GVA GrossValueAdded
HCOP HumanCapitalOperationalProgramme
IB IntermediateBody
ICT InformationandCommunicationTechnologies
ILO InternationalLabourOrganization
IMF InternationalMonetaryFund
ITI IntegratedTerritorialInterventions
LAN LocalAreaNetwork
LPA LocalPublicAdministration
LIOP LargeInfrastructureOperationalProgramme
MA ManagingAuthority
MARD MinistryofAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment
MC MonitoringCommittee
ME MinistryofEconomy
MECC MinistryofEnvironmentandClimateChange
MEF MinistryofEuropeanFunds
MH MinistryofHealth
MLFSPE MinistryofLabour,Family,SocialProtectionandElderly
MNE MinistryofNationalEducation
MRDPA MinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandPublicAdministration
MSI MinistryforInformationalSociety
MT MinistryofTransport
NAE NationalAgencyforEmployment
NARMPP NationalAuthorityforRegulatingandMonitoringPublicProcurement
NGO NonGovernmentalOrganization
NIS NationalInstituteofStatistic
NRDP NationalRuralDevelopmentProgramme
NRP NationalReformProgramme
OECD OrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment

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OP OperationalProgramme
OPFMA OperationalProgrammeforFisheriesandMaritimeAffairs
PA PartnershipAgreement
PARDF PaymentsAgencyforRuralDevelopmentandFisheries
PES PublicEmploymentService
RDA RegionalDevelopmentAgencies
RDI Research,DevelopmentandInnovation
RES RenewableEnergySources
ROP RegionalOperationalProgramme
SCF StructuralandCohesionFunds
SEA StrategicEnvironmentalAssessment
SME SmallandMediumEnterprises
SMIS SingleManagementInformationSystem
SO StrategicObjective
TAOP TechnicalAssistanceOperationalProgramme
TENT TransEuropeanTransportNetwork
TO ThematicObjectives
UAA UtilisedAgriculturalArea
VET VocationalEducationandTraining

1.ARRANGEMENTSTOENSUREALIGNMENTWITHTHEUNIONSTRATEGYOFSMART,SUSTAINABLE
ANDINCLUSIVEGROWTHASWELLASTHEFUNDSPECIFICMISSIONSPURSUANTTOTHEIRTREATY

5
BASEDOBJECTIVES,INCLUDINGECONOMIC,SOCIALANDTERRITORIALCOHESION(ARTICLE14(1)(A)
CPR)

OVERVIEW
During the period 20012008 the Romanian economy expanded by an average of 6.3 percent per year,
representingoneofthefastestgrowthratesintheEuropeanUnion.

During 20092012, the GDP of Romania

had an oscillating trend. After a +7.2%
average annual growth in 20062008, a
sharp contraction of 6.6% was
experienced in 2009, due to the
economicdownturn.Growthreturnedin
2011 (+2.3%) but slowed 2012 (+0.6%),
duetothecombinedimpactsofasevere
summer drought affecting agricultural
outputandtheEurozonecrisis.



1
In 2013, Romania's GDP grew by 3.5% over the previous year. The year 2013 is the third consecutive year of
growthand3.5%growthratein2013isthehighestraterecordedbyRomanianeconomyinthelastfiveyears.Note
thattheincreaseof3.5%ofGDPin2013,placesRomaniaonfirstplacebetweenEUmemberstates,theEUaverage
being1.0%.
Nevertheless, Romania is still lagging significantly behind the majority of European countries in terms of
economicdevelopment.GDPpercapitarecordedinpurchasingpowerstandard(PPS)wasjusthalfoftheEU27
averagein2012andonlyaround70%oftheaverageGDPpercapitaofthenewEUMemberStates.
Macroeconomicpolicy
TheStability,CoordinationandGovernanceTreatywithintheeconomicandmonetaryunionwassignedonMarch
2,2012,bytheheadsofstatesorgovernmentsinallEUMemberStates,exceptfortheUnitedKingdomandthe
CzechRepublic.ThepurposeofthistreatyistomaintainstabilityintheEurozone.
RomanianegotiatedwiththeECandtheIMFaprecautionaryeconomicadjustmentprogrammein2011.Afterthe
successful completion of the programme in June 2013, in July 2013 Romania requested a new precautionary
financialassistancefromEUandIMF.ThejointmissionfromEC,IMFandWBduringJuly1731,2013reachedan
agreement at staff level on the economic programme that could be supported by a 24month StandBy
Arrangement with the IMF for an amount of 1751.34bn SDR (approx. 2bn EUR) and Balance of Payments (BoP)
assistancefromtheEUinanamountof2bnEUR.Themainobjectivesoftheprogrammearesafeguardingsound
public finances, continuing monetary and financial sector policies that preserve buffers and increase resilience
against external shocks, and reducing bottlenecks to growth through structural reforms. The programme was
presentedtotheIMFBoardinSeptember2013andtoEUEFCandECOFINinOctober2013.
InlinewiththeEurope2020StrategyandthePreventiveAgreementwithEUandIMF,themediumtermeconomic
strategyoftheRomanianGovernmentisorientedtowardsthepromotionofgrowthandjobs,consolidationofthe
public finances and of the financial stability. In this respect, the Government of Romania adopted a 20142016
FiscalBudgetary Strategy aimed at meeting 7 objectives in terms of economic development, fiscal consolidation,
budgetary discipline, efficiency of budgetary allocation, the national budgetary frameworks, transparency in the
useofpublicfundsandmanagementofpublicdebt.
Macroeconomicperspective

For2013,theRomanianGovernment,theIMFandtheEChavepredicteda2.2%growthaftertheinitialtargetused
intheconstructionbudgetfor2013,whichwassetat1.6%.The3.5%increase(bytheNationalInstituteofStatistics),
exceeded the most optimistic forecasts. The Government and International Financial Institutions anticipate an

1 th,
NationalInstituteofStatisticsPublicationFebruary14 2014

6
increase of 2.12.2% of GDP in 2014. Moreover, according to the Winter Forecast of the National Commission for
Prognosisitisexpecteda2.3%GDPgrowthin2014.
AccordingtotheNationalBankofRomania(NBR),in2013,thecurrentaccountofbalanceofpaymentsrecordeda
deficitofEUR1,505million,comparedwithadeficitofEUR5,843millionin2012,duetolowertradedeficit(with
3,956 million), the increase in the surplus of the services balance recorded (with EUR 1,458 million) and current
transfers (with 287 million euros). Romania's external debt at the end of 2013 amounts, according to the Central
Bank,EUR96,4billion,ofwhich77,0billionmediumandlongtermdebt(down2.3%fromend2012)andEUR19,5
billionshorttermdebt(down6.8%from31.12.2012).
Inflation as expressed by the Consumer Price Index in December 2013 compared to December 2012 was 1.55%,
accordingtotheNationalStatisticsInstitute,fallingwithinthetargetsetbytheCentralBankin2012,at2.5%.Same
source, released on 12 February, announcing that the inflation rate in January 2014 compared to January 2014 is
1.06%..
Employment,accordingtonationalaccounts,willincreasein20142017atanannualaveragerateof0.9%,andthe
numberofemployeesaugmentedby1.1%.LabourproductivitywillimproveduetoamorerapidincreaseofGDP
relative to the increase in employment. The unemployment rate was estimated at 7.1% in December 2013,
decreasedby0.2%fromthepreviousmonthand0.4%aboveitslevelinDecember2012.
MacroeconomicprojectionsforRomania
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
PercentageChanges%
RealGDP 3.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.3
Privateconsumptionexpenditures 0.7 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.6
Publicconsumptionexpenditures 4.1 1.8 1.5 2.4 1.8
GrossFixedCapitalFormation 5.7 4.0 5.3 7.4 7.5
Exportsofgoodsandservices 10.0 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.4
Importsofgoodsandservices 1.0 6.6 7.3 7.5 7.7
Source:WinterForecastoftheNationalCommissionforPrognosis

Territoriality
Romania's is endowed with a distinctive geography and many of the country's development challenges and
opportunities have a profound spatial character. Only one of Romania's eight regions is highly developed and
dynamic.Withsomevariation,theremainingsevenregionshavelargerruralpopulationsandagriculturallybased
activities,lackmodernisationandfullyfunctioningmarkets.Socialandeconomicinclusionvariesacrossspace,with
ruralareassignificantlydisadvantagedintheiraccesstoopportunitiesandtopublicservices.
Geographical position and features influence development pattern and opportunities. Of the less developed
regions, the North and North West benefit from their relative proximity to more developed Member States; the
mountainsandforestsoftheCentral Regioncreatedistinctive developmentopportunitiesandconstraints;some
regions are relatively more affected by physical isolation and peripherally, the North East confined by the
Carpathians,theSouthEastbythelineoftheDanube;thewetlandsoftheDanubeDelta supportonlyanarrow
economyandasparsepopulation.Whereastheseareaswerethemostaffectedbythestructuralchangesandhit
by the crisis, mainly characterised by low levels of GDP per capita, reduced share in the national GDP,
unemployment,limitedtransportinfrastructure,relativelackofopportunities,requiresaterritorialorientationto
adressbothplacebasedissuesandpeoplebasedchallenges.ThepolycentricstructureofRomania,withtheeven
distribution of urban agglomerations, is an obvious asset. The role of urban areas in generating and supporting
economic growth has been recognised in the "growth pole" designation of key cities. Although the 20072013
Regional Operational Programme provided for an integrated approach to urban development in these locations,
the extent of integration in practice was limited. Moreover, investments supported were not always consistent
with the agreed integrated development plans. A key lesson, therefore, is to make future investment support
conditional upon an integrated approach and consistency with the functional specialisation of urban areas2. Co
operationbetweentheurbanandperiurbanareaswaslimitedandonlypartialinsomeinstancesduetopolitical
differencesbetweentheurbancentreandtheadjacentadministrativeareas.
TheLEADERapproachtoruraldevelopmentwasinitiallyslowtogaintractionacrossRomania,reflectingalackof
localcapacityandthelegacyofaculturewhichdidnotencourageinitiativeonthepartofcommunitiesnorpublic
privatepartnership.Thelocaldevelopmentofruralareaswillexploitthecapacitybuiltinlocalactiongroupsduring
200713 and the opportunity to apply a similar approach (CLLD) will be extended to targeted secondary urban
areas.

2
Consultation:MinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandTourism,TerritorialUnit.

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GiventhegeographicpositionofthecountrythesynergiesbetweentheEUSDRandtheIntegratedMaritimePolicy
fortheBlackSea(BlueGrowthStrategy)shouldbebetterexploited;thelargevarietyofeconomicandenvironment
activitiestakingplaceintheDanubeDeltaandtheadjacentcoastalareasoftheRomanianBlackSeacoastshould
be better addressed in a more integrated manner seeking complementarities and cooperation mechanism
betweenbothstrategies.
In the context of the two policies, based on the Study to support the development of sea basin cooperation
RomaniaCountryFiche,August2013,whichidentified6ofthemostrelevantandpromisingmarineandmaritime
economic activities, ESI Funds will support three of them, correlated with the Competitiveness Strategy, inland
waterwaytransport,shortseashippingandcostaltourism.Inlandwaterwaytransportisoneofthecheapestways
totransportgoodsanditisfavouredinRomaniabytheDanubeandthetwowaterwaysbetweentheDanubeand
theBlackSea,theshortseashippingisoneofthemostimportantactivitiesoftheNUTS2coastalregionbeingnow
poweredbytherecentdiscoveryofnewgasfieldsintheBlackSeawhichcanstandasapromiseforemployment
increaseintheareaandthecoastaltourismhasthesecondlargestGVAcontributioninthearea,employmentin
thecoastalzonebeingofamajorimportance.
Theprogrammingproposalssetoutbelowhavebeendevelopedtakingintoaccountthedistinctivespatialpattern
of needs and opportunities. A combination of steering from National strategies and masterplans, Regional
Development Plans, selection criteria and the use of territorial development instruments will ensure that
implementationoftheESIFundsisnotspatiallyblind.
Challengesfornationalgrowth
Romaniacontinuestofacetremendousdevelopmentchallenges.Thefollowingchallengesfornationalgrowthhave
been identified, needing strategic investments to remove obstacles to development and to unlock the country's
economicpotential:
Thecompetitivenessandlocaldevelopmentchallenge
The overall level of economic activity in Romania is still very low. Examination of sectorial scale, structure and
performancemakesclearthechallengeforcompetitivenessinRomania:
thepresentdependenceforemploymentuponverylowvalueaddingsemisubsistencebasedagriculture
in absence of other economic alternatives, with a very high share of small farms (almost 93% of total
farms)withlowmarketorientation,lowlevelofproductivityandtechnicalendowment;
thecharacterofenterprisecultureasreflectedbytherelativelylowbusinessdensityinallregionsexcept
BucharestIlfovanditsskewednesstowardslowvalueaddingactivity;
internationallyuncompetitivelevelsofproductivityinmanyareasofindustry;
thepresentunderrepresentationofhighervalueaddingserviceswithintheeconomy;
fragmentation, excessive standardization, inefficient use of resources in Romanian R&D and academic
environmentsandtheabsenceofstrategyfordevelopingresearchintensiveinstitutions.
Thepeopleandsocietychallenge
Romania is subject to great disparities in wealth, opportunity, education, skills, health and in many areas these
have intensified in the past decade. There is a profound territorial character to disparities, with pronounced
variations between regions, counties and between urban and rural areas which requires tailored and strategic
interventionsinordertofightagainstpoverty,socialexclusion,improvingaccesstoeducation.
In terms of employment, in 2012 the employment rate of the working age population (1564 years) was 59.5%,
withhighervaluesformen(66.5%versus52.6%forwomen)andforpeopleinruralareas3(60.7%versus58.7%in
urbanareas)4.Moreover,thediscrepancybetweenRomaniaandEUaverageconcerningtheemploymentratewas
5.7atthelevelof2012.
Romaniastillfacesimportantchallengesintermsofpovertyandsocialexclusion,affectingmostlylessdeveloped
regions,duetolowlevelofeconomicactivity,thehighdependenceuponlowproductivityagriculture,fisheriesand
related activities, unsustainability of past models for regional diversification, leading to deindustrialisation and
migration. This will require a higher involvement of the local authorities in addressing these challenges, which
should be correlated with an appropriate investment in building their administrative capacity in applying the
appropriatesolutions.Thepotentialofthecommunitybasedservicesandofthesocialeconomymodelsintackling
these issues should be better valorised. In addition, the experience from 20072013 programming period

3
Theruralareaisdefinedasthetotalityofcommunesasterritorialadministrativeunits.Acommuneisthelowestterritorialadministrativeunitintermsof
areaandcomprisesvillageswhichareNUTS5level.Fromanadministrativepointofview,theRomanianruralareacomprises2861communes.Thenational
legislationfordefiningruralareaareLaw350/2001regardingterritorialplanningandurbanismandLawno.351/2001regardingtheapprovalofthePlanfor
theNationalTerritorialPlanning.Therefore,regardingtheNRDP,theruralareaisrepresentedbytherurallocalitiesascommunescomponentvillages,.
4
http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/com_anuale/ocupsomaj/somaj_2012r.pdf

8
underlinedtheneedofusinganintegratedapproachindealingwithsocialinclusionissuesbyfacilitatingtheaccess
toeducation,employment,health,housingandsocialservicesforthosebelongingtodisadvantagesgroups.
Therearegreatchallengesinrestoringtheperformanceoftheeducationsystemand,inthecontextofadepressed
demand for labour in making education attractive and seen to pay. Apart from creating a modern and well
equipped educational infrastructure, there are challenges to overcome in extending access to early education,
combating early school leaving, increasing the relevance of education and training to the needs of the labour
marketandopeningaccesstotertiaryeducationandtolifelonglearning.
Theinfrastructurechallenge
Romaniaishamperedinpursuinggrowthbyunderdevelopedandoutdatedinfrastructure.AlthoughRomaniasits
onimportantroutesconnectingCentralEuropewiththeBlackSeaandtheCaucasus,itstransportinfrastructureis
underdevelopedrelativetothevolumeofgoodsandpassengersthattransitRomanianterritory,andaccessibility
remainsamajorbarriertoregionalgrowth.Connectivityviaalltransportmodesissuboptimalduetothebacklogof
investments, as well as administrative deficiencies in the maintenance and operation of the infrastructure. As
regardsICTinfrastructure,basicbroadbandshouldbeuniversallyavailableby2015asaresultofexistinginitiatives,
althoughtakeupremainslow.However,RomaniafacesparticularchallengesinextendingNewGenerationAccess
inruralareaswhere,intheabsenceofpublicintervention,itisestimatedthatby2020lessthan50%ofhouseholds
willbecoveredwithspeedsover30Mbps.
Theresourceschallenge
Romaniaiswellendowedwithenergyresources,asignificantproportionofwhichisfromrenewablesourcesand
haspotentialforfurtherextension.Ithasamuchlowerrelianceonimportedenergy(21.7%in2010)thaninthe
EU27 (52.7%). The efficiency of Romania's electricity generation, transmission and distribution systems (from
renewablesourcessuchaswind,solarandontheotherhandnuclearandgasturbines)isclosetotheEUaverage.
Theefficiencyinenergyuseispoor,notablyasaresultofbadlyinsulatedresidentialandpublicbuildingscombined
withinefficiencyinthedistrictheatingtransmissionanddistributionsystems.
Romania is confronted with a range of natural and manmade environmental risks which pose a threat to
Romania'scitizens,itsinfrastructureanditsnaturalresources.Risksarisingfromorexacerbatedbyclimatechange
havehadamajorimpactoverthepastdecade;recurrentfloods,forestfiresanddrought,havecausedextensive
loss and damage across the country. In some situations, the national response capacity was exceeded by their
severity.
The extension and modernization of the water and wastewater infrastructure continue to be one of the most
importantprioritiesinimprovingRomanianlivingstandards,especiallyinruralareas.Wastemanagementisstillfar
short of European standards with low levels of reuse, recycling and energy recovery. Romania has as transition
perioduntil2017tophaseoutnoncompliantlandfills.
Romania is well endowed with natural assets, which if sustainably managed, can offer important development
potential but environmental quality and biodiversity remain under pressure from both natural process and
economicactivity.Thereisaneedtoenhanceenvironmentalprotectionandtoshifttomoresustainablepractices
in areas where in agriculture production is intensifying and in construction, extractive industries and in business
generally.
Theadministrationandgovernmentchallenge
Romania is still characterized by weak administrative capacity of public institutions and a predisposition towards
bureaucracy and disproportionate regulation that seriously influence the competitiveness of Romania's business
environment. Despite efforts to implement a robust policy process in Romania, reforms are urgently needed to
improvethequalityofpublicadministration.Romaniahastakennumerousstepstocreateastrong,independentand
well respected justice system. While progress has been made in many areas, it still remains a need for further
capacitybuilding,reformandmodernization.
The absence of an effective system of cadastre represents a significant obstacle to the development and
implementationofinfrastructure,propertydevelopmentandconsolidationofagriculturalland.
GlobalobjectiveandstrategiccontributionoftheEuropeanStructuralandInvestmentFunds
Taking into account the macroeconomic situation and policies, together with the highlighted bottlenecks to
national growth, the Government of Romania has established the funding priorities for the use of European
StructuralandInvestmentFundsinthe20142020PAwiththeglobalobjectivetoreducetheeconomicandsocial
developmentdisparitiesbetweenRomaniaandtheEUMemberStates.

9
By using a macroeconomic model called RGREM, it was examined the potential of the Romanian economy to
respond to the European funds injection during the period 20142020, the impact on GDP trends being
emphasized.
The prospective effects that may be generated by ESI Funds on the GDP growth are related to the amounts
planned to be spent under three categories of policy interventions: support for infrastructure, human capital
developmentandpromotingprivateinvestmentsininnovation.Theanalysiswascarriedoutintermsofcomparing
the without EU funds baseline scenario relative to with EU funds scenario, undertaking a sensitivity analysis
basedondifferentratesofabsorption.
Inarealisticscenariothetotalamountspentrepresents40%oftheEUallocationandtheannualrateofGDPhas
an increasing trend, while the growth dynamic remains virtually unchanged compared to the baseline, reaching
4.15%,almostdoublethegrowthratevalueestimatedforthebeginningoftheprogrammingperiod.
In the second alternative scenario (optimistic) the absorption capacity is improved, the expenditure rate being
80% of allocated resources and leads to a considerable increase in the rate of economic growth. Thus, the
estimatedrealGDPin2020is15.1%higherthaninthebaselinescenariowithoutEUfunds.
TherewereperformedaseriesofscenariosusingHEROMmodelinordertoillustratetheimpactofEUfundsfor
theprogrammingperiod20142020upontheRomanianeconomyintermsofcombiningthevolumeofallocations
betweensectors.
InordertoachievethesimulationoftheimpactofEUfundsontheRomanianeconomywerebuiltfouralternative
scenarios where the total allocation (without EAFRD allocation) amounted to 22.54 billion was distributed
differently on the three major components that are key input variables in HEROM model: (1) infrastructure, (2)
directsupportand(3)humanresources.Itaims,ontheonehand,toillustrateandquantifythepositiveeffectsof
structuralinterventionintheeconomy(eg.additionalgrowth,jobsandadditionalincome,etc.)andtoanswerthe
questionwhethertheseallocationsareoptimal.
Therewerefourscenariosdesignedforallocatingfundsasfollows:
Scenario1 Scenario2 Scenario3 Scenario4
bd.euro % bd.euro % bd.euro % bd.euro %
(1)Largeinfrastructure,Regional,Territorial
cooperation 16.54 73.4 11.27 50.0 5.1 22.6 9.20 40.8
(2)Competitiveness,Technicalassistance 1.67 7.4 1.67 7.4 1.7 7.4 9.02 40.0
(3)Humancapital,Administrativecapacity,YEI 4.33 19.2 9.60 42.6 15.8 70.0 4.32 19.2
Total 22.54 100 22.54 100 22.54 100 22.54 100
Source:theNationalCommissionforPrognosis

EstimatedimpactbyHEROMwasachievedagainstabaselinescenario(withoutfunding)builttakingintoaccount
theprognosisandotherNCPestimatesconsideredassumptions(parameters,coefficients)for20142020.
Allthreetypesoffundingareneutralintermsofthedeficit,EUfundsareaccountedasexpensesandasrevenueas
well, recording an increase in both revenue and expenditure and the difference remains the same, however, in
reality,EUfundsrequiresaninternalcontribution.
SimulationsofthesefundsshowsafurthercumulativeincreaseofGDPoverthe20142020periodcomparedtothe
baselinescenariobetween10.9and15.1percentagepointsthroughouttheperiod,scenario1,characterizedbya
predominantallocationininfrastructure,beingthemosteffective.
Realcumulativeimpactin20142020comparedtoascenariowithoutfunds
%
Scenario1 Scenario2 Scenario3 Scenario4
GDP 15.1 14.4 13.6 10.9
Totalinvestments 24.7 22.5 19.8 20.9
Importsofgoodsandservices 27.9 25.9 23.7 18.9
Exportsofgoodsandservices 11.8 10.8 9.6 7.8
Totalemployment 5.3 4.9 4.3 3.5
Unemploymentrate% 4.4 4.0 3.6 2.9
Budgetdeficit% 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.0
Labourproductivity 6.0 5.7 5.3 4.0
Source:theNationalCommissionforPrognosis
Inthelightofefficiency(macroeconomicimpact/injectionoffunds),Scenario1isthescenariostilldesirableand
willbeconsideredanalternativetothescenariowithoutEUfunds(scenario),thepositiveeffectsareasshownin
thetableabove.

10
If we consider the current level of Romanias GDP to the EU27 by 49% and forecasts obtained it shows that in
2020,theRomanianeconomywillbeatalevelof60%oftheaverageEU27usingscenariowithoutfunds,whilein
scenario1,willreachabout6570%oftheaverage.
In accordance with the specific intervention through structural instruments HEROM revealed that investments
enjoysconsiderableadditionalintakein20142020:from24.7percentagepointsinScenario1to20.9percentage
pointsinScenario4inadditiontothedynamicsscenarioinwhichtherewouldbenostructuralandcohesionfunds.
The investment process has maximum intensity in scenario 1 where most of the funds are directed to
infrastructure.
Favourabledevelopmentofeconomicactivitywillbereflectedonthelabourmarketsothatonaverage7yearsof
theforecastperiodwillbeabout338,000morejobsinScenario1,comparedtothebaselinescenario.Ontheother
hand,theunemployment ratein2020 willbeabout4.4percentagepointslowerthanthelevelthatwouldhave
beenthescenariowithoutfunds.Thepositiveeffectsoffundingoneconomicactivityanddomesticdemandwillbe
reflected in the budget, where budget revenue will increase more than costs, leading to shortages becoming
smallerandattheendoftheperiodevenpassingonsurplusinscenario1since2018.
InordertoachievetheeconomicgrowthaspirationsreflectedintheglobalobjectiveofthisPA,Romaniawillhaveamodern
andcompetitiveeconomybytacklingthefollowingfivedevelopmentchallenges:
I. Thecompetitivenessandlocaldevelopmentchallenge
II. Thepeopleandsocietychallenge
III. Theinfrastructurechallenge
IV. Theresourceschallenge
V. Theadministrationandgovernmentchallenge
ActionunderthefivedevelopmentchallengeswillcontributetowardsRomania'sEurope2020targetsasfollows:
Developmentchallenges
NationalEU2020targets Currentsituation
I II III IV V
70%ofthepopulationaged2064tobeemployed 63.8%(2012) * * *
2%ofGDPtobeinvestedinR&D 0.49%(2012) * * * *
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with 20% (compared
49.54%(2011) * * * *
to1990level)
24%oftotalgrossfinalenergyconsumptionfromrenewable
22.9%(2012)5 * * * *
sources
Reduction of 10 Mtoe (19%) in the primary energy 16.6%(2012)
* * * *
consumption (7.3Mtoe)6
Lessthan11.3%ofchildrenshouldleaveschoolatanearlyage 17.4%(2012) * * *
Atleast26.7%of3034yearoldsshouldcompletethirdlevel
21.8%(2012) * * *
education
Reduceby580,000lesspeoplethenumberofpeopleatriskof
after social transfer by the year 2020 (compared to 2008 164,000(2012) * * *
levels)
TheaboveeightchallengesarefoundalsointheCouncilsCountrySpecificRecommendationsfor2013,asfollows:
Developmentchallenges
CountrySpecificRecommendations
I II III IV V
CompletetheEU/IMFfinancialassistanceprogramme * * * * *
Ensuregrowthfriendlyfiscalconsolidation * * * * *
Health sector reform. Reduce the excessive use of hospital care including by
* * *
strengtheningoutpatientcare
Improvedlabourmarketparticipation,fightyouthunemploymentandalleviatepoverty * * * *
Educationreform * * *
Strengthen governance and the quality of institutions and the public administration;
significantly improve the quality of regulations; step up efforts to accelerate the *
absorptionofEUfunds
Betterbusinessenvironment,diversifiedaccesstofinanceandcloserlinkbetweenR&D
* *
andindustry
Efficiency in network industries (continue the governance reform of stateowned
* * *
enterprisesinenergyandtransport,adoptalongtermtransportplan)

5
MinistryofEconomy(DepartmentforEnergy)estimation
6
MinistryofEconomy(DepartmentforEnergy)estimation

11

1.1ANALYSISOFDISPARITIES,DEVELOPMENTNEEDSANDGROWTHPOTENTIALS
1.1.1ANALYSISOFDISPARITIESANDIDENTIFICATIONOFTHEMAINDEVELOPMENTNEEDS
THECOMPETITIVENESSANDLOCALDEVELOPMENTCHALLENGE
General
Competitivenessiscommonlydefinedasthecapacityofabusiness,operatinginthecontextofopenmarkets,to
retainitsmarketshare.Therearemanyfacetsofcompetitivenessofanindividualbusiness,including:
theentrepreneurialqualityandcapacityofitsmanagers;
thedistinctivenessandthequalityofitsgoodsandservices;
itslevelofinnovation;
itsphysicalandvirtualconnectionswithitsmarkets;
theefficiencyofitsproductionprocess;
itsaccesstothefactorsofproductionland,labourandcapital.
The concept of competitiveness can similarly be applied at the level of countries and regions, in which context
manyofthesamefacetsofcompetitivenessaremanifestedinamoreaggregatedform:
theextentofenterpriseculture;
areasofcomparativeadvantage;
resourceendowment;
researchandinnovationsystems
transportandcommunicationsinfrastructureandservices
availabilityofsitesandpremises
skillsavailability
functioningfinancialmarkets
TheDGENTRCompetitivenessScoreboardprovidesasummaryappreciationofRomania'srelativeposition.Inall
butafewmeasures,RomaniaisinaweakerpositionthantheEUaverage,andinathirdofmeasuresbya
substantialmargin,withlowproductivity,lowbusinessR&Dandsmallnumberofhighgrowthenterprises
prominent.
RomaniaCompetitivenessScoreboardDistancefromEUAverage(standarddeviations)
3 2 1 0 +1 +2 +3
InnovativeIndustrialPolicy
Labourproductivityperhourworked(2012) x
Labourproductivityperpersonemployed(2011) x
Labourproductivityperpersoninmanufacturing(2011) x
%ofemployeesinmanufacturingwithhigheducationalattainment x
(2012)
Tertiarygraduatesinscienceandtechnology(2011) x
R&Dperformedbybusinesses(2011) x
Shareofhightechexportsintotalexports(2011) x
SustainableIndustry
Energyintensityinindustryandtheenergysector(2011) x
CO2intensityinindustryandenergysector(2011)
EnvironmentalprotectionexpenditureinEurope(2001) x
Exportperformances
Shareofhightechexportsintotalexports(2012)
Exportsofenvironmentalgoodsas%ofallexportsofgoods(2012) x
BusinessEnvironment/Entrepreneurship
Timerequiredtostartabusiness(2011/12) x
Businessenvironmentscore(2011/12) x
Enterprisesurvivalrateaftertwoyears(2010) x
Businesschurn(2010) x
Shareofhighgrowthenterprisesas%ofallenterprises(2009) x
Earlystagefinancing(2011) x
AccesstobanklendingforSMEs(2011) x
Durationofpaymentsbypublicauthorities(2011)

12
 ServiceSectors x
ElectricitypricesformediumsizeenterprisesexcludingVAT(2012) x
Infrastructureexpenditures(2011) x
Satisfaction with quality of infrastructure rail, road, port and x
airport(201213)
%ofbroadbandlineswithspeedabove10MBps(2013) x
PublicAdministration
Legalandregulatoryframework(2013) x
Burdenofgovernmentregulation(201213) x
Egovernmentusagebyenterprises(2012) x
Dataarepresentedsothatpositive(negative)figuresarealwaysbetter(weaker)thantheEUaverage
Source: European Commission: Country fiche Member States Competitiveness Performance and implementation of EU Industrial Policy Industrial
PerformanceScoreboard,2013

Challengingmarketconditions
TheRomanianeconomyexpandedquiterapidlybetween2003and2008.Followingasharpdownturnin2009and
2011, growth returned in 2011, but at a lower rate. However, the overall level of economic activity in Romania
remainsverylow.
Amajorconstraintongrowthisthelowlevelofdisposableincomewhichderivesfromtheemploymentstructure.
Ofthe8.365mjobsinRomaniaonlyjustover4mjobsaresalaried.Theveryhighlevelofselfemployment(2.1m,
25% of all jobs) is more associated with subsistence agriculture and a lack of alternatives rather than
entrepreneurship.Afurther1.4m(20%ofalljobs)isunremuneratedfamilylabour,acategorythatbarelyexistsin
themoredevelopedeconomiesoftheEU.
ThereisaprofoundterritorialcharactertoeconomicactivityinRomania.Growthoverthepastdecadehasbeen
heavilyskewedinfavourofBucharestIlfovwhichhasbecomeamainstreamfunctioningmarketeconomywitha
mixofmanufacturingandserviceemploymentandaGDPpercapitawhichexceedstheEUaverage.However,in
theothersevenregions,developmentgrowthanddiversityofeconomicactivityismuchlowerandtheprospects
forbusinessgrowtharemuchmorechallenging:
lowlevelsofdisposableincomearisingfromthesmallnumberofsalariedjobsinhibitthedevelopmentof
internal markets; subsistence and semisubsistence agriculture, barter and black labour substitute for
formaleconomy;
consumercreditisunderdevelopedconsequently;
thehighlydispersedpatternofsettlementinruralRomaniaresultsinlocalmarketsthatarethin;
SMEsaredisadvantagedintheiraccesstopublicsectormarkets,whichrepresentasignificantproportion
ofaggregatedemandinthedevelopingregions.
Against this background the majority of SMEs are small, locally focused and have limited growth orientation.
Marketsanddistributionareunderdeveloped.
Lowbusinessdensity
RomaniahasthesecondlowestdensityofbusinessesintheEU277.In2011,thepopulationofcompaniesstoodat
452,010,withanoveralldensityper1,000populationof20.4.SMEscontribute53%ofGVA,fivepercentagepoints
belowtheEUaverage.
In terms of territoriality, across Romania's development regions there are significant variations in business
density8. BucharestIlfov is a significant outlier with almost 2.5 the average density of businesses. Four regions,
NorthWest,Central,SouthEastandWestareclusteredaroundtheaveragebusinessdensity(withinaround12%).
However, three regions, North East, South Muntenia and South West Oltenia have significantly lower rate than
averagebusinessdensity(62%70%oftheaverage).TheSMEsdensityrecordedintheruralareasis9.64SMEsper
1,000 inhabitants, much lower than the national average and the primary sector register a small share of SMEs
fromthetotalnationallevel(only3.41%in2011).
Economic operators encounter difficulties in growing, with low turnover and overwhelming dominance of
microenterprises(90%),hamperedbyseveralobstacles:shortageofmediumandhighlyskilledlabourforce,access
to finance, excessive bureaucratisation with weak governance regarding the business environment, market with
fragmented and inconsistent institutional set up and weak entrepreneurship, in particular in rural and fisheries
areas.
Overdependenceuponlowvalueaddingactivities
7
Source:EurostatStatisticsinFocus31/2008.
8
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7.

13
Lesscompetitiveindustrialsectorsaccountforsome1.2mjobs,orcloseto70%ofalljobsinindustry.Thisdiverse
sector comprises extractive and primary processing subsectors, as well as utilities and manufacturing but is
weighted towards less advanced forms of manufacturing. Lower productivity in these sectors is variously
associated with low levels of investment, low levels of innovation and low skill levels among managers and
operatives.
Retail services Commerce, motor trade, transport, hotels and restaurants account for almost half of the total
businessunitsandjustoverafifthofalljobs,closetotheEU27average.ThecontributiontoGDPisjust13%and
labourproductivityisbelowaverage.
Within this Tourism directly supports about 193,000 jobs (2.3% of total employment) while its contribution
maintainingemploymentinrelatedsectorsisestimatedtobemorethantwiceashighRomania'stourismpotential
isconcentratedincertainnicheareas.Promisingsubsectorswithcriticalmassandhigheraddedvaluearehealth
tourism and ecotourism. Romania has around a third of the natural mineral springs in Europe offering diverse
treatments. Investments to realise local development, may be supported in situations where local/regional
developmentstrategieshaveobjectivelydemonstratedtheexistenceofuntappedmarketpotential.

TheConstructionsectorislargerthaninmostEUcountries.TheshareofbusinessunitsandGDPisfairlyevenat
justunder9%.
HighervalueaddingservicesInformationandcommunications,Financialandinsurance,Realestate,Professional
andadministrativeservicesareunderrepresentedrelativetoEUaverage,accountingforjustover8%ofjobsbut
generatealmostaquarterofRomania'sGDP.
Intheperiod200811overallemploymentreducedby4.4%theextractiveandenergysectorsexperiencedsharp
contractions in employment as did the construction sector. Most retailing and related sectors saw only a small
reduction in employment, perhaps due to the prevalence of selfemployment and family businesses. Real estate
was badly affected and continuing reform saw the loss of large numbers of jobs in the public sector. Tourism is
reportedtohavedemonstratedresilienceandhavingcontractedsince2008tohavegrownsharplyin20129.
Sectors experiencing employment growth in 200811 were mainly in the higher value adding services group,
Logistics, ICTs, financial services and business services, all saw increases. Professional and scientific services
experiencedabelowaveragereduction.ThispatternsuggeststhatRomania'stransitiontoamodernservicebased
economycontinuedthroughtherecession.
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture account for almost 30% of employment, almost five times the
average for the EU and its contribution to GDP is almost 7%, but is nevertheless three times the EU27 average.
LabourproductivityinagricultureislessthanaquarteroftheaverageforallsectorsinRomaniaandaquarterof
the European average in agriculture (4,328.5 euro/AWU, respectively 14,967.0 euro/AWU, 2012). The indicator
displayedoneofthelowestgrowthrateascomparedtotherestofEuropeancountries(ofonly0.1%).
Romania's agricultural land and waters remain a vastly underexploited resource. There is clear scope for much
greaterdevelopmentandforgrowththoughtheirintegrationwiththeEuropeanfoodsystem.
Thepotentialinagricultureisconstrainedbyparticulardevelopmentchallengesrelatingtoapolarisedstructureof
holdings.LargeandmediumfarmswhicharepotentiallycompetitivebutneedtobemoderniseandmeetEuropean
standardsaccountforjust7%ofholdingsbutmanagesome70%ofutilisedagriculturalarea(UAA).Some93%of
holdings of less than 5ha comprise the remaining 30% of UAA and are operated on a subsistence or semi
subsistencebasis,withlowornomarketorientationorcooperationtoachievescale,reducedlevelofproductivity
& technical endowment. These holdings however represent an important buffer in Romanian society and in
environmental terms are providers of significant public goods by preventing land abandonment and loss of
biodiversity. The average size of a holding in RO (3.4 ha UAA/farm) is more than four times smaller than the
European average (14.3 ha UAA) (source: Eurostat), that means the fragmentation level is very high. Modest
progressinconsolidationbetween20052010sawthenumberofagriculturalholdingsdecreaseby10%.
Asaresult,skills,innovation,productivityandincomeswithinthesesmallunitsarelow.Aninevitableconsequence
ofimprovingthemarketorientationandproductivitywithinthesmallunitsisthattheywillsupportfarfewerjobs
thanatpresent.Accordingly,diversificationandthegenerationofalternativesourcesofemploymentinruralarea,
whether within the agricultural sector or outside it, including by the development of local processing and
marketing activities, is critical to more sustainable rural development. In 2010 less than 1% of holdings derived
morethan10%oftheirincomefromactivitiesoutsidefarming.
Thefruitsectorhasparticularstructuraldifficultiesamongtheentireproductionandmarketingchain.Itdeclined
continuouslyduring20002011,theareaoforchardsdecreasingby38%andmorethanhalfareaged.Fruitstorage

9
Source:WTTC.

14
capacityisalsolow,coveringonly14%ofproductioncapacity,affectingthesector'sabilitytoprovidefreshfruit
andrawmaterialsforprocessingunitsallyearround.
The agricultural sector overall faces economic risks associated with adverse climatic events and climate change.
Economicinstruments(insurance,riskmanagement)canhelptoaddressthesechallenges.
Aselsewhere,inEurope,Romania'sagriculturalworkforceisageingwithaparticularproblemofintergenerational
changeamongfarmmanagers.
Beyond the farm gate, Romania's high potential to expend exports into the European Food markets is presently
limited by lack of investment in primary processing and its alignment with European standards and consumer
expectations.
Although making a modest contribution to Romania's GDP, fisheries and aquaculture, with fish processing and
tradeinfishandfishproductsarepresentinallregions.Inisolatedareas,notablytheDanubeDelta,theDanube
Plain and the Danube Gorge, fishing activity is an important source of employment and income for the local
population.AquaculturehasawidervalueforRomaniathroughfoodresourcesproducedanditsroleincreating
andmaintainingwetlandsandbiodiversityofmanyfishandbirdspecies.
FishproductioninRomaniafellbyathirdbetween2009and2011.However,theincreasingtrendonlongtermin
domestic consumption of fish and fish products, together with the present low share of Romanian produce
suggeststhatthereisscopetogrowthesector.
Thecompetitivenessofinlandfisheriesishinderedbylackoftargetedinvestmentsinvessels,theexploitationof
viable ponds and in infrastructure. Although Romania has a large surface of aquaculture ponds, the range of
speciesfarmedisnarrowandcouldbebetteralignedwithmarketdemand.Management,includingenvironmental
management is weak; aquaculture production is underreported. Processing and marketing are inefficient, with a
high reliance on direct selling. Marine aquaculture doesn't benefit from favourable geographic and weather
conditions, limiting scope for development and diversification. Only four areas for developing shell farming have
been identified. The development potential of Romania's Black Sea fisheries is ultimately constrained by the
sustainablefishstock.Overfishinghasledtoalowdiversityandquantityofhighvaluefish.Nevertheless,Romania
maintains that aspects of the Black Sea management regime do not provide for fair competition due to the fact
thatRomaniahastoobserveCFPrules,whilethelargestfleetsintheseabasin(Turkish,Ukrainian)arenotobliged
to.Lowcompetitivityismainlycausedbylowdiversityandquantityofhighvaluefish,inefficientandlownumber
ofvessels,inappropriatefishinginfrastructureandrestrictionsrelatedtothefleetthreshold.Investmentsinbasic
infrastructurewouldhaveabroadcatalyticeffect.
Asmallnumberofstrongsectors
The draft of the National Competitiveness Strategy identifies competitive industrial and valueadding service
sectorswhichhavedemonstratedrecentgrowth10andgoodexportperformance:
automotive is high value adding, comprises some 500 large and medium companies, including
manufacturingandassemblybyFordandRenault;involvementintheirsupplychainshasimprovedthe
productivityandcompetitivenessofRomaniancompanies;highlyexportoriented.
food and drink is mediumhigh valueadding and medium technology; the sector includes some large
companies,buthasalongtailofsome7,000SMEs,itsfocusisprimarilytheRomanianinternalmarket;
organicfarminghasexpandedandishighlyexportoriented;
textiles and leather is lower valueadding and lowmedium technology but may represent scope to
increase productivity and addedvalue through innovation; the sector comprises some 4,000 SMEs and
hasahighexportorientation;
information and communications technology is internationally competitive, but mainly focused on
outsourcingforforeignclientsratherthanonRomania'sinternalproductionsystem.
financialservicesismainlyinternalmarketfocused.
However, aggregate direct employment in these sectors is in the region of 700,000, less than 10% of the total.
Althoughthesesectorsareexpectedtogrow,theirleverageontheoveralleconomicsituationislimited,butthey
canbeengineforinnovation.

10
Thereisahighdegreeofcommonalityinthefindingsofstudiesonrecentgrowthandrelativesectorstrength,notwhithstandinguseofdifferentdatasources
including FGB et al 2013, Socioeconomic Needs Analysis and ARUP 2013:Analysis and Evidence Base of the R&D&I Market in Romania. Less research is
availableonfuturepotential,butCojanu(2012)NewdirectionsofindustrialpolicyandneededstructuralchangeconcludedthatTransportEquipmentandAgri
food have greatest development potential and includeed motor vehicles, food and beverages, and leather and textiles as having strong growth potential
alonside,onasmallerscaletobacco,machineryandequipment,electricalequipmentanddecontaminationservice.

15
The National Competitiveness Strategy also recognises the current and potential role of cultural and creative
industries,whichaccountforaround6%ofGDP,incontributingvalueinthesupplychainsofstrongandsecond
tiersectors,throughtheapplicationofdesignforexample,andincontributingtolocaldevelopment.
Culturalandtouristicactivitiesandlocaldevelopment
The enhancement of cultural activity, which is not delivered on a socially optimum level in Romania's less
developedregions,haspotentialtocontributetolocaldevelopment.Inadditiontoimprovingthequalityoflifeand
theattractivenessofRomania'stownsandruralareas,improvementstolocalculturalservicesandmultifunctional
infrastructuretogetherwithinvestmentsinecultureareahavepotentialtoenrichRomanianeducation,tovalorify
thespecificlocaltourismpotential,topromoteandtostimulatethelocaldevelopmentbycreatingnewmarkets
availabletoSMEs.
Investmentinculturalandtouristicactivities,includingrestorationofheritagebuildingsandmonuments,maybe
supportedwherethe prospectivecontribution tolocaldevelopmentisidentifiedasapriorityunder the relevant
RegionalDevelopmentPlan,isjustifiedonthebasisofprospectiveeconomicimpactandisinlinewiththeStrategy
forCultureandPatrimony20142020.
Sourcesofnewbusinessactivity
Newbusinesses,ForeignDirectInvestmentandexportmarketsrepresentsourcesofnewbusinessactivityforthe
Romanianeconomy.
Newbusinesses
Boththesetupandclosureofbusinessesplayanimportantroleinimprovingthecompetitivenessofthebusiness
base.Thecreationofnewbusinessesisparticularlyimportant.InrecentbusinesscyclesintheEU,newSMEshave
accountedforasignificantproportionofoverallemploymentgrowth.InRomania,theformationofnewcompanies
had been proceeding well up to 2008 but stalled during the recession and has yet to fully recover. Romanian
businessesprovedtobelessresilientduringtherecessionthantheEU27average.
Both churn and survival rates in Romania are close to the EU average11. In the period since 1995, the one year
survivalratehasremainedbetween60%and70%withtheexceptionof2008,whenitfellto51%12.
Recentyearshaveseenaslightincreaseintheproportionsofnewbusinessesestablishedinindustry(16.8%,2011)
andConstruction(11.7%,2011)buttradecontinuestobedominantwithcloseto50%13.
Foreigndirectinvestment
Given the underdevelopment of domestic enterprise culture, foreign direct investment continues to play an
important role in the development of Romania's economy, both in industry and higher value adding services. It
represents an opportunity to integrate Romanian companies into international supply chains and to support
improvements to their quality, level of innovation and productivity. Accordingly, future investments will give
precedencetosupportforFDIinhighaddedvaluesectorsbutwillnotberestrictedtothese.
FDIenterpriseshaveapositiveimpactonforeigntradeofRomania,contributingtototalexports71.4%in2011.In
manufacturing,17ofthe23industrialsectorsaredominatedbymultinationals14.
In the period to 2011, Romania received 55.1bn in foreign direct investment15. The distribution by sector is
significantlyalignedwithRomania'sstrongsectors.Manufacturingindustryhasaccountedfor31.5%ofthetotal,
withinwhichChemicalsandplastics,automotivesandtransportequipment,MetalprocessingandFoodanddrink
havebeenprominent.Otherlargesectorsincludefinancialservices(11.5%),construction/realestate(10.7%)and
utilities(7.9%).ICTsaccountforjustover5%,underliningthecontributionofdomesticcompaniestothesector's
growth.
ThestrongestFDIinflowswerebetween2004and2008whenprivatisationwasastrongcontributoryfactor.Flows
have reduced markedly during the recession16. Nevertheless, in 2012, Romania was rated in the top quartile of
Europeancountriesintermsoftheirattractivenessforinvestmentinthenextthreeyears17.
IntermsofterritorialityRomania'slessdevelopedregionshavereceivedonly38.3%ofthetotalFDItodate.
During20032011,3regions,SouthMuntenia,WestandBucharestIlfov,registeredanincreaseinthevolumeof
FDI,while4regions,NorthEast,NorthWest,SouthEastandCentre,registered,in2009,asignificantdecrease.The
declinecontinuedin2regions,SouthWestandSouthEastbetween2009and2011.Ofthe8regions,NorthEastis
11
Source:DGENTRCompetitivenessScoreboard.
12
Source:NewCompaniesandtheProfileofEntrepreneursinRomania(2013).
13
Source:NewCompaniesandtheProfileofEntrepreneursinRomania(2013).
14
Source:CentralBankofRomania,AnnualReportonForeignDirectInvestment.
15
Source:NationalBankofRomania.
16
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p.4.
17
Source:ErnstandYoung,2012,EuropeanAttractivenessReport.

16
the least attractive region for foreign investors, while SouthWest has potential to attract a bigger volume of
foreigninvestments18.
AnalysisofthecompositionofFDIsuggeststhatRomania'shasbeenattractiveformanufacturingindustrieswith
lowembeddedtechnologyandhighenergyintensity.Partofthispatternreflectsthecharacteristicsofbusinesses
that were acquired by foreign interests as part of Romania's privatisation process. However, it also reflects the
relocation of low valueadding activities from countries with a competitive economy, to take advantage of
Romania's available workforce and lower costs. For a small proportion, particularly Asian investments, the
motivationistopenetratenewmarkets.
Theopportunityforgreenfieldinvestment hasbeenanattractionforsomeinvestorsandsuchinvestmentshave
hadasignificantimpactoncompetitiveness,buildingnewfacilities,bringingknowhowandnewtechnologiesand
creatingnewjobs.Intermsofterritoriality,mostFDIingreenfieldhasbeeninBucharestIlfov(60.5%),followedby
CentralRegion(11.0%),WestRegion(9.3%)andSouthMuntenia(6.3%).
The different level of attractiveness of Romania's regions to FDI reflects their relative proximity to European
markets,weaktransportandpoorbasicinfrastructurecompoundedbyanobstructivebusinessenvironmentanda
lackofentrepreneurshipintheprivatesector.
Exports
Althoughsubjecttoadownturnin2009,Romanianexportsincreasedbymorethan50%between2007and2011
when they stood at 45bn. Automotives have contributed most to the overall increase, but food and drink,
textiles/leather and chemicals have also seen significant growth. The National Export Strategy 20112015, also
highlights potential in sectors including industrial equipment, marine fabrication, furniture, electrical products,
pharmaceuticals,telecommunicationsequipment,softwareandITservices.Theevolutionofexportsintheperiod
200711demonstratesthatRomaniahassectorsthatcancompeteinternationally.
Moreover, given the significance of foreign owned businesses in export sales, it demonstrates that global
businessescaninvestinRomaniaandbesuccessful.
Customs infrastructure has an important impact on the movement of goods, on foreign trade and therefore on
economicgrowth.Importedgoodsduring20112014periodincreasedbyanaverageof3.9%perannumand,for
thesameperiod,exportedgoodsincreasedbyanaverageof0.8%.Aonehourstopatcustomsisequivalentwitha
covered distance of 70 km. A stop of 34 hours is equivalent to 210280 km covered, delaying freight transport
arrivingtodestinations,withnegativeeffectsontransportutilization,businessinventorycostsandonRomanias
competitivenessasanexporterandasaconduitforforeigntrade.
Aninsufficientlysupportivebusinessenvironment
According to the World Economic Forum, the most problematic factors for doing business in Romania are
corruption, tax rates, government bureaucracy and inefficiency, access to finance, tax regulations, inadequate
infrastructure,inflationandaninadequatelyeducatedworkforce19.
Bureaucracy
Despite progress the Romanian business environment is still confronted by excessive bureaucracy, notably in
relationtofiscalmanagementandthecomplexityanddurationofprocedures20.Regulationlacksproportionality.
Administrative, accounting and reporting requirements are common to large and to micro businesses. This
contributestomaintainingahighrateofactivityoutsidetheformaleconomy.
Unnecessarilyrestrictivecriteria,highcostsofparticipationandtheinabilitytocontractonbasesotherthanprice
deter or exclude many SMEs from public sector markets and denies Romania a major source of micro and SME
growththatismainstreamintheEU.
Inordertoaddresstheseissues,theNationalCompetitivenessStrategyproposesabetterregulatoryframework
for the business environment in line with the European Council Recommendations concerning promotion of
administrativetransparencyandlegalcertainty.Additionally,theexistingregulatoryframeworkforSMEs(theLaw
No 346/2004) has been amended and completed according in line with Small Business Act principles under the
National Reform Programme 2011 201321. The development of egovernment services is seen to have
considerablepotentialinreducingtheadministrativeburden.Similarly,thereispotentialtoimprovetradeflowby
removingcustomsadministrationandinfrastructurebottlenecks.

18
Source:MinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandPublicAdministration2013,draftNationalStrategyforRegionalDevelopment.
19
Source:TheGlobalCompetivenessReport20122013,WorldEconomicForum,pg.302
20
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p5;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p9;European
CouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p8,p11.
21
NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport

17
Accesstofinance
Access to business finance remains problematic22 and recent surveys contain mixed messages on whether the
situation is improving. On one hand in 2011, 15% of Romanian SMEs reported access to finance as their most
pressingprobleminlinewithEUaveragereducedfrom27%in200923.Ontheother,againstanimprovingtrend
across the EU27, Romanian SMEs reported a deteriorating position in the previous 6 months in relation to
availabilityoffinancefrombanks(13%)publicsupport(47%)tradecredit(25%)equity(40%).
ResearchcarriedoutbyEIF24publishedin2009highlighteddifficultiesinaccessingfinancefacedbySMEs,andnew
startsups in particular. Bank finance was identified as the main source of external financing. Relatively few
propositionsareofascalewhereprivateequitybecomeseconomic;limitedpersonalassetvaluesconstrainaccess
tobankbasedloanfinanceoncommercialterms.
The JEREMIE Fund (100m) is the largest financial instrument implemented in 20072013. Although approved in
2008, it was not active until 2011 that the first financial intermediaries were contracted for the Portfolio
Guaranteeproduct(68m)whichhadinJune2013anestimatedportfolioaroundof160m.The17.5mCatalyst
Fund providing risk capital made its first investment in June 2013. However, microfinance initiatives have so far
beenmoresuccessfulthanotherfinancialinstruments.Experiencehasalsohighlightedthenegativeimpactofthe
reimbursementmodeloninvestment,andwhichresultedinapprovedinvestmentprojectsnotproceeding.
Intermsofterritoriality,financialservicesareingenerallessaccessibletoruralbusinessesandtotheagricultural
sector.AlthoughtheRomanianbankingsystemhasdevelopedrapidlyinrecentyearsandthebankshaveshown
greater openness to finance SMEs and agrifood sector, most EAFRD beneficiaries are assessed as high risk and
consequently their access to loans for cofinancing projects and supporting cashflow for implementation is
difficult. Moreover, the use of land and other farm assets as bank guarantees has been deeply affected by the
volatilityofvaluesaccompanyingthecrisis.
Takeup in 200713 of guarantee schemes supported under EAFRD designed as nonState Aid schemes has been
disappointingcomparedtosubsidised loanschemesusedunderSAPARD,duringthepreaccessionperiod.These
guarantee schemes have not overcome the barrier of accessibility to funding due to the last years' economic
situationinfluencinglendingpoliciesoffinancialinstitutions.Amongthevulnerabilitiesassociatedbylenderstothe
ruralareawementiontheaverageareaofagriculturalexploitationunderthelevelofeconomicviability,lowprofit
marginwheninvestinginsmallerbusinesses,doubledbyinsufficientinformationonruraleconomy.Anadditional
burdenaffectingbeneficiariesrelatestothecostoftheschemes.Asaconsequence,theamountallocatedtothe
guaranteeschemeswasin2013reducedbyaprox.50%(from220mpubliccontributionto116m).Appropriate
designofinstruments,balancingStateAid,easeofimplementation,bankandbeneficiaryrequirementsandtheir
availabilityfromoutsetofnewprogrammesistherefore,akeytotheirsuccess.Theexanteassessmentrequired
beforeimplementationshouldidentifythetypesoffinancialinstrumentneededtocoverthemarketgaps,optimize
allocationandmaximizeresults.
Accesstosupport
A further lesson from 200713, relates to provision of information and other support business. In this area
fragmentation and the complexity of processes has also been a disincentive to takeup, resulting in reduced
effectiveness.TheseissueswillbeaddressedthroughacleardemarcationofactionsbetweentheCompetitiveness
and Regional Operational Programmes in 201420, Competitiveness OP will finance only research and/or
innovationforpublicandprivateentities,includingSMEswhileROPwillfinanceallactivitiesoftheSMEsrelatedto
businessdevelopment.
Limitedcapacitytoabsorbsupport
Romania'sbusinessbaseisskewedtowardssmallscaleenterprises,lowvalueaddingactivitiesandsectorswhere
publicinvestmentwouldbelargelydisplacing(e.g.retailingorclosetoretailing).Accordingly,thetargetmarketfor
businesssupportbusinessesinmediumhighvalueaddingproductiveandservicesectorswithbothanorientation
andcapacityforgrowthrepresentsasmallproportionoftheoverallbusinessbase.
Constrainedavailabilityofskills
Businesses in Romania seeking to grow face considerable competition for skilled personnel, including for
entrepreneurialskills.Skillsgapsexistinallregionsandarenotconfinedtosectorsthathaveexperiencedrecent

22
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p9,p10;European
CouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p8,p11.
23
IpsosMORI,2011,SMEAccesstoFinanceSurvey.Themethodologyofthestudyimplied(CATI)interviews,questionnaires.
24
EIF,2009,ExecutiveSummariesofEvaluationStudiesonSMEAccessfoFinance.

18
growthinemployment25.Analysisbyoccupationalgrouprevealsthehighestvacancyratesforskilledworkersand
relatedworkers(3%),plantandmachineoperatorsandassemblersofmachineryandequipment(2.5%)andskilled
workers in agriculture and fishing (1.8%). Recruitment difficulties were highlighted particularly in occupations
requiringTVETqualifications.
The supply of skills is partly conditioned by the traditional requirements of Romanian industry with its focus in
labourintensiveandlowvalueaddingactivities.Inmanufacturingtheshareofhighlyqualifiedlabourisabouthalf
oftheEU27average.Nevertheless,thegradualincreaseintheshareofhighlyskilledinlabourforcesince2006is
indicativeoftheshifttoamoreknowledgebasedeconomyandanincreaseinmediumandhighlyqualifiedjobsat
theexpenseoflowskilled.
Availabilityofhighlevelskillshasbeenadverselyaffectedbythelargescaleemigrationofskilledworkforceinthe
past decade, a phenomenon that has also been reflected in the ageing of the workforce. Moreover, skills
availabilityisalsoaffectedbytheproportionofenterprisesprovidingvocationaltrainingtotheiremployeeswhich
isbelowtheEUaverage(40%vs.58%).RomanianmicrofirmsareevenlessinclinedthantheirpeersinotherEU
countriestoensurethattheiremployeesparticipateinlifelonglearningactivities.
ICTsandcompetitiveness
InadditiontothepotentialofICTsasagrowthsector,ICTsplayanimportantroleinimprovingbusinessefficiency
andextendingmarketreach.
Considerable caution is needed in interpreting Romania's position on the Digital Scoreboard as regards business
useofICTsasitispotentiallymisleadingduetothedistinctivestructureofthebusinessbasewiththelargescaleof
selfemploymentandverysmallagriculturalholdings.Althoughonly36%ofRomanianbusinesseshaveawebsite
comparedwith71%onaEuropeanlevel,thisrepresentssubstantialtakeupamongbusinessesthatwouldbenefit
fromhavingawebsite.
Asregardsecommerce,however,thereisacleardeficit26bothonthesupplyside(only5%ofSMEswith10250
employeessellingonline,comparedwith13%atanEUlevel)andonthedemandside(5%allindividualsand11%
internet users buying online compared with 45% and 59% for the EU27 in 2012)27. Although the large company
shareofturnoverfromecommercehasdoubledinthreeyears,at6%itislessthanathirdoftheEUaverage.
Thelowtrustofcitizensinelectronicsystemsisidentifiedasasignificantbarriertotheadoptionofecommerce28.
Inadditiontoimprovinginternetaccessandstimulatingcomputeruse,developmentofthedigitalmarketplacein
Romania will require consumer confidence to be built in the security of personal data and financial transactions
andalsoconsumerlawaroundonlinepurchaseofgoodsandservices.
Thisneedstobecomplementedbydevelopmentoftheregulatoryframeworkoncrossborderecommerce,online
payment and delivery and will be supported by a framework dedicated to easy resolution of the abuses and
disputesspecifictoecommerce.
ICT development in government has potential to improve the competitiveness of the business environment, to
increasepublicsectorefficiencyandtoreducebureaucracy.In2011,only63%ofRomanianenterpriseswereusing
theInternetforinteractionwithpublicauthorities,comparedwithaEU27averageof87%,whereasonly31%of
the citizens were using eGovernment services (the European target for the end of 2015 is 50%). However, to
significantlyimprovetheefficiencyandflexibilityofegovernmentenvironment,actionwillbeneededto:
improvetheinteroperabilityofelectronicsystems;
preparationofeidentity;
rationaliseandconsolidategovernmentICTandegovernmentsystemswhichhavehithertodevelopedina
fragmentedfashion.
InvestmentsinthefieldofICTswillproceedundertheumbrellaoftheNationalStrategyforDigitalAgendathe
strategicpolicyframeworkfordigitalgrowth.
Maindevelopmentneeds
In response to the foregoing analysis, investment in 201420 will be prioritised within the framework of the
NationalCompetitivenessStrategy,theNationalRDIStrategy,theNationalAgriculturalStrategy29,andtheRegional
Development Plans and informed by the principles of smart specialisation. These conclude that the clearest
potential for growth resides in Romania's internationally competitive sectors: in particular automotives; ICT

25
SourceCEDEFOPSurvey2011.
26
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7.
27
Source:DigitalScoreboard2012.
28
Source:MinistryfortheInformationSociety.
29
CurrentlyinpreparationbytheWorldBank.

19
productsandservices;foodanddrinkprocessing.However,thesesectorsaccountforalimitedproportionoftotal
employmentandtheirgrowthpotentialisinsufficienttoovercomeRomania'svastemploymentgapinthemedium
term.
Reflectingtheiroverallinfluenceonemployment,stimulatinggrowthandsustainingexistingactivityinsectorsthat
havenotablepotentialforgrowthandincreasedaddedvaluehealth/pharmaceuticals;tourism;textiles/leather;
wood/furniture;creativeindustries;energy/environmentalmanagementandinagriculture,forestryandfishingwill
alsobeimportanttoRomania'smediumtermdevelopment.
Forasustainableincreaseofnationalcompetitiveness,itisnecessaryforinvestmentsinthesesectorstobegiven
priority at national level and to receive most support from ESI Funds. At the same time, Regional Development
Planscanidentify,atlocallevel,othersectorswithgrowthpotentialthatmaybeasecondaryfocusforinvestment.
AsregardstheprimarysectorinvestmentsinrestructuringfarmsandcompliancewithEUstandards,renewalofthe
agestructureinagriculture,fosteringaccesstothemarketofagriculturalproducts,improvingtheagricultureand
forestry infrastructure and increasing the addedvalue of agricultural products through processing infrastructure,
areissuesthatneedtobeaddressed.
Subjecttotheoutcomeoftheexanteassessmentadequatefinancialinstrumentsforfarmersandforstimulating
the rural business environment will need to be established. This would allow a more competitive purchase of
quality inputs, a better orientation of farms toward market demands, including short supply food chains, the
diversification of basic product and the improvement of general viability. Credits and guarantee funds are
important especially when agricultural and other micro and small enterprises need cofinancing for rural
developmentprojectsandforothertypesofinvestmentprojects.Riskmanagementtoolsforfarmersareneeded
tohelpthembettermanagetheeconomicimpactofadverseclimaticevents.
Analysis by sector and region highlights where regions enjoy comparative advantage30, variously on the basis of
natural resource and other factor endowments, relative accessibility to markets and supply chains in Western
Europe,etc.Futureinvestmentswillseektoconsolidatetheresultinglocalandregionalspecialisation,inorderto
ensure efficient use of regional development resources including by promotion of clusters (including maritime
clusters in line with the identified potentials of the BlueGrowth Sectors in Romania). Regional comparative
advantagesareidentifiedinrelationto:
highertechnologyindustrialsectorschemistryandoilprocessingindustry(Southregion)andautomotive
industry (South, SouthWest, West and Centre regions), energy (SouthWest, West and SouthEast
regions);
lower technology industrial sectors textile and clothing industry (NorthEast, SouthEast and Centre
regions),leatherandfootwearindustry(NorthWestregion)andwoodprocessingandfurnitureindustry
(NorthEast,NorthWestandCentreregions);
high valueadded service sectors ICTs (BucharestIlfov, West and NorthWest regions), financial and
insuranceactivities(highlyconcentratedinBucharestIlfovregion,reflectingthemajorimportanceofthe
capitalcityfortheentireRomanianeconomy);
untapped potential for tourism, as a driver for local development, will be tackled, in a tailored basis,
consistentlywiththeanalysisentailedintheregionaldevelopmentplans.
Agriculture and food are identified as important in all regions, but with relatively less contribution in Bucharest
Ilfov,CentralandinNorthWest.
Inpursuinglocalgrowth,thedirectionofRegionalDevelopmentfundswilltakeintoaccountbothnationalsectoral
priorities and regional strengths. In particular, the policies and instruments with an effect on the maritime
economy, unlocking the potential of the blue economy and generating sustainable growth and new jobs in
maritimesectors,needtobesupportedincludingbyterritorialcooperation.
Inaddition,totheirpotentialasagrowthsector,thehorizontalapplicationofICTsinbusinessandingovernment
will be in increasingly important factor in Romania's competitiveness. In this regard government will have a key
role, in ensuring the required ICT infrastructure is delivered; in ensuring the digital environment is effectively
regulated so that businesses and citizens are confident in using it; in ensuring that businesses and citizens can
interactelectronicallywithgovernmentinanefficientandeffectivemanner.
InformedbythefindingsoftheanalysisofDevelopmentChallengesandtheSWOTAnalysis(AnnexI),themain
developmentneedsare:

30
RegionalcompetitiveadvantageswereidentifiedfromtheanalysismadeonregionaleconomiesinNationalRegionalDevelopmentStrategy,Regional
DevelopmentPlansandNationalStrategyforCompetitiveness.

20
 The continued expansion and growth, including in international market of Romania's competitive
manufacturingandhighvalueaddedservicessectors,inparticular,automotives;ICTproductsandservices;
foodanddrinkprocessing;
The transformation of Romania's traditional sectors, health/pharmaceuticals; tourism;
textiles/leather; wood/furniture; creative industries; energy/environmental management and in
agriculture, forestry and fishing where there is potential to grow, to increase added value or to sustain
activity in the medium term through the exploitation of specialist niches or to increase competitiveness
throughinnovationandmarketdevelopment;
The restructuring, consolidation and on farm diversification in order to improve competitiveness and
viabilityofagriculturalholdings;renewaloftheagestructureinfarmingandtheadoptionofmodernand
innovativeproductionandmarketingpractices;
Attractingyoungpeoplewiththeappropriatetrainingintheagriculturalsector;
Increasingthevalueaddedgeneratedbythefruitsectorthroughanintegratedapproachacrossthe
valuechain;
Theimprovementtothecompetitivityandentrepreneurshipinthefisheriesandaquaculture.
Theradicalimprovementtothebusinessenvironmentintermsoftheavailabilityofinvestmentfinance,
thetransparencyandpredictabilityofpolicy,theproportionalityofadministrationandregulation,including
throughimprovementtogovernmentuseofICTs;
The attraction of investment into Romania's less developed regions and into its rural areas through an
integratedapproachspanninginfrastructure,sites,skills,andinvestmentsupport;
Strengtheningthedigitalbusinessenvironment;Theneedtofocusoncreationofemploymentandgrowth
bytheblueeconomy.
Research,developmentandinnovation(RDI)activityinsupportofcompetitiveness
General
Science,technologyandinnovativebehaviouraretransformingforcesforbusinesses,individualandsocietywhich
facilitate:
enhancement of the addedvalue in products and services, thus supporting higher returns to businesses
andskills;
theachievementandretentionofcompetitivenessinanincreasinglyglobalisedmarketplace;
approachestomanyofthebigchallengesconfrontingsociety.
TheEurope2020Strategyaimstofostersmartgrowthbysupportingsustainedinvestmentininnovation.In2012,
Romaniainvestedonly0.49%ofGDPinR&D,withmorethan80%accountedforbytheRomanianpublicsector.A
step change in behaviour is needed to achieve the national Europe 2020 target of 2% of GDP by 202031. Some
studiespointtoarelativelyhighlevelofinnovationinRomanianbusinessesnevertheless32,andsuggestaneedto
lookbeyondformalR&Dexpenditureinordertofullycomprehendthesituation.
Romaniaassumedtargets
UE27
throughNationalReform Romaniacurrentsituation(2012)
Objective2020 targets
Program
TotalinvestmentinR&D(frombothpublic
3% 2% 0.49%
andprivatesources)%ofGDP
CountrySpecificRecommendations2013:
- ensurecloserlinksbetweenresearch,innovationandindustry,inparticularbyprioritisingresearchanddevelopmentactivities
thathavethepotentialtoattractprivateinvestment.

Intermsofterritoriality, Business(36%)andGovernment(41%)expenditureandemploymentin R&Darehighly

concentratedinBucharestIlfov;onlyR&DexpenditureandemploymentinHigherEducationInstitutions(22%)is
moredispersed.
LowlevelandslowgrowthinprivatesectorinvestmentinR&D
In 2011, Romania's Business Sector invested only 825m lei in R&D, 17.1% of the total. Growth in private sector
R&Dbetween2007and2011wasonly11.8%,justoverathirdofthegrowthrateforallR&Dexpenditure33.This
patternisattributabletostructuralandotherfactors.

31
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p8.
32
Forexample,DGENTR,2011,SMEAccesstoFinanceSurvey.
33
Source:NationalInstituteforStatistics.

21
TheinnovationpotentialinbusinessiscloselylinkedtoRomania'seconomicstructure34:
largecompaniesaccountforjust0.4%ofallcompaniesbuttheycontribute47.3%ofGVAattributableto
companies;56.4%oflargecompaniesareassessedasinnovationactive;
mediumsizedcompaniesaccountfor1.9%ofcompaniesandgenerate20.5%GVAincompanies;38.7%of
mediumsizedcompaniesareassessedasinnovationactive;
smallcompaniesrepresent10.6%ofthetotaland17.8%ofGVAincompanies;27.5%ofsmallcompanies
areassessedasinnovationactive;
micro companies amount to 87.1% of the total and 14.4% GVA in companies, only a small fraction are
believedtohavecapacityororientationtowardsinnovation;
At present, investment in R&D is extremely concentrated in high and medium technology companies which
represent a small proportion of the total35. The large proportion involved in low or mediumlow technology
activitiesgeneratealowdemandforinnovationsupport.
Theshareofhighandmediumtechnologyindustriesingrossvalueaddedgeneratedbyallcompaniesinindustrial
sectorincreasedfrom20.8%in2008to25.9%in2011whichshowsabetterresistancetotheeffectsofthecrisis
and sustainability. The activity of hightech and medium companies was, naturally, supported by a significant
investment in research, development and innovation, these companies concentrating 84% of all industrial R&D
expenditurein2011.
Innovation potential also reflects the focus of activity. As discussed above, Romania's company base is skewed
towardslowvalueaddingactivities.Almosthalfofthetotalisinretailingorclosetoretailingactivities.
However, beyond the structural factors which suggest that a very modest proportion of the business base
representsarealistictargetforinnovationsupport,additionalfactorshavebeenidentifiedasconstrainingprivate
investmentinresearchandinnovation36:
the negative impacts of the international economic crisis which have increased risk aversion, reduced
liquidityandhadasignificanteffectonSMEaccesstofinance,includingtofundR&D37;
lack of venture capital generally, but more specifically an absence of venture capital funds dedicated to
R&Ddriventechnologicalinnovation;
disruption in national public support to RDI activities since 2009 (National Programme calls become
irregularandthecallsbudgetsdecreasedsharply);
thecomplexityofrulesconcerningaccessandimplementationofpubliclysupportedRDIprojects;
decreaseinthenumberofR&Demployeesintheprivatesector;
many of the foreignowned companies (including former state companies) do not include research
activitieswithintheiroperationsinRomania;
weak connections between academia and Romanian private sector R&D, and the poor practical
applicabilityoftheresearchresultsgeneratedbythepublicsector;
high costs of patent registration at European level. Romanian institutions are determined to patent at
nationallevel.
In spite of a diverse offer of financial support for RDI in the period 20072013 was quite diverse, demand from
enterpriseswasnotparticularlyhigh.Accesstofinancialinstruments(loan,guarantees,riskcapital)waslimitedin
thisperiodandtheSMEs,especially,founditverydifficulttoensurearobustcashflownecessaryfortheirprojects.
LimitedalignmentbetweenprivateR&Dandsectorswithgrowthpotential
In 2011, business R&D expenditure was concentrated in the automotive (22%), chemicals (10%), ICT (10%), and
electricalequipment(7%)sectors.PrivateR&DinstitutionshavealsoalargeshareofbusinessexpenditureforR&D
(22%).
Some large sectors are associated with very small R&D expenditure. Trade, which accounts for almosthalf of all
businesses,contributesonly2%;Agriculture,whichaccountsfor30%ofemploymentcontributeswithlessthan1%,
reflectingthespecificitiesoftheRomanianfarmstructure.

34
Source:INSandStudyTheroleofprivatesectorinthedevelopmentofcompetitioninR&Dandinnovationsystem.
35
Theturnoverofhighandmediumtechcompanieswas30%ofthetotalindustryturnoverin2011,increasingfrom24%in2008.Source:Noidireciide
politicindustrialimodificrilestructuralenecesare(Cojanuetal,2012).
36
EvaluareaIntermediaraStrategieiNaionaleiaPlanuluiNaionalCD&I200713(TechnopolisGroup,2012),Noidireciidepoliticindustriali
modificrilestructuralenecesare(Cojanuetal,2012),Rolulsectoruluiprivatndezvoltareacompetiieinsistemulcercetriidezvoltriiiinovrii(2012).
37
The overall number of innovators in 2010 decreased by almost 40% relative to 2006. Process innovators, which represent the majority of innovators,
registered the worst decline (almost 50%). The number of companies that introduce new or significantly improved products declined by almost a third
comparedto2008.

22
AnalysisofthepublicdemandforR&DfundsshowsthatICTisactiveinseekingpublicfunding,whereasautomotive
andchemicalR&Disbasedmainlyonprivatefunding.
The pattern of private R&D expenditure is only partially correlated with sectors targeted under the National
CompetitivenessStrategyandNationalRDIStrategy38.
BasedontheanalysisoftheRDImarketinRomaniaandaccordingtothemethodologicalguidelinesspecifiedinthe
European Guide for Research and Innovation Strategies based on Smart Specialisation(RIS3) the National RDI
StrategyidentifiesthefollowingthematicprioritiesforthepublicRDIinvestmentsintheperiod20142020:
bioeconomy (agriculture and forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, food, biotechnologies and bio
pharmaceutics);
ICT,spaceandsecurity;
Energy,environmentandclimatechanges;
econanotechnologiesandadvancedmaterials;
health.
The most important Romanian RD infrastructure, ELINP, its first phase financed under 20072013 period, is
expected to bring significant advances in basic sciences laser and nuclear physics, astrophysics as well as
importantbreakthroughsinapplicationsofmajorsocietalinterestsinmaterialandlifesciences.Topromotethe
commercialexploitationofELINPfindingsandfacilities,anopeninnovationassociationofresearchandbusiness
entitieshasbeenformed.
The existence of ELINP will have stimulating effects on high tech industries, offering exciting opportunities for
companiestoperformfrontierresearchaswellasfosteringtheresearchtothebenefitofinnovativecompanies,
havingdirectandindirecteffectsontheeconomicenvironmentatlocalandregionalscales.
FragmentedpublicR&Dpoorlylinkedwithbusiness
Romania has an extensive public R&D infrastructure comprising 54 universities, 46 National Research and
Development Institutes, the Romanian Academy with 66 Institutes and Research Centres, the Academy of
Agricultural and Forestry Sciences with 17 Institutes, Research Centres and a network of field research units. In
termsofterritoriality,althoughrepresentedinallregions,thereisparticularconcentrationinBucharest,followed
byIasiandCluj.However,theRomanianR&Dandacademicenvironmentshavebeenfoundtobecharacterizedby
fragmentation, inconsistent quality, excessive standardization, inefficient use of resources and the absence of
strategyfordevelopingresearchintensiveinstitutions39.
Private agricultural research has a low share in the national agricultural research. A particularity of agricultural
researchinRomaniaisthefactthatresearchitselfisassociatedwithdevelopmentandinnovationactivity,aswell
as with a commercial activity on the market of seeds, viticulture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery genetic
material.
TheR&DinstitutesareunderassessmentandclassificationaccordingtotheirR&Dactivityperformance40.Themain
evaluation criteria are the quality of research results, the quality of human resources, the quality of the
infrastructureanditslevelofexploitation,managerialefficiency,andthequalityoftheinstitutionaldevelopment
plan.TheinvestmentofESIFundsinR&Dpublicinfrastructurewillbeprioritizedonthebasisofthisevaluationand
thequalitycertificatesissued.
Analysisofpublicationsandpatentapplicationsrevealsthat RomanianpublicR&D institutionspossessparticular
strengthsinthefieldsof:
Materialstechnologies,includingnanotechnologies;
Engineering,includingaeronauticsandautomotives;
InformationandCommunicationstechnologies;
Environmentalscienceandtechnology;
Medicine/health;
Agriculture.
ThisanalysisisconsistentwiththestrengthsofRomanianresearchintheEuropeancontext.TheFP7Cooperation
areaswhere Romanian participationhasbeenstrong(onthe basisoffundsattracted)havebeen:ICT;Transport

38
ThepriorityeconomicsectorsidentifiedbytheCompetitivenessStrategyandthethematicprioritiesforpublicRDIinvestmentasidentifiedbytheNational
RDIStrategyhaveasacommonbasisthestudyAnalysisandEvidenceBaseoftheRDIMarketinRomaniawhichprovidesanationalviewandananalysisof
theregionalcontextandpotentialforinnovationintheeconomy(ononeside)anddiscussestheRDIdemandversusthestrenghtsoftheRDIoffer(ontheother
side)inordertounderstandthelinkageandcorrelationbetweenRDIandbusinessperformancewithintheinnovationsystem,inthecontextofestablishinga
smartspecialisationfocus.
39
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p12.
40
InlinewithGovernmentDecisionNo1062/2011.

23
(including Aeronautics); Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New production technologies;
Environment;Health;Food,AgricultureandFisheries,andBiotechnology.
Thesestrengthsarewell alignedwith thesectorsthataredemonstratinggrowthandexportpotentialunder the
competitiveness strategy (e.g. automotives, ICTs, food), with second tier opportunities where innovation could
extendthelifeofmatureproductlinesandsupportrelateddiversification(e.g.woodandtextiles)andwithmajor
societalchallengesconfrontingRomania(notablyclimatechangeadaptation,andenvironmentalremediation).
However,whilemuchoftheresearchundertakeninRomaniaisimpressive,itislargelydrivenbyacademiccuriosity
ratherthancommercialconsiderations.Connectionsbetweeneducation,researchandthebusinesssectorremain
weak41, with the result that few ideas are transferred and commercialised42. Such collaborative activity as exists
tendstobebetweenR&Dinstitutionsandlargecompanies.ThereislimitedparticipationbySMEs,althoughthisto
some degree reflects the relatively small scale and sectorial structure of the SME base. The public research
institutionshavenotdevelopedspecialmanagementandpersonalcapacitydedicatedtobettercommercialisation
ofresearchresults,bettermanagementofIPR,strongerdialoguewithenterprisesinsupportoftheirneeds.
Weaksystemsforprotectingandsharingintellectualproperty
LinkagebetweenbusinessandtheRomanianresearchbaseisfurtherimpededbytheframeworkofownershipand
sharing of intellectual property43 arising from research. The present low level of patent registration and the fact
that more than half of applications are filed by individuals rather than businesses, universities and research
institutes has militated against the development of systems of IPR protection needed in an open innovation
environment. With a low level of use, the technology transfer and commercialization channels, including IPR
advisory assistance are very weak. Moreover, filing and maintenance costs of patents at international level are
prohibitiveforindividualresearcherslackingcorporatebacking.
Adraftlawregardingemployeesinventions,approvedbytheGovernmentispresentlybeforetheParliamentand
isintendedtoclarifyincomesharingrightsfromcommercializedIPamonginnovatingemployees,theiremployers
andcollaboratingresearchinstitutions.Thiswillincentivizeinnovativebehaviouramongthesegroupsandshould
enablepublicsupportforIPRprotectiontobemuchmoreefficient.Also,aproposaltoamendIPRlegislation(the
Law No 84/1998 is under preparation in order to clarify some aspects resulting from the implementation of the
Law.
Shortageofresearchskills
The research skills base in Romania has expanded substantially since 1993, particularly in the higher education
sector. However, uncompetitive wages and research facilities have seen talent haemorrhage from public sector
researchinrecentyears,withmanyyoungresearchersmigratingabroad.AmongtheEUcountriesRomaniahasthe
lowestshareofR&Dpersonnelasapercentageofallpersonsemployed(0.4%in2010)whichisaboutaquarterof
theEUaverage.Intermsofterritoriality,onlyBucharestIlfovisclosetotheEUaverageof1.7%.
In2011only25.8%oftheeconomicallyactivepopulationintheagegroup2564hadeithersuccessfullycompleted
tertiary education in science and technology or was employed in an occupation where such an education is
normally required, in comparison to the EU27 average of 42.3%. In terms of territoriality, there are significant
regional variances with BucharestIlfov (46.7%) exceeding the EU27 average, and the remaining regions varying
from17.7%inNordEastto25.1%inWest.
LessonsLearned
Thereareatpresentfewevaluationresultsavailablethatprovideinsightintotherelativeeffectivenessofspecific
interventiontypes.However,importantlessonshavebeenlearnedinthe20072013period,includinginrelation
to:
The gross deficiency of demand in Romania's developing regions which impedes the development of
enterpriseandmarketeconomy;
ThefinancialinstrumentslessadaptedtotheneedsofSMEsandtotherulesofstateaide/deminimis;
Fragmentation of business support between the Competitiveness and Regional Operational Programmes
whichhasimpededeffectiveness;
The fragmentation of the research environment and the inadequacy of its connection with the needs of
businessgrowthandsocietalchallenges.

41
Source:QualityBarometer,2010,TheQualityofHigherEducationinRomania.
42
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7.
43
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7.

24
 TheabsenceofthefinancialinstrumentstailoredtotheneedsofR&Dsectoranditsconnectionwiththe
productivesector/technologictransfer.
Theimportanceofthesimplifiedrulesregardingaccessandimplementationofprojects.
Maindevelopmentneeds
In response to the foregoing analysis, investment in 201420 will be prioritized in the framework of Romania's
National Competitiveness Strategy, the National RDI Strategy and the National Agricultural Strategy and the
principles of smart specialization and will emphasize support leading to the commercial application of RDI
activities.Acomplementaryfiscalenvironmentwillincentivizecompanies,includingmultinationals,tolocatetheir
research activities in Romania. A tax deduction of 120% of R&D expenses for undertakings where R&D activities
accounting for at least 15% of their total yearly expenditure was introduced in 2010 and has been upgraded to
150%in2013.
InvestmentofESIFundsininstitutionswillbeprioritizedonthebasisofthefindingsofthenationalassessmentof
R&Dinstitutionsasfollows:
stronginstitutions/welllinkedtoprioritizedsectorsmainfocusofsupport;
lessstrongbutcapableofimprovement/welllinkedtoprioritizedsectorssecondarypriorityforsupport;
weakinstitutions/notlinkedtoprioritizedsectorsnotapriorityforsupport.
For the agriculture sector, knowledge transfer, innovation support and research that is well correlated to the
practical needs of farmers will be important for increasing farm competitiveness and performance. In order to
facilitatetheintroductionofnewtechnologies,afocusingofresearchunitsonpracticalapplicationsatfarmlevelin
thecontextofpartnershipagreementsforinnovationwillbeessential.
InformedbythefindingsoftheanalysisofDevelopmentChallengesandtheSWOTAnalysis(AnnexI),themain
developmentneedsare:
The creation of a more compact and modern R&D environment that is focused on businesss needs,
societalchallengesandtechnologieswhereRomaniahasworldclasspotential,informedbytheprinciples
ofsmartspecialisationandinordertoincreasethecommercialisationandinternalisationofresearch;
Thepromotionofanenterpriseandinnovationculturethroughouttheeducationsystemandinbusiness
networked with all necessary forms of support, financial, managerial, technical, creative, in order to
realisethelatentpotentialinRomania'speopleanditsbusinesses;
Adaptingresearchactivitiestotheneedsoffarmersandfacilitatingtheiraccesstoresearch,innovation
resultsandqualityadvisoryservices.
THEPEOPLEANDSOCIETYCHALLENGE
Employmentandlabourmobility
General
Romaniaisconfrontedbyacomplexofissuesinthelabourmarket.Principalamongtheseisagrossdeficiencyin
demandwhichisreflectedinalowemploymentrate44domesticallyandinmassivemigrationtotakeadvantageof
betteropportunitiesinternationally.Thiscreatesaverypoorplatformforprogressivelabourmarketpolicy.Insuch
asituationofverylowdemand:
employeesareforcedtoacceptlowlevelsofremunerationandpoortermsandconditionsofemployment;
employers hire in the most skilled and adaptable workers as needed; there is little investment by
employersinskillsdevelopment;
there is low job mobility; people in employment hold onto positions and it is difficult to break into the
market;
thereisreducedscopeforimprovingthepositionofpeoplewhoaredisadvantagedinthelabourmarket
youngpeoplewithnopriorexperience,olderworkers,disabledpeople,ethnicminorities,peoplelacking
ineducationandskills.
Againstthisbackground,tobeeffective,Romania'sNationalEmploymentStrategymustbecoordinatedwithother
sectorial policies. The successful implementation of the strategy dependents upon progress under the
Competitiveness Challenge in generating increased demand for labour and must work alongside education
vocationaltrainingandsocialinclusionpolicies.

44
Highlighted in Commission Services Position Paper (October 2012) p6; National Reform Programme 201113 Progress Report (March 2013) p10, p10;
EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p6.

25
ProgressundertheInfrastructureandResourcesChallengesmayalsohelpinpromotinglabourmarketdemandin
the target areas, as well as creating the prerequisites for economic growth. Other factors, such as a more
favourable fiscal policy, could also help in achieving the set targets for employment, by bringing some of the
informaleconomytolight.
The importance of a high level of labour market participation and employment to sustainable development is
reflected in the Europe 2020 objective of a 75% employment rate by 2020. As part of its NRP, Romania has
assumedasanationaltargeta70%employmentrate(agegroup2064)by2020.Thistransformationwillrequire
a net increase in demand for labour of at least 10% and a considerable improvement of the position of young
people,womenandolderworkersintheRomanianlabourmarket.
RomaniaassumedtargetsthroughNRP Romaniacurrentsituation
Objective2020 UE27Targets(%)
(%) (%)
63.8(2012)
Employmentrate
75 70 71.4male
(agegroup2064)
56.3female
CountrySpecificRecommendations2013:
- tofightundeclaredwork;
- topromotetheemployabilityofolderworkers;
- to improve labour market participation, as well as employability and productivity of the labour force, by reviewing and
strengtheningactivelabourmarketpolicies,toprovidetrainingandindividualisedservicesandpromotinglifelonglearning;
- toenhancethecapacityoftheNationalEmploymentAgencytoincreasethequalityandcoverageofitsservices;
- tofightyouthunemployment,implementrapidlytheNationalPlanforYouthEmployment,includingforexamplethroughaYouth
Guarantee.

Agrossdeficiencyindemandforlabour
Romaniahasasignificantlyloweremploymentrate(63.8%forage2064in2012)comparedwiththeaveragefor
the EU27 (68.5%), although activity in the informal economy45 may mean that official figures understate actual
employment.Theinformaleconomyhasbeenestimatedasrepresentingasmuchas28.4%ofGDP46(2013)much
in the form of undeclared and informal work or underreporting of earnings by people identified as in
employment47.Asaresultofthecrisis,theemploymentratedecreasedby1.6%during2008to2012.
Unemployment remained relatively low during the recession, rising from 5.8% in 2008 to 7.4% in 2011 before
easing to 7.0% in 2012, some 2.5 percentage points below the EU average. However, this reflects a tendency of
long term unemployed people to migrate off the unemployment register into inactivity once the Government
unemploymentsupportfinishes.Some30%ofthepopulationinthe2064agerangeiseconomicallyinactive.
Boththeunemploymentandinactivityratesneedtobeconsideredinthecontextofthequalityofemploymentin
Romania.Justunderhalfofthe8.3mjobsintheeconomyaresalaried.Oftheremaining:
1.4m (17%) are unremunerated family members a category that is virtually nonexistent in the more
developedMemberStates;
2.1m (25%) are selfemployed this is a very high level of selfemployment relative to more developed
Member States and is more associated with subsistence agriculture and lack of alternatives than innate
enterpriseculture.
Thissituationisevenmorepronouncedinruralareaswhereselfemployedandunremuneratedfamilymembers
accounted for 42.6% of total employed population in 2012. Therefore, the support for nonagricultural activities
willleadtoeconomicgrowthinruralareasandincreaseofpopulationemployedinsecondaryandtertiarysectors.
Together, these phenomena are indicative a gross shortage of employment opportunities in the Romanian
economy. This has clear implications for feasibility of achieving Romania's 70% employment rate target and of
prosecuting progressive employment policies without an expansion of employment in Romania's less developed
regions.
There is a strong territorial character to the distribution of employment which follows the pattern of sectoral
activity revealed under the Competitiveness Challenge above. Disparities in the employment rate in Romania's
regionshavearangeof11.5%betweentheregionwiththehighestemploymentrate(NorthEast:64.9%in2012)
andthatwiththelowestemploymentrate(Centre:53.4%in2012).
Importantdisparitieswereregisteredalsobetweenunemploymentratesin2012amongRomania'sregions,witha
rangeof5.9%betweentheregionwiththehighestunemploymentrate(SouthEast:10.2%)andtheonewiththe
lowest(NorthEast:4.3%).However,itshouldbenotedthatregionswithhigherunemploymentrateswereoften

45
HighlightedinNationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p10;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReform
Programme(June2013)p6
46
EuropeanCommission,TaxreformsinEUMemberStates2013Report,Table4.7,p.78
47
Schneider,2012.

26
those with more dynamic labour markets and those with the lower unemployment rates dominated by the
unsalariedasidentifiedabove(i.e.NorthEastregion).Thelevelofemploymentandtheunemploymentratesdo
notcorrelatewiththedisparityandpovertyintheregions48.
The reduction in the employment rate through the recession was concentrated in rural areas, while urban
employmentcontinuedtogrow.
A trend analysis on the employment, during 20052012, shows decreases for the 20 to 64 years old rural
population(with1.2%,reaching65.7%in2012)andinparticularfortheprimaryandsecondaryeconomicactivity
sectors (with 2.6% in agriculture and 4,4% in industry and constructions), but also an increase by 14.5% in the
tertiarysector(services)employment.Therefore,thediscrepancybetweenRomaniaandtheEU27averageisstill
too high, requiring the engagement of Romania population in other sectors of the economy, than in agriculture,
giventhat30.5%ofpopulationwasemployedinagriculturein2012comparedtotheEU27averagewhichrecorded
5.2%inthesameyear.
AsregardspopulationemployedintheRomanianfoodindustry,in2011itrepresented2.1%(Eurostat)ofthetotal
employed population, this percentage being 34% below the new EU12 average of 2.8%. The ratio between
population employed in agriculture and the one employed in food industry is 12:1 (the highest in Europe), as
comparedtothenewEU12averageof5:1.
Asalreadystatedinthecompetitivenesssection,theincreaseofthecompetitivenessoftheagriculturalsectorwill
leadalsotosignificantlossofjobsmakingahighrequirementforabsorptionoflabourespeciallyamongtheyoung
andothersfromsubsistencefarms.
Certainfisheriesandcoastalareashavehighunemploymentrates,forexample,TeleormanCounty(10.04%,2012)
andGalai(9.14%).However,forthemostpart,unemploymentinfisheriesandcoastalareasisnotdistinctively
high.
Alackofenterpriseculture
Entrepreneurshipinthesenseofmotivationtoestablishandgrowabusinessasdistinctfromselfemployment
has important benefits, both economically and socially. It creates employment and wealth while contributing to
personalfulfilmentandtheachievementofsocialobjectives.InRomania,entrepreneurshipisstillweakandinrural
areasisalmostnonexistent.Inrecentresearch49,74%ofRomanianrespondentswouldprefertoopenabusiness,
comparedto8%whowouldliketobeemployed.Only25%ofrespondentshadinitiatedtheprocessofstartinga
business,thelowpercentagebeingexplainedbyanumberofbarriers,ofwhichthemostimportantare:difficulty
ofaccessingfinance(93%)andfearofgoingbankrupt(56%).Accordingtothestudy,aboutaquarterofRomanian
businesseshavedisbandedafterthreeyears.
Youngpeoplefacebarriersinbreakingintotheworkforce
SignificantdiscrepanciesbetweenRomaniaandEU27areregisteredintheemploymentrateamongyoungpeople
(aged1524).In2012,theaverageinRomaniawas9%lowerthantheEUaverage(23.9%inRomania,against32.9%
inEU27);foryoungwomen,thegapwas10.7%.
Moreover,in2012,theshareofyoungpeoplenotinemployment,education,ortraining(NEETs)50was3.6%above
the EU average (16.8% in Romania, against 13.2% in EU 27) and among young women was 18.6% compared to
13.5%inEU27.
Youngpeoplefacedifficultiesbreakingintostableemployment,foravarietyofreasons:
competitioninalabourmarketwherethereisanoverallshortageofemploymentopportunity;established
workersholdontopositions;
theirworkexperience,therelativelackofwhichplacesyoungpeopleatadisadvantageincompetitionwith
other workers. According to recruiters, 59% of employers cannot afford to hire young inexperienced
workers;
the level of education attained. However, those with good results still experience notably lower
employmentratesthantheirpeersacrossEurope;
lackofskillsrequiredbyemployers(thisreferstobothtechnicalandvocationalskillsaswellas"soft"skills
e.g. the ability to organize ones own work and learning process, cognitive skills, communication and
organizationalskills).

48
Furtherdetailedundersection3.1.5Geographicalareasmostaffectedbypoverty
49
Source:FlashEurobarometer354,2012,EntrepreneurshipintheEUandbeyond.
50
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p10,p10;
EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p6.

27
Thelabourmarketsituationofyoungpeoplehasdeterioratedthroughtheperiodoftheeconomiccrisis,withthe
unemploymentrateincreasingfrom18.6%in2008to22.7%in2012.However,thehighunemploymentratepre
recession reveals persistent difficulty of transition for young people in a labour market with a gross deficit in
employment opportunities. Reflecting territorial disparities, three regions will be eligible for Youth Employment
Initiative, having a youth unemployment rate higher than 25%: Centre (31.7%), SouthEast (31.3%) and South
Muntenia(30.2%).
Lowemploymentamongolderworkers
Romania'slowemploymentrateisstronglycorrelatedwithgenderandage51.
The employment rate decreases rapidly with age. Skills obsolescence and perceptions of reduced productivity
disadvantage older workers in competing in a labour market where there is a general shortage of employment
opportunities.In2012,theemploymentrateamongthoseaged5564stoodat41.4%,comparedwith63.8%inthe
2064agerange.Thisis7.5%lowerthantheEU27averageforthesameyear.Intermsofmajorstructuralchanges
inthelabourmarket,olderworkersareconsideredmorerigid tofluctuationsinthe market,consideringitmore
difficult to integrate them in the lifelong learning courses, retraining and therefore hardly to integrate on the
labourmarket.
Barriersfromtheperspectiveofemployers52:
productivityofolderworkersislowerthanthatofotheragegroups;
arelessorientedtonewtechnologiesandmoredifficulttoaccommodateinnewproductionprocesses.
Anotherpossibleproblem couldbethe greatestshareofolderworkersinsectorsfacingrestructuring measures,
makingthemmorevulnerabletounemploymentperspective.
Another apparent cause is the poor legislation on disability retirement limiting the right to work for certain
categoriesofdisabilitypensioners(seconddegreeofdisability).(Forthiscategory,legislationprohibitstherightto
workasopposedtothirddegreedisabilitywhichallowedtowork4hoursperday).
Itcanbenoticedthehighpercentageofelderlylabourforceinagriculture,wherepeopleover45yearsaremore
than50%ofthetotal(comparedto36.7%atnationallevelandpeopleover64years,almost15%(comparedto
4.5% national average). Basically, almost the entire employed population over 64 years (98.3%) is working in
agriculture,thiscategoryofworkershavingalowereducationlevel.
In terms of territoriality, there are notable regional disparities with 23.8% difference between BucharestIlfov
(32.4%) and NorthEast (56.1%). In part this reflects the relative stability of (self) employment in the agricultural
sector/ruralareas;salariedemploymentwhichismoreprevalentinurbanareasappearstobemoresubjecttoage
relateddisadvantage.
Low employment of older workers is a matter for concern when coupled with extended longevity, raising the
prospectofpovertyamongtheelderlyandincreasedpressureonthenationalsystemforsocialprotection.
Asignificantnumberoflongtermunemployed
Duringtheperiod20082011therewasacommontrendofincreasinglongtermunemploymentbothinRomania
andintheEU27,morepronouncedintheEU27.In2012,thelongtermunemploymentrateregisteredinRomania
was 3.2%, 1.4 pp below the EU27 average. To some extent the relatively low proportion of recorded longterm
unemploymentreflectsthelimiteddurationofunemploymentbenefitsinRomaniaandatendencyamongthose
whose benefits have expired to migrate into inactivity. In Romania, longterm unemployment is not seen to be
differentiatedbygenderbutratherbyagegroup.
In terms of territoriality, in 2011, SouthMuntenia and SouthEast regions recorded the highest number of long
term unemployed people, 64 thousand and 62 thousand respectively, and the NorthWest, the fewest, 28
thousandpeople.
Vulnerablegroupsaregrosslydisadvantagedinacompetitivelabourmarket
GiventhegeneralshortfallofjobsintheRomanianlabourmarket,groupsfacingparticulardisadvantagesstruggle
tocompete53.TheoverallpositionofvulnerablegroupsisexaminedunderSocialInclusionbelow;herethefocusis
limitedtoassessmentoftheirlabourmarketposition.
Romapeople54occupyaprecariouspositionintheRomanianlabourmarketexplainedbymultipledisadvantages
includinglowliteracy,educationandskillslevels,aswellasdiscriminationinthelabourmarket.In2011,theRoma

51
2013WorldBankReport:Europe2020Romania:Evidencebasedpoliciesforproductivity,employment,andskillsenhancement
52
Idem6
53
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6
54
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6

28
employmentratewasonly36%,whileafurther36%wereinsearchofajoband28%wereinactive55.Involvement
intheinformaleconomyishigh,however.OnlyoneintenRomahashadastablejobinthepasttwoyears,and
52%declarethattheyhaventfoundworkatalloverthatperiod.MostRomaemployedareownaccountworking
inunskilledoccupations;only1015%ofthemaresalaried.
AmongRomawomen,labourmarketparticipationisverylow,withonly27%beingemployedand36%declaringto
beinsearchofajob.Fromaveryyoungage,manyRomawomenhavechildcareresponsibilities.
Persons with disabilities. Approximately 1.4 million Romania people have limited work capacity (persons with
disabilities and persons with invalidity)56. Only 12.7% Romanian persons with disabilities were employed in June
2013,56%reportthattheyhaveneverworkedandtheemploymentrateisparticularlylowamongdisabledwomen
over50yearsold.ThisisanotablylowlevelofdisabledemploymentinEuropeantermsandunderlineshowlow
demandforlabourintheRomanianeconomyfurthermarginalisesthevulnerable.
Thesituationisexacerbatedbytheeducationsystemhavingfailedmanydisabledpeople,amongwhomattainment
in compulsory education is much below the average for the overall population. Accordingly this group faces a
doubledisadvantageinthelabourmarket.
Therefore, 20142020 ESI Funds should include both targeted and mainstreaming actions aiming to improve the
access to the labour market focusing mostly on: long term unemployed, inactive, women, older workers, Roma
people,disabledpeopleandpeoplewithlowlevelsofeducationandqualification,includingthosefromruralareas.
Alackofflexibilityandmobilityoflabour(betweendifferentRomanianregions)
Analysis of employment by region during 2008 2011 highlights significant differences in trends by region, as
follow:
theNorthEastregionrecordedthelargestincreaseinemployment,some88,100jobs,whichindicating
buoyant economic activity and a weak influence of the economic crisis, followed by the North West,
whichexperiencedanincreaseof48,900jobs;
SouthMunteniaregionrecordedthelargestabsolutedecreaseduringthesameperiodalossof131,200
jobs,indicatingtheexistenceofstructuralproblemsthatrequirespecificmeasures.
Despite the relative availability of employment in other regions, inactivity levels in the more depressed regions
tendedtogrow.Whilelocalandregionaldevelopmenthavetheobjectiveofincreasingemploymentopportunities
inallregions,partofthesolutiontoRomania'sregionalunemploymentislikelytolieinincreasingmobilityof
workerstopursueopportunitiesoutsidetheircurrentareaofresidence.Thishasbeenacommonandvoluntary
trend among the young and well skilled, as witness the extent of international migration in the past decade.
Howeverolderworkers,thelessskilledandthosewithfamilycommitmentsaremoresubjecttobarriersthattie
themtoareasoflowopportunity:lackoftransferableskills,lackoffinancialresources,accesstohousing,concerns
aboutcareandeducationofdependents.
Thus, 20142020 ESI Funds should comprise actions aiming to enhance the mobility of labour force such as
providing mobility and relocation bonuses; providing vocational training for developing the skills required for
growth potential sectors or the traditional sectors with potential to growth and also facilitating the transition of
labour force for subsistence agriculture to nonagricultural activities or assessment and recognition of
competencesobtainedinnonformalandinformalcontexts.
Overcomingmismatchofsupplyanddemandforskills
Complex changes in the Romanian economy mean that a different mix of workforce skills will be needed in the
future57. This is manifest in the opening of skills gaps early in the economic recovery with shortages of skilled
workers are identified, particularly in areas of manufacturing and agrofood with growth potential. Recent
research58indicatesparticularshortagesinoccupationsforwhichTVETtypequalificationsareneeded.Themajority
of current vacancies at the time of study required such qualifications, with notable demand in the textile and
leather,mechanicalengineeringandconstructionindustries.
The analysis under the Competitiveness Challenge above highlighted existing trends in sectoral growth and the
conversionanticipatedinfuture.
Newbusinessstartups,entrepreneurshipandSMEsareidentifiedundertheCompetitivenessChallengeasoffering
significant potential for growth, but also contributing in the same time at the increasing employment rate and
gainingentrepreneurshipskills.

55
Tarnovschi(ed.),2012,SOPHRDProject
56
MinistryofLabour,Family,SocialProtectionandElderly
57
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p7.
58
CEDEFOP,2011.

29
Thesecomplextrendshaveimplicationsforalignmentoftheeducationsystem,includingLifelongLearningwiththe
needsofthefutureworkplaceandthisisconsideredbelowunderEducationsection.Foremploymentpolicy,these
same trends place a premium on facilitating effective job transitions, labour mobility and adaptation as the
Romanianeconomymovestowardsahigherproductivityandhigherskillsequilibrium.
Therefore, the 20142020 allocations should focus on developing skills of LTU, inactive, those with low level of
educationandqualifications,particularlyinvolvedinsubsistence agriculture.Theskillsdevelopmentshouldbein
linewiththeneedsofgrowthpotentialcompetitivesectorsaswellaswiththosetraditionalsectorswherethereis
potential to grow, to increase added value or to sustain activity in the medium term by increasing the
competitivenessthroughinnovationandmarketdevelopment.
Lowadministrativecapacityofthepublicemploymentservice
Thechangesinthesocioeconomiccontextandinthestructureofthelabourmarkethaveresultedinanincreased
number of job seeking and unemployed clients for the PES and increased demand for PES services, particularly
information and guidance, mediation and vocational training. However, a continuous decline in investments in
active employment measures from 0.16% of GDP in 2003 to 0.02% in 2011 has reduced the scale and quality of
servicesprovided59.
Moreover, following the adoption of new regulations facilitating access to employment for certain categories of
persons facing employment difficulties, the functions and tasks of the PES increased. In addition, the budget
constraintsandthemeasuresadoptedinthecontextoftheglobalfinancialandeconomiccrisishaveresultedina
reductionofthePESstaffby40%intheperiod20082010.Thissituationforcedtheterritorialagenciestofunction
withminimumpersonnel.Thus,ofthe42countyagenciesandBucharest,18agencieshavelessthan40employees,
18 between 40 and 50 employees, only 6 of them are functioning with more than 50 employees. This situation
affectedalsotheemploymentbranchescoveringtheentirecountry,whichwerereducedfrom167to158(during
20092013),thesesubunitsbeinginthesituationofcoveringlargeareasinwhichthemovementofbeneficiariesis
difficult and resource consuming. At territorial level, each employee of the PES who is in direct contact with
recipientsandotherunemployedpeoplehastoprovideemploymentservicesonaverageto825people/year.This
will require an appropriate investment in capacity building of the PES employee in order to provide effective
employmentmeasures.AstrategicandmultifacetedapproachisneededtobettermatchPESserviceswithclient
needs. Strengthening administrative capacity of PES and assuring an adequate level of resources for active
measuresiscrucialinordertoincreasethequalityandthepersonalizationoftheservicesoffered60byPESandto
improvetheireffectiveness.Therefore,20142020allocationsshouldfocusonincreasingthecapacityofPESinthe
fieldoflabourmarketanalysisandforecasting,ofprovidingpersonalizedservicesandactiveandpreventivelabour
market measures at an early stage, which are open to all jobseekers while focusing on people at highest risk of
social exclusion, including people from marginalized communities, as well as of providing better services to
employers.Also,ESIFundsinvestmentsshouldsupportdevelopingpartnershipswithprivateemploymentservices,
educationalauthorities,employers,socialpartnersandNGOsinanticipatingtheLMneedsandinensuringabetter
skillmatching.
Maindevelopmentneeds
Informed by the findings of the analysis of Development Challenges and the SWOT Analysis (Annex I), the
identifieddevelopmentneedsarealsoinlinewiththefirstresultsoftheNationalStrategyforEmployment2014
2020,NationalCompetitivenessStrategyaswellaswiththeYouthGuaranteeImplementationPlan20142015.
According to the weight of the problem, the main development needs in the field of employment and labour
mobilityare:
Increasingemploymentopportunities;
Sustainableintegrationintothelabourmarketofyoungpeoplenotinemployment,educationortraining
(NEETs);
Accesstoemploymentforjobseekersandinactivepeople,focusingonolderworkers(5564y.o),Roma,
disabledandothervulnerablegroups;
Reduceregionalandterritorialdisparitiesandenhancelabourmobility;
Improvealignmentofemploymentandworkforcedevelopmentserviceswiththechangingneedsofthe
labourmarket;
Diversificationoftheruraleconomy,bypromotingthecreationanddevelopmentofbusinessesandjobs,
outsideagriculture;
59
NationalAgencyforEmployment
60
HighlightedinEuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p6.

30
 Diversifyingthefisheriesandaquacultureeconomyinordertoattractemploymentandbusinesscreation
inthefield;
ModernizingthePESsystemandstrengtheningitsadministrativecapacitytodeliveractive/personalized
employment (such as career path, counselling, mentoring, training, job search, job matching etc) and
preventiveemploymentmeasures,includingbyapartnershipapproach.
Socialinclusionandpoverty
General
Inspiteofprogressoverthepasttwodecades,Romaniaremainssubjectto:
extensivepovertyandsocialexclusion;
highlevelsofdeprivationinruralareasandurbanpocket;
socialproblemsandantisocialbehaviour,whichparticularlyaffectthepooranddeprived;
lowqualityandunequalaccesstohealthandsocialservices.
Povertyandsocialexclusion,whichpredominantlyaffectRomania'slessdevelopedregions,havetheirrootsin61:
thelowlevelofeconomicactivity;
thehighdependenceuponlowproductivesubsistenceagriculture,fisheriesandrelatedactivities;
unsustainabilityofpastmodelsforregionaldiversification,leadingtodeindustrialisationandmigration.
A fundamentally poor situation has been exacerbated by the impact of the financial and economic crisis, which
during the period 20082011 has seen a trend of improvement in the proportion of the population at risk of
poverty and social exclusion (AROPE)62 from 44.2% in 2008 to 40.3% in 2011 stagnate and unfortunately more
recentlyreversed63to41.7%in2012.
Although policies, legal provisions, and responsibilities for counterexclusion and poverty alleviation actions are
established, local authorities lack the human and material resources to address these phenomena. Community
basedservicesareunderdeveloped;thepotentialcontributionofsocialeconomymodelsisunderexploited.
Publicinvestmentisjustifiedoneconomicgroundsaswellasbysocialjustice.Socialandeconomicexclusionhasa
highcostforRomaniaintermsofunrealisedhumanpotential.Itrepresentsasignificantburdenonpublicfinances
that will grow in future as Romania transitions towards the EU mainstream in terms of social provision.
Nevertheless, sustainable solutions depend heavily upon progress under the Competitiveness Challenge outlined
above.
ExtensivePovertyandSocialExclusion
Objective2020 UE27targets RomaniaassumedtargetsthroughNRP Romaniacurrentsituation(2012)

Reductionofpopulationatriskofpoverty
20,000,000 580,000 240,000
orsocialexclusion

CountrySpecificRecommendations2013:
- to pursue health sector reforms to increase its efficiency, quality and accessibility, in particular for disadvantaged people and
remoteandisolatedcommunities
- toalleviatepoverty
- toimprovetheeffectivenessandefficiencyofsocialtransferswithaparticularfocusonchildren
- tocompletethesocialassistancereformbyadoptingtherelevantlegislationandstrengtheningitslinkwithactivationmeasures
- tospeedupthetransitionfrominstitutionaltoalternativecareforchildrendeprivedofparentalcare
- toensureconcretedeliveryoftheNationalRomaIntegrationStrategy

In2012,124,5millionpeople,or24.8%oftheEU27populationwereatriskofpovertyorsocialexclusion,defined
asshareofthepopulationaffectedbyoneormoreof:
incomebelowthepovertythreshold;
livinginasituationofseverematerialdeprivation;
livinginahouseholdwithaverylowworkintensity.
With41.7%ofthepopulationfallingwithinthisdefinition,RomaniahasthesecondhighestAROPErateintheEU64.
UndertheNationalReformProgramme,RomaniaaimstoreduceitsAROPEpopulationby580,000(c.6.51%ofthe
2012level)by2020asitscontributiontotheEuropewideEU2020target.

61
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6.
62
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p17;European
CouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p6.
63
Eurostat,December2013
64
Eurostat.

31
In terms of territoriality, poverty has a significant spatial character. BucharestIlfov has the lowest incidence;
poverty is almost twice as prevalent in the Northeast and Southeast. Significantly higher shares of people faced
with the risk of poverty or social exclusion are found in rural areas and small towns, mostly in the Northeast,
Southeast, Southwest Oltenia and SouthMuntenia regions. More than 71% of the Romanian poor live in rural
communities.Between2005and2011,thegreatestprogressinreducing povertywasrecordedinthree regions:
Central, Bucharestllfov and Southwest Oltenia; in South East and West regions its extent was changed only
marginally.
Monoindustrialareasaffectedbyindustrialrestructuringareexperiencingpronouncedageinganddepopulation;
isolated settlements located in mountain regions and along the Danube corridor have the same negative
demographictrend,mainlybecauseoftheirgeographicalcharacteristicslimitingaccesstojobs.
Inruralareas,povertyisassociatedwithlackofmodernizationandeconomiclifedominatedbyagriculture.Since
1990,concentrationsofpovertyhaveformedintheurbancentresinareasofpoorhousing.Furtherdifferentiating
factorsinurbanpovertyarethemonetaryincomedependenceofcity/inhabitants,thesegregationofcommunities
inhousingandgreateruseofsocialservices.
Targetgroups
Thegroupsmostaffectedbypovertyandsocialexclusion65areasfollows:
Childrenrepresentasignificantvulnerablegroup.
ChildrenandyouthfrompoorfamiliesSome320,000children(017years)werelivinginextremepovertyin2010.
Children in rural areas and Roma children are the most affected. The urban child poverty rate in 2010 was only
3.5% but in rural areas was 12.4%. Rates are significantly higher for Roma children: 27.3% for Roma children in
urbanareas,comparedwith2%forRomanianchildren,and41.1%comparedto10.6%inruralareas.
Children in residential or familybased child care institutions66. Integrating young people in the society in view of
activeliving,aswellasenablingtheirentirepotentialtoensurethequalityofliferepresentessentialelementsfor
reducingtheriskofsocialexclusionandprovidingthepremisesforsustainabledevelopment.InNovember2011,
there were registered 1,432 children aged 1618, about to leave the child protection system and 1,541 young
people18+atriskofexclusion
ChildrenwithparentsworkingabroadAttheendof2011therewere83,658childreninthissituation.Most,but
notallofthesechildren,arerelativelywelloffinmaterialterms,butmaybesubjecttoemotionaldeprivationthat
harms their development. Lack of parental care and supervision may have serious effects on personality
development,qualityofnutritionandperformanceinschool,includingdropoutrates.
Singleparenthouseholdsandhouseholdswiththreeormorechildren.Whilsttherelativepovertyrateofchildless
households has dropped slightly in recent years, in households with children it has risen. Among these, in 2013
were registered singleparent families (51,776 families, representing around 20% beneficiaries) and households
withthreeormorechildren(50,425householdsofwhich29,035withbothparents)arefacedwithariskofpoverty
thatis1.52timesgreater.
Most single parents (83% female, 17% male) are of Romanian origin and have a mediumlow level of education.
However,despitetherelativelyhighrateofemployment(64%)theirincomesarelow.Forsingleparentswhowork,
balancebetweenworkandfamilylife,especiallychildsupervisionandsupportnecessaryforschoolarevitalissues.
Peoplewhoarejoblessorwhohavelowincomes67.Forworkingagepopulation,unemploymentisthemaincause
of poverty. In 2011 the monthly unemployment rate for the active population aged 1564 was 7.7%. The risk of
povertyintheunemployedisalmostsixtimeshigher(andrising)thaninemployees.Duringthecrisis,thenumber
ofsalariedworkershasdroppedbymorethan15%ornearly730,000people.Peoplelivinginhouseholdswithvery
lowworkintensityaccountfor7.4%ofthepopulationin2012andalmostoneintenchildrenandoneintenpeople
aged1859liveinhouseholdswherenoonehasajob.Evenso,employmentdoesnotalwaysprovideawayoutof
poverty.AccordingtoEurostat,theinworkpovertyrateinRomaniain2012isthehighestinEurope:inworkat
riskofpovertyratebyeducationlevel51.2%(comparedtotheEU28,18.1%),inworkatriskofpovertyrate19.1%
(compared to EU 28, 9.2%) and in work atriskofpoverty rate by household type 22.2% (compared to EU 28,
12.8%). At the same time, selfemployed farmers face an even higher poverty risk than the jobless. It has been
estimated that 31% of the employed persons work in the informal sector, many in unstable jobs, seasonal or
temporary employment that provides low and irregular incomes (often in kind) and most households are facing

65
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6.
66
NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p10,p18;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReform
Programme(June2013)p7.
67
Source:MinistryofLabour,Family,SocialProtectionandElderly,ASocioEconomicAnalysisforthe20142020StructuralFundsProgrammingPeriodSocial
AffairesandSocialInclusion,2012

32
fuelpoverty.Thistypeofunstableemploymentisoftenallthatisaccessibletovulnerablegroups,andcompounds
theirexclusion,notbeingcoveredbythesocialinsurance,healthandunemploymentinsurancesystems.Another
category is represented by homeless people; most of the people become homeless when leaving placement
centresoranotherinstitution(eitheruponturning/completingtheireducationorinothercircumstances),orafter
losing their house. According to administrative data, in 2011 the number of marginalised persons (including
homeless)withoutahouse/apartment,ownedorrentedis41,085.
Elderlypeople.InRomaniathemajorityofdependentelderlyareinthecareoftheirfamily.However,peopleaged
65+wholivealone,accountfor4.2%ofthepopulationandareconsideredavulnerablegroup,especiallyinterms
of access to health and social services. The share of 65+ population has already increased to 16.1% in 2011,
comparedto11%in1992anditwillreachover26%in206068.Oneimportantaspecttobetakenintoaccountisthe
statisticalindicatorshowingtheoldagedependencyratio;infactreportingthepercentageofoldagedpopulation
65 and above to the active age population, aged 1564. The old age dependency ratio was 21.3%69, but the
prognosisisofconstantandconsistentgrowth:25.7%(31.4%EU)in2020,30.2%(38.3%EU)in2030,40.7%(45.5%
EU)in2040,53.8%(50.2%EU)in2050,64.8%(50.2%EU)in2060.
According to the population change projections for the interval 2008 2060 regarding Member States and for
NorwayandSwitzerland,Romaniaissituatedamongthelastfourcountrieshavingthelowestfigures,respectively
anegativepopulationchangeof25%70.
In September 2013, the number of pensioners was 5,234,769 out of which 4,681,705 were pensioners of state
social insurance (89.92%) and 553,064 elderly farmers pensioners (10.78%). For the pensioners of state social
insurance,theaveragemonthlypensionis811RON(around180euro),respectively328RON(around73euro)71for
thesecondcategory.
Careservices(nursinghomes,respitecentres,daycarecentres),medicalcareservices,andofhomebasedsocial
servicesfordependentpeopleareallunderdeveloped.
In 2012, there were 203 residential centres for elderly, out ofwhich 108 public services and 95 administered by
NGOs.Thetotalnumberofbeneficiariesinpublicandprivateresidentialcentresisabout9542persons(thecurrent
averageofbeneficiariespercentreis45).Eventhoughtheaccentinthecurrentlegislationistomaintainpeoplein
theirhomesasmuchaspossibleandtodevelophomecareservices,thereisalsoanecessitytohaveresidential
care(smallscalewithmaximum50beneficiariespercentre)forthosecaseswhichrequirelongtermcareservices,
especiallyelderlypersonswithahigherdegreeofdependency.
Often home care is provided in an informal manner by family members who burden the household income and
relationships. Romania is confronted with the migration phenomenon, being the main exporter of active age
individuals,includinginthefieldoflongtermcareprovidedmainlyintheWesternEUcountries.Havinginviewthe
insufficientcapacityofexistingservicesfortheelderly,thereisalsothenecessitytofinancesettingupcommunity
basedcareservices.

Romapeople72.TwothirdsofRomaliveinpovertyandhalfofthemareexposedtoextremepoverty.Whilesome
619,000people(3.2%ofthepopulation)73aredeclaredRoma,socialresearchbynationalandinternationalbodies
suggestsanactualnumberofRomathatismuchhigher.
LowparticipationineducationisamajorcauseofpovertyamongtheRomapopulation:
82.4%ofRomachildrenofschoolageattendschool;
6.9% have interrupted their education (85.7% of their parents cite povertyrelated factors lack of
resources for the collateral costs of education, or the necessity for the child to partake in income
generating activities for the household; only 14% declared that school dropout is due to the lack of
importanceofeducation);
8.9% have never been enrolled in the education system (69.2% of parents cite a lack of resources for
clothingandshoes;7.7%thatthechildrenhadtogetinvolvedinincomegeneratingactivities7.7%,or
hadtoparticipateinprimarycarefortheiryoungersiblings7.7%);
Romagirlsfacedisproportionatelyhighrisksofearlyschoolleavingandearlymotherhood.

68
NationalStatisticsInstitute,2013,Romaniapopulationprojections:2060Horizon
69
EUROSTAT
70
EUROSTAT,EUROPOP2008convergencescenario
71
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/images/buletin_statistic/pensii_trim_III_2013.pdf
72
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6,p10;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme
(June2013)p6.
73
Census2011.

33
MorethanhalfofadultRomahavenotcompletedtheminimumcompulsorylevelofeducation.Asaresulttheyare
noteligibleforcertificatedvocationaltrainingcourses.
Low educational attainment, combined with discrimination, leads to large disparities in labour market outcomes
andinextremelylowproductivityrates.Some38%ofRomaworkasunskilled,32%skilledoccupations(workers,
vendors,traders),9%areworkersinagricultureand13%traditionalRomaoccupations.
For a better complementarity of funds allocation and for obtaining a more effective/integrated approach (e.g.
education,housing,communitycarecentres,employmentetc.)inimplementingsocialinclusionprojects,Romania
considers the opportunity to establish a single body, with a key role in the managements of ESF, both under
targetedor mainstreaminginterventions.Inordertoensure thesynergies withotherfunds,especiallyERDFand
EAFRD, this body will be involved in the evaluation committees for social inclusion interventions financed under
ROPandNRDP.
Personswithdisabilities.In2013,thenumberofpersonswithdisabilitiesinRomaniawas700,736,aratioof3.71
personsper100inhabitants74.Ofthese,61,043(8.8%)arechildrenunder18and639,693areadults(91.2%).The
vastmajority(683,921,97.6%)75areinthecareoftheirfamiliesand/orarelivinganindependentlife.
Asnotedabove,personswithdisabilitiesaregrosslydisadvantagedinthelabourmarket.Noadequatesupportfor
entrepreneurship/other forms of support (e.g. such as sheltered employment) for persons with disabilities is
available.
Moreover,theyareconfrontedwithlimitedaccesstohealthandsocialserviceswhicharenotwelladaptedtotheir
special needs or their financial capacity. Persons with disabilities have limited access to quality health care,
includingtoroutinemedicaltreatment.
Peoplesufferingfromaddictions,thoseaffectedbydomesticviolence,humantraffickingandpersonsdeprived
oflibertyoronprobation.Romaniafacesincreasingproblemswithdrugmisuse,whichispartiallycorrelatedwith
other poverty and deprivation factors. The highest rates of misuse are in the poorest regions (Northeast and
Southeast). Drug use is 2.5 more frequent in boys than in girls. The use of multiple substances and injecting is
increasing. The incidence of HIV, HCV and HBV among drug users has increased. Hospital admissions from
substance misuse have followed an upward trend in recent years, considerably exceeding in 2010 the previous
recordhighfrom2001.
Fortheentireperiodof20042011therewasanincreasingtrendinrecordeddomesticviolence,officialstatistics
showinganumberofapproximately82,000casesofdomesticviolence(and800deaths),yetsociologicalstudies76
estimatealifetimeincidenceofnearly20%inwomen.Alcoholism,poverty,socialisationinaviolentenvironment
andpatriarchalfamilypatternareconsideredtobedistinctivefactorsindomesticviolenceinRomania.
Romaniannationalsfeatureprominentlyamongthevictimsofhumantrafficking,primarilyforsexualexploitation,
identifiedinotherEUMemberStates77.ThenumberofidentifiedvictimsinRomaniahasincreasedsince2009and
is attributed in part to the economic crisis pushing unemployed people to take greater risks78. Women, (mainly
those aged between 14 and 26 years) are more vulnerable to trafficking in human beings than men. Average
education(lowersecondary,vocationalorhighschool)andmaterialandfinancialpovertyaretriggeringfactorsfor
exploitationandtrafficking.
Attheendof2012,31,817personswereheldindetentionfacilitiescountrywide,2,185fromthembeingminors
and young persons, detained in specialized prisons or juvenile detention centres79. These numbers have been
increasing in recent years. As regards adult prisoners, 89% have a final conviction, the majority of them being
sentenced to 15 years. Less than a quarter of adult prisoners had completed a professional or vocational
qualification prior to their detention. Resources are insufficient to ensure that all prisoners and those who have
servedcustodialsentencesareinvolvedingoodqualityrehabilitativeactions.
Alternatives to detention community service, probation are in a reform process but the social exclusion of
offenders and exoffenders is still high influencing their probability of reoffending. At the end of 2013, 20,744
convictedpersonswereregisteredwithinthefilesofprobationservicesand7765pretrial/presententialreports
were drafted by the probation counsellors at the request of prosecutors or courts. Those who have served a
custodial sentence or on probation are facing discrimination in terms of equal access to education, housing,
employment and often may find their opportunities restricted to informal work. Therefore, it is essential to be

74
DirectoratefortheProtectionofPersonswithDisabilities,June2013.
75
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j3/images/buletin_statistic/hand_sem_I_2013.pdf
76
Gallup Organization (2003) Survey on Violence Against Women in Bucharest; national CURS survey conducted in 2008, as part of the CEEX project No
8687/2006,coordinatedbyNILM.
77
UNODC,2009,GlobalReportonTraffickinginPersons
78
NationalAgencyagainstTraffickinginPersons
79
NationalAdministrationofPenitentiaries,2013.

34
considered as one of the beneficiaries of the integrated measures with the final aim of achieving their social
inclusion.
Deinstitutionalization
One of the major reforms assumed by the social assistance system after 1989 has been the closing down of big
institutionsanddevelopingsmallscaleandcommunitybasedservices.
Thesocialservicessystemwasorganizedinadecentralizedway,alltheservicesbeingprovidedatthelocallevelby
publicprovidersorprivateproviders:NGOsandreligious(privatenonprofitproviders)oreconomicoperators,in
special conditions regulated by special law (to be regulated in the future by secondary legislation). Therefore, in
Romaniahasbeendevelopedamixedsocialservicesmarket.
Typeofcentres:InDecember2012,therewere1,210publicresidentialservicesand356privateservicesproviders
for children at risk of separation from the family or separated from the family. These services include: classic
residentialcentres(120),modulatedresidentialcentres(102),apartments(444),familytypehome(711),maternal
centres(61)andemergencyreceptioncentres(63),otherservices(suchasservicesforindependentlife,dayand
nightshelters:61).Anumberof387residentialservicesareforchildrenwithdisabilities.Thenumberofchildren
withdisabilitiesprotectedintheseserviceswasof8,511attheendof2012.80Childreninresidentialorfamilytype
childcareservices.Throughthedevelopmentoffamilytypeservices,thenumberofchildreninpublicandprivate
placementcentreshasreducedbymorethan50%tostandat22,532inJune2013.Additionally,attheendof2012,
some17,746childrenbenefitedfromdaycarecentresand28,044childrenfromotherservicesfortheprevention
ofchildabandonment.Intotal,45,790childrenandmotherswerebenefitingfromcounsellingandsupportservices
for parents, family planning services, prenatal monitoring services, etc. provided in day care centres and other
preventiveservices.
Fromthetotalnumberofpeoplewithdisabilities,2.4%(16,815)liveinpublicoraccreditedprivatesocialassistance
specialised residential care institutions. From available administrative data, in January 2014, there were 332
residentialinstitutionsinRomania,outofwhich38withacapacityofover100bedseach.Thenumberofprivate
residentialserviceshasdecreasedoverthepast5yearswithprivateprovisionnowprimarilyconcentratedinthe
moredevelopedregions.Inordertoextenddeinstitutionalisation,furthersupporttoestablishcommunitybased
alternativeservicesisneeded.
Therefore, for 20142020 programming period, Romania commits to focus on the transition from large scale,
inefficientresidentialcentrestocommunitybasedservices(e.g.:protectedhomes,familyhomes,domiciliarycare,
daycare centres, integrated social and health community services, respite centres etc.), which are still
underdeveloped.
Prioritisationandimplementation
AllocationofsupportforsocialinclusiontargetgroupsfromdomesticandESIFundswilltakeaccountof:
therelativescaleofthetargetgroupsandtheirterritorialdispersal.
therelativecostandpotentialforpositiveoutcomesfrominterventioninthedifferenttargetgroups.
thelongtermavoidedpubliccostfromtreatingdifferenttargetgroups.
commitmentsundertheNationalReformProgrammeandtotheEurope2020Strategy.
Implementation will be informed by the priorities of the relevant National Strategies and the findings of related
needs mapping, including the National Strategy for the Promotion of Social Inclusion and Combating Poverty,
National Strategy for Child Rights Protection and Promotion; National Strategy for Elderly and Active Ageing,
StrategyoftheGovernmentofRomaniafortheinclusionoftheRomaniancitizensbelongingtotheRomaminority
fortheperiod20122020.
Inordertogeneratepositiveoutcomes,implementationwillencompassintegratedactionsbyinvolvingdifferent
partners from the public, private and NGOs and will address in an individualized manner the needs of the
individuals.
Socialproblemsandantisocialbehaviour
Romaniansocietyisadverselyaffected byarangeofsocialproblemsandantisocialbehaviours.Theseissuesare
stronglybutnotexclusivelycorrelatedwithpovertyandwithdeprivedareas.
Although present to some extent in all locations and strata of Romanian society, the above and other social
problems,antisocialbehavioursandrelatedcriminalactivityhaveaparticularincidenceindeprivedareasandarea
furtherblightonlivingconditions.Effortstoovercometheseproblemsarehamperedbyinadequatecoverageby
socialservicesandspecialistagencies,particularlyinruralareas,andbylimitedcapacityandlackofspecialistskills

80
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j3/images/buletin_statistic/statistica%20copii%20%2031.12.2012.pdf

35
among personnel involved in providing social services. Weak organisation, operating procedures and ICT
infrastructurearefurtherconstrainingfactors.
SOCIALASSISTANCESYSTEM
Socialservices
Social services in Romania are organized at the level of local authorities, in a decentralised manner. Local
authoritieshavefinancialautonomyandareresponsibleforthedevelopmentandmanagementofsocialservices.
Withinthesocialservicessystem,therearepublicandprivateprovidersoperatinginaregulatedframeworkunder
asystemofaccreditation,inlinewithgeneralandspecificqualitystandards.
ThemonitoringprocessledbytheEuropeanCommission81hashighlightedthatRomaniahasgreatlyimprovedthe
systemofsocialservices,butitisstilllaggingbehindmanyEUMemberStatesintermsofemploymentinthesector
(4% versus 9.6% in the EU). The application of current legislation concerning the development of primary social
servicesishinderedbylackofflexibleformsofemployment(forexample,parttime),averyreducedshareofsocial
serviceexpenditureintheGDP(RomaniaranksbottomintheEUforthisindicator),andtheheadcountandtraining
ofhumanresources.
The number of social workers in Romanian is nearly 5,000 active social workers (almost 3,500 of which are
registeredwiththeNationalCollegeofSocialWorkers)).AccordingtoLawno.292/2011,onesocialworkershould
provide services to not more than 300 beneficiaries. From a population of 21,5 million inhabitants, 40.3% (2011
data)areatriskofpovertyandsocial exclusion,representing8,66million people.Therefore,thecurrentratiois
onesocialworkerprovidingservicesto1,732beneficiaries,showingthelackofhumanresourcesinthesystem.
In general, at community level, identification and early intervention services and referral systems for the most
vulnerablegroupsarepoorlydevelopedorcompletelymissing.Cooperationbetweendifferentsectorsandservices
is relatively limited. There are no mechanisms of coordination between competent ministries/institutions.
Prevailingsocialattitudesandpracticesthatfosterdiscriminationandtolerancetowardnegativebehavioursadd
moreobstaclestoidentificationandreferral.
A recent commissioned study82 concludes that the social protection system is still faced with many gaps and
inconsistencies,beingunevenlydevelopedespeciallyinruralareas.
Thedevelopmentofsocialservicesinthecommunityiscorrelatedwiththeneedtoaddresstheissuesrelatedto
vulnerablegroups.
ThemajorityofCommunitybasedservicesareorganizedundertheresponsibilityofthelocalauthoritiesasthey
areclosertocitizensandtheirneeds.Theyarealsoresponsiblefortheelaborationandimplementationofsocial
inclusion plans. At the same time, the community based centres are meant to cover the need of integrated
services, as well as to encourage volunteering activities (in the field of social assistance and social inclusion),
throughprovidinganorganizedenvironmentwherevolunteeringprogramscouldbedeveloped,inconnectionwith
theneedsidentifiedatthecommunitylevel.
Socialbenefits
Thoughtargetedatarelativelyhighnumberofbeneficiaries,socialbenefitshaveasmallshareintotalexpenditure
on social protection and low actual net values to the individuals which explains their limited impact on poverty
reduction, social inclusion and protection of vulnerable groups. The intervention on reducing the risk of social
exclusionandpoverty continuestobecentredonsocialbenefits(theguaranteed minimumincome, coldseason
heating benefits, childrens allowance, family benefits), without the complementary services of developing and
implementingpreventionandcounsellingsocialservices,oflifeskilldevelopment,jobfindingassistance,etc.The
development and delivery of these services require investments in the systems and infrastructure as well as the
skillsandcompetenciesoftheprofessionalsworkinginthefield.
In order to ensure an efficient administration of the social assistance benefits at delivery and decisionmaking
levels,amodernandflexibleITsystemisneeded.TheSAFIRapplicationhasbeencreatedinordertoautomateand
manage the operations and the information associated with the social assistance benefits provided by the
MoLFSPE.AlthoughtheSAFIRholdsalotofdataandthemainsocialbenefitsarebeingmanagedthroughit,SAFIR
requiresfurtherdevelopmentofthesystemforbetterpolicydecisionanddatamining,aswellasforcheckingfor
reducing error, fraud and corruption. Investment in a complex esocial assistance system would allow automatic
crosschecking with different relevant databases (public finances electronic database, agriculture electronic
registry,employmentandpensionselectronicregistry,aswellascivilelectronicregistry)andbyimplementingitat
81
RomaniahastosubmittwiceayeartotheEuropeanCommissionadministrativeandstatisticalinformationalongsidemonitoringreportsonsocialservice
developmentsbasedontheEuropeanCommissionRecommendationontheactiveinclusionofpeopleexcludedfromthelabourmarket(2008).
82
MinistryofLabour,Family,SocialProtectionandElderly,ASocioEconomicAnalysisforthe20142020StructuralFundsProgrammingPeriodSocialAffairs
andSocialInclusion,2012.

36
the local authorities level, it would facilitate beneficiary access to information, benefits and services, provide
simplified procedures, avoid overlapping schemes to reduce administrative and beneficiaries costs, prevent and
reduce error, fraud and corruption. This would imply an upgrading of the SAFIR system, a rollout to local
authoritiesandotherstructures,andthetrainingofthepersonnelinusingthesystem.
Thesocialeconomy
Oneofthemostimportantissuesregardingtheroleofsocialeconomyatsocietylevelistheabilityofthesectorto
find innovative solutions to economic, social and environmental challenges by creating and developing jobs,
implementing social inclusion activities/actions, improving services at local level, fighting against poverty and
community development83. Social economy aims at increasing employment opportunities for Roma people,
persons with disabilities or other vulnerable groups exposed to the risk of social exclusion by developing social
economyenterprisesandusingtheexistinglabourforceatlocallevelandespeciallyindisadvantagedareaswhich
isunemployedduetoaverysmallrangeofemploymentopportunities.
Currently,thefollowingentitieshavebeenidentifiedasdevelopingsocialeconomyactivities:
cooperatives,associationsandNGOsdeliveringgoodsandservicesonanotforprofitbasis,includingretail
services where the commercial market is less than fully functional and organisations delivering public
serviceslocallyundercontract;
creditunions,providingmicrofinancialservices;
authorizedprotectedunits,functioningasbusinesses,butwhereatleast30%oftheworkforceisdisabled.
Thesocialeconomyemployedover100,000peopleatendof2010,representing1.1%ofallemploymentandabout
1.7%ofsalariedemploymentinRomania.84.ThedraftLawforsocialeconomyinRomaniawasrecentlyadoptedby
the Government and sent to the Parliament. However, its application will require an extensive effort to build
capacities in this sector and to promote and support the social economy structures including the investment in
equipmentandinfrastructure.
Nevertheless,manylegalandpracticalimpedimentsconstrainthepotentialcontributionthatsocialeconomycan
make to local development and to combating social exclusion, notably lack of legal framework at EU level.
Nevertheless,thereislimitedknowledgeaboutsocialentrepreneurshipandconstrainedaccesstofinance.
Thefinancingofsocialeconomyentitiesshouldbecombinedwithadequatecounsellingandtrainingforthesocial
entrepreneurs.Limitedsuccesswasachievedduringthe20072013periodastheconceptwasnewandthelegal
basis undeveloped. Nevertheless, a number of achievements were made in terms of both raising the awareness
andpossibilitiesofsocialenterpriseandinmoreconcretetermsthecreationofjobs.
Takingintoaccounttheavailabilityofthenewlypreparedlegalframework,aswellofthefactthattheestablished
needforsocialenterprisesforthecurrentfinancialexercisemightnotbecovered,aswellastherelevantrolein
creatingnewjobs,asprovedfor20072013period,thereisjustifiedcontinuingthedevelopmentandthesupport
forsocialenterprisesin20142020exercise.
Theaddedvalueofthefuturesocialeconomyenterprises,residesalsointhedevelopmentofthesocialinsertion
enterprises,asthenewdraftLawprevailsthattheenterprisehasatleast30%employeesfromvulnerablegroups
andreinvestsatleast60%fromprofitorfinancialexceedingtothedevelopmentofthesocialinsertionenterprise.
Socialresponsibility
In order to elaborate the framework for defining the concept of social responsibility, the National Strategy to
PromoteSocialResponsibility2011201685wasadopted,consideringthatthereductionofpovertyisalsoanissue
ofethicsandresponsibility.Therefore,raisingawarenessatnationallevelandpromotinggoodpracticesforsocial
responsibilitycancontributesignificantlytosocialinclusionandpovertyreduction.
Highlevelsofdeprivationinruralareasandurbanpockets
As noted above, poverty is significantly concentrated in Romania's rural areas, where it is paired with housing
deprivationmostlyrelatedtopoorsanitation86(restroom,bathroom,runningwater,sewerageinfrastructure,etc.).
Althoughinvestmentinbasicinfrastructure(roads,watersupplyandsewerageinfrastructure)andservicesinrural
areashasbeensupportedbothbynationalandEUfunds,itisstillunderdeveloped,hamperingeconomicgrowth,
employment,attractivenesstoinvestment87andhavinganegativeimpactonqualityoflifeoftheruralpopulation.

83
EUCommission(2010)EUROPE2020,AEuropeanStrategyforSmart,Sustainable,andInclusiveGrowth
84
AccordingtothePressReleaseno.130ofJune,the14th2011ofINSonemploymentandunemployment
85
Source:GeneralSecretariateoftheGovernment,http://www.sgg.ro/nlegislativ/docs/2011/05/2x4bdfjnwskv89h17pzq.pdf
86
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p8.
87
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7.

37
Since 1990, urban areas have witnessed the emergence of territorially compact pockets of extreme poverty and
precarious housing. These areas contain a concentration of people who are excluded from the official labour
market and exploited on the informal labour market, poorly connected to information and communication
channelsandwithpoorqualityofservices(education,health,andinfrastructure).Evenifmanyofthesedistricts
are characterised by poverty rather than ethnicity, Roma tend to be subject to greater exclusion than other
residents.Inalltheseareas,childrenandyoungpeoplemakethemajority(over60%),whilethepopulationaged
60+accountsforlessthan10%.
Manyresidentsofdeprivedareasliveinsordidbuildings,somestructurallyunsound,lackingutilities.Sanitationis
appallingduetoalackofrunningwaterandsewerage.Electricityandheatingisundersuppliedandmorethanhalf
of households suffer from cold permanently. Moreover, homes are overcrowded and often two or more
families/peopleshareoneroom.
Pockets of social exclusion can be identified in every Romanian town88. Important types are: communities near
landfills,semiruralareas(housesattheoutskirtsoftown),oldtownareas(oldhousesinthecentreofthetown),
ghetto areas (former workers homes, uncertain legal status, crimeaffected districts), brownfield sites (former
apartmentbuildingsbuiltforworkersinformermonoindustrialtowns),periruralareas(closetoavillagebutwith
differentspatialorganisation),autonomousareas(belongingtoaterritorialadministrativeunityetindependent
ofitfromaphysicalandcommunitystandpoint).
In 2012 has been started a mapping process of the disadvantaged communities in the urban areas, with the
support of World Bank with the purpose of the elaboration of Integration Strategies for Poor areas and
DisadvantagedCommunities.
At the same time, the World Bank elaborated maps of poverty89 at the national level, that provide regional and
countylevelconcentrationofpovertyinformation,usingtheinformationfromPopulationandHousingCensusand
EUSILC.
Prioritisationandimplementation
AllocationofsupportforlocalarearegenerationfromdomesticandESIFundswilltakeaccountof:
therelevantRegionalDevelopmentPlansandrelatedneedsmapping;
thescaleoftheaffectedpopulations;
existingandpotentialcapacityincommunitiestoengageintheirowndevelopment.
Implementationwillgobeyondpiecemealdeliveryofservicestothesocialinclusiontargetgroupsidentifiedabove.
It will involve multistakeholders cooperation including local authorities, social services and lawenforcement
agencieshealth,education,culture,religion,socialassistanceornongovernmentalorganisations.Whereexisting
orlatentpotentialexistsatcommunitylevel,theopportunitywillbeaffordedtousetheLEADERlocaldevelopment
orCommunityledlocaldevelopmentmodels.
Underdevelopedhealthservicesandpoorhealthoutcomes
Acrossmosthealthindicators,RomaniahassubstantialdisparitieswiththeEUaverageandrecordstheworstor
closetoworstperformance.Lifeexpectancyhasbeenimprovingbutin2011,was6.4yearslessformenand5.1
yearslessforwomenthanthecorrespondingEuropeanaverages.Althoughsignificantlyimproved,infantmortality
remains three times the EU average. Deaths from cardiovascular disease and cancers are twice the average for
EU90.RomaniaistheleadingEUmemberstateregardingmortalitythroughcervicalscreeningcancerormultidrug
resistant tuberculosis. There is a strong territorial character to health performance and a high correlation with
poverty factors91. Health outcomes are generally very much better in Bucharest Ilfov than any other region and
worstinthepoorestregionsNortheastandSoutheast.Outcomesaresubstantiallyworseinruralareasthaninthe
urbanlocationsinthesameregion,withthepoororoldpopulationbeingmorevulnerable.
Thecausesofpoorhealthperformancearevariously:
underdevelopedandoftenoutdatedinfrastructureandequipment,mostlylocatedwithinurbanareasand
withweakoutreachcapacity92;
a shortage and uneven distribution of health staff (services follow the historic pattern of being provided
mostlywithinhospitalsandlessatcommunitylevel);

88
Rughini(2000);StnculescuandBerevoescu(coord.,2004);Sandu(2005);Berescuetal.(2006);Berescuetal.(2007);PCSDRA(2009);Stnculescu(coord.,
2010); Botonogu (coord., 2011). The findings presented in the text are confirmed by all these studies, with some statistical differences according to the
researchedarea(s).
89
MappingtheRiskofPovertyforSmallAreasintheNewEUMemberStates(2013),Reflectedalsounderchapter3.1.5
90
Eurostat
91
VariouslyINS,WHO,Eurostat
92
INS

38
 inappropriatehospitalsettingsforrespondingatregionalleveltomajoremergencies;
unevendistributionofPHC/communitycaresettingsgeneratinglowerlevelofgeographicalaccessinrural
settings,doubledwithpoverty,physicalisolationandethnicityfactors;
low development of the long term care component (including residential homes as well as home care
servicesforthedependentpopulation);
poor information infrastructure developed in a peace meal approach with low level of data
interconnectedness;
poorplanning/weakmanagementandlowcosteffectivenesswithinthehealthsector93.
The proposals for funding under the structural funds 20142020 are following the strategic and integrative
directionsoftheNationalHealthStrategy20142020.Asthestrategicthinkingwasmainlydrivenbytheneedsof
thepopulation,themainhealthissuesthatwere definedasapriorityweretheonesforwhichhealthindicators
whereRomanialagsbehindtheEuropeanaverage,suchasmaternalandinfantmortality,fivepathologies(cancer,
cardiovasculardiseases,diabetes,mentalillness,rarediseases)etc.Anotherinputintothedecisionmakingwasthe
coverage with appropriate services (quality services) that would effectively meet the priority health need.
Increasingaccesstohealthservicesforthegeneralpopulationandespeciallyforthemostvulnerablesegmentsof
the population, combined with a reduction in administrative costs including through energy efficiency measures
representstrategicobjectivesforthehealthsector.
Primaryhealthcarewillbefocusedondevelopingcommunitycareservicesfortheoutreachofvulnerablemother
andchildrenincommunitiesaswellasensuringabettercoverageof24hoursaccessibilitytoafamilyphysicianas
well as increased access to community care nursing/health visitors. Community nursing/health visiting services
havebeenconsideredascrucialforoutreachingpoorvulnerablewomenandchildrenandaddressinthiswaythe
poor indicators on maternal and child care in regions with high levels of infant mortality (Mehedinti and Tulcea
counties being for example areas that shall be primarily targeted). Only 800 out of more than 3,000 rural
communitieshaveaccesstonursesdeployingactivitiesofhealthvisitors;monitoringandevaluationoftheactivity
of the 800 nurses at community level is correlated with lower maternal and infant mortality in those catchment
populations.Anewintegratedmodelofcare(healthandsocial)hasbeendevelopedbytheMoHandtheMoLFSSE
withtheparticipationofcommunitynursesandsocialworkers;andistobeimplementedstartingwiththe2014
2020Strategyimplementationperiod.
Enabling access to 24 hours primary health care services especially in remote areas require provision of
infrastructure such as Centres for 24 hours primary health care services (a maximum of 100 centres either
existent or reorganized from rural hospitals according to county level plans of action are planned to be
refurbished/equipped under ESI Funds). Social workers and family doctors and nurses are needed to align their
practicetotheEuropeanstandards.
Specialized ambulatory services outpatient settings represent one segment of the health care delivery that
needsfurthersustaineddevelopment,thisbeingemphasizedwithintheHealthStrategy20142020.Thisenvisions
ahigherroleforambulatoryservicesandenhancingtheircapacitytoaddressavoidablehospitalizationcases.Thus,
(theneededinfrastructureandequipmentupdateaswellasthetrainingforspecificstaffrepresentamustifthe
more expensive and resource intensive hospital based services utilization is to be reduced during the strategy
implementation).Aboutonethird(15)ofcountylevelspecializedambulatoryserviceshavebeenrefurbishedunder
thepastprogrammaticfunding,oneotherthirdisscheduledtobeaddressedundertheWorldBankloanscheduled
tobelaunchedin2014andtheremainingthirdisplannedtobefundedthroughtheESIFunds.
Thedevelopmentofemergencycareservices,asservicesbenefittingequallyinsuredanduninsuredpersons,has
remainedhighontheagenda.Beingunderconstantdevelopmentduringthelastyears,theemergencyservicesare
one of the services better trusted by the population; the increase in number of equipment and of vehicles/
infrastructurethathaveahighpaceofbeingwearoutrequirestheirtimelyreplacement.Continuouseducationof
staffworkinginthissectorisequallyimportant.
Regionalandcountylevelemergencyhospitals
Regionalizationofcareandspecificallythedefinitionofcountyandregionalhealthactionplans,toenablebetter
accesstohealthservicesrequiretheinfrastructuredevelopmentofregionalandcountylevelemergencyhospitals
as well as at community care level. Whilst there is clear evidence of the need for primary health services at
communitylevel,thereiscomplementaryaclearneedfordevelopingthecountyandregionalemergencyhospital

93
HighlightedinNationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p19;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReform
Programme(June2013)p5,p10.

39
infrastructure (sometimes more than 100 years obsolete). Noticeable examples are in deficient NorthEast and
North West Regions (i.e. North East the third poorest NUTS II region in the EU, where eight, belowaverage
income,countiesareservedbyasingleuniversityhospital,currentlylocatedin25separatebuildingsinthecityof
Iasi, lacking to provide an integrated approach to patients with polytrauma and critical complex cases, thus
potentiallyincreasingtheriskofinducingvulnerabilityamongstthebeneficiariesofsuchservices).Despiteofthe
realneedsofregionalhospitalscoveringalltheRomanianregions,asthecurrentfinancialallocationsarelimited,
under20142020programmingperiod,threenewregionalemergencyhospitalsthatshallrepresenthubcentresof
the emergency services provided at regional level are planned to be built in Cluj, Iai and Craiova. The new
buildingsshallnotduplicate,butreplacetheoldones.
Continuous education programs for all types of specialized staff to respect clinical guidelines and protocols
representacriticalinvestmentinincreasingthequalityoftheservicesprovided.
Inefficientuseofresources
Inaddition,mostcountylevelhospitalsdonotmeettheEUstandards,areenergyinefficient,incurringhighcosts
forprovidingheating,lackingadaptationsthatenableappropriatephysicalaccess.
Inordertoincreaseenergyefficiency,throughtherehabilitationofhealthunitsatlocal/countylevel,thepriority
will be given to monobloc hospital/health buildings and hospitals/health buildings more than 20 years of not
havingbeenrehabilitated94.
Longtermcare/palliativecare
While the population of Romania is under a clear trend of aging, provision of services for the dependent
population/ elderly is still not adequate; many of socioeconomically vulnerable chronically ill patients become
inpatientwithinacutehospitalscases,consumingthusscarceresourcesofthesysteminanunjustifiedway,calling
forthedevelopmentofappropriatetypesofcare(homecare/homesfortheelderly)withinthehealthsector.
The prioritization of investments from ESI funds, detailing the criteria used for concentrating EU support is
presentedhereafter.
In order to provide an integrated multilayer network of hospitals that should be able to deal with the most
complex cases in a multidisciplinary and integrated approach, which is not achievable with the actual
infrastructure and decrease avoidable death for complex tertiary cases through the development of regional
emergency hospitals, priority will be given to: regional university hospitals without buildings that could be
rehabilitatedinordertoprovideintegratedmultidisciplinaryhospitalservicesthatcurrentlyfunctioninmultipleold
buildings; Regional university hospitals with buildings that could be rehabilitated/extended in order to provide
integrated multidisciplinary hospital services; addressability and complexity of regional university hospital;
equitableaccesstocomplexinfrastructure.
In order to increase the healthy life expectancy/quality of life and productivity and to decrease avoidable
hospitalization, through developing specialized ambulatory services, the following criteria for selection will be
used.
The specialized ambulatory centre provides services that are critical to the implementation of the county health
servicedeliveryplan(theplanenablesappropriateaccessofvulnerablegroupstoalltypesofservices);Thecost
effectiveness of the services provided (history of services provision shows an appropriate level and quality of
activity);Ineffectivehospitals(ruralorsmallurbanhospitalswithlowlevelsofactivityorhighlevelsofavoidable
hospitalization) that need reorganization/ rationalization and propose business plans for transformation into
ambulatory centres (this criteria shall be fulfilled together with the first two criteria); The health facility did not
benefitfromcompleteinvestmentprogrammesintheambulatorycareinthepast10years.
In order to increase capacity for the provision of community care services95, through the rehabilitation of
community care centres/ multifunctional units, priority will be given according to: the level of poverty of the
region/county/locality/priorityshallbegiventoareaswithhighestvulnerabilityofthepopulation;thelevelofpre
existent access to community care services; the level of vulnerability of the population (high rates of ethnic
minorities,highdependencyratios,etc.).
Increasinginstitutionalcapacity

94
Theinvestmentsinhealthinfrastructure(refurbishment)willbecorrelatedwiththemeasuresforeseenunderTOno.4aimingtoimproveenergyefficiency
andcostsreduction.
95
The needs for infrastructure at this level is high, but more accessible to funding from local authorities Integrated centers/ Community centers provide
integratedsocialandmedicalservicesespeciallyforvulnerablegroups;Socialormedicalpersonneldelivertargetedservicestoimprovesocialinclusionandto
adressmedicalandsocialneedsofthepopulation.

40
Trainingofprofessionalsandmanagersatnationalandlocallevelforincreasingknowledgeandskillstodefineand
implementevidencebasedpolicymakingisamustconsideringtheneedforcosteffectiveinterventionaswellas
havinginviewtheprogressofthehealthreformanddecentralizationprocess.
Given the scattered and fragmented information system today, the suboptimal use of ehealth technologies and
limitedinteroperability,therearemajorimpedimentsontheperformanceofthehealthsector.Lackofspecialized
human resources in remote geographical areas is pitfall that can be countervailed through modern technology
(telemedicineandotherehealthsolutions).Anincreasedsystemefficiencyandmanagementcapacityrequiresa
better availability and utilization of information and communication (IT&C) technology instruments in the
framework of ehealth (enabling systems interoperability, telemedicine, integration of existing databases and
registries,developmentofnewpatientregistries,continuousupgradeofNHIHIT&Carchitecture,basedonasingle
integratedinformationsystem,electronicreferralsystem,electronicinsurancecard,electronicpatientfile,etc.).
Thiswillensurethedevelopmentofservicesnetworksbetweentheruralcentresandthespecializedambulatory
centersaswellasthenetworksbetweentheemergencyhospitals.
Ruralsmallscaleinfrastructure
A significant challenge which has to be addressed in order to promote social inclusion and poverty reduction in
ruralareasisinfrastructure,asapreconditionforlocaleconomicdevelopment.
Inruralareas,smallscaleinfrastructure(basicinfrastructure,educational,socialandculturalinfrastructure)havea
keyroleinimprovingqualityoflifeandattractivenessofruralsettlements.
Evenif,intherecentyearsthebasicinfrastructureinruralareas(roads,watersupplyandsewerageinfrastructure)
was supported both by national and EU funds, it is still underdeveloped, hampering the economic growth and
employment.Inthisrespect,untilnow,inNRDP20072013areenvisagedtobemodernizedandbuilt3,846kmof
communalroads,thatrepresentapproximately12%oftotalcommunalroads.
Regarding the distribution of drinking water in rural areas, at this moment, about 4.4% of total length of the
network for distribution of drinking water (2,909 km of pipelines for water supply) are expected to be realized
throughNRDP20072013. Also, the centralized sewerage network supported byNRDP 20072013,about17.6%
(4,355km)areenvisagedtobebuiltandmodernized.
Theeducationalinfrastructurealsolacksthecapacitytosupportadecentstandardofliving.Inthiscontext,pre
schooleducationisfacedwithamajordeficitintermsofinfrastructure,thepercentageofkindergartenscoverage
intheruralareabeingofonly7.44%ofthenumberregisteredatnationallevelintheschoolyear20122013.Inthis
respect,aspecialfocusshouldbeorientedoneducationalinfrastructureinagriculturefield.
Incomparisonwiththelargenumberoffarms,Romaniahasalownumberoftrainedfarmers,anaspectstrongly
influencedbythedecreaseoftheagricultureschoolgraduates.Anumberofagriculturalhighschoolshaveclosed
downandtheirnumberdecreasedduringthelast15yearsbyover80%.In2011therewere34ruralagricultural
highschools.Lackofspecializedtraininginthecontextofpracticingagricultureinruralareasleadstopoorfarm
managementandthedeepeningofpovertythatruralareasarealreadyexperiencing.
Social services and related infrastructure do not meet the needs of the rural population, and the deficit of
conditions for the development of the rural area from a social perspective will be reflected in the economic
development of rural areas in Romania. Also the cultural heritage including, cultural infrastructure has an
importantroleinpreservingthelocalidentity,thespecificityofruralareasandmaintainingthetraditionsforthe
nextgeneration.
Thesocialinfrastructureisinsufficientlydevelopedtomeetthedemands.Therefore,in2011,therewere524adult
careunits,outofwhich27%werefunctionalresidentialservicesforoldpeoplewhilethenumberofoldpeoplein
the rural area is increasing. A similar situation also applies in case of nurseries; there were 295 units in 2011 at
national level out of which only 2 units in rural areas, while the number of children between 0 and 4 years
amountedto1,054,946in2012,outofwhich45.5%werechildrenregisteredintheruralarea.
Sustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentoftheruralareasiscriticallydependentonimprovingtheexisting
rural infrastructure and basic integrated services. The rural population will benefit from improved infrastructure
leadingtoadequatecommunitylifestandards.
Lessonlearntfromtheperspectiveof20072013
Thereweredifficultiesinapplyingintegratedprojectsandthelackofcorrelationbetweenthelocalinfrastructure
projectswithintheobjectivesofregionaldevelopmentorsectoralstrategies.
AlsoasalessonlearntisInvestmentsineducationalandsocialinfrastructurewillbecarefullytargetedconsidering
thedemographictrends,withaspecialfocusontheruralpopulationandcomplementaritywithotherfunds.

41
During 20072013 programming period, there were issues related to ineffective coordination at regional/county
levels of strategic projects targeting employment and social inclusion. Therefore, 20142020 financing should
ensurethecoordinationbetweenfundingsourcesingeneralaswellasbetweenlocalstakeholdersandthefuture
investmentsindedicatedinfrastructureshouldbeaccompaniedbyensuringthecomplementaritywiththeESFtype
projects.
As the 20142020 impose a higher emphasis on results, it will be crucial to establish a more flexible framework
(e.g.: Simplified cost options) which will address the current deficiencies related to the low absorption rate and
facilitatesahigherachievementofthetargetsforeseen.
ThemaindifficultiesinimplementingtheNRDPprojectsofbasicinfrastructureswererelatedtotheircomplexity
and long period for completion and given that the available funds were inevitably highly limited as compared to
needsinruralareas.Suchinvestmentsrequiremanyauthorizationsissuedbyvariousauthoritieswhichgenerate
additionaladministrativeburdensforbeneficiaries.
Maindevelopmentneeds
Informed by the findings of the analysis of Development Challenges and the SWOT Analysis (Annex I), and
consistentwiththeaimsoftherelevantNationalStrategies,themaindevelopmentneedsinthefieldofSocial
InclusionandCombatingPovertyare:
Reducing the incidence of poverty and social exclusion experienced by the identified vulnerable
groupsthroughintegratedmeasures(education,employment,housing,socialandhealthcareandactions
tocombatdiscrimination);
Promotingsocialeconomyandprovidingsupporttosocialeconomystructureswiththefinalaimto
supportsocialandlabourmarketintegrationofvulnerablegroups;
Improving the accessibility and quality of social services, particularly in rural areas and in deprived
urbanareas,andenhancingtheircontributiontocombatingpoverty,socialexclusionandsocialproblems.
Improvingthebasicinfrastructureandaccesstoservicesinordertopromoteeconomicdevelopment
andreducepovertyinruralsettlementsandindeprivedurbanareas,includingfisheriesareas
Development of alternative types of services to the classic residential centres and to the transition
frombigcapacitytothecommunitybasedservices;
Improvingsocialinclusionofpeoplelivinginruralareas(includingfisheriesareas)andurbanpoverty
pocketsfacinghighlevelofdeprivationbyusingtargetedapproachessuchasLEADER/Communityledlocal
developmentmodels;
Improvinghealthoutcomes,particularlyinrelationtomaternalandneonatalheathandpathologies
whichaccountforthemajorityofadultmorbidity;
Improving the system efficiency through the use of information and communication (IT&C)
technologyinstrumentsintheframeworkofehealthandesocialassistance.
Educationandtraining
General
Romania still has to improve the performance at all levels in its education and training system due to a seria of
realitiessuchas:
presentlylimitedavailabilityandconsequentlowparticipationinearlychildhoodeducationandcare;
nonenrolmentandhighearlyleavingratesincompulsoryeducationremainshigh,especiallyforvulnerable
categoriesofstudents,includingRoma;
levelsofattainmentincompulsoryeducationarestillbehindEuropeanaverages;
lowparticipationintertiaryeducation,especiallyforthelastthreeyearsandforthepopulationaged3034,
andverylowparticipationinadultlifelonglearning;
mismatchintheoutputsoftheeducationandtrainingsystemswithlabourmarketneeds;
slow insertion into the labour market following completion of education and training at all levels (and
reflectedinthehighnumberofNEETshighlightedaboveunderEmployment).
Thecausesoflowperformanceineducationandtrainingarevariously:

42
 verylowexpenditure.In2009Romaniaspent4.24%ofGDPcomparedtoandEU27averageof5.41%.Allied
to Romania's below average GDP, this translates to an absolute level of spending per capita (per
pupil/student)of2,386comparedtotheEU27averageof6,50496;
unattractivefacilities,lowlevelsofequipment;
teachingskills,methodsandcurriculaneedtobeadaptedtoaneducationapproachmorerelatedtothe
labourmarketneeds;
weaklinkagebetweenemployersandtheeducationandtrainingsystem;
labourmarketdemandlargelyderivedfromlowskillsandlowproductivitysectors.
Inresponsetothissituation,the2011LawonEducationinitiatedasystematicprocessreforminallareasofthe
education and training system, placing an important role to building up the administrative capacity and policy
making,promotingeffectivequalityassurancemechanismsandimprovingtheskillsandcompetencesofgraduates
for the labour market (LM) needs. However, this major reform that set a longterm agenda for upgrading the
qualityofeducationatalllevelsisnotyetfullyoperational97.
Reflecting the educational reforms and the overall national priorities promoted by the Law of Education and
objectivesoftheEU2020Strategy,Romaniahasassumedthefollowingtargets.
UE27targets RomaniaassumedtargetsthroughNRP Romaniacurrentsituation(2012)
Objective2020
(%) (%) (%)
Earlyschoolleaving 10 11.3 17.4
Tertiaryeducation 40 26.7 21.8
CountrySpecificRecommendations2013:
- to speed up the education reform, including the building up of administrative capacity at both central and local level and
98
evaluatetheimpactofthereforms ;
- tostepupthereformsinVET;
- toalignfurthertertiaryeducationwiththeneedsoftheLMandtoimprovetheaccessfordisadvantagedpeople;
- to implement a national strategy on ESL focusing on better access to quality early childhood education, including for Roma
children.
Achievementofthesetargetswillrepresentasubstantialimprovementoverthecurrentpositionbutwillstillleave
Romaniawithoneofthelowestsharesofpopulationaged3034withtertiaryeducationlevelorequivalent.
Limitedavailabilityandlowparticipationinearlyandpreschooleducation
In2011,only2%ofchildrenaged03yearswereenrolledinnurseries,theoverwhelmingmajorityofchildrenupto
3 years being under parental or family care. At the present time there is a gross shortage of affordable nursery
care99.
Ahithertoimprovingtrendinparticipationinpreschooleducationbythosebetweentheageof3andtheagefor
startingcompulsoryeducationstagnatedat82.1%in2010(significantlybelowtheEU27averageof92.3%andwell
shortoftheEducationandTraining2020strategicframework`sbenchmarkof95%)100.
Therearesignificantethnic(mainlyRoma)101andterritorialdisparitiesinparticipation.MorethanathirdofRoma
children (38.5%) do not attend kindergarten, compared with 13.3% of children from nonRoma households102.
Participation is also notably lower in rural areas manly because the percentage of kindergartens coverage in the
ruralareaisonly7.44%outofthenumberregisteredatnationallevelintheschoolyear20122013.
Findings from different studies indicate that the vast majority of early childhood education and care programs
(ECEC) have hadconsiderablepositive effectsoncognitivedevelopmentand that inrelativetermschildrenfrom
socioeconomically disadvantaged families made as much or slightly more progress than their more advantaged
peers.
Investment in both infrastructure and institutional development for preschool education remains very low and
leads to limited availability, inconsistent quality and affordability of early and preschool education that has
consequentialeffectsoncompulsoryschoolenrolmentandperformance,and alsorepresentsabarriertolabour
marketparticipationbyparents.Thelegalframeworkadoptedin2013regardingtheorganizationandthefunctions
ofnurseriesrequiresnewinvestmentsininstitutionaldevelopmentandsystematicinitialandcontinuingtrainingof
staffforthislevelofeducation.

96
Source:EUROSTATEducationalexpenditurestatistics
97
HighlightedinEuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p7,p10.
98
FurtheradrressedundertheAdministrativeandGovernmentchallenge
99
HighlightedinEuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p7,p10.
100
Source:Eurostat(UOE),2013
101
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme
(June2013)p6,p10.
102
Source:AgentiaImpreuna,2012,TheRomainRomania

43
Highnonenrolmentandhighearlyleavingratesincompulsoryeducation
Romania has a poor record with school enrolment and attendance in primary and secondary school. Non
enrolmentinschoolisaround1.52%inthecaseofchildrenatage8,risingto56%atage10103.Dropoutratesare
higherinthecaseofuppersecondarylevelandinruralareasandalsofortheRomastudents.
Themainexplanationsfordroppingout,identifiedbothbyschoolsandfamilies,areeconomic.Thecrisismadeit
difficultformanyfamiliestobearthecostsofsupportingtheirchildrenseducation,especiallyathigherlevel.
Afurthercauseofhighearlyleavingratesisrelatedtolimitedavailabilityofinformalalternativeeducationsuchas
SchoolAfterSchool (SAS) or "Second Chance for students at risk of early leaving. Similarly, there are limited
opportunitiesforearlyleaverstoreentertheeducationalsystembecauseofitschronicunderfundingandthelack
ofincentives.
TheRomapopulationisthemostvulnerablegrouptoearlyleavingwhichaffectsRomagirlsinparticular,duetothe
poorlivingconditionsandRomacultureandtraditions.InrecentresearchcoveringRomachildren(711yearsold)
fromfamilieswithatleastonechildoutofschool,almosthalf(44.2%)isnotattendinganyeducationortraining
programme.
Early school leaving (ESL) remains a persistent issue in Romania104, with a negative trend relative to the EU2020
target since the onset of the economic recession to 2010 (i.e. from 15.9% in 2008 to 18.4% in 2010) and a
stationary trend from 2011 up to 2012 i.e. 17.4%, despite programmes developed at national or local level.
Childrenandyoungpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds,studentsfromruralareas(especiallyboysin1114
agegroup),theRomaandthosewhohavespecialeducationalneeds(SEN)arecategoriesathighestrisk.Thereare
considerable regional variations, with rates exceeding 20% in Central, SouthEast and South Muntenia Regions.
However, high intraregional disparities are also observed, counties with lower economic development and high
share of rural population being particularly affected. The underdeveloped systems of educational and vocational
guidanceandcounsellingareadditionalcausesforESLphenomenon.
EnrolmentandparticipationinInitialVocationalEducationandTraining(IVET)
Restructuring of the IVET system in Romania due to low enrolment and poor infrastructure has seen the
progressive closing of schools of arts and trades since 2009, especially regarding agricultural high schools which
number decreased during the last 15 years by over 80%. Those that remain are still generally considered
unattractive due to the quality of facilities, equipment and staff. This has resulted in a continued reduction in
enrolmentrates.
An important upgrade of the IVET system is presently underway to promote skills acquisition linked closely with
labourmarketdemandsandprivatesectorneeds;developingandsupportinguppersecondaryandpostsecondary
education;extendingtheuseofacredittransfersystem(i.e.betweenuppersecondaryvocationaleducationand
thepostsecondaryeducation);providingthepossibilitytocompleteatleastonevocationaltrainingprogrammeby
lowachieving secondary education graduates less than 18 years old, who have previously left school; and
stipulatingtheacquisitionofappropriatequalificationsinaccordancewithNationalQualificationFramework(tobe
providedfreeofchargebystateVETschools).
ThesenewmeasuresareexpectedtoreducethedropoutrateinIVETandtosupportstudentsfromdisadvantaged
groupsdirectlyaffectedinthepastbytheclosingofschoolsofartsandtradesinRomania(poverty,isolatedrural
areas).
Nonenrolment and high ESL rates contribute to Romania's relatively low levels of attainment in compulsory
education.Fortheaffectedindividuals,lifechances,accesstolabourmarketandsocialinclusionareconsiderably
jeopardised.Failuretocompletesecondaryeducationmayresultinineligibilitytotakepartinvocationaltraining.
AttainmentlevelsincompulsoryeducationlaggingbehindEuropeanaverages
Assessments by the World Bank and the OECD105 reveal that, in spite of recent progress, the average Romanian
studenthasconsiderabledeficitstohispeersworldwideinscience,inmaths,andinreadingandcomprehension.In
2009,between40%and47%ofRomanianstudentswereclassedlowachieversacrossthesekeyskillsmorethan
twicetheEUaverageandfarfromtheET2020benchmarkof15%.
Thegendergapinreadingandsciencesissignificant,boyshavinghighershareamonglowachieverscomparedto
girls.Intermsofterritoriality,therearesignificantdisparitiesbetweenruralandurbanschools,associatedwiththe
localsocioeconomiccircumstances.

103
Source:NIS
104
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p15;European
CouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p7andp10.
105
OECDPISA2006andPISA2009.

44
Studies examining the underlying causes of the attainment levels (IEA 2012106) pointed out the need for
improvementofqualityandeffectivenessofschoolgovernanceandmanagementincludingpolicymonitoringand
evaluation systems, curriculum and developing specific skills (like interpretation, applying and reflection on
information in different life contexts). Different national programmes for piloting innovative models of teaching,
learning and assessment of key skills in language and communication, mathematics and science, with the
participation of researchers and teachers in further training programmes, are from this perspective a priority in
Romaniatoo.
ThelowbasicskillsandcompetencesofstudentsinRomaniameasuredbynationalandinternationalassessments
arealsocorrelatedwiththegeneralpoorqualityofeducationanditsdependencyonlimitedfundingsources.Thus,
thispoorqualityisalsoaconsequenceofthereducedallocationonpublicandprivateeducationalinstitutionsper
pupil/studentcomparedtoGDPpercapita,in2009107,inRomaniabeing21.6%,comparedwithEU27averageof
27.4%(thelowestlevelinEU27).
Lowparticipationintertiaryeducationandverylowparticipationinadultlifelonglearning
Tertiaryeducationandresearch
In2012,21.8%oftheRomanianpopulationaged3034hadtertiaryeducation108,increasingsignificantlyfromthe
2007levelof13.9%.Femaleparticipationissome7percentagepointshigherthanformales,althoughthegender
gapisaroundhalfofthatatEUlevel.However,enrolmentinhighereducationfromhighschoolhasfallensharply
from53.6%in2007/2008to35.2%in2011/2012.
Despite the steps made in improving the national policy and legal framework, higher education and research
activitieshavefacedfundingconstraintsaffectingtheuniversitiescapacitytoundertakereform.Highereducation
received only 1.4% of GDP in 2010, and in the following years a declining trend has continued109. A new
performancebased funding policy and multiannual study grants have been stated as a priority but are not yet
systemicallyimplemented.
Links between universities, research institutes and the business sector are underdeveloped resulting in low
relevanceofthetertiaryeducationcurriculumwiththecurrentandfutureneedsofthelabourmarketaswellas
lackofincomegeneratingopportunitiesfortheUniversitiesandresearchcentres.
Although the number of doctoral graduate students is considerable, underfunding of the research, development
andinnovationfieldhasresultedinabraindrain,withthemajorityofresearcherswhoremaininthecountryandin
employmentbeingolderworkers.
According to Eurostat data for 2010, Romania is ranked last in the European Union for the number of RDI
employeesfromthetotalactivepopulation(0.5%),comparedtotheEuropeanaverageof1.5%.
ThereareseveralcriticalareasoftheRomanianRDIlabourmarket:restrictedaccessofdoctoralstudentsandnew
postgraduatestoacareerinresearch;limitedexchangeofresearchstaffbetweenpublicandprivateorganizations;
andthemodestpresenceofforeignresearchersinthelocalacademicenvironment.Therearealsoasmallnumber
offoreigndoctoralstudentsinRomanianuniversitiesandadecreasingproportionofresearchersamongemployees
intheprivatesector.
Amorerecentstudyconductedin2011bytheWorldBank,UNDPandtheEuropeanCommissionProgram,reveals
thatinregionsofRomaniawithasignificantterritorialconcentrationoftheRomapopulation,lessthan1%ofRoma
youngpeopleaged2024years,havegotpostsecondarystudies,comparedwith11%amongnonRomabelonging
tothesameregionandthesameagecategory.Investinginacomplete,educated,intellectualRomagroupisan
important factor for longterm social inclusion of the entire Roma communities, for which it is the key for
intensifyingtheeffortsinfacilitatingtheaccessforRomatohighereducation.
Mobility of students to and from Romania is another challenge for an attractive and quality tertiary education.
WhiletheproportionofRomanianstudentsattendinguniversityinanotherEUcountryincreasedfrom4%in2007
to7%in2010,thisremainshalfofthelevelaspiredtointherelevantET2020benchmark.Inparallel,enrolmentof
studentsfromotherEUMemberStatesinRomania'shighereducationinstitutionsalsoremainsverylow(0.2%in
2007and0.4%in2010).
Lifelonglearning

106
InternationalAssociationfortheEvaluationofEducationalAcheivement:EducationandTrainingMonitor2012
107
Source:Eurostat(UOE).Indicatorsoneducationfinance.Note:comparedtoGDPpercapita,alllevelsofeducationcombined,basedonfulltimeequivalents.
108
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p16.
109
Source:TheReportoftheNationalFundingCouncilforHigherEducation,April,2013

45
Educationratesintheworkingagepopulationarelowandreducewithagealongwithemployment.Only1.4%of
the adult workforce participated in formal education and training in 2012110, an improvement of only 0.1
percentagepointssince2007andlessthanafifthoftheEU27average111i.e.82.9%.Moreover,thegapbetween
thisrateandtheoneindicatedforRomania(toincreasetheparticipationinLLLupto10%)remainshighandeven
highercomparedwithEUtarget,15%accordingtoEducationandTraining2020.
Participationintrainingisparticularlylowamongpeoplewithlowlevelofeducationandprofessionalqualification,
among those working in micro businesses and among those aged over 40 years. In terms of territoriality,
participationratesarelowerinruralareas.Mostofthefarmersdonothavethenecessaryskillstodevelopaviable
economicactivity.Thefarmmanagersrelysolelyontheirpracticalexperience,only2.5%ofthemhavingabasicor
fullagriculturaltraining112,highlybelowtheEuropeanaverage(29.4%).Thelifelonglearningisinanearlystageof
development,whichpositionsRomaniaonalowerplaceintheEU27(1.6%in2011comparedto8.9%EU27).Low
levelsofeducationandtrainingamongfarmmanagersisanotherfactorhamperingcompetitiveness.Thestudyon
skills mismatch in Europe113 shows that in Romania only one third of the workers matched their skills with the
currentjob.
Thereisaclearcorrelationbetweeneducationalattainmentandemployment,unemploymentandparticularlywith
inactivity.Thishasclearimplicationsforriskofpovertyinoldageandalsoforeffortstoimprovetheproductivity
andcompetitivenessofbusinessinRomania.
Employersarerequired,accordingtotheexistingLabourCode,tocreateappropriateconditionstoencouragetheir
employeestoparticipateinvocationaltrainingprogramsatleastonceeverytwoyears,forcompaniesthatemploy
21 or more persons, and at least once every three years, for companies with fewer employees. Employers with
morethan20employeesarerequiredtosetoutannualplansonvocationaltraining(afterconsultationwithtrade
union or employee representatives), which will form a part of the collective labour agreement of the company.
When the employer does not provide funding for vocational training to an employee who is entitled to receive
support, the employee is entitled to demand up to 10 days paid training leave or up to 80 working hours for
vocationaltraining114.
Therefore, employers should be encouraged to invest in workforce development through CVT/LLL to improve
productivityandresilienceandtoaddressthepresentlowparticipationinadultlearning115.
Concerningtheadultlearningthatdoestakeplace,mostisjobrelated,inlinewiththeEU27average,howeverthe
actual participation in informal learning, is the lowest in Europe (18.8%) and just over twofifths of the EU27116
average. The informal learning emplaced that does take place is generally not accredited or recognised towards
formal qualifications. Career counselling and skills assessment can provide the opportunity for trust deficit
recovery,especiallyforemployeeswhohaveexperiencedfailureinformaleducation.Theskillsassessmentcentres
network is still geographically limited and the institutional and personnel capacity of the centres for skills
assessmentandcertificationrequiresfurtherstrengthening.
Lowparticipationcanbeexplained,inpart,bythelimitedopportunitiesforindividualstoaccesslifelonglearning
in employment or on a flexible basis out of the workplace, for example in the Community Permanent Learning
Centres envisaged under the new Law of Education. It can also be explained by inadequacies in partnership
between the social partners, companies and training providers who have an interest in diversified and flexible
CVET.
Toinvolvethehighestnumberofstakeholdersinlifelonglearning,theproposedmeasuresonpartnershipsinclude
those aimed at: developing and implementing quality assurance frameworks; promoting nonformal learning,
especially within civic and cultural organizations; promoting vocational and employer networks; involving the
media;supportingemployersontheidentificationoftrainingneeds;andpromotingapprenticeships.
Slowinsertionintothelabourmarketfollowingcompletionofeducationandtraining
PeopleleavingalllevelsofeducationinRomaniaexperienceaslowrateofinsertiontothelabourmarket.Therate
of insertion increases with level of education. It is slowest among lower secondary school graduates, primary
schoolgraduatesorthosewhohavenotcompletedanyformofeducation.In2009,only14.6%ofthisgroupwere

110
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p6,p10.
111
Source:Eurostat(LFS)
112
Source:TheObservatoryforPermanentLearningDevelopment,2011
113
Source:CEDEFOP,2010
114
LLLStrategy,draft1,december2014,pag.26.
115
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p6.
116
Source:Eurostat(AES)

46
in work one year after leaving the education system. The oneyear insertion rate is greatest among higher
educationgraduates(60.9%)andpostsecondarygraduates(technicalorspecializedcraftsmen50%).Anadverse
evolutionbetween2006and2011leavesRomania11.6percentagepointsshortoftheET2020benchmarkof82%
graduateemploymentwithinthreeyearsofcompletingeducationandtraining.
The overall low demand for labour, low job mobility and competition from established workers limits the
opportunitiesavailabletonewentrantstotheRomanianlabourmarket.However,itisalsoclearthattheeducation
and training system is failing to equip students to compete117. Where low achievers are concerned, compulsory
education is failing to deliver basic employability skills118. However, higher unemployment rates among tertiary
educationgraduates119aged2024thansecondaryeducationgraduatesofthesameagedemonstratesmismatch
between the skills and competencies developed in tertiary education study programmes and labour market
needs120.
Prioritisation121:ESIFundswillbeallocatedformeasuresincreasingparticipation,affordabilityandqualityofearly
childhoodeducationandcare,compulsoryeducation.Thisreferstochildrenbetween06yearsold,particularlyin
theagegroup03yearsoldandtargetingparticularlygroupsatincreasedriskofESL122,focusingonruralareasand
Roma. In order to reduce ESL, preventive and compensation measures should be implemented, including
individualizedsupportforpupilsatriskofESL,designandimplementationofIVETtypeprogrammes123,aimedat
helpingyoungersupto25acquirethebasicskillsneededfortheintegrationonthelabourmarketwillbeputin
place.Inruralareas,thismaybeprovidedthroughthesmallscaleruralinfrastructureprovisionsoftheEAFRD.
In term of Initial Vocational Education and Training (IVET), priority will be given to measures aiming gaining
qualifications correlated to the labour market demands and private sector needs. Particularly attention will be
giventotargetingstudentsfromdisadvantagedgroupsdirectlyaffectedinthepastbytheclosingofschoolsofarts
andtradesinRomania(poverty,isolatedruralareas).
IntermsofTertiaryEducation,withaspecialfocusonmeasuresfor:improvingthegovernanceandmanagementof
Higher Education institutions124; improving the quality and labour market relevance of teaching and research;
strengtheningofpartnershipbetweenuniversities,businessandresearch;modernizingtertiaryeducationthrough
the development of postgraduate studies; and the internationalization of higher education. Moreover, the ESI
Funds allocations will be in line with the needs of growth potential competitive sectors as well as with those
traditionalsectorswherethereispotentialtogrow,toincreaseaddedvalueortosustainactivityinthemedium
termbyincreasingthecompetitivenessthroughinnovationandmarketdevelopment.
In view of the EU2020 target, the investments measures will focus on actions to increase the access of non
traditionalstudents:thosefromruralareas,fromRomaandotherdisadvantagedgroupsaswellasadultspresently
aged between 23 and 27. The strategy also aims to increase the quality, flexibility and relevance of tertiary
educationtolabourmarketneeds.
Regardinglifelonglearning,thesupportwillcovermeasuresdevelopingLLLservicesatcommunityleveltoprovide
trainingandeducationinbasicandtransversalcompetences.Thisincludesdigitalskills,counsellingandvalidation
ofpriorlearning,focusingonlowerskillsandruralareas.Itincludesvalidationofnonformalandinformallearning;
support for information, vocational training (short/initial training) and acquiring skills for farmers and for those
involved in forestry. It also includes supporting measures to promote quality and accessibility of VET by
strengtheningthecapacityofIVT125andCVTproviderstodeliverVETprogramscorrelatedwiththeLMdemands.
Modernisationunderriskduetolowdigitalliteracy
Computer skills are central to Romania's transition to a knowledge economy, to educational reforms such as
"secondchance"andlifelonglearningandtothesuccessfuldeploymentofelectronicpublicservices.However,in

117
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p7.
118
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p7.
119
HighlightedinEuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p7.
120
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p6;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p7,p10.
121
20142020ESIFundsineducationsectorwillnotenvisageinterventionswhichleadtosegregationinschools
122
ESLstrategyenvisagesinterventionsforpersonsupto25yearsold,accordingtomaximumageESLeuropeanindicator.
123 th
Theseprogrammesarededicatedtopersonswhodoesntcompletedthecompulsory8 gradesandwantstofollowIVET.
124
MinistryofNationalEducationisoneofthepriorityministriesconsideredforthestructuralreformmeasuresforeseenunderTOno.11
125
ESLstrategyenvisagesinterventionsforpersonsupto25yearsold,accordingtomaximumageESLeuropeanindicator.LLLstrategyenvisagesinterventions
forpersonsover25yearsold,bothIVET(withtheexceptionmentionedatthefootnoteno.110refferingatprogrammesarededicatedtopersonswhodoesnt
th
completedthecompulsory8 gradesandwantstofollowIVET)andCVET(alsoCVETforpersonswhoalreadyattendedinitialtertiaryeducation.

47
2011, Romania had highest share of population between 1674 years old with no computer skills (61%) in the
EU27126.
While43%Romaniansaged1674usedtheinternetatleastweeklyin2012,48%ofallRomanianshaveneverused
acomputer.Thereisacleargenerationalandeducationaldivideincomputerskills,positivelycorrelatedwithage
andeducationallevel.UseofICTintheclassroomsislimitedbytheageandqualityoftheequipment,particularly
inRomaniaslessdevelopedregions127.TheNationalCompetitivenessStrategystrandPreparingGeneration2050
prioritisesfurtherinvestmentinICThardwareandsoftwareinSchools.
Intermsofterritoriality,thesituationissimilarinallregionsofthecountry,exceptfortheBucharestIlfovwhere
33%ofpeoplehaveneverusedacomputer.
Prioritisation: Improvement to the availability and quality of ICT hardware and software in schools will be
prioritised in the context of the National Competitiveness Strategy; Digital Agenda strand Preparing Generation
2050.SpecialattentionwillbegiventocorrelatetheICThardwareandsoftwareinvestmentsinschoolswiththe
appropriatetrainingoftheteachersinapplyingthemoderntechniqueswithintheeducationalprocess.
ThefurtherdevelopmentofeeducationwillenhanceaccesstoLLL,"secondchance"educationandtotrainingfor
thosewhoarenotprovidedwithopportunitiesintheirworkplace.
Outdatededucationandtraininginfrastructurethatconstrainsreform128
Romania is on the path towards a process of rationalising and restructuring the school and initial VET network
aimedatincreasingtheefficiencyofthesystem129.However,muchoftheeducationinfrastructurecontinuestobe
outdated and unattractive and constrains the effectiveness of existing policies concerned with improving the
qualityofeducationandensuringregularattendance.Ofparticularconcernareruralschoolsandisolatedschools
indisadvantagedareasthathavepoorsanitaryconditions(athirdofruralschoolsdonotmeettherequirementsof
sanitary authorities), lack a proper water supply (almost half of rural primary schools), are not connected to
seweragewithconsequentriskstohealth(afifthofruralschools),areinadequatelyheated(morethanhalfofthe
schoolsinruralareas,andmorethanonethirdinurbanareas,themostserioussituationbeingrecordedinprimary
schools).
The availability of specialised facilities and teaching equipment for disadvantaged students, including those with
specialeducationalneeds,ispoor.
Prioritisationoftheinfrastructureinvestments:Improvementstotheschoolestatewillbeprioritisedinlinewith
theprioritiesoftheNationalStrategytoReduceESL,havingregardtotheEC/WBpovertymappingprojectandwill
mainlybetargetedthecountieswherethepercentageofpersonswhohavecompletedonlyprimaryeducationis
over 6%. Projects supported should be viable having regard to local needs and demographic trends. Supported
investmentsshouldalsocomplementthemeasuresaimingtoprovidegoodqualityofECEC,reduceESLandaddress
theneedsofdisadvantagedstudents,notablyRomaandstudentswithSEN.
Interventionsineducationinfrastructurewillbebasedonmappingandspecificcriteriaestablishedatthenational
level and these will be focused on the regions with demographic uptrend, on the needs related with the labour
market,(toreflectintoIVETschoolstheeconomiclocalfirmsinadualsystem,tosupportthecreationofnewjobs,
to improve transition to the labour market etc.), to sustain a good quality for education into the disadvantaged
communitiesetc.
Modernization and development of IVET infrastructure will be prioritised in line with the National Strategy for
Lifelong Learning having regard to the EC/WB poverty mapping project and will mainly be targeted in rural and
remoteareaswheretheproportionofpeoplewhohavecompletedonlyprimaryeducationisover6%.Prioritywill
additionallybegiventoIVETschoolsservingsectorswithgrowthpotential,mainlyagriculturaldevelopment,rural
modernization,foodsecurityandenvironmentalprotection.
Investments in VET infrastructure will primarily consider the growth competitive sectors and/or the traditional
sectors with potential to grow, but also the regional/local growth potentials emphasised under the Regional
DevelopmentPlans.
Investment in the higher education estate will be prioritised in line with the National Strategy for Tertiary
Education, having regard to the EU2020 targets for tertiary education attainment and graduate insertion to the
labour market. Accordingly, infrastructural support will complement measures aiming to align higher education
with labour market needs. Further investment in higher education infrastructure and equipment will target the

126
Source:Eurostat,InformationSocietyStatistics
127
NationalAgencyforQualityAssuranceinPreuniverityEducation(ARACIP)researchfindings
128
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p22.
129
TheLawofEducation(no.1/2011)provisions

48
modernisation and internationalisation of the universities and their related research facilities identified,
particularly those which will assure a better linkage with research and/or cooperation with the business sector.
TheseinvestmentswillbeinlinewiththeNationalStrategyofEducationInfrastructure,andbytakingintoaccount
the orientation of ESI Funds only to those areas with growth potential that contribute to the increasing of the
employabilityofhighereducationgraduates.
Inordertoensurethecoherencyandtheconsistencyofinterventionsatthelevelofeducationalinfrastructurein
20142020 period is needed a strategic approach, in line with the Sectoral Strategies regarding ESL, Tertiary
Education and LL, taking into consideration the demographic trends in school population, by one side, and the
economicdevelopmenttrends,bytheotherside.
Theadministrativecapacityandtheneedforevaluatingtheimpactoftheeducationreform
CouncilRecommendationonRomanias2013highlightstheimportanceofbuildingupadministrativecapacityand
policy making as a precondition for a successful implementation of the education reform. This would imply
measures targeting the professionals,both at central and local level, in developing their capacity in the areas of
strategic planning and budgetary programming, impact assessment and monitoring and evaluation. This need is
identifiedundertheAdministrationandGovernmentChallengeandwillbeaddressedunderTO11.
InordertostrengthentheadministrativecapacityoftheMinistryofNationalEducation,itwasconsideredtobe
one of the priority institutions for conducting functional reviews by the World Bank. Also, it is necessary to
continue the efforts in implementing the measures foreseen into the action plans attached to the functional
reviews.
Lessonslearned
Themostimportantshortcomingsidentifiedfromtheimplementationofthepoliciesandprogrammesinthefield
ofhumanresourcescouldbesummarizedasfollow:
Themainareasofinterventionwerenotaddressedinastrategicandcoherentmanner.
Therewasalackofstrategicapproachinidentifyingthesectorsthatneedskilledworkforceonthelabourmarket
andtheeducationalandtrainingsystem.Thestrategicprojectswhichtargetedemploymentandsocialinclusionin
rural areas indicated also ineffective coordination at regional/county levels. Targeting of specific needs in rural
areasneedsbettercoordinationbetweenfundingsourcesingeneralaswellasbetweenlocalstakeholders.
Complementaritybetweentheinvestmentsin educationalinfrastructureprojectsfinancedwithin ROPandNRDP
20072013 and the projects financed within HRD SOP was not ensured, leading to reduced effectiveness and
sustainability of the ESF projects dedicated to education and training. Launching of future investments in
infrastructureshouldbecoordinatedwithrelevantESFprojects;
There was a lack of coordination between the resources allocated to the main areas of interventions and the
expectedimpactofinvestments(e.g.someinterventionswereunderfinanced,inallocatingresourcestodoctoral
and postdoctoral students, no appraisal was made of the prospective benefits, including their potential to
influenceRomaniaspositiononinternationalmarket).
The absorption rate for SOP HRD in the current programming period indicates also the need for changes in the
legal, institutional and procedural frameworks for the next programming period, such as: the simplification of
guidelines for applicants; reduced documentary requirements; improvements in the public procurement
legislation;theuseofsimplifiedcostoptions.
Maindevelopmentneeds
InformedbythefindingsoftheanalysisofDevelopmentChallengesandtheSWOTAnalysis(AnnexI),themain
developmentneedsinthefieldofEducationandtrainingare:
Improvingtheaccess,participationandgoodqualityofECEC;
Strengtheningaccessibility,qualityandlearningachievementsincompulsoryeducation;
Increasingtheattractivenessofprimaryandsecondaryeducation,includingIVET;
Intensiveinterventionstoaddresstheeducationalneedsofgroupsatriskofexclusion(childrenfrom
socialandeconomicdisadvantagedbackgrounds,Roma,SEN,etc.);
ImprovingqualityandrelevanceofVET(bothIVETandCVT)andtertiaryeducationtolabourmarket
needs;
Enhancingaccesstoandsupportingparticipationintertiaryeducation;

49
 Enhancing access and quality of learning provision for adults130, with focus on relevant basic and
transversalskills;
Fostering lifelong learning and vocational training (short term/initial training) in the agriculture and
foodprocessingsectors;
ExploitingICTineducationasaforceformodernisation;
Reformingthehumanresourcesmanagementineducationalsystem.

INFRASTRUCTURECHALLENGE
ICTinfrastructure
General
Informationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICTs)areimportantfordevelopingcountries.Theycreatenewways
ofinteracting,doingbusiness,anddeliveringservices.ThroughextendingaccesstoICTsandencouragingtheiruse,
the EU aims to stimulate sustainable economic growth, improve service delivery, and promote good governance
andsocialaccountability.ITCsarealsoassociatedwitheconomicgrowth.
The Digital Agenda for Europe, a flagship initiative of the Europe 2020 Strategy, underlines the importance of
broadbandconnectivityforEuropeangrowthandinnovationandforsocialinclusionandemployment.TheDigital
AgendasetsambitiouscoverageandspeedtargetsandrequiresMemberStatestotakemeasures,includinglegal
provisions,tofacilitatebroadbandinvestment.TheDigitalAgendatargetsandRomania'spositionrelativetothese
are shown below. It may be seen that Romania has particular gaps with the EU Targets in relation to NGA
broadband access, overall internet use and digital literacy, reflected in significant shortfalls in ecommerce by
businessandcitizens.
131
Objective2020 EUTargets Current situationRO
Coveredbybroadband 100%by2013 89.8%(2012)
Coveredbybroadbandabove30Mbps 100%by2020 63.7%(2013)
Subscriptionstofixedbroadbandabove100Mbps 50%by2020 18.9%(2013)
Populationtobuyonline 50%by2015 5%(2012)
Populationtobuyonlinecrossborder 20%by2015 1%(2012)
SMEstomakeonlinesales 33%by2015 5%(2012)
Differencebetweenroamingandnationaltariffs toapproachzeroby2015
Regularinternetusageoverall 75%by2015 43%(2012)
Amongdisadvantagedpeople 60%by2015 24%(2012)
Populationthathasneverusedtheinternet 15%by2015 48%(2012)
CitizensusingeGovernment 50%by2015 37%(2012)
Returningcompletedforms 25%by2015 4%(2012)
Keycrossborderpublicservices,online 100%by2015 N/A
PublicinvestmentinICTR&D doubledto11bnby2020 27.3m(2011)
Energyuseoflighting(%) reducedby20%by2020 N/A
The focus in this Chapter is on ICT Infrastructure, but ICTs have a horizontal presence across the Challenges
identifiedinthePA:
as a growth sector, a source of enhanced business performance and a regulatory issue under the
CompetitivenessChallenge;
asatoolforimprovingeducationandhealthservicesandasaskillsissueunderthePeopleandSociety
Challenge;
inidentifying,monitoringandmanagingenvironmentalissuesundertheResourcesChallenge;
as means to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government under the Administration and
GovernmentChallenge;
The accessibility and quality of broadband infrastructure is fundamental to realising benefits from ICTs in all of
theseareas.
Basicbroadbandandnewgenerationaccess
Romania has been addressing market failure in the provision of basic broadband132 through the National
Broadband Strategy 2007, RoNet initiative and under a specific submeasure financed by EAFRD. By 2012, basic

130
UndertheTOno.8aretobefinancedmeasuresforworkforcedevelopmenttargetedtolongtermunemployed/inactivewhileunderTOno.10(LLL)areto
befinancedmeasuresforthoseemployed
131
Sources:http://ec.europa.eu/digitalagenda/en/scoreboard/romania;ANCOM

50
broadbandcovered89.8%ofhomesinRomania(compared95.5%intheEU).Coverageofbasicbroadbandshould
becomplete(100%ofterritorycovered)in2015,withERDF&EAFRDassistancefromthe200713period.
Progress towards delivery of basic broadband has been delivered in Romania by exploiting existing fixed
infrastructureandmobilebroadband.However,thestepchangetoNGAspeedaccesswillrequirefibreopticfixed
networkor4Gmobiletechnologiestoachieve.
TherecentheavyinvestmentintelecommunicationsinfrastructureinRomania,includingundertheRoNetinitiative
has resulted in considerable progress in installing Next Generation Access capable of providing at least 30 Mbps
download.In2012,thiswasavailableto63.7%ofhomes(comparedwith53.8%intheEU).However,presentlythin
markets, combined with the dispersed pattern of settlement in Romania represent a significant obstacle to the
extensionofNGAaccess,particularlyinRomania'sruralareas.
Recentconsultationswithoperators133concerningtheexistenceofinfrastructureandtheintentiontoinvestina
total of 12,487 rural localities resulted in the identification of 2,268 localities where there are no broadband
networkseitherinthelocallooparea,orinthebackhaularea,andwherethereisnojustifiedintentiontoinvest
expressedbyprivateoperators.
ResearchforRomania'sNationalPlanfortheDevelopmentofNextGenerationAccessInfrastructuresuggeststhat
intheabsenceofpublicsectorintervention,by2020,intermsofterritoriality:
with limited exceptions, the market will deliver the Digital Agenda targets in urban areas, with 90% of
householdswillbecoveredbyfixedNGAinfrastructureaffording100Mbpsaccess;
there will be significant market failure in rural areas134 and less than 50% of households will be covered
withspeedsover30Mbpswhilethepercentageofhouseholdswithaccessatspeedsover100Mbpswill
notexceed20%.
Public investment in 201420 will take place in the framework of the National Plan for Development of NGA
Infrastructure, targeting areas subject to market failure and informed by GISbased mapping of the existing
communicationsinfrastructuretobecompletedbyANCOMin2014135.
Broadbandtakeup
The level of broadband takeup in Romania (16.6 connections per 100 population) is much lower that the EU27
average136 (28.8) reflecting the country's low level of digital literacy (48% of Romanians have still never used a
computer).Theresultingthinnessinmarketdemandcontinuestobeamajorfactorinmarketfailureinthedelivery
ofbroadbandservices.
AccordingtoMSI,in2012,43.8%ofhouseholdshadInternetaccessviaafixedbroadbandconnection,compared
withanEUaverageof75.6%.Intermsofterritoriality,mostofthesewerelocatedinurbanAreaswhere60.3%of
households were connected; more than double the rate in rural areas (23.47%). Urbanrural disparities reflect a
combination of income levels, the availability of computers in the home, and digital literacy. Access to basic
broadband,previouslyasignificantobstacle,isdiminishingastheRoNetinitiativeisrolledout.
Increasedlevelsoftakeup,particularlyinRomania'sruralareas,arefundamentaltoRomania'stransformationto
an information society and to avoiding digital exclusion as public and private services are increasingly delivered
online.
Maindevelopmentneeds
InformedbythefindingsoftheanalysisofDevelopmentChallengesandtheSWOTAnalysis(AnnexI),themain
developmentneedsare:
- overcomingmarketfailureintheprovisionofNGAinfrastructureandrelatedservicesinlinewithTheDigital
Agenda Strategy for Romania and with The National Plan for the Development of Next Generation Access
Infrastructure.
Transport
Outdatedtransportinfrastructurewhichimpedesdevelopment
Romania, due to its geographical position, is an important European traffic node for passengers and goods,
facilitatingconnectivitythroughouttheCentralEurope,theBlackSeaandtheCaucasianCaspicarea.However,it

132
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7.
133
Source:ANCOM,2013.
134
AccordingtoANCOMsbiannualreportsthedemandforbroadbandinternetservicesincreasedstartingfrom2006withrespecttobothfixedandmobile
technologies(http://www.ancom.org.ro/statisticicomunicatii_2003)andaccordingtodataprovidedbysignificantmarketplayerswithintheworkshops
dedicatedtodraftingtheNGANationalPlanwasestimatedthedevelopingpotential.
135
InaccordancewithLawno.154/2012
136
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7.

51
has underdeveloped and outdated transport infrastructure and this is a major barrier to its development and
economicgrowth.
Although there have been some major transport investments, the sector is still subject to problems regarding
connectivityineachtransportmodeduetothebacklogofinvestments,aswellasadministrativedeficienciesinthe
maintenanceandoperationoftheinfrastructure.
Moreover, development of the infrastructure has lacked a strategic approach, founded on appraisal of
development needs and realistic forecasts of goods and passenger volumes. As a result of unsystematic
investment, the network continues to be subject to bottlenecks, to long travel times and to disparities in the
accessibilityofRomania'sregions.
Accessibilityiscloselylinkedtoeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Theunderdevelopedtransportnetworkandlow
quality of services are barriers to the development of small and medium towns, villages and communes. The
negative effects are highlighted in low labour mobility and consequently high inactivity, limited access to basic
services,hightravelandtransportcostsandlongjourneys,allofwhichconstraincompetitiveness.
Romaniahasaccessibilityconstraints andahighincidenceoffatalandinjuryaccidentsduetopoorqualityofthe
roadinfrastructure,gapsinTENTconnectivitybetweeneastandwestofthecountry,theslowprogressinrailway
modernization and low speed of passenger and freight trains. Some parts of the country are severely
disadvantaged, in particular the northern regions along the borders with Ukraine and Moldova and the Danube
Delta.
Furthermore,theCarpathianMountainsobstruct connectivity between the centrewestandtheeastandsouth
east.TheDanubeRiveralsodividesthesoutheastofthecountryfromtherest.Transportinvestmentsthatcross
thesenaturalbarriershaveaveryhighdevelopmentcost.
RomaniarankslastamongtheEUmemberstatesfromthepointofviewofthequalityofoverallinfrastructure,the
quality of roads infrastructure and the quality of railway infrastructure137. The lack of quality transport
infrastructure in Romania places additional cost burdens on the private sector impeding integration with the EU
marketsandreducingproductivity.
Romania is currently elaborating the General Master Plan for Transport to 2020 and 2030138, which takes a
multimodalapproachtotransportmodellingandinvestmentinordertojustifytheinterventionsinthesector.The
conclusionsoftheGTMPwillbeavailableinJuly2014,butotherreportsproducedintheinterimhavebeentaken
intoaccountinthisPartnershipAgreementandwillsupporttheelaborationoftheLargeInfrastructureOperational
Programme.
CountrySpecificRecommendation2013:
- continue the corporate governance reform of state owned enterprises in the transport sector and adopt a
comprehensivelongtermtransportplan
Animprovingpictureinroadtransport
Although there has been significant investment in recent years, the Romanian road network has insufficient
capacity in comparison to existing traffic flows, the movement of persons and freight being relatively slow and
inefficient.
Outofanetworkofsome84,000kmin2012,only0.6%oflengthwasmotorwaysandapprox.20.0%wasnational
roads. Just less than 80% was county and communal roads. The motorways are incomplete; the connection
betweenHUROborderandConstantahasyettobecompletedtomotorwaystandard.Investmentsmadeduring
20072013programmingperiodrepresentaseriousstartingpointforfutureinterventions:thelengthofunmade
roadshasdecreasedbynearly300km,andmacadamcountyroadbyover2,200km,whiletheasphaltmediumand
heavytypeincreasedby2,540km.
Themainproblemsofsecondaryroadsnetworkarealackofringroadsinmostoftownsandvillagesleadingto
increased travel time, increased fuel consumption, pollution levels and hence transport costs, restricted carrying
capacity (trucksoflessthan20tonnestrucksaresupportedon thelargemajority)withdirecteffectonflowsof
traffic and freight. Insufficient and even inadequate signalling gives rise to large disruptions in the normal traffic
flow with a high risk of accidents, high percentage of nonupgraded roads with bridges in immediate risk of
collapse.
Outdated customs infrastructure and management jeopardise the gains from investment in transport
infrastructure.Delaysatcustomsresultinincreasedinventorycostsforbusinessreducedutilizationfromtransport
equipmentanderodeRomania'scompetitivenessintradeandthetransitofgoods.

137
Source:GlobalCompetitivenessReport20122013.
138
HighlightedinEuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013).

52
Investments in infrastructure have to be done in the busiest locations, after a detailed assessment of the
correspondingcostsandbenefits.Oldcustomsinfrastructure,oldITsystemsandequipmentandalsoinsufficient
mobileequipmentleadtolongwaitingtimesincustoms.Queuingoftruckscouldbenoticeatsomeborderpoints,
buttheNationalModeloftheGTMPcouldbeusedtogetanoverallestimateviewofbenefitsofshorterwaiting
times,specialsurveysatthecustomspointswouldbeneededtoassessthelocationandfrequencyofbottlenecks.
Borderdelaysareacommonoccurrenceinrailtransportwheretherearechangesfromelectrictodieseltraction.
Also, there are delays due to single track sections and to the requirement for periodic inspections of old rolling
stock.Thewaitingtimecouldbeupto35hours.
Investment in customs infrastructure may be supported as part of network development and where there is
evidencethatdelayisdilutingthetimesavingbenefitsfrominvestments.
InvestmentprioritiesinmajorroadinfrastructurewillbedeterminedthroughtheGMTP.Investmentprioritiesas
regardslocalroadinfrastructurewillbejustifiedoneconomicgroundsintherelevantRegionalDevelopmentPlans.
Uncompetitiverailtransport
The transition to more sustainable transport is obstructed by the unreliability and poor consumer experience in
Romaniasrailsector.In2012,thenationalrailwaynetworkhadalengthof15,871km.Theconditionoftherailway
networkhasbeendeterioratingsince1990.Almost40%ofthecurrentrailwaynetworkisassessedaslifeexpired
and around 70% of rolling stock is outdated. Inadequate maintenance of railway infrastructure, due to funding
constraints,hasreducedtheefficiencyofthenetwork,causingspeedrestrictionsandincreasedtraveltimesand
resultinginpassengerschoosingtouseothermodesoftransport.
Between2007and2012railtrafficreducedby11%,mainlyduetothelowqualityofcurrentservicesandnottoan
inherentunattractivenessofrailtravel.
Since2011therailnetworkhasbeenrationalizedunderthetermsoftheStandbyAgreementwiththeIMFandthe
EC.Theoptimumscaleofrailnetworkwhichcanbeefficientlymaintainedandoperated and whichwillbeuseful
forpassengerandfreightneedswillbeakeyoutputoftheGTMP.Investmentprioritiesasregardslines,stations
androllingstockwillbedeterminedinthelightofitsfindingsandhavingregardtoviablelevelsofservice.
Wherelinesarerehabilitated,RomaniawillintroduceERTMS,whenthesignallingsystemisrenewed.Introduction
ofERTMSwillbelinkedtoinvestmentsinmodernrollingstock,whichisERTMSequipped.
TrafficsafetybelowEUstandards
Roadtransportincreasedfrom1millionvehiclesin1990to5.42millionattheendof2010.Roadaccidentfatality
ratesinRomaniahavebeenabovetheEUaveragesince2004.WhilethenumberoffatalaccidentsinRomaniais
decreasing,atarateof1.5%perannum,thisismuchlowerthantheEUaveragewhichhasbeenfallingbyalmost
5%perannum.In2011,43%ofthetotalnumberofaccidentsoccurredonnationalroadsand34%onroadswithin
cities.
During 2011 there were 192 accidents on the railways that involved rolling stock and persons. The number of
accidentvictimsdecreasedfrom441in2008to251in2011,butduring20052008theincreasewasrapid(from51
in2005to441in2008).
Thenumberofaccidentsinroadsandrailwaysectorscouldbereduced,basedontheidentificationofblackspots
andthemaincausesforaccidents,throughproperinvestmentsinsignalling,railwaylevelcrossing,motorwaysand
ringroadsconstruction,aswellasimprovingpedestriananddriverdiscipline.
Watertransportwithdevelopmentpotential
Thewaterwaysandportssectorconsistsof3maritimeports(Constanta,MangaliaandMidia),4rivermaritime
ports (Braila, Galati, Tulcea and Sulina), 26 river ports, the Danube River (1075 km), and the connecting canals
betweentheDanubeRiverandtheBlackSea.
ConstantaisRomaniasmainmaritimeport,strategicallysituatedtofeedfreightintotheheartlandofCentraland
EasternEuropeandhasthelargestcontainerterminalintheBlackSeaaswellashavingterminalsthathandlebulk
commodities and a modern passenger terminal. Traffic through Constanta has increased since 2009 and in 2012
the total freight traffic was of approx. 50.5 million tonnes. Constanta serves both Romania and neighbouring
countriesviaitsrailwaynetworkandtheDanubeRiver.
ThefullpotentialofConstantaportisnotbeingrealisedduetosomepartsoftheportneedingrehabilitationanda
lack of intermodal infrastructure to allow smooth transhipment of containerised goods. Slow journey times by
road,railandwatertodestinationsinRomaniaandbeyondarecausingConstantatolosemarketsharetoAdriatic
ports.
Romania has 30 ports located on the Danube River and navigable canals. The potential of these ports mainly
derivesfromindustrysituatedinCraiovaareaandfromcerealproducerslocatedinthesouthpartofRomania.

53
Inthecontextoffuturedevelopmentofexportmarketsforagriculturalproductsandotherbulkcommodities,the
DanuberepresentsanimportantopportunitytoconnectthecountrytotheEuropeanmarketsandtoreducethe
pressureofroadtransportthatismorepolluting.However,whilewatertransportcouldhaveaconsiderablecost
advantageoverroadandrailitsuffersfrompoorreliability,partlydueinsufficientcontinuousdepthofwaterinthe
Danube fairway. Moreover, sections of the canals between the Danube River and the Black Sea are in poor
conditionandrequireimprovementtocontinuetooperateefficiently.
Waterlevelsbelow2.5mimpedethetugsandloadedbargeconvoystooperatefullyloadedinlargeconvoysof6
9barges,sothatareliable,cheapandpredictableservicecanbeofferedbytheshipoperators.Sevensectionsof
Danuberegularlyfallbelowdepthstandardof2.5m,requiredbyinternationalwaterwayasdefinedbytheUnited
Nations Economic Commission. There are two sections where problems are particularly acute. The first one is
betweenkm345andkm292ontheRomaniansectionandthesecondoneisbetweenkm576andkm528onthe
Bulgariansection.Theconsequencesoflowwaterlevelscanbesevere:onZimniceasector,ajourneyof150km
cantakeupfromsixhourstotwodaysduetoneedofsplittingtheconvoyanddoublingbackbythetugunderlow
waterconditions.
AnyimprovementtotheDanubefairwaywillincludemitigationmeasurestoreducetheenvironmentalimpacton
fish and shore life, which has to be balanced against the environmental benefits savings in fuel and emissions
savingsofwatertransportasopposedtorailandroadtransport.
RomaniaandBulgariashare470kmoftheDanube.Aninterministerialcommitteeforsustainabledevelopmentof
inland waterway transport has been established, covering the ROBG section of the river and to promote
connectivityoftheregion.
The development needs in relation to water transport will be assessed through the GTMP and investment
prioritizedaccordingtothefindings.
Intermodalityconfrontedbymodernizationchallenges
The Strategy for intermodal transport 2020 (2011), identifies 26 rail terminals of 10,500 TEU and 19 private
terminals that have as activity loading/unloading of containers. The terminals that are used for intermodal
transporthaveoldequipment,from19701980,thebuildingsandaccessroadsbeingnotinapropercondition.
Constantaisthefocalpointforaround80%ofallintermodal movementsbyrailinRomania.In2011,Constanta
portmoved5.2miltonnesincontainers.

Mode Tonnes MarketShare

RailCFRMarf 1,484,118 28%
River 108,783 2%
Road 2,332,200 45%
RailPrivate 225,000 4%
Transit* 1,072,899 21%
Total 5,223,000 100%
Sources:PortofConstanta,AECOManalysisofCFRMarfaData,andAECOMSurveys

Useofintermodalfreightreachedapeakin2007when912,509containers(1.41mTEU)werehandledthroughthe
Constantaport.Sincethentheeffectsoftheeconomicdownturn,andcompetitionfromotherports,haveaffected
the sector quite considerably. The volume dropped to 353,711 containers (557K TEU) in 2010, 39% of the 2007
levelbuthasincreasedslightlysincethen.
The development needs in relation to intermodal transport will be assessed through the GTMP and investment
prioritizedaccordingtothefindings.
Adynamicairtransportsector
International air services between Romanias main cities and the European hubs play an important role in
supportingbusinesses,attractionofforeigninvestmentandeconomicintegrationofRomaniawithintheEU.
Domesticairtransportaccountsfor43.6%oftheRomanianairmarket,whileinternationaltransportaccountsfor
56.4%.Theforecasttrafficfor2013showsanincreasingtrendofnumberofpassengersforHenriCoandaairport,
Timisoara,ClujNapoca,IaiandBaiaMare.
MostdomesticairserviceshaveBucharestorTimisoaraasoriginordestination,soairconnectivitywithinRomania
tothesetwomajorcitiesisgood,butotherregionalcentrescannoteasilybereachedbyair.TheNordNordWest
ofthecountryisisolatedfromthepointofviewofairservices.
PrioritiesforinvestmentininternationalandregionalairportswillbedeterminedthroughtheGTMP,andmaybe
supported where economically justified (in terms of market and commercial feasibility), where market failure is
demonstratedandwhereStateAidrequirementsaremet.

54
Implementingissues
Restructuring of implementing agencies (road and rail), improving their management, monitoring capacities, and
proceduresandtheirreorganizationanddevelopmentofpersonnelskillsare,also,importanttasksthatneedtobe
accomplished for supporting transport sector development. Improved capacity for planning and coordination is
needed at national and regional level, for promoting socioeconomic potential of regions and improving of
accessibilityandconnectivity.
PerformanceContracts,toaWorldBanktemplate,willreplaceexistingContractssignedbetweentheMinistryof
Transport and CNCFR/CNADNR, and will set up clear objectives for the companies, both for investment and
maintenance(stemmingfromtheGTMP),securingtheafferentfundingsources.Thiswillimprovethevisibilityof
the companies, making them more efficient and accountable. The Ministry of Transport and the Department for
InvestmentProjectsandForeignInvestmentshaveagreedanimplementationdatefortheperformancecontracts,
afterthecompletionoftheGTMP,andinlinewiththestatebudgetfor2014.
Lessonslearned
Anamountof5.7billionEURinEUanddomesticfundingwasallocatedfordevelopmentofthetransportsectorin
Romania,for20072013period,whichrepresentsabout23%oftheoverallallocatedfundsforNSRFforRomania.
Shortcomings in the policy and strategy framework, as well as the lack of a transport master plan, deficient
preparation of projects and governance deficiencies in the management of the agencies conducted to a low
absorptionrate,evenalthoughthedevelopmentneedsofthesectorarehuge.
Projects must have economic and financial viability, quality of their preparation needs strengthening, with high
qualityfeasibilityandEIA/SEAstudies.Particularly,inlandnavigationprojectssuchasrivernavigationanddredging,
betteruseofnavigationalsystemshavetobecarefullyaddressed,duetolongtimefortheirpreparationandheavy
EIA procedures. Furthermore, it is necessary to increase the capacity in professional and administrative support
availabletobeneficiaries,tohavestandardizedproceduresandcontracts.Permitsissuedbylocalauthoritieswere
sometimesdelayedforreasonsnotunderthebeneficiaryscontrolandsomeconditionsstipulatedinthemwere
unreasonable.
Even the crisis affected the traffic of passengers and freight and the future financing of infrastructure, strategic
planning, investment programming and budgeting have to be integrated in a better manner, in order to have
betterimplementationresults.
Maindevelopmentneeds
For20142020period,allinvestmentinmajorinfrastructureprojects,foreachtransportmode,willbebasedon
theGeneralTransportMasterPlan.Investmentinlocalinfrastructurewillbejustifiedoneconomicgroundsinthe
relevantRegionalDevelopmentPlans.
TheGTMPtakesamultimodalapproachtotransportmodellingandinvestment,whichmeansthattheimpactof
investmentindifferentmodesoftransportistakenintoaccountincostbenefitanalysisandjustificationforeach
project. The result should be a map of the future transport infrastructure network, economically pertinent and
sustainable.Inthislatterrespect,2%ofGDPwillbeallocatedeachyearformaintenanceandinvestmentprojects
inthetransportsector.Inaddition,aspecialunitwithintheMinistryofTransportwillbeestablishedtomonitorthe
GTMP implementation. The Regional Development Plans will need to be consistent with the GTMP, taking into
accountjustifiedregionalandlocaltransportinfrastructureneeds,toensureconnectivityneedsandpromotionof
economicdevelopment.
Informed by the findings of the analysis of Development Challenges and the SWOT Analysis (Annex I), main
developmentneedsare:
Improving the accessibility of Romania and its regions and their connectivity with markets thereby
significantlyreducingtheobstaclestotheirdevelopmentanddiversificationinthecontextoftheGTMP;
ImprovingthesustainabilityofRomania'stransportmixandtheattractivenessalternativestoroadbased
transport.

RESOURCESCHALLENGE
Energyandclimatechangemitigation
Renewableenergygenerationandtransmission

55
Romaniahasawiderange,butreducingquantityoffossilprimaryenergyresourcesandminerals:oil,naturalgas,
coal and uranium as well as significant potential in renewable resources. Romania presently has a much lower
relianceonimportedenergy(21.7%in2010)thanintheEU27(52.7%).
The renewable energy sources and fossil fuels represent the main resources available to sustain the electricity
supplyfordomesticconsumersandbusinessesinthecomingdecades.Romania'spositionrelativetothetargets
establishedundertheEurope2020Strategyissummarisedinthefollowingtable:
EU27targets RomaniaassumedtargetsthroughNRP Romaniacurrentsituation
Objective2020
(%) (%) (%)
+19 12.84(2011emissionscompared
20
Sharetoreduceemissionsof (nationalbindingtarget to2005);
(comparedto
greenhousegases fornonETSsectors 6.4(2020projectedemissions
1990)
comparedto2005) comparedto2005)
Shareofrenewableenergyingross 22.90
20 24
finalenergyconsumption (2012)
16.6
(7.3Mtoereductionoftheprimary
19
Increasedenergyefficiency 20 energyconsumption2012as
(estimated10Mtoe)
comparedto
PRIMES2007projection)
CountrySpecificRecommendations2013:
toincreaseenergyefficiencyinbuildings,districtheating,industryandtransport;
tointegrateofRomania'selectricityandgasmarketsintheEUmarkets;
toimplementcrossborderconnectionsforgas.

RomaniaisclosetomeetingitsNational2020targetof24%ofgrossfinalenergyconsumptionfromrenewables
(having reached 22.9%, 2012)139. The Romanian Energy Strategy for 20072020, updated in 2011, estimates the
nationalpotentialofrenewableenergyat14,718ktoe,higherthanRomaniasimportsofprimaryenergyin2010
(11,239ktoe).Thecurrentannualtotalproductionofrenewableenergysourcesisabout6,550ktoe.Theremaining
unusedtechnicalpotentialisabout8,000ktoe,withthefollowingshares140:
Biomassandbiogas 47%
Solarenergy 19%
Windenergy 19%
Hydropower 14%
Geothermalenergy 2%
The share of RES electricity production in total gross electricity consumption is relatively close to the national
target(35%in2015andforecasted38%in2020),butthereisaneedtoidentifysolutionsinordertocompensate
fluctuationsduetoRESenergyproduction.
In2012,progressininstallingwindandsolarenergycapacitywasaheadofthescheduleinNREAP.However,less
progresshadbeenmadeininstallingmicrohydroenergyandbiomass,reflectedinthesmallcontributionofthese
energyresourcestoreachingintermediateand2020targets,justifyingpublicintervention.
AccordingtoNationalAgencyforEnergyRegulation(NAER)in2012,theproductionofelectricityfromRESwhich
benefited by the green certificate promotion system is 3,365,035 MWh and has the following structure: 78.45%
wind energy, hydropower 16.64%, 4.67% energy from biomass and 0.24% solar (electricity produced in
hydropowerplantswithinstalledcapacityabove10MWareexcluded).
Lawno.220/2008hasundergoneamajorchangewhichtemporarilypostponesthegrantingofanumberofgreen
certificatesforcertaintypesofRESandapprovingmeasurestoreducethenumberofgreencertificatesuntil2017.
Over time this will bring the installed renewable energy capacity into line with the targets set in the National
RenewableEnergyActionPlan(NREAP)incorrelationwithRomania's2020targetfortheshareofenergyproduced
from renewable energy sources in final energy consumption. Currently the reduction of the number of green
certificates does not show signs that a potential decrease in the interest for RES production will threaten the
RomanianEU2020targetonrenewables.
The lines and the substations forming national transmission system were built, mostly in the years 19601970.
Although the operator runs a maintenance program and imposed a sustained program of refurbishment and
upgradingoffacilitiesandequipment,50%ofstationsareretrofitted,and65%oftheoperatingtimeisexceeded.
Therefore,investmentisneededupgradingelectricitytransmissionnetworksinordertoensuresecurityofsupply
andreducelosses.

139
NISdatamentionedintothedraftoftheProgressReportfor20112012accordingtoDirective2009/28/EC
140
DatapresentedareinlinewithNationalStrategy20072020

56
Withawindpowerinstalledcapacityofabout25003500MW(dependingonlocation,especiallyinDobrogeaand
Moldova),thereisariskofunsafeloadsonthetransmissionsystem.
Electricity and natural gas for households started to be liberalized on July 1st 2007, in Romania and 12 other EU
countries.InRomaniathederegulationofelectricitypricesistobeaccomplishedinsixstagesforindustrialsector
and ten stages for households by July 2017. Pricing of gas will be deregulated for industrial sector and for
householdsbyDecember2018.
Energyconsumptionandefficiencypotential
According to Eurostat, in 2010 the average energy intensity of the economy of EU27 countries was
0.152toe/1000.TheRomanianeconomyisnowabout2.6timesasenergyintensiveastheEU27average141.
AccordingNAERtheenergyintensityforprimaryenergyconsumptionattheendof2012was0.37toe/1000)while
the 2020 target is 0.26toe/1000. A gap remains between the targets set in the NEEAP and energy intensity
achieved(0.11toe/1000)whichrequiresanincreaseinmeasuresdedicatedtoenergyefficiency.
Withthederegulationofgasandelectricityprices,thedecliningtrendinenergyintensityisexpectedtocontinue.
Therelativeconsumptionofenergybysector,andthepotentialofsavingestimatedundertheRomanianEnergy
Strategyisasfollows:
Industry 31%oftotal, savingspotential13.0%;
Households 36%oftotal, savingspotential41.5%;
Transport 22%oftotal, savingspotential31.5%;
TertiarySector 11%oftotal, savingspotential14.0%.
Romaniais committed to aNational2020targetlimitinggreenhousegasemissionsto+19%fornonETSsectors
overthe2005level(withanoverall2011emissionslevelofalmost13%comparedto2005).Projectedgrowthof
the economy will generate increased demand for energy and hence, energy efficiency measures142 are an
importantpathwaytocontrollingGHGemissions.
NationalClimateChangeStrategy20132020adoptedin2012,statestheimportanceofDecision406/2009/ECon
theeffortofMemberStatestoreduceemissionsofgreenhousegasesby2020undercommitments.
Energy efficiency is being pursued within the framework of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP)
whichproposesmeasurestoreachanindicativesavingstargetof9%(comparedtoaverage200105)by2016.The
nationaltargetfor2016wassetat13.5%ofaveragefinalconsumptiontakenfromtheperiod20012005(witha
2010targetof4.5%).
Recent assessment shows that energy savings achieved by the end of 2010 (2,222 ktoe) exceeded by far the
intermediatetargetfor2010ofNEEAP(940ktoe) andarerelativelyclosetothe targetassumedby Romaniafor
2016(2,800ktoe),butthesevaluesreflectareductionofenergyuseduetothedisappearanceoflargeindustrial
consumersandrecessionaswellasimprovedenergyperformance.
Although investments in energy efficiency can deliver significant climate mitigation and macroeconomic benefits
contributing to sustainable development at relatively low cost, in the early stage of development of capital and
energy efficiency markets, public funding may be needed to provide liquidity and assurance to investors143.
Financial instruments tailored to national circumstances and the targeted sector may be appropriate to securing
energyefficiencyinvestmentsontherequiredscale.Prioritiesandmechanismswillbedeterminedonthebasisof
theexanteassessmentoffinancialinstruments.
Industry
Inperiod19992010theenergyintensityoftheRomanianeconomydecreasedby36.4%(about4%perannumon
average).Thistrendispartlyduetoimprovedenergyefficiencyandespeciallyduetothestructuralchangesinthe
nationaleconomy(disappearanceoflargeindustrialconsumers).
Romaniahascommitteditselftoatargetofprimaryenergyconsumptionof43Mtoein2020whichrepresentsa
19%reductioncomparedtotheforecastedprimaryenergyconsumption(10MtoecorrespondingtoPRIMES2007
scenario).
The EBRDs study The National Action Plans for Energy Efficiency Sector in Romania SWOT analysis of results,
RecommendedEnergyEfficiencymeasuresunderNEEAPIII,finishedinMarch2014,showsthattherestillremainsa
targetof0.82Mtoefor2020andittakesintoaccountthereductioninenergyconsumptionduetotheeconomic

141
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p9
142
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p5,p7;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p15.
143
ExpertevaluationnetworkdeliveringpolicyanalysisontheperformanceofCohesionpolicy20072013(LIDEEA)Year22012,Task1:Financialengineering,
RomaniaReporttotheEuropeanCommissionDGRegionalPolicyp13

57
crisis,theeffectofmacroeconomicrestructuringinreducingtheshareofenergyintensiveindustriesinGDPand
energyefficiencymeasuresimplementedintheperiod20072013.
Directive 27/2012 confirms the significant potential for primary energy savings of highefficiency
cogeneration.AccordingtotheRomanianEnergyStrategy20072020updatedmeasuresshouldbeintroduced to
promotecogenerationratedlessthan8MW,toboostenergydistributedgeneration.
Afteraperiodofdeclineduetotheeconomiccrisis,industrialdemandforelectricityandheatproductionisagain
growing. Increasing use of highefficiency cogeneration was reflected in the commissioning of new CHP capacity
(approx. 15MWe biomass and approx. 90MWe fossil fuel) in 20092011144and the early retirement of inefficient
cogenerationunitsinstalledbefore1998.ThegreateruseofCHPsystemsbyindustrialconsumerswillalsoleadto
the reduction of transmission losses. Support of ESI Funds for investment in industrial CHP will be subject to
assessmentofthefundinggapandthedevelopmentofaStateAidscheme.
Systemsmonitoringdistributionofelectricityandheatinindustrialprocessesprovidedetailedinformationonthe
efficiencyofenergydevicesandpowersupplynetworks.
Taking into account the actual experience, complex energy audits that can determine in detail the structure of
energylossesinindustrialplatformsareveryexpensivebecauseofthelackofequipmentrelatedtodeepmetering
formostconsumers.
Measures aimed at installing complex systems monitoring or completing the existing ones addressed to the
industrialcustomers,inNonETSsectors,withtotalenergyconsumptionover1000toe/year(whichmaybelargeor
SMEs).
Inadditiontotheimmediatereductionoflossesitprovidesatooltoquantifythepotentialsavingsandthelocation
oftheapplicationspointsinordertomaximizetheenergyefficiencymeasuresthatcanbeappliedsubsequentlyto
theconsumer.Furthermore,installingamonitoringsystemofferstheopportunitytoknowonlineenergysituation
ofindustrialplatformsandtoquantifytheeffectsofmeasurestoincreaseenergyefficiencyatafrequencymuch
higherthanachievinganenergyaudit.
Services
Thepublicandprivateservicessectorsconsumeabout11%ofthefinalenergyinRomania.Withthegrowthofthe
services,theirshareoftheenergyconsumptiontendstoincrease.Theenergyconsumptioninthesectorismainly
throughbuildingswheretheservicesareprovidedandthesearediscussedfurtherbelow.
Residentialandnonresidentialbuildings
Buildingsareamajorconsumerofenergyandamajorcontributortogreenhousegasemissions.
Morethan75%ofRomania'sresidentialstockwasbuiltfollowingWorldWarII.In particular,Romaniaownsthe
largestnumberofblocksofflatsintheCentralEurope.Some2.4millionapartmentswerebuiltbefore1985andare
inneedofrenovationthermalinsulation145.
Nonresidential buildings comprise diverse types such as offices, hospitals, schools, cultural buildings, etc.
Preliminary data estimates that in 2010 there were 5,982 educational buildings, 4,342 cultural buildings, 51,269
buildingsforhealthservices,etc.
During the communist era, public buildings and blocks of flats were constructed to low standards of energy
efficiency. Minimum requirements for energy efficiency started to be applied only from January 1998.
TranspositionoftheDirective2010/31/EContheenergyperformanceofbuildingsiscompleted(Law159/2013).
The residential and tertiary building sector (offices, commercial spaces, hotels, restaurants, schools, hospitals,
sports halls, etc.) are the highest energy enduse consumers when heating, lighting, household appliances and
equipmentaretakenintoaccount.Asregardstotheenergyperformanceofnonresidentialbuildingstheenergy
consumptionishigherthanofresidentialbuildings146.
TheRomanianauthoritieshaveassumedresponsibilityfortransposingDirective2012/27/ECandforimplementing
therequirementtorenovate3%ofthetotalfloorareaof"heatedand/orcooledbuildingsownedandoccupiedby
theircentralgovernment".
Thesourcesoffundingandfinancialarrangementsaretobeestablished,andaninventoryofbuildingsownedby
centralgovernmentiscurrentlybeingcarriedout.

144
RomaniaReportpursuanttoart.6(3)andart.10(2)ofDirective2004/8/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilonthepromotionof
cogenerationbasedonausefulheatdemandintheinternalenergymarketandamendingDirective92/42/EEC
145
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p5,p7;NationalReformProgramme201113ProgressReport(March2013)p15;
EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June2013)p9.
146
ThisconclusionwasdrawnfromaJaspersprojectimplementationwiththeMinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandPublicAdministration.

58
According to Energy Efficiency Directive another issue is the consumption based on metering of electricity, gas,
heathotwater.Smartmeteringsystemshavepotentialtoreducenetworkslossesandwillallowtheconsumerto
participateintheenergymarket.
IntelligentpowerdistributionhasbecomeapriorityforANRE,basedontheprovisionsofLaw123/2012electricity
and natural gas, which has launched a public consultation on the adoption of a law designed to regulate the
deploymentofsmartmeteringnationallyby2020.
Districtheating
The efficiency of the district heating transmission and distribution systems is very poor, threatening the
sustainability of the systems in many cities. In 2010 the average heat losses in the distribution networks were
29%147.Tobesustainable,thesystemshouldnothavehigherheatlossesthanabout10%.Bringingthelossesto
thatlevelwouldsaveabout400ktoe/aprimaryenergy.
Current systems are characterized by outdated equipment with low yields (the cogeneration) and losses in
transportation and distribution of heat (between 10 and 50% in some cases). Low efficiency is due to the
disappearance of parallel industrial use of steam and hot water that has lowered service quality, resulted in
increasedusercharges,andhasimposedanunsustainableburdenonlocalbudgets.
RehabilitationofsevendistrictheatingprojectswassupportedwithStructuralFundsin200713.Inordertoensure
anoptimalcompletion,supportforfurtherinvestment(estimatedat120m)isproposedin201420.Inthesame
timewillbeenvisagedtobecorrelatedtotherenovationthermalinsulationofthecorrespondingbuildings.Also,it
willbeneededtosupportdistrictheatinginBucharestIlfovregionfromESIFunds.
Lightingforpublicspace
Lightingforpublicspaceaccountsforalargeproportionofpublicenergyuseineverylocality,especiallyincities.
Reduction of energy consumption and of CO2 emissions could be achieved by the application of innovative
technologies and approaches. Assuming that the electricity consumption in the public buildings represent
maximum15%ofthetotal,theelectricityconsumptionforpubliclighting(withoutthepublicbuildings)represent
between544and624GWh/year.
According to information provided within the NEEAP for a conservative average savings potential of 30%, the
annual energy savings obtained by improving energy efficiency in public lighting will represent at least 187
GWh/year(equivalentof76ktCO2emissionsreductionsannually).
Transport
AcrosstheEU,transportremainsthesectorwiththegreatestgrowthinGHGemissions,reflectinggrowingdemand
for passengers and goods transportation, as well as preferences for road transportation instead of other less
polluting modes148. Between 1989 and 2011, GHG emissions from Romania's transport sector increased by
92.5%149. Urban transport in Romanian cities is largely aged and reliant on bus and minibus services150. The
rehabilitation and renewal of urban transport systems, potentially covering trams, trolley buses and the
introduction of intelligent transport, is expected to be a feature of integrated sustainable urban development
projectsinseveralcities.Inthesustainablemobilityplans,inparallel,willbetakenmeasurestodiscouragecaruse.
Such developments will make a significant contribution to socioeconomic objectives, climate change, and air
qualityincreasingandenergyefficiencyinadditiontoplacecompetitiveness.
Agriculture,forestryandfisheries
Agriculture and forestry can make an important contribution in the fight against climate change, a phenomenon
reflectedinRomaniahightemperatures,longdroughtsandfloodsandimpactingupontheyieldofagricultureand
forestry,valuablehabitatsandecosystemsaswellasonlocalcommunities.
GHG emission in the agriculture sector in 2011 was some 18,94 million tonnes CO2 equivalent, representing a
48.4%reductioncomparedto1990leveland10%reductioncomparedwith2005level.In2011,agriculturesector
generated approximately 16% of Romania's total GHG emissions (excluding LULUCF), close to the EU average of
around14%.
Themainsourcesofemissionsareentericfermentation(methaneemissions(CH445.14%),manuremanagement
(CH4 and N2O aprox.9.5%), rice cultivation (CH4 0.1%), agricultural soils (N2O 47.9%) and combustion of
residuesfromagriculture(CH4,N2O,NOxandCO0.9%).ThemainfactorsinthereductionofGHGemissionsfrom

147
ChallengesandopportunitiesforcentralizedsupplyofheatinginRomania,PwC2011
148
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7;EuropeanCouncilRecommendationsonRomania'sNationalReformProgramme(June
2013)p9.
149
Source:NationalGHGInventoryofRomania,2013.
150
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7.

59
agriculturearethereductionoflivestock,thedecreasingricecropareaandfertiliseruse.Othersignificantfactors
contributing to a low level of GHG emissions in the agriculture sector are the low level of mechanization in
Romanianagriculturetogetherwithsmallareascoveredbygreenhouses.
ThereispotentialtomitigateGHGemissionsandtocontributetoclimatechangemanagementthroughmeasures
inagricultureandforestrysectorsincluding:
agrienvironment and organic farming measures, which will contribute to decrease the level of chemical
fertilizersusageandloadofgrazinglivestockperunitarea,improvethemanuremanagement,reduce
theuseofmechanisedequipment,etc.
afforestationofagriculturalandnonagriculturallandwhichwillreducewaterrunoffandincreasecarbon
sequestration.
watershedmanagementonagriculturalandforestrylandwhichwillhelptoreducefloodsandincreasesoil
protection,giventhegrowingnumberofextremeweatherphenomenathatareexpected.
further development of the underused potential from biomass and biogas for renewable energy
production;
adoption of new fuel efficient technologies and renewable energy production and consumption in
agricultural,foodprocessingandforestrysectors.
increasedenergyefficiencyofthefishingvesselsandprocessingunits.
Transmissionofenergy(naturalgas)
Around69%ofthetotallengthoftheNationalGasTransmissionSystem(NGTS)hasanoutdatednormedduration
ofoperation.
At present, the NGTS is inadequately configured to match future sources of supply and demand and to ensure
securityofsupply.TheNGTSoperatorisengagedinseveralprojectstofacilitateinterconnectivitywiththenatural
gas transport systems from neighbouring countries (Hungary, Bulgaria, Moldova) and need ESI Funds support to
invest in a proper way. Thus, it is necessary to build new gas compression stations, to upgrade some pipeline
sectionsandbuildnewones,inordertoensuretheadequatesystempressureforthebidirectionaloperationof
interconnections.However,inthecontextoftheEuropeanapproachesregardingtheprovisionsofnewsourcesof
gassupply,SNTGoperatorenvisagesinvestmentsinprocuringandtransportingtotheinternalandexternalareas
ofgasconsumptioncomingfromtheimplementationoftheAGRIprojectand/oroffshoreminingintheBlackSea.
Lessonslearned
Energy
AlthoughrequestsforsupportofenergyprojectshaveexceededtheinitialStructuralFundsallocation,anumberof
beneficiaries claimed financial problems because of the deduction of provision related to the green certificate
scheme.ForthenextperiodpolicyconsistencymustbeensuredbetweennationalandCommunityFunds.
Astheoutputgeneratedfromlocalrenewablesprojectsincreases,theirconnectionwiththenationalpowergrid
and/orstoragewillbeimportanttoenablesurplusenergytobeusedmoreeffectivelyandforthefullpotentialof
renewableenergytoberealised.
For 20142020 a better dialogue is needed between the Romanian authorities and COM services and also an
adequateframingofactionsintheoperationalprogrammes.
Forenergyefficiencyprojectsinindustry,itwasfoundthat:
thebankingsectorisreluctanttofinanceprojectsinthisfield.
where the payback time exceeds 3 years, companies prefer to allocate their available capital to core
investmentorimmediatemodernizationoftheirproductionprocesses.
a focus on efficiency gains in industrial projects fails to take account of the main motivation for such
reinvestment being enhanced competitiveness; accordingly mainstreaming of energy efficiency
requirementswhereproductiveinvestmentisbeingsupportedisliabletobemoreeffective.
Thereisaneedtobetteralignenergyefficiencyandotherpublicpolicies(e.g.greencertificatesandsupportforco
generation). Energy efficiency in buildings schemes, financed by Structural Funds, which require cofunding from
beneficiaries,experiencedlowtakeupbecausepreviouslytherewereschemesproviding100%publicsupport.
Otherlessonslearnedrefertotheneed:
foracoordinatedbridgefinancingsystem
tocreatefacilitiesinordertocounterbalancethelackoffinancialresourcesforLPAs;
tocorrelatethelegislativeframeworkintheareascoveredbytheESIFundssupportmeasures(e.g.green
certificates,supportforcogeneration);

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 tobettercorrelateandmoreclearlyspecifythedelimitationbetweenprograms;
toidentifynewtypesofeligibleapplicantsorfocusonaspecificcategoryofbeneficiaries(e.g.largeenergy
consumers from industry, producers of less exploited renewable energy types, manufacturers of heat
fromrenewableresources);forabetterpreparationofmajorprojects.
Maindevelopmentneeds
Informed by the findings of the analysis of Development Challenges and the SWOT Analysis (Annex I), main
developmentneedsare:
PromotingtheproductionanddistributionofenergyfromRES;
Promotingtheuseofhighefficiencycogenerationbasedonusefulheatdemand;
Improvingenergyefficiencybydevelopingsmartdistributionsystems;
Assuringthesustainabilityofmunicipaldistrictheatingsystemsbyreducingheatlossesonthenetwork;
Enhancingenergyefficiencyintheresidentialandpublicbuildingstockandthepublicrealm,includingin
publiclighting;
Improving the energy efficiency of transport, including urban transport systems and the fishing vessels
andprocessingunits;
Improvingenergyefficiencybydevelopingsmarttransmissionsystems;
Reducinggreenhousegasemissionsinagriculturalandforestrysectors;
Enhancingcarbonsequestrationparticularlyinagricultureandforestry.
Climatechangeadaptation,riskpreventionandmanagement
Romanianterritoryhasanampleexposuretoclimatechangebeingaffecteddifferentlybyclimaterelatedextreme
events.Romanianregionshavedistinctphysical,environmental,social,culturalandeconomiccharacteristicsthat
result in different sensitivities to climate change. The key risks associated to climate changes are floods and
drought.
Itisarealitythataregionwithahighclimatechangeimpactcanbecomemoderatelyvulnerableifitiswelladapted
to the anticipated climate changes. For this reason action concerning adaptation to climate change will be
developedintheframeworkofTheNationalClimateChangeStrategyfor20132020,adoptedinJuly2013andto
be complemented by the National Action Plan for Climate Change. The strategy encompasses a comprehensive
overview and proposes key measures and actions for various sectors falling under mitigation and adaptation
objectivesandhastwomaindirectionsforaction:
reductionofgreenhousegasemissionsanddepletionofthesoilcarbonstock;
adaptationtothenegativeeffectsofclimatechangethroughactionsatnational&sectorallevel.
Adaptation to climate change will be also addressed in agricultural sector by a range of nonstructural actions
relatedtoimproveknowledgetransferandinformationon:energyefficiencyinagriculturalequipment,adaptation
tools, including environmentally sustainable new practices, climate change risks information. Fostering organic
farmingandotherenvironmentandclimatefriendlylandmanagementpracticeswillalsocontributetoadaptation
toclimatechangebyusinglocallyadaptedcropsandextensiveagriculturalmethods. Thelackoffundshasaswell
negativelyinfluencedtheinfrastructureforadaptingagriculturetoclimatechangeswhiletheRomanianagriculture
continuestobeintensivelydependentontothemeteorologicalconditions,whichgenerateshighfluctuationsinthe
farmersincome.Theexistingirrigationsystemsarelargelydegradedandnonoperational,theirusebeingcostly
forfarmers;therefore,eveniftheagriculturalareaequippedforirrigation(3.1mil.ha.in2012meaning23,3%of
UAA)hasnotchangedsignificantly,theareaactuallyirrigatedwasofjust1.2%ofUAA.
In order to adequately manage the water and soil resources, there are also needed investments in increasing
efficiencyofwateruseinagriculture.
TheRomanianglobalobjectivefor2020intherisksmanagementsectoristofurtherreducethevulnerabilitytoall
risks, while improving the quality of emergency services, based on national risk assessment and developing the
administrativecapacitytorespondtodisasters.
Thenationalriskassessment,whichwillberealiseduntil2015,willpromoteaholisticapproachonrisksfocussing
ontherisksgeneratedbyclimatechange,suchasfloods,anddrought,coastalerosionandforestfire.
Assessmentandmappingofrisks
AsetofworkinginstrumentsfornationalriskassessmentwillbedevelopedundertheprojectSupportforfulfilling
exante conditionality 5.1 National Risk Assessment. This project will provide also a first report on the risks
confrontingRomania,includingaprioritizationofrisks.

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The project will build upon the substantial progress made in recent years with support from Structural Funds in
assessingandmappingspecificrisks.
IntheRomaniansectoroftheDanubefloodplain,substantialprogresshasbeenmadewithdevelopinghazardand
flood risk maps under the Project Danube FLOODRISK, started after the historic floods in 2006 and finalized in
2012.Currently,MECCcoordinatesthedevelopmentofhazardmapsineachriverbasin,fundedbyEuropeanfunds
throughtheSOPPriorityAxis5atpresentbeing80%complete.Workonotherrisksevaluationisatanearlystage
ofdevelopment.
However,aNationalWorkingGroupforRiskAssessment(GLERN)istobeestablished,consistingofexpertsinrisk
assessment from central authorities and independent experts from the academic and private sectors, which will
haveresponsibilityforcoordinatingeffortsinnationalriskassessment.
Identificationofrisks
During the past decade, Romania has experienced numerous emergencies. Recurrent floods, forest fires and
drought have caused extensive loss and damage across the country. In some situations, the national response
capacitywasexceededbytheseverityofthedisasters.
Floods151
In Romania approximately 1.3 million hectares are subject to floods caused by natural origins, affecting almost
500,000inhabitants.Intermsofterritoriality,themainareasaffectedarelocatedalongthemainrivers,Danube
andtheRomanianPlain(Siret,BuzauCounty;Arges,Olt,JiuRivers)andtheBanatCrisanaPlain(SomesCris,Mures
rivers)rivers.
In mountainous and hilly areas where river beds are steeply sloping (100200 m/km) and in narrow floodplains,
powerful floods may be accompanied by intensive erosion of river banks, resulting in landslides that may bar
valleys.
TheNorth,WestandCentralareasofRomaniahaverecordedanincreasedincidenceoffloodingthatisattributed
toclimatechange.
During the last 10 years, almost every year, significant floods and flash floods have occurred. 142 people were
killedbyfloods,27.000housesandthousandsofkmofnationalroadsweredestroyedandhundredsofthousands
hectaresoflandwereinundated.Thetotalcostsofdamagesareestimatedataround6bnEuros.Themajorfloods
of 2005 and 2006 had a particular impact in terms of population affected, loss of human life and destruction to
infrastructureandprivateproperty.
Floodmapshavebeenpreparedforeachriverbasin,withforthcomingtechnicalstudiesidentifyingthemeasures
requiredtofurtherreducetheexposuretothefloodrisksofthevulnerableactivities.
Drought152
Thefrequencyandseverityofdroughtincloserelationtoclimatechangeareprojectedtoincreasesignificantly.In
southern and eastern Romania, a reduction of 20% in water resource has been estimated. Regions that are
currentlydryareexpectedtobecomedrierandcouldbeaffectedbydesertificationinthenearfuture.
Intermsofterritoriality,mostaffectedareasaretheOlteniaPlainandtheBrganPlainwhicharetodaythemost
vulnerableareastowaterscarcityandwhereapprox.40,6%(7.740.510persons)ofcountrypopulationlives153.The
Brgan Plain is Romania's main agricultural area and the climate change effects could affect food security.
Averageyieldsofvariouscropsindroughtyearsareonly3560%ofthepotential.In20112012droughtstrongly
impactedabout5.9millionhectares,withtheleveloflossesvaryingoverdifferentareaandculture.Thescaleof
thelossescoveredawiderange18.6%,forwheatyields,80.2%forrape,and46.1%forcornyields.Thishada
severeimpactuponfarmincomes.
Drought has significant impacts beyond agriculture by impairing the regularity of the public water supply in
affectedregionsandthepowergeneration.In2012,reducedwaterlevels,thehydroenergyproductionscheduled
for 2012 was shortened by c. 2,277 GWh. In addition, low water levels affect the cooling capacity at Romania's
nuclearpowerstations,resultinginreducedoperatinglevelsandsafetymargins.
The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve was also affected by the drought, with up to 56km of silted canals, a
reduction of the water surface, a reduction of the water depths in lakes and pools and an enhanced danger of
eutrophicationoftheselakes.
Additionally, higher temperatures in Romania due to climate change significantly impacts on health condition
especiallyinurbanareas.

151
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p8.
152
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p8.
153
Sourceregardingthenumberofpopulation:NIS,2011

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Besides these losses mentioned before, major losses due to the drought and its effects occurred in the forests
areas,beingaffected1,483hectaresofforests,393hectaresofsaplingplantations,thelossofabout1,800tonnes
ofwildfruitshavebeenrecorded.
Forestfires
Historically, Romania didnt experience a very high risk of forest fires. However, the data sets from the past 26
yearsrevealanincreasingincidencesince2000(withmorethan300wildfiresoccurringin5outoflast13years)
andreachingahistoricalmaximumof911fires(2012)inforestswithatotalareaof6,624.5haaffected.
Coastalerosion
Forseveraldecades,theRomanianBlackSeashorehasexperiencedseriousbeacherosionproblemsattherateof
upto2.0mperyear.Overthelast35yearstheshorelinehasdrawnbackinlandbetween180to300metersand80
ha/yearofthebeachhasbeenlost.MaincausesincludereductioninthesedimentcarriedbytheDanubeRiverand
dischargedintotheBlackSea(duetothemanyretentionworksdevelopedwithintheDanubeRiverBasin)andthe
influence of the works carried out at the mouth of the entrance Sulina Channel and for Midia, Constanta and
Mangalia harbours. Also, the reduction by 50% of the shellfish stocks has contributed to the reduction of
bioorganic sand deposited on the Romanian shoreline. The studies reveal that without proper measures against
coastalerosion,theshorelineisexpectedtodrawbackby70minthenexttwentyyears.
Manycliffsarealsobeingerodedbywaveabrasionattheirfeetand/orslipfailureintheirupperpart.Thecliffs
have been eroded at a rate of about 0.6 m per year in the places where no protective measures have been
implemented.
ConstantaandTulceacountieshave458,000inhabitantssituatedinthecoastalareaandthereforearepotentially
affected. The investment during 20142020 to protect the population, tourism and transport assets will be
prioritisedintheframeworkoftheMasterPlanonCoastalProtectionandRestoration.
Also,Romaniaisexposedtoearthquake154andlandslides155whichareoneofthemostprominentnaturalhazards
inRomania,withpotentialforsignificantcasualtiesanddamagetobuildingsandinfrastructure.
At the same time, Romania is subject to potential nuclear/radiological, chemical or dangerous substances
accidents. Concerning those three last risks, it is needed to increase the public awareness, prevention and
adequateresponse.
Monitoringofrisks
Monitoringofrisksiscarriedoutbyacentrewithineachofthelineministrieswithresponsibilityforagivenrisk.
ThesecentresfeedintoGIESwhichisresponsibleforinforminglocalauthoritieswhichhasstatutoryresponsibility
forinformingandprotectingthepopulation.
Preventionandmitigationmeasures
Prevention measures are the responsibility of the competent Line Ministries for each given risk. Prevention
measuresspanover:education,nonstructuralmeasures,preparednessmeasures.
RomaniahastheNationalStrategyforthepreventionofemergencysituationsandwillcreatethenationalplatform
forRRDwhichwillestablishthenecessaryobjectivesandactionstobeimplemented.
Also,RomaniahastheNationalStrategyforFloodRiskManagement156whichdefinesaframeworkforcoordinated,
intersectoral action in order to prevent and reduce flood consequences on socioeconomic activities, life and
healthandtheenvironment.Atthesametime,thisstrategycontainsactionstoaddressdrought.
In order to improve the local flood and drought management, the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change
developed manuals for emergency management in case of floods and drought that summarise the preventive,
operativeandrehabilitationmeasureswhicharetakenatthecountyandlocallevelinemergencysituationscaused
bythoserisks.Thesearelikelytoinclude:
nonstructuralandpassivemeasuresonlandmanagementsuchasafforestationandagriculturalpractices
whichreducerunoff,relocationorcreationoffloodexpansionareas;
infrastructural measures to store/divert flood waters, in case nonstructural measures would be
insufficient.
Actionstoaddressdroughtarelikelytoinclude:

154
75%oftheRomanianpopulation(cca.15millioninhabitants),6070%offixedassetsand45%ofcriticalinfrastructureareexposedtosomelevelof
earthquakerisk.Theimpactsofthelastsevereearthquake(4March1977)were:1570deaths;11300injured;35000displacedfamilies;32900damaged
buildings;over2billionUSDinfinanciallosses.
155
Massivelandslidestookplacein1979,1983,1997and20002012.Morethan35municipalities,80smalltowns,900villagesand7riverbasinscumulating
539,589hectares(2.26%nationalterritory)areassessedasbeingexposedtolandsliderisk.
156
ApprovedbytheGovernmentDecisionNo.846/2010

63
 therecoursetoeconomicinstruments,discouragingexcessivewaterabstractionsinregionsufferingfrom
waterscarcity;
the adoption of more efficient methods of using water, particularly in agriculture (land management
techniques,onfarmwaterstorageandapplicationetc.);
theuseofmoredroughttolerantcropspeciesandthosethatachievematurityoutsidethesummerpeakof
waterdemand;
afforestationofagriculturallandandcreationofforestbelts;
where justified on economic and environmental grounds, notably in areas at risk, the soil water reserve
decreasing below the level from which plant wilting can recover, the creation and/or rehabilitation of
waterinfrastructure.
Concerningcoastalerosion,actionstoaddresscoastalerosionwillbeundertakenintheframeworkoftheMaster
Plan Coastal Protection and Restoration which aims to prevent coastal erosion, to rebuild coastline and restore
coastalenvironment,toprotectmarineandcoastalecosystems,andtoprotecttheeconomicandsocialinterests
fromtheimpactofmarineerosion.
Prioritisationofrisks
Themaincriterionforprioritizingtherisksandidentifyingthoseeligibleforfunding,tobeperformedthroughthe
nationalriskassessmentunderpreparation,istheaverageannualeconomiccostsofthecorrespondingdamages
(included direct costs, economic costs and human losses) avoided, estimated by confronting the risks (intensity,
frequency)againsttheidentifiedvulnerableactivities.Untiltheriskassessmentiscompleted,withanoverallview
of the prioritized risks, ESI Funds support will be limited to risks for which the assessment has already been
initiated,focusingtonoregretprojects.
Afterthefulfilmentoftheexanteconditionality,theresultsoftheriskassessmentprojectSupportforfulfilling
exanteconditionality5.1NationalRiskAssessmentwillbeusedinordertoprioritizethefundingneeds.
Managementofrisks
GiventherangeofnaturalandmanmaderisksconfrontingRomania,itisnotpossibletocompletelyeliminatethe
risk. Nevertheless, a more effective management157 of risks could reduce the direct and indirect social and
economic losses, as well as the need for external support. The impact of flood, in particular, has determined
RomaniatosubmitseveralrequestsforfinancialsupportfromEUSolidarityFunds.
Therefore,Romania'sapproachtothemanagementofriskscomprises:coordination;assessmentandmappingof
risks;monitoringofrisks;preventionandmitigationmeasures;developingandmaintaininganadequateresponse
capacity.
Coordination
Romania has a functional National Emergency Management System158 since 2004 which is coordinated by a
National Centre for Emergency Management It comprises the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations
(GIES) which is responsible for managing the response across all risks and relevant Line Ministries159 which have
responsibilitiesforriskassessmentandriskprevention.
Developingandmaintainingresponsecapacity
Romania'sresponsecapabilitycomprisesGIEScoordinatinginputfromdifferentservices(asthefireservices,the
police,thearmedforces)viatheMinistryofInternalAffairs,localauthoritiesandvolunteersintheaffectedareas.
Taking into account the crossborder effect of certain risks (as floods, chemical accidents etc.), GIES may draw
down international support organized through bilateral agreements with neighbouring countries, which may be
enhancedinfutureundertheDanubeStrategy,andthroughinternationalmechanismssuchustheEuropeanCivil
ProtectionMechanismandtheEuroAtlanticDisasterResponseCoordinationCentreofNATO.Atthesametime,
the responsibilities of Member States for public protection, reinforcing resilience to natural and manmade
disasters and for disaster risk reduction are established under international treaty and European policy and
legislation160.
Lessonslearnedfrommajorincidentshavehighlightedsituationswhereresourceswereoverstretchedandcould
have been applied more effectively, based on astrong coordination system. Thus, it is necessary to create rapid

157
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p8.
158
EstablishedunderGovernmentDecision
159
Forexample,MinistryforRegionalDevelopmentisresponsibleinrelationtoearthquakes;MinistryfortheEnvironmentforairqualityandfloodetc.
160
Including:HyogoFrameworkforAction20052015:Establishingadisasterresiliencecapacityofthenationsandcommunities;Post2015Frameworkfor
DisasterRiskReduction;theEU2020Strategy;EUInternalSecurityStrategyinAction:FivestepstowardsamoresecureEurope;EuropeanTerritorial
Cooperation;transnationalcooperationintheframeworkoftheDanubemacroregionalstrategy

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response centres specialized in different types of missions by upgrading and improving the current specific
intervention means needed for such missions. Development of the training system of professional personnel
involvedinemergencysituationsisoneofthecriticalfactorsintheimplementationofthestrategyandachieving
thevision.
Effective intervention also depends of the scale, dispersal and speed of response units. A large proportion of
Romania'sfleetofinterventionvehiclesareoutdated,about68%ofinterventionvehiclesbeingmorethan10years
old and almost 60% are more than 20 years. Some investments were made under the 20072013 programs, but
thosecoveronly7%oftheoperationalneeds.TheinvestmentswillcovermodulesspecifiedintheEUlegislationin
thefieldofcivilprotection.
Maindevelopmentneeds
Theidentifieddevelopmentneedsareinlinewiththefirstresultsofthe:
NationalStrategyonClimateChange;
Outcomeofthefuturenationalriskassessment;
Nationalstrategyforthepreventionofemergencysituations;
NationalStrategyforFloodRiskManagementinthemediumandlongterm,developedtakingintoaccount
theprovisionsofDirective2007/60/EContheassessmentandmanagementoffloodrisk;
RiverBasinManagementPlans(forthe11RiverBasinsofRomania)elaboratedbyNationalAdministration
ApeleRomane,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheDirective2000/60/CE;
MasterPlanCoastalProtectionandRestoration.
Informed by the findings of the analysis of Development Challenges and the SWOT Analysis (Annex I), main
developmentneedsare:
ImprovingRomania'scapacitytoanticipate,topreventandtorespondtoextremenaturalandmanmade
emergencies;
Improving Romania's adaptation and resilience to the negative consequences of climate change and, in
particular,theincreasedincidenceofextremeheat,droughtandfloodingeventsintheFrameworkofthe
NationalClimateChangeStrategy;
ImprovingRomania'sadaptationandresiliencetoothernaturalandmanmaderisks;
Adoptionoffarmingpracticestoimproveresiliencetoclimatechange;
Increasingefficiencyofwateruseinagriculture.
Protectingtheenvironmentandpromotingresourceefficiency
Romanias global objective for 2020 in the field of environment and resource efficiency is to improve the
environment and living standards, in order to achieve a more competitive economy, a better environment and
morebalancedregionaldevelopment,whilefocusingatthesametimeonmeetingtheenvironmentalacquis.
Water/Wastewater
According to the River Basin Management Plans, the costs for basic and additional measures related to the
implementationoftheWaterFrameworkDirectivearearound21billionEuros.Themajorityofthesemeasuresare
related to drinking water quality and wastewater collection and treatment 17.787 billion Euro, respective 5,6
billionEurotodrinkingwaterqualityand12,187billionEurotowastewatercollectionandtreatment.Until2012
wereinvestedsofaratotalvalueofabout5.173billionEuro,respective1,364billionEurotodrinkingwaterquality
and3,809billionEurotowastewatercollectionandtreatment.Therefore,for20142020itisneeded4,236billion
Eurotodrinkingwaterqualityand8,378billionEurotowastewatercollectionandtreatment.AlthoughRomania
obtained a transition period through the Accession Treaty, the implementation of the Drinking Water Directive
(DWD)until2015andUrbanWasteWaterTreatmentDirective(UWWTD)until2018continuestobeacomplex
anddifficulttask.Asaconsequence,theextensionandmodernisationofthewaterandwastewaterinfrastructure
continues to be one of the most important priorities in improving the living standards and in implementing the
environmentalAcquis,tobefundedthroughEuropeanfunds,complementedwithothersourcesoffunding(mainly
nationalbudget,whichwillfollowthesameprocedures,indicatorsandrulesappliedintheframeofESIFunds).
Asregardsthequalityofdrinkingwater,themainobligationundertheDWD161istomeetthequalitystandardsof
drinkingwaterprovidedbycentralisedsystems.InRomania,in2012,56.7%ofpopulation(12,103,555inhabitants)
isconnectedtothecentralisedsystems.Undergroundwatershaveanimportantroleassupplysourcesfordrinking
water,anddiffusepollutionofaquifers(withfertilisersandotherpollutants)isaproblem,especiallyinruralareas,
whereonly30%ofpopulationareconnectedtothecentralisedsystems.

161
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p7;Romania;sNRPcommitments2013p5.

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As regards the Accession Treaty, the compliance to the provisions of the UWWTD is gradual and monitored for
collectionofurbanwastewater(61%in2010,69%in2013,80%in2015)andtreatmentofurbanwastewater(51%
in 2010, 61% in 2013 and 77% in 2015), where % represents the total biodegradable loads generated in urban
areas.InRomania,inDecember2013therateofconnectiontothesewagesystemswas59.95%(comparingwith
69%)andtreatment49.89%(comparingwith61%)(%fromtotalbiodegradableloadsinp.e.)bothofwhichneedto
beincreasedinthenextprogrammingperiodwithinallagglomerationabove2,000p.e.Reflectingtheprovisionsof
theUWWTDandthefactthatthatRomaniadeclareditsentireterritoryassensitivearea(2005)allagglomerations
withmorethan10,000PEarerequiredtoundertakeadvancedtreatment(tertiarytreatment),especiallyregarding
nutrientremoval(nitrogenandphosphorus)by2015.Thisobligationwillrequiresubstantialadditionalinvestment.
The declining population, especially in rural area, contributes to a significant increase in the number of
agglomerations with less than 2000 p.e. In order to assure adequate solutions at the level of this kind of
agglomerations financial support is needed, mainly due to the economic difficulties from these areas for the
settlementsthatarepartoftheMasterPlanlevelandareeconomicallyfeasible
A further important issue deriving from WFD relates to improving monitoring substances discharged into the
waters.Tothisend,Romaniahasalreadymadesignificantinvestmentinimprovingitswatermonitoringcapacity
but the additional obligations under Directive 208/105/CE will require further investments (to ensure a proper
monitorofthepriorityhazardoussubstancesidentifiedthroughEuropeanlegislation).
Concerning water pollution from agriculture, the use of agricultural fertilisers and pesticides decreased (the use
decreasedwithmorethan70%in20052011comparedwith1989)leadingtoanimprovementinthequalityofthe
surface waters. However, given the levels of nitrates accumulated (Romania's territory designated as Nitrate
VulnerableZones,increasedfrom58%to100%oftheterritory),particularlyingroundwater,furthersoilandwater
conservation measures will be needed, particularly by implementing good agricultural practices. This will be
particularlyimportantinthecontextofthetransitiontomoreintensiveagriculture,agriculturalpracticesunderway
insomepartsofthesectorforeseeninthenextperiod.
Waste
RomaniaisintheprocessofdevelopingwastemanagementatEuropeanstandard.In2010,70%ofthepopulation
had access to municipal waste collection service. Under, the projects planned to be financed through SOP
Environment 2007 2013 it is expected to provide 100% coverage for counties where integrated waste
managementsystemsareimplemented.
Responsibility for separation and collection of waste rests with the public local authorities, who contract the
services with private companies (sanitation companies). Until recently, there was mainly mixed waste collection
with limited separation (by 2010, only 698 localities had implemented a selective waste collection system)162.
Under Law no.211/2011 on waste, Romania is providing the obligation for the public local authorities to
introducingselectivecollectionandsortingforatleastinthreefractionsforpubliclocalauthorities163andsetsthe
wastemanagementhierarchy.Inthisrespectforfutureinvestmentslocalauthoritieshavetofocusfirstofallon
selectivecollectionandafterwardstoconsidertheotheroptionsofthewastehierarchy.
Following the Roadmap for Romania164there is an incomplete coverage of households with separate waste
collection, especially in rural areas. Thus, there is a need to upgrade the existing infrastructure and to extend
separatecollectioncoverageinallcountiestoreachonehandthetargetsoftheWasteFrameworkDirectivewhich
requires preparing for reuse and recycling of at least 50% of the paper, metal, glass and plastics from the
householdwasteandsimilarby2020andpreparingforreuse,recyclingandotherformsofrecoveryofatleast70%
of construction and demolition waste and on the other the landfill Directive waste diversion requirements.
Construction and demolition waste from households are managed by local authorities, while the others
construction and demolition waste streams fall under the responsibility of the waste producers. In 2010, out of
5,325,810 tons of municipal waste collected by waste disposal operators (excluding construction and demolition
waste),only296,140tonneswererecoveredbymaterialrecyclingorotherrecoveryoperations.
Concerning the costs (according to the Complementary Position Paper Chapter 22 Environment) for measures
related to the implementation of the Directive 1999/31/CE on the landfill of waste are around 5 billion Euro.
RomaniahasatransitionperioduntilJuly2017tophaseoutnoncompliantlandfills.Newcompliantlandfillswillbe
constructedasapartoftheIntegratedWasteManagementSystemrespectingthewastehierarchy.Attheendof
2012,72noncompliantlandfills,33compliantlandfillsand51wastetransferstationswereoperational.

162
HighlightedinCommissionServicesPositionPaper(October2012)p8.
163
RegulationGD247/2011onpackagingandpackagingwastemanagement;RomaniasNRPcommitments2013p5andp6.
164
SupporttoMSinimprovingwastemanagementbasedonassessmentofMSperformance070307/2011/606502/SER/C2,
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/pdf/RO_Roadmap_FINAL.pdf

66
Projectsinitiatedunderthe20072013periodwillneedtobecontinuedandcompleted.Additionalinvestments165,
ortheupgradeofexistinginstallations,willbeneededtofullycomplywiththediversionobligationsofthelandfill
directive,withtheexactneedsbeingidentifiedthroughthededicatedongoingevaluation.Takingintoaccountthe
EUaimstoreducerelianceonlandfillforthedisposalofwaste166,andtheregionalspecificitiesRomanianeedto
investinwastetoenergysectorespeciallyinBucharestIlfovregion.
2020 recycling and waste reduction targets from the waste framework directive cannot be achieved through
municipalinvestmentsandwillrequireotherpolicymeasures.Mainstreamedmeasures,detailedinchapter1.5.3
willalsocontributetotheseobjectives.
During the 20072013 we encountered major problems, namely the extensive time spent on tender procedures,
whichultimatelyputatrisktheimplementationprocessinsideeligibilityperiod.Otherdifficultiesappearbecause
the beneficiaries were insufficiently prepared, regarding the skills and capacity to prepare and implement the
projects.Theseweretranslatedintodeficienciesinapplyingthewasteselectivecollectionandownershipfromthe
sideoflocalauthorities,notallowingRomaniatomeettherecyclingtargetsbutalsoimpedingtheefficiencyofthe
wastetreatmentinstallations.
Biodiversity
The EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 and the National Strategy and National Action Plan on Biodiversity
Conservation20132020establishasgeneraldirections
promotion of the innovative traditional knowledge, practices and methods and clean technologies as
supportmeasuresfortheconservationofbiodiversity;
integrationofbiodiversityconservationpolicyintoallthesectoralpolicies;
therestorationofdegradedsystems,alongwithprotectionagainstdeclineofbiologicaldiversityingenetic
resources,species,ecosystemsandlandscape;
theimprovementofthecommunicationandeducationinthefieldofbiodiversity.
As a MS of the EU, Romania has to establish and strength the Natura 2000 network on the Romanian territory
(Natura2000areascover22.7%ofRomanianterritory,383sitesofcommunityimportanceSCI)and148special
protectionareasSPAbeingdesignatedatthenationallevel).OthernationalprotectedareasdeclaredbyRomania
are: Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve; 13 national parks; 15 natural parks, out of which two geoparks; 925
scientific reserves, natural reserves and natural monuments. Given the multiple overlapping protected areas, a
singleadministratororcustodianhasbeenappointedtomanageanareaeventhoughitissetonseveraltypesof
protected areas. Presently 42 administrators and 289 custodians were appointed. They have in
custody/administration 101 SPAs and 229 SCIs. By the end of July 2013, only 5 management plans and 11
managementregulationshavebeenapproved,outofthetotalof272plans/regulationsdraftedthroughSOPENV.
For 21 management plans and 36 management regulations approval procedure is ongoing and 38 management
plansand95managementregulationsareunderassessmentprocedure.
The main obstacles for adoption of Natura 2000 management plans/regulations identified are: very long and
difficultapprovalprocess;needtorationalizeandreorganizeofdecisionmakingprocess;increaseadministrative
capacityofMECC;lackofresourcesengagedinassessingmanagementplans;poorqualityofsomemanagement
plans;restrictivemeasuresinprotectedareasaredifficulttogetacceptedduetoalackofcompensationsforland
owners. Subsequently, the major need is to improve and speed up the approval process of Natura 2000
management plans. In order to reduce considerably the approval time, MECC will organise a technical advisory
interministerial committee to examine the management plans; advising ministries will be represented on this
Committee by the secretary of state and/or the general secretary and a technical expert. Urban areas are
particularly affected by a loss of biodiversity from the impact of development. Consequently, it is necessary to
promote a green infrastructure, through e.g. ecological corridors, green bridges and ecoducts to reconnect
naturalareasthathavebeenartificiallydivided,andbymaintainingcorridorsandlandscapeelementsthatconnect
protectedareasinordertoformafunctioningnetwork.
AccordingtothePrioritizedActionFrameworkforNatura2000inRomania20142020,severalprioritieshavebeen
identifiedforensuringaneffectiveimplementationofthemanagementplans:
finalizingtheprocessofassigningtheadministratorsforNatura2000sites;
the implementation of the action included in the management plans, with a priority for the ones that
supportthemanagementprocess;
providingtheresourcesforthemanagementprocessincludingtheinfrastructure;
165
Also,ensuringcompliancewiththeRoadmapforRomania(SupporttoMSinimprovingwastemanagementbasedonassessmentofMSperformance
070307/2011/606502/SER/C2),http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/pdf/RO_Roadmap_FINAL.pdf
166
Directive1999/31/EConthelandfillofwaste

67
 theeducationofthepopulationandraisingawarenessamongthepublic.
Large areas, especially in the mountains and hills are threatened by the abandonment of agricultural activities
which can affect both biodiversity and rural viability. On 2010 around 9% of the total agricultural area was
considered not utilised and between 2006 to 2012 the area of unproductive and degraded lands increased by
11.6%. Under the current RD program an area of 2,4 million ha of UAA (representing 18.3% of total UAA) was
identifiedasmountainareacharacterizedbyaconsiderablelimitationinusingthelandforagriculturalpurposes,
while 1,7 million ha (representing 12.4% of total UAA) as areas facing natural and other specific constraints. By
2012, farmers holding a total area of 1,8 million ha of the identified mountain areas mentioned above and
1,6millionhaofareasfacingnaturalandotherspecificconstraints,receivedpaymentsgrantedthroughEAFRDto
supporttheirundertakingtopursuefarmingactivitiesandavoidabandonment.
Based on analyze, Romania may support payments for agricultural area forestry and aquaculture, in order to
compensate beneficiaries for additional costs and income foregone resulting from disadvantages in the Natura
2000areas,relatedtotheimplementationofDirectives92/43/EECandDirective2009/147/EC.
Outof2,4millionhaoftheHighNatureValue(HNV)grasslandidentified,1,2millionhahavebeenprotectedunder
the current RD program by granting financial compensation to farmers who undertook commitments to apply
management requirements. Besides HNV grassland protection, agricultural land management measures were
designed and implemented with EAFRD financially support, covering an area of aprox. 84,000 ha, to protect a
numberof4threatenedfarmlandbirdspeciesand4subspeciesofbutterflies.Althoughthesepopulationsofwild
speciesandnaturalandseminaturalhabitatsappeartohaveremainedstableoverthelast2530years,thereisa
riskthatnewtrendstoenhancefarmingpracticesorabandonmentofagriculturallandshaveanegativeimpact.
Romanian forests and other wooded land area covered 28.3% of the total territory in 2012, remaining relatively
constant over the last 30 years. Since 1991, when all the forests belonged to the state, a difficult process of
restitutionhastakenplace,witharesultof32%oftheforestbeingreturnedtoprivateownersand17%tolocal
administrativeunits.
53% of the Romanian forests are protected and different forest management regimes are applied according to
theirfunction.Measuresneedtobedevelopedtoenhancethevalueofforestprotectionfunction.Also,measures
fortheintegratedmanagementofmountainforestsandwatercoursesneedtobeestablished(torrentscorrection,
landslides mitigation, avoiding clogging of water course). In the same vein is needed to use sustainable forest
management(SFM)approachesforsequestering carbon,suchassustainable managementofproductionforests,
sustainablemanagementofprotectionforestsprotectedareas,andafforestation.Inadditiontotheircontribution
tobiodiversitysoilandwaterconservationandlandscapeprotectionmeasuresforsustainableforestmanagement
havedirectcontributiontomitigationandadaptationtoclimatechange.
ThemarineenvironmentoftheBlackSeahasbeenthefocusofenvironmentalpolicies(particularlyintheDanube
Basin)forthepast20yearsandhasexperiencedaslowbutcontinuousrecovery:
reducednutrientinputshasresultedinareductionofalgalbloombutthisphenomenaisstillpresent;
benthicspeciesbiodiversityhasimproved,increasingfrom20(inthe1990s)toalmost40atpresent;
zooplanktonhasbeenrecoveredparticularlyinoffshorearea,butisstillvulnerableintheshallow;
fishfaunaisstillinacriticalsituation(sardines,bluemackerel,bonitofishetc.)eveniftheRomanianfishing
capacitydecreasedtremendousafter1990.
Romaniaaimstosupportthefishingsectorandrelatedactivitiesinreducingitsenvironmentalimpactinlinewith
thereformedCommonFisheriesPolicy.Theuseofselectivefishingtools,gearsandmethodswillcontributetothe
preservationoftheaquatichabitat,accompaniedbymeasurestostrengthentheadministrativecapacity(especially
activities regarding data collection, inspection and control in order to deter IUU fishing and to protect the
environment).
Withregardtoaquaculture,boththepreservationofaquaticecosystemsandtheapplicationofsafetymeasures
topreventescapesfromfarmsthatcouldaffectwildspeciesbiodiversityaretakenintoconsideration.
EvenifRomanianfisheriesproducesalownumberofunwantedcatchesanddiscards,inordertofurtherdiminish
theunwantedcatchesmeasurestosupportsustainablefishingactivitiesareneeded.
Regardingthesurveillancesystemforallthemarineandmaritimeareas,asthebordercontrol,safetyandsecurity,
fisheriescontrol,customs,environmentordefence,aCommonInformationSharingEnvironment(CISE)iscurrently
being developed jointly by the European Commission and EU/EEA member states. It will integrate existing
surveillancesystemsandnetworksandgiveallconcernedauthoritiesaccesstotheinformationtheyneedfortheir
missionsatsea.
Airquality

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AirqualityremainsaprobleminRomania,particularlyinurbanandindustrialareas.Inordertoimproveairquality
andtodetermineappropriatemeasures,theNationalAirQualityMonitoringNetworkwasestablishedconsistingof
142 fixed stations, covering the whole of Romania. The additional provisions under Air Quality Directive
2008/50/EC require a new approach to air quality assessment, including the new pollutants which should be
monitored (Heavy metals As, Hg, Cd, Ni; PM2.5 and PAH). It will be necessary to upgrade and develop the
NationalAirQualityAssessmentSystemtakingintoconsiderationthefollowing:
someequipmenthasbeenworkingcontinuouslyover10years;manystationsshouldbeimprovedwith
thenewequipmentformeasuringthenewpollutants;
thenationalairqualityassessmentthatwaspreparedbytheendof2013identifyaneedformorefixed
stations,soitwillbenecessarytoupgradeandextendtheNationalAirQualityNetwork;
developmentofadynamicforecastingsystemforairquality;
development of an unique and interactive system for inventory of the emissions of pollutants into the
atmosphereinordertofulfiltherequirementsofINSPIREDirective.
UrbantransportthesustainabledevelopmentofBucharesthastobeaddressedasforanEuropeancapital,inthe
context of urban agglomeration, in correlation with neighbouring areas. Besides the people that are living in
Bucharest,thereare30,00035,000people/daythatareintransitthroughthecity,forbusiness,tourism,andother
activities,sothatthecapitalreaches2.3milpeople.
Bucharest metro network has to be developed for decongesting urban transport on the ground. All investments
willcontributetolowcarboneconomyandwillaimatclimatechangeadaptation.Themetronetworkhas69km,
on 4 lines that provide a rapid movement of passengers at a big capacity, but they cover only a part of the
inhabitedarea.Metrorexensuresthetransportfor20%ofpassengersthatusepublictransportinBucharest,even
itsshareintransportpublicnetworkisof4%.Inthisrespect,itisnecessarytobuildnewmetrolines,inorderto
havenotsohighlevelofgroundtrafficandtohavemoreenvironmentalfriendlyurbantransportsystem.
Soil
During 19501990, Romania's soil and water were heavily damaged by industrial and agricultural pollution,
salinization,acidification,erosion,desertification,andlandslidesthattodayposeamajorrisktohumanhealthand
totheenvironment.
AccordingtorecentlyupdatedNationalStrategyandNationalActionPlanforcontaminatedsitesmanagement,in
Romaniawereidentified1,393contaminatedsites,outofwhich210havehistoricallyandactualpollution,some
are abandoned, whilst 1183 need further investigations. Remaining plants on these polluted sites often contain
hazardous substances that represent risks to human health and the environment and need rehabilitation. The
prioritisation principles included in the National Strategy for contaminated sites management refer to: polluters
pay(limitingthesupporttositeswheretheinitialpollutercannotbeidentified),protectionofhumanhealthand
theenvironmentfromtheeffectsofcontaminantsresultingfromhumanactivities;remediationofcontaminated
sites.
Production potential of agricultural land is affected by different degradation processes. Average soil erosion has
increasedfrom2.6 tons/ha/yearin2006to5.06tons/ha/year.In2010water erosion,followedby winderosion,
werethemaindegradationprocessesthataffectedtheagriculturalsoils,almost9%ofthetotalagriculturalarea
beingaffected,mostofitbeingarableland.
Actions that reduce the threat to water resources and combat soil degradation will continue to be important.
Amongtheseareagroenvironmentmeasures,whichcontributesignificantlytoreducinguseofchemicalfertilisers,
preventing nitrate leaching by using green cover crops, improving of manure management, reducing the load of
grazinglivestockperunitarea,reducingtheuseofmechanizedequipmentorincreasingthewaterabsorptionof
soil,whichleadstoadecreasedriskofflooding.Afforestationofagriculturalanddegradedlandwillalsocontribute
towaterandsoilconservationbymaintainingwaterquality,preventingsoilerosionandreducetheriskoffloods.
Organicfarming
Theareaunderorganicfarmingmorethandoubledbetween2007and2012tostandat300,000ha(representing
2.25%ofUAA).
Thenumberofoperatorsregisteredintheorganicfarmingsystemin2012was15,373.Ithasincreasedthreefold
over the previous year in 2010 and twice in 2011. Besides its commercial opportunities and health benefices,
organicfarmingwillalsoaddavaluablecontributiontothereductionofnegativeimpactonenvironment.
Maindevelopmentneeds
Theidentifieddevelopmentneedsareinlinewiththefirstresultsofthe:

69
 TheRiverBasinManagementPlans;
NationalWasteManagementStrategy20142020;
TheNationalStrategyandNationalActionPlanfortheManagementofContaminatedSites;
TheNationalStrategyandNationalActionPlanonBiodiversityConservationfor20132020.
Informed by the findings of the analysis of Development Challenges and the SWOT Analysis (Annex I), main
developmentneedsinrelationtoenvironmentalprotectionandresourceefficiencyare:
Extendpublicaccesstowaterandwastewaterservices,inthecontextoftheWaterFrameworkDirective
anditsRiverBasinManagementPlans;
ImplementandupgradeinfrastructuresrequiredtocomplywiththeobligationsoftheWasteDirectives;
Protection, conservation, restoration and sensitively exploitation of Romania's rich natural assets,
includinglandscape,farmland,forests,inlandandcoastalwaters,protectedareas,biodiversity;
Developmentandimprovementoftheairqualityassessmentandmonitoring;
Improvingasustainableurbantransportandconsequentlyreducedpollution;
Addressingthelegacyofderelictandpollutedsitesandtomanagecurrentsourcesofpollution;
Reducetheriskofabandonmentofagriculturalactivities;
DevelopingcoordinationmechanismamongpublicinstitutionsintheimplementationofIMP.

ADMINISTRATIONANDGOVERNMENTCHALLENGE
General
The public administration domain is linked to quantified targets of Europe 2020 strategy, as indicated in the
introductory section of the PA. Some of the links can be noticed across the targets, flagship initiatives and
integratedguidelines.Othersaremoreindirectandrelatetoadministrationcreatinganenvironmentunderwhich
theprivatesectorandotheractorscanoperateinafair,transparentandefficientmanner.ForRomaniatoachieve
is planned contribution to Europe 2020, an efficient, predictable and coherent public administration is needed
characterisedby:highqualitydecisionmaking;developmentandelaborationofpolicies(withastrongaccenton
rigorous, integrated and coherent strategic planning, including correlation with budget); the implementation of
measuresadopted(focusingontheadministrativecapacityoftheimplementinginstitutionsinvolved,atalllevels,
correlated with the allocated competences); monitoring systems (addressing both system design and capacity
building for the collection, correlation and interpretation of data); and evaluation in order to identify deviations
andtheircorrectivemeasuresinduetime.
Headline targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy (especially those related to poverty, employment and education)
requirecoordinatedandcollaborativeeffortsofthecentralandlocallevels.Accordingly,itisimperativetoaddress
administrativecapacityinanintegratedmanner.
Structuralcausesandmaindeficiencies
Efforts have been made to reform and modernize Romania's public administration in recent years, with support
both from the national budget and from European funds. Extensive analyses, including by international bodies,
acknowledge the progress made, but highlight the needs and challenges in an integrated approach to public
administrationreforminthecomingyears.
ThedeficienciesinnationalandlocaladministrationshighlightedinTheSocioeconomicAnalysis167adoptedbythe
Thematic Advisory Committee on Administration and Good Governance and The Analysis on Structural Causes
underlyingtheweakcapacityoftheRomanianpublicadministrationareconsistentwiththeCommissionsfindings
(Country Specific Recommendations 2013 and Position of the Commission Services on the development of
Partnership Agreement and programmes in Romania for the period 20142020). These will be addressed in an
integrated manner within the Strategy for increasing the efficiency of public administration 20142020 which is
currentlyunderelaboration.
Analysisofstructuralfactorsrevealsthefollowingproblems:
Thepoliticizationofthepublicadministration.Theefficiencyofgovernanceishinderedbytheexcessive
politicizationofthepublicadministration,aprocesscharacterizedbyapersonalizedapproachtodecision
making and institutional management, leading to constant reorganizations and reshuffling of public
institutions.

167
http://www.fonduriadministratie.ro/pictures/analiza%20socio%20economica%20%20CCT%20ABG.pdf

70
 Themisallocationofpublicfundsandresourcesstillrepresentsamajorissueaffectinggoodandefficient
governance.
Publicadministrationisfragmentedanddelegationofresponsibilitiesisunclear,bothatcentralandlocal
levels.Fragmentationandlackofcoherenceisperceivableintermsoflegislation(excessofnormativeacts,
sometimes with contradictory/redundant provisions), budget allocation (across scattered policies and
projects),institutionalmandates,humanresourcesmanagementanduseofIT&Ctools(databasesthatare
notinterconnectedetc.)
Lack of trust among political and administrative layers is not conducive to a real empowerment of
professional civil servants, resulting in weak ownership and sense of accountability at the level of the
administration.Politicizationandpersonalizationofpublicinstitutions,alongwithambiguityininstitutional
mandates preserve a conservative administrative culture defined by resistance to change and lack of
initiative.Thegenerallackoftrustandempowermentattheleveloftheadministrationresultsinexcessive
bureaucracy as a means of selfprotection rather than taking responsibility for the given tasks. This is
visibleinextensivemicromanagement,thenumberofendorsementsnecessaryforvariousadministrative
decisions,thelargevolumeofpaperwork,etc.
Lack of transparency the proper consultation needed to improve legislation at local and central level
rarely takes place. Transparency is also a measure of the accountability of the public actors towards
citizens,whichisratherfeebleatpresentandgeneratesmistrustonthebehalfofthecivilsociety.
Deprofessionalizationthepreaccessionperiodhasbroughtaboutaninfluxofyoungprofessionalsinto
the public system and their skills were mainly used during the negotiation process with the EU. Once
Romania joined the EU in 2007, a process of deprofessionalization started to occur, accentuated by the
flowofprofessionalcivilservantsleavingtheadministrationtoworkeitherforEUinstitutionsorinprivate
consultancies.
Thestructuralcausesidentifiedabove,whilenotexhaustive,representkeyelementsinunderstandingsomeofthe
maindeficienciesthataffecttheproperfunctioningofthepublicadministration.
Maincrosscuttingdeficienciesaffectingthepublicadministration
1.Decisionmakingprocessandefficiencyofpublicexpendituresatalllevels
Legalandinstitutionalpremisesforbuildingandimplementingarobustdecisionmakingprocessareinplacelaws
have been passed, institutions established, and significant investments made in implementing a modern policy
processsupportedbycapablepolicyinstitutions.However,despitethesechanges,theabovementionedanalysis
revealsthefollowingdeficiencies:
Inappropriatestrategicplanningsystemswithinthepublicinstitutionsleadingtopoorprioritisation;
Poor usage of impact assessment for policy substantiation at all levels (including inefficient use of
information, relevant data and modern IC&T tools) leading to adhoc decisionmaking and inefficient
allocationofresources168;
Weak institutional capacity related to policy coordination resulting in unclear mechanisms for monitoring
and evaluating implemented policies, with a focus on rules and procedures rather than outputs and
achievingperformance;
Lackofresponsivenessintheplanning,regulatoryandlegalsystems;
Lackofinvolvementofnongovernmentalstakeholdersin thedecisionmakingprocessatlocalandcentral
level;
Feeblefinancialmanagementandinsufficientfinancialautonomyatthelocallevelduetofrequentlegislative
modifications,resultinginalowleveloftaxcollection;
Low levels of transparency and poor consultation relating to the activity of public institutions (incomplete
communication of information, lack of proper consultation from the beginning of the policy development
stage,deficienciesinpromotingandimplementingthelegislationonthereuseofinformationfrompublic
institutions169,opaquepublicprocurementsystemetc.).
Therefore,policyplanningremainsadhocanddecisionmakersarefacedwithasystemthatdoesnotproducethe
quality of analysis that they need to make informed policy decisions, leading therefore to an overregulated
environmentandinefficientprocedureswithnegativeimpactsonbusinessesandcitizens.Theadministrationisno
longer focused on achieving performance but on keeping pace with the constant legislative changes. The

168
http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapaI/08_Raport%20%20crosscutting%20issues.pdf
169
Lawno.109/2007onthereuseofinformationfrompublicinstitutions(whichtransposesDirective2003/98/EConthereuseofpublicdata

71
consequencesforRomaniaarethepersistenceofsevereandchronicproblemswiththequalityofpublicpolicyand
publicexpenditureatalllevels.
IntheprocessofelaborationoftheprojectAdministrativeCode170,wereachievedaseriesofstudiesandanalyzes
onmalfunctioningoflegislativeframeworkinpublicadministration.Followingtheinterpretationoftheresultsthe
following conclusions are: the majority of institutions/authorities surveyed think that the normative acts in the
public administration are poorly drafted (64.60%); 75% of institutions surveyed were notified cases of
contradictions between certain provisions of normative acts; 50% of institutions participating at the study were
confrontedwithcasesofoverlapbetweenacts;54.20%ofinstitutionshavedeclaredthatthereweresituationsin
whichtheyconsistedlegislativevacuum;themajorityofinstitutions/authoritiessurveyedthinkthattheinstitutions
that are responsible with approving a draft legislation participating in small measure (33.30%) and very small
extent (14.60%) in the process of consultation and substantiation; most malfunctioning of legislation in public
administrationarecomingfromdraftingstageofadraftacts(87.50%totalagreement+partialagreement),the
followingpositionsbeingoccupiedbysubstantiationtechnicalstage(77.10%)andtheoneofapplication(77.10%).
2.Humanresourcesmanagement
Although the public administration contains dedicated and professional staff, the system does not function
effectively due to the existing human resource policies and institutional framework in place, main deficiencies
beingrelatedtopoliticization,thelackofunitaryapproach,rigiditiesinhumanresourcesmanagement,therelative
scarcityofhighskilledprofessionals,andthedifficultyinmotivatingandretainingthosewhodoperformwell.
The Functional Reviews conducted by the World Bank171 identified several major deficiencies related to HR
management,principalamongwhichwere:
The absence of an integrated longterm policy concerning a coherent and unitary HR management in the
publicadministration;
Lackofperformancemanagement,fromrecruitment,evaluation,promotion,motivationandremuneration
toprofessionaldevelopmentandacquiringofnewskills;
Lackofanintegratedapproachfortheimplementingandpromotingethicsandintegritymeasures;
Unmodernized organizational culture based on a procedural/bureaucratic approach and not oriented
towardsachievingperformancemeasuredagainstclearobjectivesandtargets.
Human resources field remains a sensitive one. Even if there is a modern legal framework and many employees
well trained /experienced, and the report172 provided by National Agency of Civil Servants has implemented
measurestoimprovethemanagementofcivilserviceandcivilservants,theactuallegislationstillcontainsenough
elementsoutdatedorincomplete(differentlawsforpublicservantsandcontractualstaff,specialstatusofsocio
professional categories or rules of organization and functioning of institutions), as well as a large number of
institutions, issues that lead to an insufficient unitary approach to human resource policies and dissipation of
responsibility.Thecorpsofcivilserviceasawholeisanoldone,whichhasthelargestshareofover40yearsor
thosewho havealreadyachievedhigherprofessionaldegree. Therearedeficiencies in termsofinstabilityinthe
civilservice,bothforleadershippositionsandfortheexecution,forvariousreasons:lack/failuremechanismsof
motivation,highfragmentationseniorcivilservants'remunerationandsimilartasksthatLawframeno.284/2010
on the unitary payment of the personnel paid from public funds failed to solve). The mechanisms of selection,
management,evaluationandpromotionthestaffareinflexibleandthehumanresourcesdepartmentscapacityin
termsofanalysingtrainingneedsofemployeesinconjunctionwithinstitutionalneedsisreduced.Givenbudgetary
constraints due to the crisis and the movement to the private sector, particularly those with expertise in the
managementofEUfunds andthosein sectorssuch aseducationorhealth (evenif notpartofthe civilservice )
generatedoperationalproblemsofthepublicsector.
3.Bureaucracy
Absence of single access point systems, underdevelopment of egovernment systems and insufficient use of IT
toolsresultsin:
Excessivebureaucracyforcitizensandbusinesses;
Excessiveinterandintrainstitutionalbureaucracy;
The existence of regulatory overlaps and overregulation. Low planning capacity and adhoc decision
making without sound impact assessment generate a constant need to pass new or to modify existing
legislation.

170
ElaboratedthroughaprojectcofinancedbytheESFunderOPACD20072013
171
http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapaI/08_Raport%20%20crosscutting%20issues.pdf
172
http://www.anfp.gov.ro/DocumenteEditor/Upload/2013/Raport%20Management%202012.pdf

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Thus, altough the number of newly passed legislation has registered a slight decrease, it is still very high and
significantlegislativeinitiativeswithmajorimpact(economic,financial,socialetc)areadoptedthroughEmergency
Ordinancesandwithoutpublicconsultation,asshownbelow:
Billsadoptedbythe Simpleordinancesadoptedby EmergencyOrdinances Governmentdecisions Total
Parliament theGovernment
2009 391 27 111 1597 2126
2010 292 29 131 1377 1829
2011 302 30 125 1281 1738
2012 222 26 95 1292 1635
2013 382 32 115 1170 1699

4.Capacitytodeliverpublicservices
Romania'spublicservicesaregenerallylessdevelopedthanthoseavailableinthemoredevelopedEUcountries.
However,ratherthantheabsolutelevelofservice,thecauseofgreatestpublicdissatisfactionistheunevennessin
thequalityofandaccessibilitytoservicestowhichcitizensareentitletoreceive.Variationisparticularlyevident
between urban and rural areas, but there are also some differences across the less developed regions. The
insufficient administrative and financial capacity at the central and local government to meet the increasingly
diversified needs of beneficiaries, especially in ensuring high quality public services, is caused by the following
factors:
Inconsistentregulationofpublicservicesthroughseparatenormativeacts;
Costandqualitystandardshavenotbeendefinedforallpublicservices;
Insufficientconcernforthedesignanddeliveryofpublicservicesinpartnershipswiththestakeholders;
Insufficientconcernforthelongtermimplementationofmanagement,monitoringandevaluationsystems
andtoolsforpublicservicesdelivery.
In terms of access to basic public services, the analyses and the statistics of recent years reflect a deficient
situation. Thus, in the health sector, according to Report Presidential for Analysis and Policy Elaboration Public
Health(2008),Romaniahavein2008areducingindicatorsonaccesstobasichealthservices,toissuessuchasthe
numberofdoctors,pharmacistsorassistantsreportedtothepopulation,asthenumberofconsultationspercapita
(numberofdoctors50267,representingapproximately23.4to10,000inhabitants,dentists11,901,amounting
to5.5per10,000population,pharmacists11704representingapproximately5.6per10,000populationor132
464workersrepresenting61.6to10,000inhabitantspernumberofpopulation,asthenumberofconsultationsper
capita,thenumberofmidwiveswasaboutonethirdlowerthantheEuropeanaverageintermsofmortalityand
morbidityhigherthantheEUaverageandthestaffshortagesofcertainmedicalspecialtieswasevengreater.
The biggest discrepancy is evident in rural areas where the number of medical staff in general and doctors in
particularisseveraltimeslowerthaninurbanareas.
AsevidenceddatesbytheNationalInstituteofStatistics,andinpreuniversityeducation,therestructuringprocess
that took place between 1999 2009 resulted in a significant reduction in the number of educational units with
over 70%. Regarding the teaching staff serving university education, the decreasing trend is maintained for the
urbanandruralareasin2010and2011correlatedbutwithreducingthenumberofpupils.
5.Lackofcoordinationandpronouncedfragmentation
There are clear deficiencies in coordination between ministries and entities that coordinate intrasectoral
responsibilities, institutional overlapping in terms of competencies and attributions, inefficient use of resources,
fragmentedadministrationwithtoomanyexpensivestructures.
The transfer of competencies from the central to local government (education, health, population registry, basic
public services) was done without a proper assessment of the administrative and financial capacity of the local
authorities.Thetransferofresponsibilitieshasbeenoftenincompleteorunclear/diffuseanddecentralizedpublic
servicesdeliveredbylocalgovernmentsbeing,inmanycases,underfunded.
The differences in administrative capacity among local governments have affected their ability to mobilize
resources, to attract investments as well as to implement properly implement the developed strategies/plans.
Fragmentation, including along political lines, has impeded cooperation between local authorities in view of
developing initiatives and public services on economic and efficient basis. It has also constrained integrated
development,throughpartialparticipationofruralmunicipalitiessurroundingurbangrowthpolesandareas.
InRomaniathereisasignificantterritorialfragmentation,reflectedinthe3222territorialadministrativeunits,of
which 41 are counties, 103 municipalities, 217 cities and 2,861 communes; the organization that has not
experiencedmajorreformssince1968(whenadoptingthelegislationfortheadministrativeterritorialorganization
ofRomania)andnolongerrespondingtothecurrentneedsofdevelopment.

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Currentlyapprox.57%ofmunicipalitieshavefewerthan50,000inhabitants,55%ofcitieshavefewerthan10,000
inhabitants and a number of towns and cities with a total population of close to or even below to communes;
approx.52%ofcommuneshavefewerthan3,000inhabitantsandofthese93havelessthan1,000inhabitants.The
ruralpopulationstillhasaveryhighpercentagecomparedtootherEuropeancountries,whichpresentsadditional
challenges,bothintermsofsocioeconomicdevelopmentandservicedelivery.
Weakadministrativeatlocallevelinthecontextofpartialdecentralization.Oneofthefundamentalproblems
currently,referstotheadministrativeterritorialexcessivefragmentation,incurringhighoperatingcostsofthe
localpublicsector,unjustifiedinrelationto the efficiencyoftheprovidedservices.Anothernegative effectof
this problem is represented by the difficulty of correlating strategies and policies at local level with those at
centrallevel.
Promotionofintegrity,transparencyandgoodgovernance
The quality and motivation of human resource is reflected in the ensuring degree of activity transparency within
publicadministrationandoncorruptionlevel.Evenifthelawonfreeaccesstopublicinformation(Lawno.544/2001)
anddecisionaltransparencyinpublicadministration(Lawno.52/2003),havealready10yearsofapplyingandthe
assetdeclarationsystemandconflictsofinterestbycivilservantsisalsowelldefined,intheirimplementationare
deficienciesrelatedtoincompletecommunicationofinformation,reluctancetotransmitinformationonareassuch
aspublicprocurementandanorganizationalculturefocusedonthetransmissionofresponsesinmaximumperiod
providedbylaw.Ifthesetoolsareusedtoobtaininformationfrompublicadministration,Lawno.109/2007onthe
reuseofinformationfrompublicinstitutions(whichtransposesDirective2003/98/EConthereuseofpublicdata)is
muchlessknown,especiallysincetheinformationavailableisverylimited.
The concept of "whistleblowers" and the National Strategies Anticorruption 2008 2011 and 2012 2015 fill the
regulatoryframeworkinthefieldoftransparencyandintegrityinpublicadministration.Despiteconstantconcernon
preventingand combating corruption, theactualsizeof the phenomenonof corruptioninpublicadministration is
stillinsufficientlyknownandrepresentoneofthemainvulnerabilitiesinbothanalyzesandexternalevaluationsto
Romania,aswellasthosecarriedoutbycivilsociety.
Thecorrelationofthepublicadministrationeffortswiththoseofcivilsocietyinthedevelopmentofmechanismsto
support the identification and monitoring corruption, with the purpose of implementing measures to reduce and
combatthisphenomenon,representanessentialelementbothforincreasingtheintegrityinpublicadministration
andforimprovingitsimageasawhole.
Basedonregularprogressreports,independentreviewsandperceptionsurvey,corruptioncontinuestobeidentified
bythepublicasabarriertoqualitypublicservicesatcentralandlocallevels,asaphenomenonthatunderminesthe
effective administration of public funds and obstructing justice, also affecting business environment. Internal and
externalindicatorsspecialisedinassessingtheimpactofcorruptionperceptionputsRomaniaundertheEUmember
statesaverage.ThetargetoftheNationalAnticorruptionStrategy20122015istoincreasetheseindicatorssoasto
reachtheEUaverage.
Lessonslearned
During20072013programmingperiod,theOperationalProgramAdministrativeCapacityDevelopmentplayeda
specialroleinsupportingpublicadministrationreform.Interventionssoughttoimprovethebasisforpublicpolicy
elaboration, strategic planning process, performances measurement and evaluation, human resources
management,aswellasdecentralization(e.g.education,health,populationregistry,basicpublicservices).
PODCA20072013supportedseveralimportantprojectsonanalysingthecrosscuttingissuesonelevensectors
(agriculture,transport,preuniversityandhigheducation,publicfinance,competition,health,labour,environment,
economyandregionaldevelopment)inordertoidentifythedeficiencies,needsandpossiblesolutions.
Strategic projects, with large impacts on the system and with replication potential have not been generated in
sufficientnumberduringthecurrentprogrammingperiod173andsomeoftheprojectsweredelayedbecauseoflow
capacityofthebeneficiaries.
Many projects have also been promoted in a scattered manner, addressing symptomatic deficiencies but with
limitedeffectivenesswhenunabletotackletheunderlyingstructuralcauses.
Future capacity building interventions should be implemented through integrated strategic projects. These
strategicprojectswillbepartoftheStrategyforconsolidatingthecapacityofthepublicadministration20142020
andtheywillbesubmittedtopublicconsultation.

173
AnalysisofCapacityBuildingActivitiesinthePublicAdministration,FinalReport,WorldBank

74
TheopportunitytouseEUfundsasadditionalresourcesofincreasingthefinancialautonomyoftheadministrative
territorialunitsandimprovingthequalityofservicesprovidedtothebeneficiarieswasusedinadequately.
Futuresteps
In order to succeed on reforming the public administration, it is, also, necessary to continue the efforts already
undertakenthroughtheimplementationofadministrativecapacitymeasuresinthefollowingministries:
MinistryofNationalEducation174;
MinistryofLabour,Family,SocialProtectionandElderly175;
MinistryofPublicFinance176;
MinistryofEconomy177;
GeneralSecretariatoftheGovernment;
MinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandPublicAdministration178;
MinistryofTransport179;
MinistryofHealth180;
MinistryforEnvironmentandClimateChange181.
The action plans contain structural reform measures aimed at enhancing the administrative capacity of line
ministries to support the achievement of the strategic goals of the Government (including the EU2020 targets).
Currently,thePrimeministersChancelleryissettingupamonitoringandevaluationsystemforstructuralreforms
(includingtheactionplansbasedonthefunctionalreviews)capableofevaluatingtheimpactofthesereformson
thecapacityoftheadministrationtoreachitsstrategicgoals(includingEU2020targets).
Theselectionofthepublicinstitutionswasbasedon:
theresponsibilityregardingtheelaborationandimplementationofthehorizontalreformprogrammes;
thereducedadministrativecapacityondraftingsectoralpublicpolicy;
relevantcontributioninachievingtheobjectivesforeseeninNRP.
Itisimportanttounderlinethat,intheactionplansmentionedabovetherearemeasuresintheresponsibilityof
differentstakeholdersfromalladministrativelayers.
ThereinforcementcapacityoftheMinistryofPublicFinanceandtheMinistryofEconomyaswellasofthemain
stakeholders in these sectors is essential for recovery of the economy and the financial system and for the
improvementofthebusinessenvironmentinordertostimulateproductivity,preconditionforensuringlongterm
economicgrowth.
As far as the Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Environment and Climate Change are concerned, these
institutions are the main actors involved in elaborating and implementing the objectives of the Cohesion Fund.
Specialsupportwillbeprovidedfordevelopingadministrativecapacityfortheinstitutioninvolvedintheappraisal
andadoptionofNatura2000management plans,revisingandsimplifyingthecorrespondingproceduresandthe
Romanian Water National Administration, (enhancing their awareness and skills for designing and implementing
nonstructuralmeasures).ConsideringEU2020targetsontheemploymentrate,(especiallyamongyouth),reducing
theearlyschoolleavingrate,increasingtheinvestmentsinresearchanddevelopmentandreducing povertyand
social exclusion, there is a need to offer constant and substantial support for the public institutions that are
responsible with the elaboration and implementation of the public policy in this area: Ministry of National
Education,MinistryofLabour,Family,SocialInclusionandElderlyandMinistryofHealth,theirsubordinatedand
coordinatedbodiesaswellaslocalgovernments.
Considering that administrative capacity represents an essential condition for the development and
implementation of the policy reforms and for the improvement of the absorption of the European funds, it is
necessarytosupporttheeffortsmadebytheMinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandPublicAdministrationandof
theGeneralSecretariatoftheGovernmentthroughthePrimeMinisterChancelleryregardingtheimprovementof

174
http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapaII/04_HEFR%20final%20report.pdf
175
http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapaII/06_MMFPS_ROFRFinal%20Volume%201_ENG.pdf
176
Ministry of finance implemented 5 projects derived from FR I (http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapa
I/06_RO%20FR_Public%20Finance_%20Final%20Report.pdf)
177
http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapaII/03_MEC%20Review%20Final%20Report.pdf
178
http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapa
II/02_Regional%20Devt%20and%20Tourism%20FR%20Final%20Report%20(English).pdf
179
Ministry of transport implemented 2 projects derived from FR I (http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapa
I/07_RO%20FR_Transport_%20Final%20Report.pdf)
180
http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapaII/07ROFRHealthSector.pdf
181
http://www.sgg.gov.ro/docs/File/UPP/doc/rapoartefinalebm/etapaII/05_ROMANIA%20FR%20EnvironmentWaterForestry_Volume%201
Main%20Report_ENGFINAL.pdf

75
the quality of regulations and human resource management, the reduction of the bureaucracy and the
developmentofaperformancebasedmanagementinpublicadministration.
In terms of future steps, key findings on public administration system deficiencies are already envisaged to be
addressedthroughtheNationalReformProgram:
CountrySpecificRecommendations2013 RomaniaassumedmajorstrandsthroughNRP
This recommendation refers to the poor Implementingstrategicreformstoimprovegovernmentefficiency,basedonthe
administrativecapacitywhichcontributestothelow functionalanalysiscarriedoutbytheWorldBank;
absorption of EU funds; therefore, the governance Furthermeasuresaimedatbetterregulationatcentralgovernmentlevel;
and quality of public administration needs to be Professionalizationofcivilservants;
strengthened. Standardizationofadministrativeprocedures;
IncreasedabsorptionofStructuralandCohesionFundsupport;
ModernisationofpublicadministrationthroughtheapplicationofICTs;
Buildingcapacityforregionaldevelopment

Inordertoremediatetheidentifieddeficiencies,aswellastorespondtothestructuralcausesthatdetermineda
reduced administrative capacity of Romanian public administration and to mitigate the structural effects, a
Strategyon strengtheningtheefficiencyof publicadministration20142020iscurrentlyunderelaboration.The
StrategywillbeelaboratedincorrelationwiththeupdatedBetterRegulationStrategyaimingatstrengtheningthe
publicpolicyformulationsystem.
Maindevelopmentneeds
Informed by the findings of the analysis of Development Challenges and the SWOT Analysis (Annex I), main
developmentneedsare:
Improvingdecisionmakingprocessandtheefficiencyofpublicexpendituresatalllevels
o Developingandimplementingsystemsandproceduresforpolicycoordination;
o Developingmonitoringandevaluationmechanismsfortheimplementedpolicies;
o Improve the budgetary and legislative process by streamlined indepth impact assessments and
effectiveconsultationprocess;
o Furtherimplementationoftheactionplansderivedfromthefunctionalreviewsforpublicinstitutions;
o Developingskillsintheareasofstrategicplanningandbudgetaryprogramming,impactassessmentand
monitoringandevaluation(e.g.Trainingandmethodologies,databasesforindicators);
o Strengthening participatory dimension, development of consultation and participation mechanisms in
decisionmaking;
Reformingthehumanresourcesmanagementinpublicinstitutions
o Create and implement an integrated strategic framework for human resources management in public
sector
o Raisetheprofessionalism,effectiveindependenceandattractivenessofthepublicadministration
Reducingbureaucracyforbusinessesandcitizens
o Measuringadministrativeburden,transferofknowhowandbestpractices;
o Actionstorealiseregulationsandtoreducetheburdenofbureaucracyonbusinessesandcitizens;
Opening the administration enhanced transparency, integrity, accessibility and accountability of
governmentandpublicservices;
Enhancing capacity at all levels for increasing quality and accessibility of public services throughout the
territoryofRomania
o Performance management, monitoring and evaluation systems and mechanisms for public services
delivery;
o Institutionbuilding;
o Accessibleandcustomersorientedpublicservices;
o Transferofknowhowandbestpractices;
o Partnershipsamongpublicinstitutionsandamongthemandstakeholders.
Enhancingadministrativeandfinancialcapacityatnational,regionalandlocalleveltoimplementactionsin
pursuitofRomania'sdevelopmentgoals
o Developingmodernmanagementsystemsandtoolsforincreasingperformanceinpublicinstitutionsat
alllevels
Developing coordination mechanisms among public institutions for better coordination of reform actions
both horizontally and vertically, including a clear definition of public institutions mandates, including

76
 coordinationmechanismforimplementingmacroeconomicstrategies(e.g.EUSRDandIntegratedMaritime
Policy)
Developing,introducingandsupportingtheuseofICTtoolsandopendataconcept.
Thejudicialsystem
ThejudiciaryhasevolvedintheyearssinceRomaniasaccession;thelevelofpublictrustinthejudicialsystemhas
steadily increased. According to the latest Eurobarometer on Justice182, 44% of the Romanians trust the judicial
system, which represents a major achievement as it shows an increase of more than 15% from the date of
RomaniasaccessiontotheEU.However,RomaniaisstillbelowtheEUaveragepublictrustinthejudiciary.
Creatingamodernjusticesystem,involvesbothefficientandtransparentlegalandinstitutionalframeworkandthe
implementation of management standards at the level of judicial institutions as to ensure quality of the act of
justice.
For modernizing the judicial process, new Civil and Criminal Codes were adopted in 2009, including the
accompanyingproceduralcodes.Theimplementationprocessofthecodeswasestablishedgradually,inorderto
ensurethetoolsfortheirsmoothimplementation(personnel,budgetandinfrastructure).ThenewCivilCodeand
thenewCivilProcedureCodeenteredintoforcein2011andin2013,whiletheCriminalCodesenteredintoforce
atthebeginningof2014.TheseCodeswillhaveadecisivecontributiontothemodernizationofthejudicialsystem
andwillbringbenefitsfortheefficiency,transparencyandconsistencyofthejudicialprocess.
Alongwiththeadoptionandimplementationofthenewcodesothermeasuresweretakenandprogresswasmade
inordertosustainandnaturallycomplementtheirimplementation.
Thus, at the level of the judicial system there were several projects and analysis carried out which aimed at
improving the performance and efficiency at its level. Thus, through a World Bankfunded project, Determining
andimplementingoptimumworkloadofjudgesandcourtclerks,carriedoutbetweenOctober2011May2013,a
newsystemfordeterminingtheoptimumworkloadforjudgesandclerkswasidentified,aswellastheappropriate
toolsforimplementingandmonitoringtherespectivesystematthelevelofthemanagementofthecourtsareto
befurtherdeveloped.
The judiciary also benefited in the period February 2012 March 2013, along with other central Governmental
institutions, of a functional review undertaken by the World Bank on the effectiveness of the organization and
functioningofthejudiciaryinthecontextofthegeneralconcernforimprovingtheadministrativeperformance.
Inordertofurtherstrengthenthereform,adraftStrategyforthedevelopmentofthejudicialsystemhasbeen
prepared through the common work of the relevant stakeholders at the level of the judiciary (the Ministry of
Justice, Superior Council of Magistracy, Public Ministry with its specialized structures, namely the National
Anticorruption Directorate and the Directorate for investigating organized crime and terrorism, High Court of
CassationandJustice).Itisexpectedthatthestrategywillbeadoptedinthefirstpartof2014.
The Strategy sets the development directions of the judiciary for the next years also in accordance with the
recommendationsoftheWorldBankexpertsmadeontherecentprojectundertakenintheareaofjustice.
TheStrategysmainobjectivesaimatfurthermodernizingthejudicialsystembyestablishingstrategicmanagement
at the level of the judiciary, efficient use of resources, innovative solutions to increase performance, greater
transparencyandintegrityofthejudiciaryanditsaccessibilitytothecitizens.Achievingofallthesetargetssetsthe
basisforanincreasedpublictrustintheinstitutionsofthejudiciary.
BasedontheStrategysmaintargetsandobjectives,throughthesupportofnational,ESIfundsandothersources
offinancing,theRomanianjudiciarywillaimat:
1. Increasingtheefficiencyofjusticeaspublicservice
TheconclusionsandrecommendationsofthetwoWorldBankprojects(Determiningandimplementingoptimum
workload of judges and court clerks and the Functional review) stressed, in the context of ensuring a smooth
implementationofthenewcodes,ontheimportanceofimplementingqualityindicatorsandofoptimumworkload
at the level of the courts, improvement of the judicial statistics, better coordination of actions between the key
actorswithinthejudiciaryatoensureaperformingstrategicmanagementofthejudicialsystem.
The new laws on the enforcement of criminal penalties and on the probation system will have a massive
contribution in improving the effectiveness of the justice system. Nevertheless, the newly created National
ProbationDirectorateandtheNationalAdministrationofPenitentiariesrequirefurthercapacitybuildingsupport,
inordertoefficientlyenforcethenewcriminallegislation.
Thus,thestrategyaimsatachievingthefollowingexpectedresults:Acoherentvisionofthestrategicmanagement
at the level of the judiciary established; the implementation process of the new codes (civil / criminal, civil
182
FlashEurobarometer385JusticeintheEUReport,November2013,p.14

77
procedural / criminal procedural) finalized; the organization and functioning of courts and prosecutors offices
optimized;detentionconditionsimprovedandsocialreintegrationofinmatesincreased.
2. Strengtheningtheinstitutionalcapacityofthejudicialsystem
Theneedofensuringanadequatereformofthejudiciary,aswellasstrategicmeasuresatthelevelofthejudicial
system involves, necessarily, the institutional strengthening of key actors in the system in order to better serve
theirfunctionsinaccordancewiththeircompetenceandthusensuresustainedreformsinthejudicialsystem(the
MinistryofJustice,SuperiorCouncilofMagistracy,HighCourtofCassationandJustice,ProsecutorOfficeattached
to the High Court of Cassation and Justice, National Anticorruption Directorate, Directorate for Investigating
OrganizedCrimeandTerrorism,NationalSchoolofClerks,NationalInstituteofMagistracy,NationalAdministration
ofPenitentiaries,NationalTradeRegisterOffice,NationalProbationDirectorate).
Aftersettingupin2011theofficeforassetsrecoveryintheMinistryofJustice,furtherstepsforstrengtheningthe
overallefficiencyofthenationalsystemfortracing,managingandrecoveringassetsoriginatingfromcrimewere
identified(independentauditcarriedoutbyBaselInstituteforGovernanceaswellasthepeerreviewcarriedout
by European Commission and EUROPOL) and are to be implemented on midterm. These include better
interagency coordination in enforcing the new legislation, as well as establishment of an asset management
infrastructure.
Thus,thefollowingresultsareexpectedtobeachievedbasedontheStrategy:thelegalframeworkstrengthened;
theinstitutionalcapacityattheleveloftheinstitutionswithinthejusticesystemstrengthened;thenationalasset
recoverysystemandvalorificationofproceedsofcrimesstrengthened;theadministrativecapacityofcourtsand
prosecutorsofficesstrengthened.
3. Ensuringtheintegrityatthelevelofthejusticesystem
Atthebeginningof2012(Lawno.24/2012),Romaniastrengthenedthelegalbasisforjudicialaccountability.
Intheareaofjudicialaccountability,thenewdisciplinaryoffencesandsanctionsallowthejudicialinspectionto
carryoutmoretargeted,swiftandproactivedisciplinaryinvestigations,anddevelopastrongeradvisorycapacity
withintheinspectorateforshortcomingsofjudicialorganisation,proceduresandpractice.
Also, stronger legislation to promote integrity within the judiciary itself and a law introducing extended
confiscationofcriminalassetshavebeenadopted.
As regards fighting corruption and promoting integrity, it wasacknowledged that Romania has made important
progress in the prosecution and trial of highlevel corruption cases and that the National AntiCorruption
Directorate(DNA)maintaineditstrackrecord,withasignificantincreaseinthenumberofindicteddefendantsand
inthenumberofsuccessfulprosecutions.
Intheareaoftheaccountabilityandtransparencyofthejudiciary,steadyprogresshasalsobeenregisteredinthe
enforcementoftheNationalAnticorruptionStrategy(NAS)20122015.
However,financialsupportisstillneededfortheimplementationoftheNASandoftheStrategyforstrengthening
the integrity within the judiciary 20112016, whose purpose is to increase the confidence of the population in
justice, while its final objective is to provide a high degree of competence of the judicial system. The targets
expected to be achieved are: correct decisions, available to the public, proceedings carried out in an optimal
period, incorruptible staff and unitary judicial practice. In this context, further support for DNA and other
institutions/agenciesinvolvedinfighting/preventingcorruptionshouldbeensuredastostrengthentheircapacity
ofintervention.
Inthisspecificdomain,theexpectedresultsarethefollowing:theintegrityofthejudicialsystemstrengthenedby
promotinganticorruptionmeasuresandstandardsofprofessionalethics;thestatuteoflegalprofessionsrelated
to justice system modernized in order to strengthen ethical standards: mediators, arbitrators, lawyers, experts,
notaries,insolvencypractitioners,bailiffs,translatorsandinterpreters.
4. Ensuringthetransparencyoftheactofjustice
SinceNovember2013,intrajudicialinformationsystemECRISallowsautomaticaccesstothecourtdecisionsofall
othercourtsofthecountrytoalljudgesandcourtclerks,followingaSCMdecision.Moreover,alldecisionsofthe
HCCJarenowavailableonlineonitswebsiteintheformofsummariesoftherelevantdecisionsandintegraltext
ofthedecisionsrenderedbytheHCCJ.However,thereisstillaneedtodeveloponefullelectronicdatabasewhere
courtdecisions,includingthedecisionsoftheHighCourtofCassationandJustice,willbepublishedon.
Besides, the latest CEPEJ report183 raises the attention on the need to ensure citizens easy access to obtain
practicalinformationabouttheirrightsorthecourtsactivity,ordirectlytheformsenablingthemtoenforcetheir

183
CEPEJStudiesno.18,EuropeanJudicialSystems,Edition2012

78
rights and as well as information regarding laws, procedures and courts, from official websites. In this context,
financingisneededforthecompletedigitizationofthejudiciaryinRomania,byimplementingtheefile.
The following expected results are envisaged: relevant motivated judgments published; the mechanisms for
providing information to parties and access to documents in the court in a timely manner improved, including
throughthedevelopmentandaccessofthepublictotheefileservices.
5. Ensuringtheaccesstojustice
Improvingtheaccesstojustice,especiallyinthecontextofenforcementofthenewCodes,comprisesaclusterof
measures, starting with ensuring adequate courts premises (courtrooms, courts archives) and continuing with
awarenesscampaignsonthemajorlawchanges,betterlegalaidservices,increasedonlineaccesstocourtsactivity
andservicesbydevelopingetoolstothispurpose.
Ejustice projects are also needed for the key institutions of the judiciary such as the commercial courts, the
NationalTradeRegisterOfficeastofulfiltheirmissionsinrelationtothebusinessenvironment,astosustainthe
enforcementofimportantpiecesoflegislation,suchastheupcomingnewinsolvencylegislation.
Specialisation of courts can also help to address particular blockages in the system and to support the business
environmentinRomania.Thus,inBucharest,settingupofaCommercialTribunalisplannedforthenearfuture.
ThelawwasadoptedbytheParliamentlatein2013,andtheTribunalisexpectedtostartfunctioningin2014.It
willdeal withallprofessionallitigationasaspecialisedcourtoncompanylawandinsolvency,aimedatensuring
betterqualityandspeedofcourtprocedures.
Thus,theStrategyforthedevelopmentofthejudiciaryaimsatachievingthefollowingexpectedresults:thelegal
aidsystemstrengthened;thecommunicationatthelevelofthejudiciaryimproved.
6. Improvingthequalityoftheactofjustice
As regards the consistency of the judicial process, important steps have been taken in terms of unifying the
jurisprudence.Amongtheinitiativestakeninthisregard,onecanmentionthemechanismsprovidedbythenew
legislation such as: improvements of the appeal in the interest of the law, the preliminary ruling procedure etc.
Also,measureshavebeentakeninordertoreducetheworkloadatthelevelofthecourtssuchasencouragingthe
useofmediationasanalternativemethodfordisputeresolution.
In the context of the adoption and implementation of the new codes, given the large number of revisions and
changes that took place, the need for training of all practitioners involved in the justice system judges,
prosecutors,lawyers,clerks,stafffromtheprobation/prisonsystemetc.hasincreasedsignificantly.Thetraining
of the practitioners will improve their knowledge and will offer the opportunity for discussions on the new
developmentsinlegislation,aswellasonrelevantjurisprudence.
Therefore,initialandcontinuoustrainingofthepractitionersinvolvedintheactofjusticeisalongtermgoalthat
requiressubstantialfinancialsupport.
Thus,thefollowingresultsareincludedinthedraftedStrategy:thelengthofjudicialproceedingsreduced;unified
jurisprudence;interdisciplinarytrainingofparticipantsintheadministrationoftheactofjustice;theenforcement
ofjudgmentsimproved.
Last but not least, all these reform priorities cannot be implemented without adequate physical infrastructure,
consideringthenewcodesadoptionandimplementationandgiventhelargerevisionsandmodificationsoperated.
Inthiscontext,theNewCivilProcedureCodeprovidesforaneworganizationofthecivilprocessinvolvingaseries
ofchangesintheorganizationofthetrialsuchastheseparationofthepublichearingheldincourtsoffirstinstance
intwostages(theCouncilChamberstageandthecourtroomstage).Thereare233courtsinRomania,functioning
in206buildings.Besidestheinvestmentsneededformakingthecourtspremisessuitableforenforcingofthenew
codes, also other major investments in the court buildings have to be undertaken. For example, an analysis
performed in May 2013 by the Ministry of Justice reveals that an estimated number of 75 buildings in which
function 89 courts have to be energetically rehabilitated. Also, the penitentiary units have to be energetically
rehabilitatedastheirphysicalinfrastructurerequiressignificantinvestmentsaccordingtotheEuropeanstandards
onimprisonment.
Moreover, out of total 206 court buildings, 48 are historical monuments and another 10 are situated in historic
districtsandthusbeingsubjectoflimitationintermsofrehabilitation.Mentionshouldbemadethatsomeofthe
monumentsarelocatedinrepresentativeurbancentresthathaveasignificantendowmentofculturallyimportant
buildings.
ICTformodernizingtheJudicialSystem
The further development of ICTs in the justice system will make a significant contribution to improving strategic
management,accountability,transparencyandefficiencyofthejudiciary,andtherebyenhancingaccesstojustice.

79
InvestmentisneededinordertofurthersupportthedevelopmentoftheuseoftheITwithinthejudiciary,inline
withthestrategicejusticeobjectivesandbestpracticesapplicableinthefield.
Maindevelopmentneeds
The main development needs for the judiciary refer to continuing the fulfilment of the main benchmarks and
objectivesofthereformanddevelopmentofthejudiciarytowardsamoreefficient,transparentandaccountable
system. Based on the main areas of the abovementioned Strategy for the development of the judicial system,
further support is needed in order to accompany the reform process. Thus, the main development needs are
strengthening the organisational and administrative capacity of the judicial system (Courts, prosecutors offices
andmaincentralbodiesofthejudiciary:MinistryofJustice,HighCourtofCassationandJustice,PublicMinistry,
National Anticorruption Directorate and Directorate for Investigating Organized Crime and Terrorism) and
developingthehumanresourcesintermsofprofessionalknowledgeandskillsforaproperimplementationofthe
newjudicialCodesandthenewlegislation,includingtheEuropeanacquis.Moreover,improvingaccessandquality
of justice with a view of increasing public trust (using various tools such as opinion polls and surveys, public
campaign of information, but also the publication of judicial decisions and the public access to them), while
ensuringtransparencyandintegrity(basedmainlyontheimplementationoftheNationalAntiCorruptionStrategy
andthecomplementarymeasuresinthisarea)withinjudiciaryarekeydevelopmentneedsforthesuccessofthe
reform.
Alltheaboverequiressupportmeasuresthroughinvestmentsinthe physical andITinfrastructureofthejustice
system,aswellascontinuoustrainingprogrammesformagistratesandclerks.
Cadastreandlandregistrationsystem
Romaniaiscomposedof3181territorialadministrativeunitsofwhich2861areTerritorialAdministrativeUnitsUAT
slocatedinruralarea(communes).ThetotalnumberofimmovableassetsinRomaniaisestimatedat40million
landparcelsofwhich32millionlandparcelsareinruralareasand8millionparcelsinurban.Uptodateonly9%of
ruralpropertiesareregisteredinthecadastreandlandbooksystemmanagedbytheNationalAgencyforCadastre
andLandRegistration.
Thelackofreliableinformationonrealestaterightsisaffectingthedevelopmentofbothruralandurbanareas,
with infrastructure, growth, social development, consolidation of agricultural land and environmental actions all
affected. This situation impacts the preparation and implementation of structural investments financed by the
EuropeanUnion,aswellasotherdevelopmentprogramsandinfrastructureinvestments.Thelackofinformation
onpropertyrightsoftenleadstomajordelaysandthereisoftensignificanteffortrequiredinordertoinvestigate
rightsoverthelandidentifiedasrequiredfortheprojectandensuringthatfairandjustcompensationispaidto
thosewholoseproperty.LackofdocumentaryproofofrighttouselandcanhamperaccesstosomeEUinvestment
supportforagriculture.
The system of cadastre and land book is an integrated electronic system (called eTerra) implemented and
maintained by the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration. The eTerra system covers the entire
country and ensures a system for the electronic registration of immovable assets and the management of the
databases.Forthepurposeofachievementthesystematiccadastre,theeTerrasystemneedtobeimprovedand
some investments are needed in hardware, software, maintenance and licenses. As well as the system itself,
assistance is required to support complex activities in different areas: technical (mapping, surveying), legal
(collecting in the field the ownership deeds, analysing the legal deeds), social and communication (conducting
awareness campaign in the local communities, interacting with local people and with vulnerable communities in
theprojectareas).
Also, in the performance of the cadastre work there is the need for the participation of a number of different
entities:localauthorities,cadastrecompanies,countiesofficesforcadastreandlandregistration,localpopulation.
The staff of all institutions involved has to be trained in the specific activities necessary for development of the
cadastre, as well as the top management in areas effecting the overall management, implementation and
monitoringofthesystem.
Themainproblemscausedbytheincompletepropertyrecordsare:
Constrainedlandmarket,accesstocredit,investmentandrevenues.Thehighcostofregistrationandthe
formalresolutionofsuccessionencouragesinformalitylimitslandmarketactivity,blocksaccesstoformal
creditmarkets,discouragesinvestmentandlimitspropertytaxassessmentandcollection.

80
 Difficulties in managing natural resources and responds to climate change. Neither privately nor publicly
heldforestlandshavebeenregistered,whichhinderstheirmanagementandthelackofbasicinformation
constrainsprogramstoaddressclimatechangeandotherenvironmentalconcerns.
Delays in social inclusion. Many homes and farms of the poor and disadvantaged are held without legal
rights(thisisoftenthecasewithruralRomasettlements).
Agricultural land consolidation. Preparation for farmland consolidation and agriculture land
commercializationarehinderedbythelackofreliablerecordsonpropertyandtheirownership.
Registration, sporadically, on an as needed basis, has proven too inefficient and expensive for the majority of
Romanians to access. This also applies to public lands, which are poorly demarcated, registered or designated
withinthepublicsector.
Since1989,alargenumberofpropertieshavegonethroughtheprocessofrestitution.Thisprocesswasdeveloped
in the cooperativized areas (of the past socialist period) and has been slow but is now mostly completed (about
95%ofclaimsforrestitutionhavebeensettled)resultinginpropertydeedsbeingprovidedtoeligibleowners,but
thishasnotprogressedtotheregistrationofthosedeeds.Thesedeedsarebeingregisteredsporadicallyandthis
will take a long time to complete the land books and register. In the noncooperative areas (about 37% of the
Romanianterritory)asignificantpercentageofthecurrentlandownershavenolegaldocuments(propertydeeds)
forthelandandbuildingstheypossess.Thisdelaysfarmrestructuringanddecreasesfarmcompetitiveness.
Asaresultoftheregistrationofbothprivateandpublicproperties,theruralcommuneswillmeetoneofthemost
essential conditions of accessing the EU programs in the field of local infrastructure development: the ability to
undertakethedevelopmentofpublicutilitiesnetworks,ofstreetnetworks,andtherehabilitationofpublicinterest
buildingetc.
Fortheurbanarea,theregistrationofpropertyisbeingconsideredtobedonethroughapublicservicesconcession
(GovernmentDecision448of4July2013).
Maindevelopmentneeds
InformedbythefindingsoftheanalysisofDevelopmentChallengesandtheSWOTAnalysis(AnnexI),themain
developmentneedscanbeaddressedbyimprovedlandregistrationservicesare:
Improving registration and mapping systems in rural areas for better land and credit markets and
investments. Systematic registration of property rights will increase tenure security, facilitate improved
landmarketsandaccesstoinstitutionalcreditandthusimprovetheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentof
theruralpopulationwithasubstantialincreaseinintangiblepropertyrevenues.
Improvingresourcemobilisation.Theexistinglandrecordswillformthebasisforupdatingtheruralland
registerandthecadastre andtaxation records.ThesedatabaseswillbemadeavailableforPIAA,public
authoritiesandinstitutions,publicnotariesetc.,andwillsupportbetterandmoreequitablecollectionof
propertytaxes.
Enhancing inclusion. Progressing systematic registration will include support services to identify and
facilitateformalizationofpropertypossessedbylegitimateoccupantswithoutvalidlegaldocumentation.

1.2SUMMARYOFTHEEXANTEEVALUATIONSOFTHEPROGRAMMESORKEYFINDINGSOFTHEEX
ANTEEVALUATIONSOFTHEPA
Romania took the decision to contract exante evaluation as an independent method to improve the coherence
andqualityofthePA.Theexanteevaluatorswereaskedtorespondtothreesetsofquestionsrevolvingaround(i)
the internal and external coherence of the PA 2014 2020; (ii) the administrative capacity of authorities and
beneficiaries; (iii) the electronic systems for the exchange of information between authorities and beneficiaries.
Thissectionconcentratesonthefirstsetofquestionsandwillbeupdatedoncevariousversionsoftheevaluation
reportsaremadeavailablebytheevaluationteam.
DuringtheperiodMarch2013December2013theevaluationofthePAwasconductedinthreestagesbasedon
the following versions: PA consultative document (31st May), PA working document (August 2013), and PA first
draft(October2013).Throughouttheprogrammingprocess,withthesupportofevaluatorsaseriesofvalidation
seminars were organized on the topics related to the internal coherence and fulfilment of the exante
conditionalities.
Inordertofacilitatetheevaluationofinternalandexternalcoherencewasusedalogicalmatrix.Basedonthisthe
main findings of evaluators referred to: the relevance of statistical data included in the analysis of disparities
corroborated with length of the section; the insufficient identification or illustrations of problems; not clear link
between development needs and proposed funding priorities, or priorities not justified at all by the needs

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identified;thelevelofdetailofdevelopmentneedsacrossthedevelopmentchallenges;correlationbetweenthe
needs/opportunities and the integrated territorial approach proposed, not all NRP priorities are clearly target
throughtheESIFunds.Attheendofthirdevaluationstagetheevaluatorsappreciatedthatthenewversionsofthe
document were significantly improved, in terms internal and external coherence, and by including relevant
statisticaldatathedepthofanalysisincreasedsignificantly.Theclaritywasimproved,e.g.regardingthecoherence
withEurope2020objectivesorCountrySpecificRecommendations.Aswellthelinkbetweenofthedevelopment
needsandproposedfundingprioritieswassynchronised.
Presently, the evaluation of the second draft of PA is in progress. In support to prepare the new version of the
documenttheevaluationwascarriedoutonaniterativebasis,withevaluatorsandparticipantsinthePAdrafting.
Theexerciseallowedtheidentificationofproblematicareasandtheimmediatereactionintheimplementationof
recommendations.
Asregardtheexante evaluationofoperationalprogrammes, theMinistryofEuropean Fundshascommissioned
andisresponsibleforthemanagementofevaluationforthefollowingOPs:,LargeInfrastructure,Competitiveness,
Human Capital, Administrative Capacity, Technical Assistance and Regional Operational Programme. The
evaluations started in December 2013, with the exception of Large Infrastructure OP evaluation which was
launchedinFebruary2014.
Whererelevant,theexanteevaluationincludestheStrategicEnvironmentalAssessment(SEA).
Inordertorefineandimprovethedraftoperationalprogrammes,theevaluationexpertsheldafirstroundofjoint
discussion with the responsible in programme preparations for the following OPs: Large Infrastructure,
Competitiveness, Human Capital and Technical Assistance. In the second part of March 2014 are scheduled
meetingfortheRegionalOperationalProgrammeandAdministrativeCapacity.
TheevaluationfortheNationalRuralDevelopmentProgramme20142020isorganisedunderthereasonabilityof
ManagingAuthorityforNRDPandcommencedinJanuary2014.Thefirstresultsoftheevaluationareexpectedin
March 2014. As regard the Operational Program for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs the start of the exante
evaluationislinkedwiththeapprovaloftheEMFFspecificRegulation.
AsummaryofexanteevaluationfortheoperationalprogrammeswillbeincludedinthefinaldraftofthePA.

1.3SELECTEDTHEMATICOBJECTIVES,ANDFOREACHOFTHESELECTEDTHEMATICOBJECTIVESA
SUMMARYOFTHEMAINRESULTSEXPECTEDFOREACHOFTHEESIFUNDS
TheanalysisrevealsRomania'scontinuingand,insomecases,wideningdisparitieswiththeEUacrossabroadin
spectrumofissues.Accordingly,inthe201420period,RomaniawillmakeinvestmentsusingESIFundsresources
underall11ThematicObjectivesthatrelatetotheEU2020strategy.
The selection of Thematic Objectives relates to their alignment with and potential contribution to the five
Challengesandtherelatedmaindevelopmentneeds:

DevelopmentChallenge ThematicObjective

1.Strengtheningresearch,technologicaldevelopmentandinnovation
COMPETITIVENESS2.Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,informationandcommunicationtechnologies
ANDLOCAL 3.Enhancingthecompetitivenessofsmallandmediumsizedenterprises,theagriculturalsectorand
DEVELOPMENT thefisheriesandaquaculturesector
6.Preservingandprotectingtheenvironmentandpromotingresourceefficiency

2.Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,informationandcommunicationtechnologies
8.Promotingsustainableandqualityemploymentandsupportinglabourmobility
PEOPLEANDSOCIETY 9.Promotingsocialinclusion,combatingpovertyandanydiscrimination
10.Investingineducation,trainingandvocationaltrainingforskillsandlifelonglearning
11.Enhancinginstitutionalcapacityofpublicauthoritiesandstakeholdersandefficientpublic
administration
2.Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,informationandcommunicationtechnologies
INFRASTRUCTURE 7.Promotingsustainabletransportandremovingbottlenecksinkeynetworkinfrastructures
9.Promotingsocialinclusion,combatingpovertyandanydiscrimination
4.Supportingtheshifttowardsalowcarboneconomyinallsectors
5.Promotingclimatechangeadaptation,riskpreventionandmanagement
RESOURCES 6.Preservingandprotectingtheenvironmentandpromotingresourceefficiency
7.Promotingsustainabletransportandremovingbottlenecksinkeynetworkinfrastructures
9.Promotingsocialinclusion,combatingpovertyandanydiscrimination

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 DevelopmentChallenge ThematicObjective

2.Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,informationandcommunicationtechnologies
GOVERNANCE
11.Enhancinginstitutionalcapacityofpublicauthoritiesandstakeholdersandefficientpublic
administration

QuantificationofRomania'ssocioeconomicneedsandtechnicaldeficitsundertakenaspartoftheanalysisexercise
makesclearthatfullabsorptionofESIFundscanmeetonlyafractionofthesein20142020.However,factorsfrom
theanalysisthathavehelpedtodeterminethehighleveldistributionofresourcesinclude:
the limited absorption capacity of businesses and innovation providers reflecting the sectoral structure and
sizedistributionofthebusinessbase,thefocusongrowthandjobsnotwithstanding.
the extent to which Romania's investment choices are predetermined by the Acquis, and obligations to
internationalfundinginstitutionsrequiringastrongfocustransportandwaterprojects.
Additionally,distributionofresourcesistosomedegreeconditionedbytherulesonthematicconcentrationand
thedisaggregationoftheESIFundsintofiveFunds.
Within the envelope of these constraints, Romania has made a positive choice to use the ESI Funds to move
Romania's economy and society forward in a balanced manner, having particular regard to the territorial
challengesingeneratinggrowthandjobsinthecountry'slessdevelopedregions:
19.24%ofthenationalERDFallocationwillbeallocatedtoTO1RTDI;TO2ICT;TO3SMEs.0.76%EAFRD
toTO1;
Additionally,some28.48%EAFRDwillcontributeTO3,respectivelyaimingtoincreasethecompetitiveness
oftheruralandfishingeconomy.
TO4, concerned with low carbon transformation will be a major focus and will attract 30.78% of the
nationalERDFallocationand2.3%fromCFallocation6.07%EARDFforTO4;
Forenvironmentsector,around6.9%ofCFwillbededicatedtoTO5andforTO6bothfundERDFandCF
willcontribute,namely4.62%ERDFand37.11%CF.33.14%EARDFforTO5andTO6;
Reflecting Romania's infrastructural deficit and its critical role in supporting growth, will be dedicated to
TO7SustainableTransport31.63%ofthenationalERDFallocationand53.69%oftheCFallocation;
For TO8, Employment around 28.22% will be allocated of the total national ESF allocation to which is
added6.61%fromEARDF;;
Around23.75%ofthenationalESFallocationwilltargetTO9,Socialinclusion,includingsocialservicesanda
further26.33%TO10Education.Supportinginvestmentsinsocialandeducationalinfrastructure,willbe
made using ERDF with 8.23% contribution from the ERDF national allocation for these two objectives.
22.71%EARDFforTO9andTO10.
Around 14.98% from the national ESF allocation will be dedicated to TO 11, Institutional
capacity/efficiency.EARFDcontributiontoTO11throughNRDPtechnicalassistanceis2.23%.
ForEMFF,theindicativeallocation(%)isasfollow:
TO3Enhancingthecompetitivenessofsmallandmediumsizedenterprises,theagriculturalsectorandthe
fisheriesandaquaculturesector50%
TO4Supportingtheshifttowardsalowcarboneconomyinallsectors2%
TO6Preservingandprotectingtheenvironmentandpromotingresourceefficiency22%
TO8Promotingsustainableandqualityemploymentandsupportinglabourmobility20%
Technicalassistance6%.

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DevelopmentChallenge1Competitivenessandlocaldevelopment
Inordertotacklethischallenge,amultidimensionalapproachwillbefollowedfortheinterventionsundertheTO1,2and3.
Theconceptofcompetitivenessisappliedbothatthelevelofcountryintermsofmaintainingorgrowingeconomicactivity,andatthelevelofthebusinessoperatingin
the context of open markets for retaining or increasing theirs market share. In order to create new jobs it is necessary to improve the ability to drive innovation and
researchanddevelopmentinproducts,services,businessandsocialprocessesandmodelsaswellasimprovebusinessenvironmentandthepowertoimplementvalue
chainsonalargescaleandthereforecreatinglinkswithinandoutsidethecountry.
Thematicobjectiveno.1:Strengtheningresearch,technologicaldevelopmentandinnovation
InterventionsfromESIFundsunderthisthematicobjectivehavebeensetinordertocontributetoachievethemainobjectivetoImprovetheconditionsforresearchand
development, in particular with the aim of bringing combined public and private investment levels in this sector to 2% of GDP. This will be done by supporting
innovationinenterprisesandcapacitybuildingforR&Iexcellenceandtechnologicalchange.Inruralareasinnovationandtheknowledgebasewillbeenhancedthrough
cooperationbetweentheagriculture,foodandforestrysectorsandotheractorsandthecreationofclustersandnetworksanduseofadvisoryservices.
The RDI component of OP Competitiveness will be developed in synergy and complementarity with the National RDI Plan and also in synergy with the European RDI
Programme Horizon 2020. The research financed by EAFRD will be in synergy with the European Research Policy Horizon 2020 which is becoming more focused on
practical issues and will provide financial support for new interactive formats and extra practically, as well as thematic networks and multiactors projects. In the
frameworkoftheNationalRDIPlan,thenationalbudgetwillsupportfundamentalandfrontierresearchcomplementingESIFundstargetingsupportforappliedresearch
andinnovationinbusiness.SynergywillalsobeensuredthroughcommonRDIactionswithcomplementaryeligibilitycriteria.Anewtypeoffinancing"Partnershipsfor
Knowledge Transfer" will be used in OP Competitiveness to link enterprises with innovation support services and to provide them with access to research facilities,
includinginfrastructuresdevelopedormodernisedinthe200713period.
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
The creation of a more compact SupportingprivateRDIinvestmentsandresearchpartnershipsbetweenenterprisesandresearchorganisationsinordertofosterthetransfer
andmodernR&Denvironmentthat ofknowledge,technologyandpersonnelwithRDIadvancedskillsandtoenabletheRDIbaseddevelopmentofproductsandservicesin
is focused on businesss needs, economicsectorswithgrowthpotential
societal challenges and Promotingfinancialinstrumentsaimedtosupporttheriskofprivateinvestmentinresearchandinnovationandtostimulateinnovativestart
technologies where Romania has upsandspinoffs
world class potential, informed by Developingthepublicandprivateresearchinfrastructure,bothaspartofexisting/emergingclusters,centresofexcellenceandothertypesof
the principles of smart researchstructures(national/regional/EU),andinspecificareasidentifiedaspriorities,basedonexistingpotentialand/orcompetitive
specialization and in order to advantage,suchashealth
increasethecommercializationand UnlockingthepotentialforexcellenceinresearchandinnovationbycreatingsynergieswiththeRDIactionsoftheprogrammeHorizon2020.
internalizationofresearch. Creationanddevelopingofinnovationandtechnologytransfersupportinfrastructureinthepublicandprivatesectors,particularlyin
Thepromotionofanenterpriseand Romania'slessdevelopedregions,informedbytheprinciplesofsmartspecialization
innovation culture throughout the Advisoryservicestofarmers,inordertoimprovetheeconomicandenvironmentalperformance
education system and in business Encouragingthecooperationbetweenfarming/agribusiness,forestryandfoodsectors,education,advisoryandresearchinordertousethe
networkedwithallnecessaryforms resultsinrelationtopilotprojects,developmentofnewproducts,practices,processesandtechnologies,asappliedsolutionsofresearchand
of support, financial, managerial, innovation
technical, creative, in order to Adaptingresearchactivitiestotheneedsoffarmersandfacilitatingtheiraccesstoresearch,innovationresultsandqualityadvisoryservices.
realise the latent potential in Settingupoperationalgroups(farmers,researchers,advisors),whichwillformpartoftheEuropeanInnovationPartnershipforagricultural
Romania's people and its productivityandsustainability
businesses; Theestablishmentanduseofadvisoryservicesforthefisheriessector

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 Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Adapting research activities to the Collaborationbetweenfisherman/aquaculturefarmersandscientists
needs of farmers and facilitating
their access to research,
innovation results and quality
advisoryservices.
SynergywithotherTOs:
TheproposedprioritiesforfundingundertheTO1willbesynchronizedprimarilywiththeinterventionsaddressingentrepreneurshipandbusinessmodelsunderTO3,
butalsowiththemeasurestargetingemployment,educationandskillsunderTO8and10andthemeasurescoveredbyDigitalAgendaaddressedunderTO2.
EAFRDthroughruraldevelopmentpriority1willcontributetothisTO.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDF:HigherlevelsofinvestmentinRDI,bothinthepublicandprivatesectors;greatertranslationofresearchfindingsintocommercialapplications;animproved
distributionofRDIactivityacrossRomania'sregions.
EAFRD:IncreasednumberofcooperationactionsandsettingupofOperationalGroupsforEuropeanInnovationPartnershipforagriculturalproductivityandsustainability.
Newproducts,practices,processesandtechnologiesdevelopedandappliedatfarmlevelandinfoodindustry.
EMFF: Improvementofeconomicandenvironmentalperformancethroughdevelopmentofinnovativeproducts,practices,processesandtechnologies.
Thematicobjectiveno.2Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,informationandcommunicationtechnologies
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
ActionstopromoteICTadoptionbybusiness,includingecommerceapplicationsandinnovation
Actionstodevelopegovernmentinstrumentsforbusinessandcitizens(egovernment2.0)
Actionstodevelopcloudcomputingandsocialmediacollaborationtechnologies
Strengthening the digital business Actionstoprovidemodernonlinepublicserviceswhichensureinteroperabilityofdifferentnonintegratedsystems,acrosssectors,
environment regions and at national level, (increased coordination and efficiency of public resources to be promoted) and access to open
standardsforincreasingtransparencyandadministrativeefficiency
Actionstoensuresecurenetworksandsystems
ActionstomodernisethecustomsthroughimprovementofITsystemsandequipment
SynergywithotherTOs:
PrioritiesforfundingunderTO2needtobesynchronizedwiththoseaddressingemployment,education,andskillsrelatingtothecurrentandfutureworkforceunderTO
1,3,10,and11andwithTO7toincreasetheoperabilityofthecustoms.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDF:MoredynamicandcompetitivemarketsacrossRomania,withassociatedgainsforconsumers,arisingfromincreaseduseofecommerce;Improvementstopublic
servicesandreducedadministrativeburden,bothonbusinessesandcitizens,arisingfromtheimplementationofegovernment2.0;
Thematicobjectiveno.3Enhancingthecompetitivenessofsmallandmediumsizedenterprises,theagriculturalsectorandthefisheriesandaquaculturesector

85
InterventionsfromESIFundsunderthisTOhavebeensetinordertocontributetoincreasecompetitivenessofSMEs,astheserepresentthebackboneoftheeconomy
andarekeydriversofgrowth,jobcreationandcohesion.Thiswillbedonebysupportinginvestmentinentrepreneurship,investmentinthecommercialexploitationof
newideasandresearchresults,providingbusinessadvisoryservicesandsupportthedevelopmentofwebtools.Theinterventionstoenhancethecompetitivenessofthe
agriculturalsectorwillhelptosecureviablefoodproductioninsysteminRomaniaandcontributetojobcreationandmaintenanceandgrowthinruralareas.
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Actions to improve the productivity of SMEs and to provide to growth opportunities and innovation, including
The continued expansion and growth, including in supportingadvancedtechnologicalinvestments,theapplicationofdesignandothercreativeskills,enhancingaccess
international market of Romania's competitive tobusinessplanningsupport,totechnicalconsultancy,internationalmarkets;
manufacturing and high value added services sectors, in Actions to improve access to finance, including through the provision of an appropriate range of financial
particular,automotives;ICTproductsandservices;foodand instruments;
drinkprocessing. Actionstonetworkbusinesses,toenhanceknowledgespilloversandtofacilitatetheirparticipationinsupplychains,
The transformation of Romania's traditional sectors, includingthoseofinternationalscale;
health/pharmaceuticals; tourism; textiles/leather; Integratedactionssites,skills,investmentsupporttoattractinvestmentintoRomania'slessdevelopedregions.
wood/furniture; creative industries; energy/environmental Actions to improve economic performance of farms (including orchards), facilitate farm restructuring and
managementandinagriculture,forestryandfishingwhere modernization,increasemarketparticipationandorientationaswellasdiversificationwithinagriculturalsector,with
there is potential to grow, to increase added value or to particularfocusoninnovationandhighervalueadded(e.g.onfarmrenewableenergy);
sustain activity in the medium term through the Actionstofacilitateintergenerationalchangeincludingencouragingtheestablishmentofskilledyoungfarmers;
exploitation of specialist niches or to increase Actionstoimproveandadapttheagriculturalandforestryinfrastructuresuchasaccessroadsforagriculturaland
competitiveness through innovation and market forestryholdings;
development. Actionstoimproveaccessofyoungpeoplewiththeappropriatetrainingintheagriculturalsector;
Therestructuring,consolidationandonfarmdiversification
Actionstoincreasethevalueaddedgeneratedbythefruitgrowingsectorthroughanintegratedapproachacrossthe
in order to improve competitiveness and viability of
valuechain;
agricultural holdings; renewal of the age structure in
Actions to improve the economic performance of primary producers by better integrating them into the agrifood
farming and the adoption of modern and innovative
chainandshortsupplycircuits;
productionandmarketingpractices;
Actionstosupportfarmriskpreventionandmanagement,includingthroughmutualfunds;
Increasing the valueadded generated by the fruit sector
Actions to support growth and modernization of the agrifood industry, enhancing its capacity in adding value to
throughanintegratedapproachacrossthevaluechain;
agriculturalproducts,andinmeetingEuropeanstandardsandconsumerexpectations;
Attractingyoungpeoplewiththeappropriatetraininginthe
agriculturalsector; Actionssupportinglocalprocessingandmarketingofagriculturalproducts;
The improvement to the competitivity and Actionstofacilitatetheaccesstofinancethroughanappropriaterangeoffinancialinstruments;
entrepreneurshipinthefisheriesandaquaculture Investmentsinaquaculture:newunits,modernizationofexistingunits,diversificationofspecieswithdemonstrated
The radical improvement to the business environment in marketpotential,improvementofthepotentialofaquaculturesites;
terms of the availability of investment finance, the Promotion of new sources of income complementary to the fisheries sector (environment, tourism, education
transparency and predictability of policy, the activities);
proportionality of administration and regulation, including Investmentinfishingports,shelters,landingsitesandfirstsalesites;
throughimprovementtogovernmentuseofICTs. Improvementofworkingconditionsrelatedtohealthandsafetyonboardinlandandmarinefishingvessels;
The need to focus on creation of employment and growth Supportfortheestablishment,organizationandfunctioningofproducersprocessingmarketingchain;
bytheblueeconomy. Capacity building activities for the implementation of Marine Strategy Framework, Integrated Coastal Zone
Management and Maritime Spatial Planning in the particular context of sustainable exploitation of marine waters
andcoastalzonesintheBlackSea.

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SynergywithotherTOs:
TheproposedprioritiesforfundingundertheTO3willbesynchronizedprimarilywiththoseaddressingemployment,educationandskillsrelatingtothecurrentand
futureworkforceunderTO8and10,andtheenergyefficiencyandlowcarboneconomymeasuresunderTO4.DevelopmentandinnovationopportunitiesofSMEswill
besupportedthroughICTinvestments(ecommerce)underTO2.
Notleast,animportantaspectisthecomplementaritywiththeTO11,inordertoreducebureaucracyandadministrativecostsasimpedimentstoeconomicoperators.
TheEAFRDthroughruraldevelopmentpriority2and3willcontributetothisTO.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDF: SustainablegrowthoftheRomanianeconomy,reflectedinincreasedformaleconomicactivityandemploymentacrossallofRomania'slessdevelopedregions;a
higherproportionofemploymentininternationallycompetitiveindustrialandhighervalueaddingservicesectors;animprovedcontributiontogrowthandemployment
fromSMEs;improvedenvironmentalsustainabilityofthebusinesssector.
EAFRD:Increasedproductivityandaddedvalueinagriculture,forestryandfoodprocessingsectors;reductionofpolarisationinagriculturalholdings;;increasedshareof
farmsmanagedbyskilledyoungfarmers.
EMFF:Moreeconomicallysustainableanddiversifiedfisheriessectors;increasedvolumeandenhancedvalueaddedinproductionandprocessing;betterconnectionswith
markets across Romania and beyond; improved standards in aquaculture and environmental compliance; increased safety on board inland and marine fishing vessels;
consumergainsfromimprovedvarietyandqualityofoffer.
Thematicobjectiveno.6Preservingandprotectingtheenvironmentandpromotingresourceefficiency
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding

Restoration and valorisation of cultural heritage and tourism natural resources including valorisation of
thelocalspecifictourismpotential,therehabilitationofhistorical(urban)areas,sustainablecapitalization
The attraction of investment into Romania's less developed regions
of the cultural patrimony, measures for urban environment (including rehabilitation of unused and/or
and into its rural areas through an integrated approach spanning
degradedpublicspacesandbuildings,sportinfrastructure/multifunctionalculturalcentres);
infrastructure,sites,skills,andinvestmentsupport.
Actionstoenhancelocaldevelopment,baseduponlocalculturalproductsandservices,includingthrough
eculturaltools.

SynergywithotherTOs:
TheproposedprioritiesforfundingundertheTO6willbesynchronizedwithinterventionsforeseenunderTO2inordertofacilitateaccessto localculturalproductsand
servicesthrougheculturaltools;theinvestmentsaimingatthe restorationandvalorisationofculturalheritageandtourismnaturalresourceswillbecorrelatedwiththemeasures
foreseen under TO4 aiming to improve energy efficiency and costs reduction and with those foreseen under TO3 in order to increase the competitiveness of the
developmentofthelocalbusiness.
Expectedresults:
ERDF:Increasedaddedvalueofculturalandtourismservicesbyrehabilitationofhistorical(urban)areasandunusedand/ordegradedpublicspacesandbuildings,sport
infrastructure/multifunctionalculturalcentres.
DevelopmentChallenge2Peopleandsociety
Inordertotacklethischallenge,amultidimensionalapproachwillbefollowedfortheinterventionsunderTO8,9and10.

87
Assuringtheavailabilityofa"workready"workforcetomeettheneedsofgrowingbusinessesandsectorsandtheattractivenessofareasasalocationforinvestmentwill
playamajorroleinpromotingenterprise/selfemployment,havingadirectimpactonemploymentandlabourmobility.
Actionstodevelopofnewbusinessesandsocialenterprisesdeliveringpublicservices,particularlyinRomania'slessdevelopedregionsandinruralareas,areexpectedto
increasethesocialinclusionandreducingpoverty.
Regardingeducationandtrainingtheavailabilityofskillsandexpertiseisfundamentaltorealisinggrowth,particularlyinknowledgeintensivesectors,intheshortand
longerterms.
Thematicobjectiveno.2Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,informationandcommunicationtechnologies
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
IncreasingeinclusionanduseofICTineducationandhealthby:
Improvingthesystemefficiencythroughtheuseofinformationand - improvingeducationthroughITbasedcurricularandextracurricularactivitywiththeuseofopen
communication(IT&C)technologyinstrumentsintheframeworkof accessinstrumentssuchasOERandWeb2.0socialinstruments
ehealth,esocialassistance - ensuring the interoperability of medical information systems and the introduction of accessible
ExploitingICTasaforceformodernisation. telemedicinesystemstobeusedinthepatientdoctorrelationsand
- developingesocialassistance(upgradingoftheSAFIRsystem+upgradingordevelopmentoftwo
components (public & restricted) of the register of service providers) ICT contributions (software,
hardware)forenhancingdatacollection,monitoringandevaluationinthefieldofsocialassistance.
SynergywithotherTOs:
PrioritiesforfundingunderTO2needtobesynchronizedwiththoseaddressingeducationandskillsrelatingtothecurrentandfutureworkforce,healthandcultureunder
TO8,9and10.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDF:Improvedservicesineducation,health
Thematicobjectiveno.11Enhancinginstitutionalcapacityofpublicauthoritiesandstakeholdersandefficientpublicadministration
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Buildinguptheadministrativecapacityofprofessionalsworkingineducationsectoratbothcentralandlocal
Reformingthehumanresourcesmanagementineducationaland levelinrelationtoqualityassurance,monitoringandevaluationsystems
healthsystems Buildingthecapacityofdecisionmakersatnationalandlocallevelindesigningandimplementingevidence
basedpoliciesintheviewoftheprogressofthehealthreformanddecentralizationprocess
Expectedresults:
Withinthisthematicobjective,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ESF:Bettercapacityinevaluatingtheimpactoftheeducationandhealthpolicies.
Thematicobjectiveno.8:Promotingsustainableandqualityemploymentandsupportinglabourmobility
InterventionsfromESIFundsunderthisthematicobjectivehavebeensetinordertocontributetoachievethemainobjectivetoreachthe70%nationalemploymentrate
assumed by Romania through NRP. This will be done by addressing the employability issue in an integrated manner from the perspective of education, training and
employment opportunities, as well as by focussing on the most affected target groups on the labour market (young people NEETs, elderly, women, rural population),
accordingtothemaindevelopmentneeds.

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 Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Developingamultidimensionalapproach(e.g.designingcarrierpath,counselling,deliveringpersonalizedservices,trainings,
apprentices/traineeships,jobsearchmechanism,jobmatchingprofileetc.)tosupportreintegrationofyoungpeoplenotin
Increasingemploymentopportunities; education,employmentortraining(NEETS)witheducation,trainingandemploymentopportunities.
Sustainable integration into the labour market of Actions to boost youth employment, prioritising regions with particularly high youth unemployment, including mobility
young people not in employment, education or bonus,financialincentives,careersguidanceandenterprisecounselling.
training(NEETs); A combination of targeted and mainstreaming actions to improve access to the labour market of long term unemployed,
Accesstoemploymentforjobseekersandinactive inactive, women,olderworkers,Romapeople,disabledpeopleandpeoplewithlowlevelsofeducationandqualification,
people, focusing on older workers (5564 y.o.), includingthosefromruralareas;
Roma,disabledandothervulnerablegroups; Settingupactiveandpreventivelabourmarketmeasuresbytakingintoaccountspecificregionalandterritorialdisparities.
Reduce regional and territorial disparities and Actionstoenhancethemobilityoflabour;
enhancelabourmobility; Supportingemployabilityactionslikeindividualcounselling,workbasedtraining,andencouragingentrepreneurship,taking
Improve alignment of employment and workforce intoaccountthedistinctivestructureofemploymentinRomania;
development services with the changing needs of Supportforactiveagingmeasures;
thelabourmarket; Support for jobsearch mechanism and a frame for employability of people affected by industrial restructuring and, in
Diversificationoftheruraleconomy,bypromoting particular, those from agricultural and fishing communities affected by the reduction in employment that is likely to
the creation and development of business and accompanyincreasedcompetitiveness.
jobs,outsideagriculture; Deliveringemploymentandworkforcedevelopment184servicesbasedonthechangingneedsofthelabourmarket,witha
Diversifyingthefisheriesandaquacultureeconomy particularfocusongrowthcompetitivesectorsand/orthetraditionalsectorswithpotentialtogrow,butalsoonregional/
in order to attract employment and business localgrowthpotentials(emphasisedundertheRegionalDevelopmentPlans);
creationinthefield; Supportingselfemploymentactions,entrepreneurshipandbusinesscreation,includingthroughfinancialinstruments.
ModernizingthePESsystemandstrengtheningits Creationofnewfoodprocessingunits;
administrative capacity to deliver/personalized Creation of new small enterprises through business startup aid for nonagricultural micro and small enterprises and
employment (such as career path, counselling, developmentofnonagriculturalactivitiesinruralareas;
mentoring,training,jobsearch,jobmatchingetc.) Diversificationofthefisheriesandaquaculturesector,bysupportingthecreationofnewsmallenterprisesandjobcreation
and preventive employment measures, including inthefield;
byapartnershipapproach. Promotion of new sources of income in the fishing areas, other than core activity (environment, tourism, education
activities);
StrengtheningthecapacityofPEStodeliver/personalizedemployment(suchascareerpath,counselling,mentoring,training,
jobsearch,jobmatchingetc.)andpreventiveemploymentmeasures,includingbyapartnershipapproach
SynergieswithotherTOs:
TheproposedprioritiesforfundingunderthisTOwillbesynchronizedprimarilywiththeinterventionsforsocialinclusionandeducationunderTO9and10,together
contributingtodevelopinganinclusivehumanresource,withhighlevelofqualificationandcompetences,adaptedtothelabourmarketneeds.
Inthesametime,thisobjectiveneedstobesynchronizedalsowiththeTO1and3,inordertoaddressthesectorsidentifiedwithgrowthpotential.
Not least, very important for the successful of the proposed priorities is the complementarity with the TO 11, in order to benefit for the results of the egovernment
interventionsunderTO11.
EAFRDthroughruraldevelopmentpriority6willcontributetothisTO.

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UndertheTOno.8aretobefinancedmeasuresforworkforcedevelopmenttargetedtolongtermunemployed/inactivewhileunderTOno.10(LLL)aretobefinancedmeasuresforthoseemployed

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Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDF,ESF,EAFRDandEMFF:Increasedeconomicactivityandemployment,particularlyinRomania'slessdevelopedregionsandruralareas.
ESF:Increasedlabourmarketparticipation,particularlyinRomania'slessdevelopedregionsandruralareas;bettertermsandconditionsforemployeesarisingparticularly
fromgrowthcompetitivesectorsand/orthetraditionalsectorswithpotentialtogrowand/orregional/localgrowthpotentialsandformallabourmarketsacrossRomania;
better transition of young people between education and the world of work; improved position of disadvantaged groups in the labour market, particularly for older
workers,LTU,inactive,Romapeople;improvedqualityofPESservicesindeliveringactiveemploymentmeasures
EAFRD: Increased diversification of rural activities and employment outside agriculture; resulting in increased share of secondary and tertiary sectors in the in the
economyofruralareas
EMFF:IncreaseddiversificationofeconomicactivityinfisheriessectorsandwithinRomania'sfisheriesareas.
Thematicobjectiveno.9Promotingsocialinclusion,combatingpovertyandanydiscrimination
InterventionsfromESIFundswillcontributetowardstheachievementofthegoalassumedbyRomaniathroughtheNRPwhichreferstothereductionofthenumberof
peopleatriskofpovertyorexclusionby580,000peopleby2020comparedto2008.
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Reducing the incidence of poverty and Developing an equitable, sustainable, affordable and high quality social assistance system, benefits and social services for all
social exclusion experienced by the vulnerablegroups,includingpreventive,integratedandinnovativetypesofservicesinordertoaddresspovertyandsocialinclusion
identified vulnerable groups through issues, spanning technical development and improving the skills and competences of professionals and practitioners in local
integrated measures (education, government,inotherpublicagenciesandNGOs;
employment, housing, social and health
Integrated actions to address the needs of vulnerable persons, groups and communities, including actions to improve their
careandactionstocombatdiscrimination). educationalparticipation,theirintegrationinthelabourmarket,theiraccesstohousing,social,healthcareandculturalservices,
Promoting social economy and providing
andactionstocombatdiscrimination;
support to social economy structures with
Strengthen the capacity of public and private service providers to deliver quality communitybased care services for children,
the final aim to support social and labour
personswithdisabilities,peoplewithmentalproblemsandelderly(especiallyinlaggingareas);
marketintegrationofvulnerablegroups;
Exploiting innovative potential of social economy models (including sheltered employment for vulnerable persons) to address
Improving the accessibility and quality of
societalchallengesand/ortosupportlabourmarketintegrationandsocialinclusionofvulnerablegroupsandtheirtransitiontothe
social services, particularly in rural areas
businessmodels,thedevelopmentoflocalserviceswheremarketmodelsfailtodeliver,therebycreatingemploymentandsocial
andindeprivedurbanareas,andenhancing
inclusion;
their contribution to combating poverty,
Developing a proactive, volunteer oriented and participative culture within general public and social assisted persons and
socialexclusionandsocialproblems;
encouragingpartnershipbasedapproachesintacklingpoverty;
Improving the basic infrastructure & access
Enhancing access to quality health care and treatments, including emergency care, primary care, development of integrated
to services in order to promote economic
medical and social care services, including at community level, with focus on the services provided in ambulatory settings and
development and reduce poverty in rural
developingintegratedprimaryhealthcarespecialistwithtelemedicinesupport;
settlements and in deprived urban areas,
includingfisheriesareas; Providing screening programmes for the main pathologies (e.g.: cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, mental illness, rare
Development of alternative types of diseases,tuberculosis);
services to the classic residential centres Enhancing public awareness, information and education on health and social issues, including discrimination against Roma,

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 Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
and to the transition from big capacity to preventionofdomesticviolence,substanceabuseandhumantrafficking;
thecommunitybasedservices; Enhancingknowledgeandskillswithinhealthprofessionals185asaprerequisitetoincreasethequalityofservices;
Improvingsocialinclusionofpeoplelivingin Promotingsocialresponsibilitybyenhancingpublicawareness,disseminationofinformationandgoodpractices;
rural areas (including fisheries areas) or Developmentofsocialservicesinfrastructure,focusingoncommunitybasedinfrastructure;
urban poverty pockets facing high level of Supporting the transition from institutional to communitybased care services (e.g.: protected homes, familytype homes,
deprivation by using targeted approaches domiciliarycare,daycarecentres,integratedsocialandhealthcommunityservices,respitecentresetc.),deliveredbypublicand
such as LEADER/ Communityled local privatesocialservicesprovidersincludingtargetedsupportforinfrastructureneededforintegratedcommunitycarecentres;
developmentmodels Investmentsinhospitalsandotherpublichealthinfrastructure(e.g.ambulatory/outpatientservices,multifunctionalcentres)
Improving health outcomes, particularly in Support for physical, economic and social regeneration of deprived communities in urban areas, including in the framework of
relation to maternal and neonatal heath CommunityledLocalDevelopment,includingsupportforsocialeconomy;
and pathologies which account for the Fosteringlocaldevelopmentinruralareasthroughinvestmentsinalltypesofsmallscaleinfrastructure,including(e.g.localroads,
majorityofadultmorbidity. watersupplyandsewerageinfrastructurecomplementarywithLargeInfrastructureOP),andinsettingup/improvinglocalbasic
Improvingthesystemefficiencythroughthe servicesfortheruralpopulation(e.g.socialandeducationalinfrastructureincludingthoseintheagriculturalfieldandinvestments
use of information and communication associatedwiththeculturalheritagepreservation).Thesmallscaleinfrastructurerelatedtoroadswillbetargetedonimproving
(IT&C) technology instruments in the connectivitytomainroadnetworkandlinkedtoeconomicdevelopmentpotentialinordertoreducetheruralpoverty.
frameworkofehealth,esocialassistance Promoting local development and improved governance in rural areas through LEADER communityled local development
strategies(throughLAG,FLAG).
SynergieswithotherTOs:
TheproposedprioritiesunderthisTOneedtobesynchronizedwiththemeasuresaddressingresearch,entrepreneurshipandbusinessmodelsunderTO1and3,focusing
on sectors with growth potential (where is the case), the measures for employment and education, under TO 8 and 10 and interventions such as strengthening the
capacityoflocaladministrationunderTO11andegovernmentfinancedunderTO2.
Theinvestmentsinhealthinfrastructure(refurbishment/rehabilitation)willbecorrelatedwiththemeasuresforeseenunderTO4aimingtoimproveenergyefficiencyand
costsreduction.
Investments in smallscale infrastructure (roads, water supply and sewerage infrastructure) in rural areas, funded from EAFRD, (rural development priority 6
correspondingwithTO9)willbestrategicallyconsistentwithandcomplementinvestmentsinroadinfrastructure(underTO7)andwaterinfrastructurefundedbyCF.The
investmentsineducationalinfrastructureinruralareasfundedfromEAFRD(underTO9)willensurethesynergywithESFandERDF(underTO10).
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDFandESF:Improvedhealthandsocialservicesaswellasaccessibilityofpeopletosuchservices,andbetterhealthoutcomes,particularlyinRomania'slessdeveloped
regions;improvedlifestatusandlivingconditions(fromtheeconomic,socialandhealthpointofviewofdeprivedcommunitiesinurbanareas
ESF:Substantialreductionintheincidenceofpoverty,particularlyamongchildren,Romaandotherdisadvantagedgroups;betteroutcomesforformerlyinstitutionalised
peoplemovingintothecommunity;betterjobopportunitiesfordeprived/vulnerablepersons

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eg.socialworkersandfamilydoctorsandnurses,staffworkinginspecializedambulatoryservices/outpatientsettings,emergencycareservices,emergencyhospitalsclinicalguidelinesandprotocolsetcaswellasthestaffmanaging
thepatientregister,electronicinsurancecard,ICT,telemedicineetc

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EAFRD:Increasedshareofruralpopulationbenefittingfromimprovedinfrastructureandaccesstobasicservices,reductioninruralpovertyandcreationofconditionsfor
economicdevelopment.
Thematicobjectiveno.10Investingineducation,trainingandvocationaltrainingforskillsandlifelonglearning
InterventionsfromESIFundsunderthisTOwillcontributeatenhancingthecompetencesandskillsofchildren,youthandadultsinRomania,inordertocontinuously
adapt to the individual interests and potential and to the LM needs. The goals set under this thematic objective aim to prevent and reduce the share of early school
leavers down to 11.3%, to increase tertiary education participation, attainment and completion to 26.7%, and, to promote, diversify and increase the participation of
adultsinLLLupto10%.ThesegoalswereassumedbyRomaniathroughtheNRP.
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Improvingtheaccess,participationandgoodqualityof Increaseparticipation,affordabilityandqualityofearlychildhoodeducationandcare(06yearsold),particularlyinthe
ECEC; agegroup03yearsold,especiallyforgroupsatincreasedriskofESL,focusingonruralareasandRoma;
Strengthening accessibility, quality and learning Implementingpreventive,interventionandcompensationmeasurestoreduceESL,includingindividualisedsupportfor
achievementsincompulsoryeducation; pupils at risk of ESL; integration of equal opportunities and inclusion measures, incorporating wraparound support
Increasingtheattractivenessofprimaryandsecondary (mentoring,financial,etc.)toensureitseffectiveness;
education,includingIVET; Offeringalternativeeducationpathways,suchassecondchanceeducationandtraining,focusingonruralareasand
Intensive interventions to address the educational Roma;supportinginterventionmeasurestoaddressindividualeducationalneedsofgroupsatincreasedriskofESL;
needs of groups at risk of exclusion (children from Improving competences of teaching staff in relation to quality assurance, innovative and personalised teaching
social and economic disadvantaged backgrounds, methods;
Roma,SEN,etc.); BettermatchinginitialandcontinuingVETwithLMneeds,ensuringrelevanceofthetrainingoffer,includingthrough
ImprovingqualityandrelevanceofVET(bothIVETand workbasedlearning,givingprioritytogrowthcompetitivesectorsand/orthetraditionalsectorswithpotentialtogrow,
CVT)andtertiaryeducationtolabourmarketneeds. but also on the regional/ local growth potentials (emphasised under the Regional Development Plans), promoting
Enhancing access to and supporting participation in partnershipsamongrelevantstakeholdersforensuringabettertransitionfromschooltowork;
tertiaryeducation; Enhancing curricula and better integration of ICTs to make learning attractive in schools and IVET, providing
Enhancing access and quality of learning provision for opportunitiesforyoungpeopleenrolledincompulsoryeducationtogetacquaintedwiththefuturejobs;
adults, with focus on relevant basic and transversal Supportingnontraditionalstudentsparticularlythosefromruralareas,Romaandotherdisadvantagedgroups,aswell
skills; asadultspresentlyagedbetween23and27toaccess,participateandsucceedintertiaryeducation;
Fosteringlifelonglearningandvocationaltraining(short Improvegovernanceandmanagementofhighereducationinstitutionstoimprovethequalityofteachingandresearch;
term/initialtraining)intheagriculture,andfoodsector; increasing relevance of higher education programmes for the LM needs and strengtheningthepartnerships between
ExploitingICTineducationasaforceformodernisation. universities,businessandresearch;
Modernising tertiary education through development of postgraduate studies and supporting internationalisation of
highereducation,includingadvancedresearchandmobility;
SupportingmeasurestopromotequalityandaccessibilityofVET,strengtheningthecapacityofIVTandCVTprovidersto
deliverVETprogramscorrelatedwiththeLMdemands;
Encouraging and facilitatingthe participation of employers in workforce development, includingby involving them in
theorganization,implementationandassessmentofpracticalstages/trainingshipsforstudents;
Developing human resources in public and Higher Educationbased R&D institutions; supporting higher level skills
developmentinSMEs;
Development of LLL services, providing training and education in basic and transversal competences including digital
skills,counsellingandvalidationofpriorlearning,focusingonlowskillsandruralareas,includingthroughthevalidation
ofnonformalandinformallearning;

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 Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Supportforinformation,vocationaltraining(shortterm/initialtraining)andskillsacquisitionsforfarmersandforthose
involvedinfoodsector;
Supportfordemonstrationactivitiestotransferknowledgeaboutnewpracticesintheagrifoodsector;
SupportingtheeducationalinfrastructureandresourcesdevelopmentinECEC,primaryandsecondaryeducation,
particularlythosefromdisadvantagedareas;
Supporting the educational infrastructure and resources development of tertiary education, particularly those which
willassureabetterlinkagewithresearchand/orcooperationwiththebusinesssector;
Supporting the educational infrastructure and resources development of IVET, focusing mainly on the growth
competitive sectors and/or the traditional sectors with potential to grow, but also on the regional/ local growth
potentials(emphasisedundertheRegionalDevelopmentPlans).
SynergieswithotherTOs:
ActionsunderthisTOwillcontributetorelatedinterventionsunderotherTOs:
InterventionswithinTertiaryEducationfieldtheinvestmentpriorityorientedtoimprovementofthequality,efficiencyandopennessofthetertiaryeducation,inorder
to increase the participation and attainment levels of tertiary education graduates will be correlated with the interventions aiming at strengthening research,
technologicaldevelopmentandinnovation(TO1);
Interventions under TO2 Enhancing access to, and use and quality of, information and Communication Technologies regarding the developing of ICT products and
services,aseeducation,respectivethespecificobjectiverelatedtothefosteringICTtrainingandcertificationbothintheformaleducationsystemsandcomplementaryto
them.InconvergencewithTO3,TO10willcontributetoovercomesomeoftheidentifiedobstaclesrelatedtothepoorleveloftheSMEscompetitiveness,astheshortage
ofmediumandhighlyskilledlabourforceandweakentrepreneurship,inparticularinruralareas.Thespecificinputoftheobjective10willbetoencourageandincrease
LLL participation, improving labour force skills and competences. Convergence with TO4, 5 and 6 will be correlated with the interventions under TO10, regarding
improving the quality, efficiency and openness of the tertiary education and equivalent education; and encouraging and increasing LLL participation, improving labour
forceskillsandcompetences,andimprovingtherelevanceandqualityofeducationandvocationaltrainingsystemsfortheLM.ConvergencewithTO8:theinterventions
withineducationandtrainingwillbecloselycoordinatedwiththeactivitiespromotingemploymentandsupportinglabourmobility,improvingthematchbetweenskills
supplyandLMdemandsbypromotingequalaccesstogoodqualityeducationforthepupilsandstudents,fosteringcreativity,problemsolvingandentrepreneurialskills
inordertoensuretheacquisitionofthekeycompetenciescrucialfortheiremployability.ConvergencewithTO9:allinterventionsunderTO10willtargeteducationand
training, also for disadvantaged communities and disadvantaged groups of learners (from early education to LLL), and will be closely correlated with the measures
promotingothertypeofsocialinclusionandcombatingpovertysupport,educationandtrainingbeingacknowledgedasoneofthemostpowerfultoolstoescapefromthe
viciouscircleofpovertyandsocialexclusion.ConvergencewithTO11:theinterventionswithinTO11willcontributetoovercomesomeoftheidentifiedobstaclesinthe
managerial and administrative capacity of the MoNE and subordinated structures representatives, targeting in particular the HR with decision authority in education
policymaking,atcentral,countyandlocallevel.
EAFRDthroughruraldevelopmentpriority1willcontributetothisTO.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDF: Improved educational facilities in ECEC and primary and secondary education, particularly those from disadvantaged areas; Improved educational facilities of
tertiaryeducation,particularlythosewhichwillassureabetterlinkagewithresearchand/orcooperationwiththebusinesssector;ImprovededucationalfacilitiesofVET,
focusingmainlyonthegrowthpotentialsectorsunderlinedwithinthenationalcompetitivenessstrategy.

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ESF:Improvededucationalandtrainingoutcomes,includingbettertransitionofyoungpeopleintotheworldofwork;greaterawarenessandparticipationineducationas
routetosocialandeconomicwellbeing,particularlyamongRomania'sdisadvantagedgroupsandareas;reducedriskofdigitalexclusion,particularlyinRomania'sless
developedregionsandruralareas,reducedshortagesofskilledresearchers;improvedstaffretentionintheresearchsector.
ESF:Increasedskilledworkforcebecomingmoreflexibleandabletomeetthechangingneedsofaglobalisedeconomy.
EAFRD:Increasedsharedofskilledfarmersandworkersinfoodprocessing,betterabletomeetthesectorsfuturedevelopmentneeds.
DevelopmentChallenge3Infrastructure
Inordertotacklethischallenge,interventionswillbeconductedunderTO2and7.
Regarding the ICT infrastructure, interventions from ESI Funds will contribute to achieve the objective assumed by Romanian authorities through the National Digital
AgendaforRomania,inlinewithbroadbandtargetsoftheDigitalAgendaforEuropewhichwillensureby2020,accesstospeedsofabove30MbpsforallEuropeans,
andsubscriptionofinternetconnectionabove100Mbpsfor50%ormoreofEuropeanhouseholds.
In the transport sector, intervention from ESI Funds will contribute to promote sustainable, flexible, and safe transport that is an essential premise for economic
developmentofRomania.ImprovingconnectionswithEuropeannetworksandwithnational/regionalnetworkswillleadtohigherproductivityofRomanianindustryand
services,tojobscreation,tohighereconomicgrowth,andbetterstandardsofliving.Intermodalityanddevelopmentofurbantransportandofintegratedurbantransport
systemswillaimtogasemissionsreductionandlowcarboneconomypromotion.Alltheseissueshavetobebasedonmoreefficientspendingoffinancialresources.
Thematicobjectiveno.2Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,informationandcommunicationtechnologies
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Overcoming market failure in the provision of NGA infrastructure and Fastandultrafastbroadbandinfrastructure
related services in line with The Digital Agenda Strategy for Romania and - promotingNGNconnectionsforensuringInternetaccessforhightechICTequipment,as
with The National Plan for the Development of Next Generation Access wellastheuseofthemostsophisticatedonlinepublicservices,inanuniformmannerfrom
Infrastructure. ageographicpointofview
SynergieswithotherTOs:
ThisTOhastobeinsynergywiththeproposedprioritiesunderTO3Enhancingthecompetitivenessofsmallandmediumsizedenterprises,theagriculturalsector(for
EAFRD)andthefisheriesandaquaculturesector(forEMFF),aimingatprovidingadequateinfrastructuretosupporteservices.
Expectedresults:
Withinthisthematicobjective,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDF: ExtensivecoverageofNGN,ofatleast30Mbpsincludinginruralareas;highleveloftakeupofNGAbroadbandservicesbothbybusinessanddomesticcustomers.
Thematicobjectiveno.7Promotingsustainabletransportandremovingbottlenecksinkeynetworkinfrastructures
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
DevelopmentofroadinfrastructureoncoreandcomprehensiveTENTnetwork;
Development of rail infrastructure on core and comprehensive TENT network, including ERTMS
Improving the accessibility of Romania and its regions and their
equipmentandrollingstockacquisition, especiallythroughthecompletiononTENTcorridors;
connectivitywithmarketstherebysignificantlyreducingtheobstaclesto
SupportingsustainabletransportdevelopmentthroughtrafficsafetyandsecurityimprovementonTENT
theirdevelopmentanddiversificationinthecontextoftheGTMP
network,foralltransportmodes;
Improving the sustainability of Romania's transport mix and the
Modernization and development of intermodal transport, having in view fluidization of freight flows
attractivenessalternativestoroadbasedtransport
thattransitRomaniaandreducingcarbonemissionsinurbanareas;
Modernization and development of maritime and waterway infrastructure on the Danube River and

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 navigablecanals,havinginviewthepromotionofanenvironmentalfriendlytransportsystemandthe
potential of inland waterway transport as a blue growth sector. Romania will consider measures to
strengthentheroleofinlandwatertransportwithintheTENTnetwork;
Development of airports where this is justified, for improving connectivity and supporting regional
mobility;
Modernizationofthecustoms,wherejustified,throughimprovementofcustomsinfrastructure,inorder
toremovebottlenecksandtransitwaitingtime;
IncreasingaccessibilityofareaslocatedinproximityofTENTnetwork,throughconstruction,
rehabilitationandmodernizationofsecondaryandtertiaryconnectionstothenetwork,includingby
passes,havinginviewbottlenecksremovingandtrafficfluidization.
SynergieswithotherTOs:
ThisTOhastobeinsynergywiththeproposedprioritiesunderTO4Supportingtheshifttowardsalowcarboneconomyinallsectors,TO5Protectingtheenvironment
and promoting resource efficiency, TO9 Promoting social inclusion and combating poverty (concerning small scale infrastructure financed from EAFRD), and the
ConnectingEuropeFacility.TheConnectingEuropeFacilityisamechanismthatenvisagesinvestmentsaccelerationwithintransEuropeannetworks,aimingatbetter
accessibilityontheEUinternalmarketandeconomicgrowthstimulation.
Expectedresults:
Withinthisthematicobjective,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
CF:Improvedconnectivitywithinternationalmarkets;improvedaccessibilityofRomania'slessdevelopedregions;amoresustainabletransportmixarisingfromimproved
utilisationoftherationalisedrailnetworkandagreatershareoffreightbeingmovedbyrailandwater.
ERDFandCF:Improvedtrafficsafety,particularlyonroadandrail;reducingtraveltime.
ESF:Improvedgovernanceofthetransportsector.

DevelopmentChallenge4Resources
Thematicobjectiveno.4Supportingtheshifttowardsalowcarboneconomyinallsectors
InterventionsfromESIFundswillcontributetoachievetheobjectiveassumedbyRomanianauthoritiesthroughtheNationalReformPlanwhichwillensureby2020,the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least +19% compare to 2005 levels, increase the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption to 24%, and
achievea19%(estimated10Mtoe)increaseinenergyefficiency.
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
PromotingtheproductionanddistributionofenergyfromRES;
Promoting the production and distribution of electricity and thermal energy from renewable energy
Promoting the use of highefficiency cogeneration based on
resources(biomass,geothermal,microhydro);
usefulheatdemand;
Improving energy efficiency in enterprises by high efficiency low power cogeneration systems rated less
Improving energy efficiency by developing smart distribution
than8MW;
systems;
Implementationofsmartenergydistributionlowandmediumvoltagesystems;
Assuringthesustainabilityofmunicipaldistrictheatingsystems
Developingelectricityandthermalenergymonitoringsystemsinindustrialsites,inordertoincreaseenergy
byreducingheatlossesonthenetwork;
efficiency;
Enhancing energy efficiency in the residential and public
buildingstockandthepublicrealm,includinginpubliclighting; Improving energy efficiency of residential stock, and to public buildings (building envelope, heat
Improving the energy efficiency of transport, including urban supply/network,lightning,smartmeteringetc.)tobeprioritisedonthebasisofsystematicappraisaltaking

95
 transportsystemsandthefishingvesselsandprocessingunits; intoaccountthecostefficientreductionofGHGemissionsandsocietalbenefitsincludingaddressingenergy
Reducinggreenhousegasemissionsinagriculturalandforestry poverty, financed, where appropriate, through financial instruments and/or energy performance
sectors; contracting;
Enhancing carbon sequestration particularly in agriculture and PromotinginvestmentsforpublictransportationsystemsforthemainmunicipalitiesfromRomaniawithin
forestry. theframeworkofsustainableurbanmobilityplans,contributingtoairqualityandenergyefficiency;
Replacing/improving lighting systems in the public realm, particularly in urban areas financed, where
appropriate;
Improve the sustainability of municipal district heating systems where these are demonstrably financially
sustainablecorrelatedtotherenovationthermalinsulationofthecorrespondingbuildings;
Facilitatingthesupplyanduseofrenewablesourcesofenergyintheagriculturalandforestrysectors(by
products,wastes,residuesandothernonfoodrawmaterial);
Increasingenergyefficiencybyreductiontheprimaryenergyconsumptioninagriculture,forestryandfood
processing;
Enhancing carbon sequestration through: afforestation, climatefriendly forestry management, agri
environmentalpractices;
Reducinggasemissionsinagriculturethrough:agrienvironmentalpracticesandorganicfarming(bylower
use ofnitrogen fertilisers, climatefriendlycrop rotation,practices, etc.), improved livestock management
andtreatmentofanimalwastes;
Promotinginvestmentinclimatechangemitigation/improvingenergyefficiencyofthefishingvesselsand
processingunits.
SynergieswithotherTOs:
Then priorities need to be synchronized with the financed intervention and with the measures for SMEs under TO3, the measures for environment protection under
objective 6 and measures for promoting sustainable transport under TO7. Also, this TO has to be in synergy with the proposed priorities under Connecting Europe
Facility.TheConnectingEuropeFacilityisamechanismthatenvisagesinvestmentsaccelerationwithintransEuropeannetworks,aimingatbetteraccessibilityonthe
EUinternalmarketandeconomicgrowthstimulation.
Overall,interventionswhichcontributetoincreasedenergyefficiencywillbeencouragedthroughhorizontalcriteriaforassessingESIFunds.
EAFRDthroughruraldevelopmentpriority5,willcontributetothisthematicobjective.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ERDFandEMFF:Reducedgreenhousegasemissionsandincreasedcarbonsequestration;moresustainableurbantransportandconsequentlyreducedpollution;increased
efficiencyofenergyuseintheresidentialsectorandthepublicrealm,industry,agriculture,fisheries;increasedshareofenergyproductionandusefromrenewablesources;
maintenanceofRomania'slowdependencyuponimportedenergy.
CF:Increasedefficiencyofenergyuseinthedistrictheatingsystem
EAFRD: increased use of Romanias underused potential for RES production from biomass & biogas and other renewable sources; increased carbon sequestration &
emissionreductionintheagricultural&forestrysectors.
Thematicobjectiveno.5Promotingclimatechangeadaptation,riskpreventionandmanagement
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Improving Romania's capacity to anticipate, to Structuralandnonstructuralmeasuresinordertoreducerisksanddamagebasedontheriskassessmentandinparticularfrom

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 Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
prevent and to respond to extreme natural and flooding,droughtanderosion(includingcoastalerosion);
manmadeemergencies; Setupandimprovetheriskmonitoringandpreventionsystemsinrelationtoidentifiedrisks;
ImprovingRomania'sadaptationandresilienceto TransnationalcooperationintheframeworkoftheDanubemacroregionalStrategyandpopulationawarenessmeasures
the negative consequences of climate change StrengthentechnicalcapacityofGIES;
and, in particular, the increased incidence of CompletethenationalsystemofriskidentificationandmanagementintheframeworkoftheNationalRiskAssessment;
extremeheat,droughtandfloodingeventsinthe Agriculturalpracticestocombatclimatechangethroughonfarmwaterstoragezones,waterefficientcroppingpatternsand
Framework of the National Climate Change forestprotectionbeltsagainsterosion;
Strategy; Promotingefficiencyinwateruseinagriculturethroughinvestmentinmoreefficientirrigationsystems;
ImprovingRomania'sadaptationandresilienceto Conservationofsoilanditscarbonstockthroughlandmanagementpracticessuchaslowtillage,wintercropsandafforestation;
othernaturalandmanmaderisks; Maintaininggeneticdiversitybysupportinglocalcropvarietiesandlivestockbreedswhichhavepotentialforadaptationto
Adoption of farming practices to improve climatechange.
resiliencetoclimatechance
Increasingefficiencyofwateruseinagriculture.
SynergieswithotherTOs:
TheproposedprioritiesforfundingneedtobesynchronizedwiththefinancedinterventionandwiththemeasuresforICTservicesandinfrastructureunderTO2,withthe
measuresonincreasingtheadministrativecapacityunderTO11andmeasurestopromotethegoodenvironmentalpracticeinbusinessunderTO3andmeasuresfor
agriculture,forestryandfisheries.
EAFRDthroughruraldevelopmentpriority4,willcontributetothisTO
Expectedresults:
Withinthisthematicobjective,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
CF:Improvedanticipationandmanagementofrisks,includingimprovedpublicawarenessandcapacityforselfprotection;improvedcoordinationandspeedofresponse
whenemergenciesdoarise;reducedcoastalerosion.
CFandEAFRD:ReducedexposureoftheRomanianpopulationandterritorytofloodanddroughtrisks;Increasedmeasuresthatcontributestoadaptationtoclimate
changeinagricultureandforestryandareaswhereadaptiontoclimatechangeactionsareapplied
Thematicobjectiveno.6Preservingandprotectingtheenvironmentandpromotingresourceefficiency
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Extend public access to water and wastewater services, The extension and modernization of drinking water networks and waste water sewages and treatment systems,
inthecontextoftheWaterFrameworkDirectiveandits connectionofthepopulationtodrinkingwatersupplyandwastewatersystems(includinginruralareas),monitoringof
RiverBasinManagementPlans; drinkingwaterquality;modernizationoflaboratoriesinordertoimprovingmonitoringsubstancesdischargedintothe
Implement and upgrade infrastructures required to waters,inspecialpriorityhazardoussubstances;;
complywiththeobligationsofthewasteDirectives; Thedevelopmentofwasteinfrastructureandservicesbaseduponthewastehierarchy;new/upgradedinvestmentsto
Protection, conservation, restore and sensitively exploit complywiththelandfilldirective(includingtreatment)increasethewasterecyclingratioaswellaspromotionofamore
Romania'snaturalassets,includinglandscape,farmland, efficientuseofresources;
forests, inland and coastal waters, protected areas, Protection of biodiversity through the development and implementation of management plans and investment in
biodiversity; restorationandconservationactions;
Development and improvement of the air quality Development and improvement of the National Air Quality Assessment in line with the requirements of Directive
assessmentandmonitoring; 2008/50/ECandofINSPIREDirective;
Addressing the legacy ofderelict andpolluted sites and Rehabilitatingofderelictandpollutedsites,includingdecontaminationpreparationfortheireconomicreuse;

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 Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
tomanagecurrentsourcesofpollution; Preserving and enhancing ecosystems dependent on agriculture and forestry through organic farming, environmental
Decreasingabandonmentofagriculturalactivities; andclimateactionsonagriculturalandforestland,includingHighNatureValuefarming;
Developing coordination mechanism among public Implementing measures to tackle the causes of abandonment of agricultural activities through payments granted to
institutionsintheimplementationofIMP. farmers in areas facing natural or other specific constraints (in order to compensate farmers for additional costs and
incomeforegonerelatedtotheconstraintsforagriculturalproductionintheareaconcerned),measuresthatwillalso
contributetosoilpreservation,carbonsequestrationorotherenvironmentalbenefits.;
Restoration and conservation of marine and inland water biodiversity within sustainable fishing and aquaculture,
promote sustainable fishing activities in marine and inland waters; sustainable activities in aquaculture farms; data
collectionandinspectionandcontrolactivities;
Protectingandsustainablevalorisationofnaturalsitesincludingmeasuresforurbanenvironmentthroughrehabilitation
ofunusedand/ordegradedpublicspacesandbuildings;
DevelopingandimplementingofCommonInformationSharingEnvironmentCISEatBlackSeathroughEMFF.
SynergieswithotherTOs:
ActionsunderTO6willcomplementmeasurestopromotethegoodenvironmentalpracticeinbusinessunderTO3,measuresforreductionofthecarbonemissionunder
TO4,andbroadrangeofmeasuresforagriculture,forestryandfisheries.
EAFRDthroughruraldevelopmentpriority4,5willcontributetothisthematicobjective
Expectedresults:
Withinthisdevelopmentchallenge,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
CF:Increasedshareofthepopulationconnectedtothepublicdrinkingwatersupplyandtoseweragesystems;increasedproportionofwastereusedandrecycled.
ERDF,ESF,andEMFF:Reducedlossofbiodiversity.
EAFRD:Increasedshareofagriculturallandmanagedunderenvironmentallysustainablefarmingpracticestomaintainandprotectbiodiversity(includingHNVfarmland
areas),Increasedareaonwhichabandonmentofagriculturalactivitiesisavoided.Increasedefficiencyinwaterusebyagriculture.Increasedsupportforforestlandholders
foreconomicaldisadvantagesfacedbyconservingbiodiversityandprotectingsoilandwaterresourcesontheirland.
EMFF:Reducenegativeimpactsuponthemarineenvironment;fishingeffortreductions,unwantedcatchesanddiscardsreductions,CISE.
ERDF:Reductionintheareaofderelictandpollutedformerindustrialsites,increasedcapacityofairqualityassessment.
Thematicobjectiveno.7Promotingsustainabletransportandremovingbottlenecksinkeynetworkinfrastructures
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Developingsmartelectricitytransmissionsystems,inordertotakeovertheRESenergy;
Improvingenergyefficiencybydevelopingsmarttransmissionsystems;
Developingsmartgastransmissionsystems;
Improving a sustainable urban transport and consequently reduced
Increasing urban mobility and services for passenger through development of urban transport in
pollution.
BucurestiIlfovRegion,withanaccentonthesubwaychain.
SynergieswithotherTOs:
ThisTOhastobeinsynergywiththeproposedprioritiesunderConnectingEuropeFacility.TheConnectingEuropeFacilityisamechanismthatenvisagesinvestments
accelerationwithintransEuropeannetworks,aimingatbetteraccessibilityontheEUinternalmarketandeconomicgrowthstimulation.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:

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ERDF:Improvedenergytransmission.
DevelopmentChallenge5AdministrationandGovernment
Withinthischallenge,coveredforinTO11andTO2,investmentsunderESIFundswillbeusedtoachieveoptimalinstitutionalenvironmentandprovisionofqualitypublic
servicesbytheadministrationandthejudiciary,insupportoftheoveralleffortstoimprovetheeconomicgrowth,competitivenessandqualityoflife.Askeyelements,
wheretheESIFundswillbeinvested,thefollowinghavebeenoutlined:transparencyandintegrity,efficiencyandeffectivenessoftheadministrationandthejudiciary,
and orientation towards the needs of citizens and businesses, including reduction of the administrative burden; egovernment and justice, capacity for development,
coordinationandimplementation,monitoringandevaluationofpoliciesatalllevelsofgovernanceaswellastheprofessionalismandmotivationofhumanresourcesin
theadministrationandthejudicialsystem(institutionalcapacity).
TheinvestmentsunderERDFwillbeusedtosupportthedevelopmentofthenationalcadastreandlandregistrationsystembybroadeningthegeographicalcoverageand
inclusivenessofpropertyrecordsinruralRomaniaandbyimprovingthelandregistrationservices.Thus,willincreasetheefficiencyandtransparencyoflandtransactions,
stimulatethelandconsolidationandbettermanagementofagriculturalland,encouragethelocalandregionalinvestments,andallowtheefficientuseoffunds.
Thematicobjectiveno.11Enhancinginstitutionalcapacityofpublicauthoritiesandstakeholdersandefficientpublicadministration
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
Improving decisionmaking process Supportthedevelopmentandimplementationofsystemsandproceduresforstrategicdocumentsandpolicycoordination,withaparticular
and the efficiency of public focusonstrategiesandnationalpolicies;
expendituresatalllevels Increasingthecapacityoflocaladministrationtoformulateandsupportlocalpublicpolicies;
Reforming the human resources Supportthedevelopmentformonitoringandevaluationmechanismsfortheimplementedstrategiesandpolicies;
managementinpublicinstitutions Developing skills in the areas of strategic planning and budgetary programming, impact assessment and monitoring and evaluation (e.g.
Reducing bureaucracy for businesses Trainingandmethodologies,databasesforindicators);
andcitizens Strengtheningparticipatorydimension,developmentofconsultationandparticipationmechanismsindecisionmaking;
Opening the administration Developing,introducingandsupportingtheuseofmanagement,monitoringandevaluationsystemsandtoolsforanimprovedinstitutional
enhanced transparency, integrity, andpublicservicesperformanceandchangeoforganizationalculture;
accessibility and accountability of Trainingforimprovingskillsinpublicpolicyprocessprovidedbypublicandprivateproviders;
governmentandpublicservices; Createandimplementanintegratedstrategicframeworkforhumanresourcesmanagementinpublicsectorandraisetheprofessionalism
Enhancing capacity at all levels for andattractivenessofthepublicadministration;
increasing quality and accessibility of Supportformeasuringadministrativeburden,transferofknowhowandbestpractices;
public services throughout the Actionstorationalize,increasethequalityofregulationsandtoreducetheburdenofbureaucracyonbusinessesandcitizens;
territoryofRomania Increasecapacityofpublicadministrationtointroduceperformancemanagement,monitoringandevaluationsystemsandmechanismsfor
Enhancingadministrativeandfinancial publicservicesdeliveryincludingforthosesubcontracted;
capacityatnational,regionalandlocal Promotinggoodpracticerelatedtothedeliveryofpublicservicesandencouragingexchangeofexperience/networkingsitebetweenpublic
level to implement actions in pursuit andprivateentitiesprovidingpublicservices,includingstakeholders
ofRomania'sdevelopmentgoals; Strengthentheparticipationmechanismstodeliverefficientpublicservicesatlocallevel(e.g.diversificationofservicedeliverythrough
Developing coordination mechanisms cooperation with nongovernmental bodies, intercommunitary cooperation mechanisms for citizens scrutinizing public service delivery
among public institutions for better performance);
coordination of reform actions both Developing modern management systems and tools for increasing performance in public institutions at all levels (e.g. Develop and
horizontally and vertically, clear implement quality management in public institutions; Fiscal and financial management in view to increase public expenditure efficiency;
definition of public institutions Objectivesandprogramsbasedmanagement;Innovationinpublicadministration);
mandates including coordination Supportforenhancingintegrityandtransparencywithinpublicadministrationthroughriskbasedanalysesandtailormadepreventive
mechanism for implementing programs;

99
 Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding
macroeconomicstrategies(e.g.EUSRD Ensuringaperformingstrategicmanagementofthejudicialsystem;
andIntegratedMaritimePolicy); Further capacity building support to all key justice institutions for a proper implementation of the new Codes and the new legislation,
Strengthening the organisational and includingtheEuropeanacquis,includingprobationservicesandprisonadministration;
administrative capacity of the judicial Continuoustrainingprogrammesinordertoimproveprofessionalandmanagerialskillsofjudicialstaff;
system (Courts, prosecutors offices Supportinnovativemeasuresforfurtherfacilitatingaccesstojusticeandimprovingthequalityofjustice,includingmeasuringofpublictrust
and main central bodies of the (usingvarioustoolssuchasopinionpollsandsurveys,publiccampaignofinformation,butalsothepublicationofjudicialdecisionsandthe
judiciary: Ministry of Justice, High publicaccesstothem);
Court of Cassation and Justice, Public InvestmentsinthephysicalandITinfrastructureofthejusticesysteminordertocomplywiththemainobjectivesoftheStrategyforthe
Ministry, National Anticorruption developmentoftheabovementionedneeds;
Directorate and Directorate for Supporttoimprovethecapacityofanticorruptionadministrativenationalsystemandindependentmonitoringandevaluationmechanisms;
Investigating Organized Crime and Supportforenhancingintegritywithinjudiciarythroughriskbasedanalysesandtailormadepreventiveprograms;
Terrorism)anddevelopingthehuman Strengtheningtheoverallefficiencyofthenationalsystemfortracing,managingandrecoveringassetsoriginatingfromcrime;
resources; DevelopinganduseofITtoolsandapplicationstoenhanceinstitutionalcapacityandefficiencyatalllevelsofpublicadministration.
Improvingaccessandqualityofjustice Developinganationalcadastralsystemtoprovidecertaintyoftitle,promotionoflandreformandeffectivelandconsolidationinsupportof
while ensuring transparency and Romania'sdevelopmentgoals
integrity within judiciary (based
mainly on the implementation of the
NationalAntiCorruptionStrategyand
the complementary measures in this
area);
Improved land registration services
integrationofexistingdataandscaling
up systematic registration in rural
areas
SynergywithotherTOs:
ActionsunderthisTOmaycontribute,ifrelevant,torelatedinterventionsidentifiedunderTO2,aimedataccesstoICT.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIFundsareasfollows:
ESF:Improvedethics,transparencyandintegrityofdecisionmakingandbudgetexpenditures;improvedpublicsatisfactionregardingpublicadministrationandpublic
services; increased quality and accessibility of public services; improved business satisfaction with the proportionality of administrative burden and regulation; an
integratedsystemforhumanresourcesmanagementinplace;Strengthenedorganizationalandadministrativecapacityofthejudiciaryinstitutionsanddevelopedhuman
resources,morerapidresolutionofcivilandcriminalproceedings.
ERDF:Reducedobstructiontodevelopmentandconsolidationofagriculturalholdingsarisingfromlandownershipdisputes.
Thematicobjectiveno.2Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,informationandcommunicationtechnologies
Developmentneeds ProposedPrioritiesforFunding

Developing,introducingandsupportingtheuse ImplementationofOpenDataatthelevelofallpublicinstitutionsinordertoimprovingonlinecollaborativeandelectronicsystems;
ofICTtoolsandopendataconcept. Increasingtheuseofegovernmenttools(includingtrainingforcivilservants).

100
SynergywithotherTOs
ActionsunderthisTOmaycontribute,ifrelevant,torelatedinterventionsidentifiedunderTO11,aimedatimprovingpublicadministration.
Expectedresults:
WithinthisTO,theresultsexpectedtobeachievedthroughtheESIfundsareasfollows:
ERDF:ImprovedefficiencyofpublicadministrationarisingfromenhanceduseofICTsandegovernment;improvedpublicsatisfactionwithpublicadministrationandpublic
services.

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1.4THEINDICATIVEALLOCATIONOFSUPPORTBYTHEUNIONBYTHEMATICOBJECTIVEATNATIONAL
LEVELFOREACHOFTHEESIFUNDS,ASWELLASTHETOTALINDICATIVEAMOUNTOFSUPPORT
FORESEENFORCLIMATECHANGEOBJECTIVES
TableNo.1.4.1.IndicativeallocationofsupportbytheUnionbythematicobjectiveatnationallevelforeachoftheESIFunds
(EUR)(totalUnionsupport,includingtheperformancereserve)
Thematicobjective ERDF ESF CF EAFRD EMFF* Total
1.Strengtheningresearch,
61,023,030
technologicaldevelopmentand 787,234,043 0,00 0,00 858,895,370

innovation
2.Enhancingaccessto,anduse
531,914,894 0,00 0,00 0,00 531,914,894
andqualityof,ICT
3.Enhancingcompetitivenessof
theSMEs,aswellasagriculture
2,282,793,967 3,027,474,818
sector(forEAFRD)andfisheries 744,680,851 0,00 0,00

andaquaculturesector(for
EMFF)
4.Supportingtheshifttowardsa
3,301.255,319 486,179,372 3,817,221,925
lowcarboneconomyinall 0,00
159,574,468
sectors
5.Promotingclimatechange
1,115,224,800 1,593,948,204
adaptation,riskpreventionand 0,00 0,00 478,723,404

management
6.Preservingandprotectingthe
environmentandpromoting 495,553,191 1,541,422,695 4,632,611,161
0,00
resource 2,573,294,894
efficiency
7.Promotingsustainable
transportandremoving 3,393,101,976
0,00 3,723,404,255 0,00 7,089,910,486
bottlenecksinkeynetwork
infrastructures;
8.Promotingsustainableand
qualityemploymentand 1,347,164,528 1,877,085,895
0,00 0,00 529,921,367
supportinglabour
mobility
9.Promotingsocialinclusion
521,276,596
andcombatingpovertyandany 1,133,855,426 0,00 1,802,959,822 3,468,730,141

discrimination
10.Investingineducation,
361,702,128 1,257,101,071 1,647,211,767
training,andvocationaltraining 0,00 17,770,270

forskillsandlifelonglearning
11.Enhancinginstitutional
capacityofpublicauthorities 265,957,447 714,957,447 1,034,106,383
0,00 0,00
andstakeholdersandan
efficientpublicadministration.

323,404,255
12.Technicalassistance 320,957,447 0,00 178,368,079 871,665,951



Total 10,726,080,699 4,774,035,918** 6,934,996,977 8,015,663,402 30,450,776,996

*Notfiledinsincenospecificregulationisinforceandnocountryallocation
**TheESFtotalamountof4,774,035,918includestheESFmatchingfundingforYEI
Table:1.4.2.YouthemploymentinitiativeforthematicobjectiveNo.8Promotingsustainableemploymentandsupporting
labourmobility
YEIspecificallocation 105,994,315
(EUR)
ESFmatchingfunding 105,994,315(EUR)

Table:1.4.3.AllocationtoTechnicalassistance,bycategoryofregions,whereapplicable
Shareoftechnicalassistanceoftotal
Allocationtotechnical
Fund Categoryofregionstowhichapplicable allocation(byFundandcategoryof
assistance(EUR)
regionwhereapplicable)
ERDF Lessdevelopedregions 261,699,494 2.44%
Transitionregions
Moredevelopedregions 61,704,762 0.58%

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ESF Lessdevelopedregions 318,085,106 6.81%
Transitionregions
Moredevelopedregions 2,872,340 0.06%
CF NA
EAFRD NA 178,368,079 2.23%
EMFF* NA
*Notfiledinsincenospecificregulationisinforceandnocountryallocation.ThistablewillberevisedafterreceivingthecommonmethodologyfromEC.

Table:1.4.4.TheshareofESFofStructuralFunds(ERDFandESF)
ShareofESFintheStructuralFunds(ESFandERDF)resourcesfortheoperationalprogrammes
fortheconvergence,regionalcompetitivenessandemploymentobjectivesinthe20072013 29.1%
programmingperiod
ESFminimumshareintheMemberState 30.8%
TheshareoftheESFintheStructuralfundsresourcesinthe20142020programmingperiod 30.8%

TableNo.1.4.5.:IndicativeamountofEUsupportforclimatechangeobjectives(EUR)(TotalUnionsupport,includingthe
performancereserve)
Thematicobjectives ERDF ESF CF EAFRD EMFF Total
1.Strengtheningresearch,technologicaldevelopmentand
innovation
2.Enhancingaccessto,anduseandqualityof,ICT
3.EnhancingcompetitivenessoftheSMEs,aswellasagriculture
sector(forEAFRD)andfisheriesandaquaculturesector(forEMFF)
4.Supportingtheshifttowardsalowcarboneconomyinallsectors
5.Promotingclimatechangeadaptation,riskpreventionand
management
6.Preservingandprotectingtheenvironmentandpromoting
resourceefficiency
7.Promotingsustainabletransportandremovingbottlenecksinkey
networkinfrastructures;
8.Promotingsustainableandqualityemploymentandsupporting
labour
mobility
9.Promotingsocialinclusionandcombatingpovertyandany
discrimination
10.Investingineducation,training,andvocationaltrainingforskills
andlifelonglearning
11.Enhancinginstitutionalcapacityofpublicauthoritiesand
stakeholdersandanefficientpublicadministration.
12.Technicalassistance
Total
Thissectionwillbefiledinlateron,basedonthefiguresrevealedbytheoperationalprogrammes.

1.5THEAPPLICATIONOFHORIZONTALPRINCIPLESANDPOLICYOBJECTIVESFORTHE
IMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEESIFUNDS
1.5.1ARRANGEMENTSFORTHEPARTNERSHIPPRINCIPLE
ThepartnershipprinciplerepresentsakeyaspectintheprogrammingandmanagementoftheESIFundsfor2014
2020. It is a prerequisite for developing realistic economic, social and territorial policies, directed towards
sustainable,smartandinclusivegrowth.
The importance of partnership comes both from the need to ensure transparency of the programming and
implementationprocess,aswellastoprovideasenseofownershipatthelevelofallactorsinvolved.Tothisaim,
Romania will encourage collaboration of policymakers, experts and partners (the organisational types prescribed
byArticle5ofCPR),aswellasintegratedactionsattherelevantsectororterritoriallevel,inordertoimprovethe
effectivenessofpolicyimplementation.

103
With regard to the preparation and implementation of PA and programmes the partners will be involved in line
withtheprinciplessetinEuropeanCodeofConductonpartnershipintheframeworkoftheESIFunds.
Partnershipinthepreparationoftheprogrammingdocumentsfor20142020
TheMemorandumapprovedbytheGovernmenton13July2012establishedthepartnershipframeworkinorder
to drawup 20142020 programming documents (Figure 1 Partnership framework diagram for programing). The
coordinationisensuredbytheMEFwhichalsoensuresthepresidencyoftheInterinstitutionalCommitteeforthe
PA (CIAP). CIAP`s secretariat is provided by the MEF through the Directorate General for Analysis, Programming
and Evaluation. Both, the under debated documents and the unique contact address (secretariat.ciap@fonduri
ue.ro),arepublishedinadedicatedsectionontheMEFofficialwebsite.
CIAP has 64 members, out of which 70% are representatives in decisionmaking of central and local public
institutionsand30%arerepresentativesofeconomicandsocialenvironment,tradeunions,academicinstitutions,
nongovernmentalorganisationsandotherrepresentativesofthecivilsociety.
UnderCIAPweresubsequentlyorganized12ConsultativeCommittees(10sectoraland2regional/territorial)inthe
following thematic areas: transport; environment and climate changes; competitiveness and energy efficiency;
communicationsandinformationtechnology;educationandtraining;employmentandsocialinclusion;healthand
socialservices;tourism,cultureandculturalheritage;ruraldevelopment,agricultureandfisheries;administration
andgoodgovernanceandregionaldevelopmentandterritorialcohesion.
ThemembershipofthesecommitteesfollowsthesameprincipleasCIAP30%representationofpartners(AnnexII
Listofsocialpartnersinvolvedinprogrammingprocess).
Fortheselectionofthesocialpartnersinvolvedintheworkinggroupsandthematiccommittees,thelineministries
responsiblewiththeircoordination,publishedontheirofficialsitestheselectioncriteria(experienceonthefield,
representativeness in relation to other similar organizations etc.) for the partners that submitted a letter of
intension.TheselectionofpartnersforCIAPwasbasedontheselectedpartnersfortheConsultativeCommittees
and following additional criteria (active involvement in the Consultative Committee`s activity, experience from
20072013programmingperiodetc.)
TheConsultativeCommitteesdebateandconfirmthedocumentsdraftedintoseveralworkinggroupsonspecific
issuesandproposetheagreedelementstoCIAP.
Withintheframeworkoftheconsultativecommitteessectoralprioritiesweredebatedandfollowingthemembers
input, the analysis and recommendations were enhanced. The main recommendations stemming from the
consultationprocessreflectedtheneedforsimplifiedproceduresandprogrammes.
Theprogrammingdocuments,includingtheproposalsformulatedbyeachConsultativeCommitteeare discussed
withintheCIAP,which,finally,validatesthese.Inthisway,thepartnershipaimstoprovide:
thepartnersagreementonthedefinedthemaindevelopmentneeds,fundingprioritiesaswellasonthe
outputindicatorsandtheimplementingarrangements;
complementarityoftheinterventionsfinancedbydifferentpublicsources;
participationandresponsibleinvolvementofthepartnersintheplanningprocessandencouragementof
theirownershipoftheinterventionsprioritised;
transparencyoftheoverallprocess;
fulluseoftheknowhowandspecializedexpertiseoftheallactorsinvolved.
In order to ensure a wider consultation framework on the programming documents, under the coordination of
MEF,atnationalandregionallevelwereorganizedseveralfocusgroups.Themeetingswereattendedespecially
bytherepresentativesofthecivilsociety,academicandculturalenvironment,etc.
Moreover,MEForganizedbilateralmeetingswithallentitiesthatwereinterestedinprogrammingstages,suchas:
National Chamber of Commerce of Romania,American Chamber of Commerce in Romania, UNICEF, Hopes and
HomesforChildren(HHC),InstituteforPublicPolicy(IPP),WorldWideFundforNature(WWF),NGOsworkingin
thefieldofinclusion,andsocialprotectionofRomaandNGOsactivatinginthefieldofenvironmentprotection.
Followingthepublicconsultationontheprogrammingdocuments(invariousstagesofdevelopment),allinterested
partiessubmittedcommentstotheCIAPsecretariatthroughtheuniquecontactaddress.Allthesecommentsand
otherobservations,proposalswereregistratedandafteraninternalanalyse,wereintegratedintherevisedversion
ofPA.MostcommentswereonPeopleandsociety,ResourcesandAdministrationandgovernmentchallenges.
Partnershipinimplementation
In order to ensure the relevance of actions supported and the effective delivery of ESI Funds, the partnership
framework will operate beyond the programming phase, and will be extended to the management,

104
implementation,monitoringandcontrol.Institutionalcoordinationfor20142020involvesthreelevels(seechap.
2.1)inwhicheconomicandsocialpartnerswillrepresent40%,theremaining60%beingrepresentedbythecentral
andlocalpublicauthorities.Partnersselectionwillbemadeinatransparentway,includingtheirexperienceofthe
20072013programmingperiodandtheirinvolvementin20142020programmingprocess.
Inaccordancewiththerequirementlaiddowninarticle5intheCPR,thepartnerswillplayanimportantrolein(i)
preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of operational programs, including participation in the
monitoring committees of the programs), and (ii) preparing the progress reports on the implementation of the
PAPAin2017and2019.
Duringtheimplementation,thepartnershipprinciplewillcontinuetobeappliedwhensettingupthemembership
of the PA coordination mechanism, the Steering Committee (SCPA) and Thematic steering subcommittees (see
chapter 2.1) ensuring the presence of institutions and organizations prior involved in programming process
(membersofCIAPandthematiccommittees).SCPA`ssecretariatwillbealsoensuredbytheMEF.
MFE as coordinator of ESI Funds management will ensure that the partnership principle is respected by all
authoritiesinvolvedandatalllevelofgovernance.
The MAs will engage the partners in monitoring, assessment of performance, evaluation and preparation of the
annualimplementationreportsoftheprogramsundertheresponsibilityofthemonitoringcommitteesand,where
appropriate,throughspecificworkinggroupsestablishedbythemonitoringcommitteesforthispurpose.
The Monitoring Committees proved poorly effective during the 20072013 period, with poor expertise and
ownership of the members. Subsequently, the committees failed to be the place for constructive dialogue
supportingthedecisionmakingprocess.Theunevencompositionofthecommitteesoverwhelminglycomposedof
publicofficials,largelyexplainsuchsituation.
Itisthereforeenvisagetoreviewthecompositionofthecommittees,withmorebalancedparticipationofexternal
stakeholders,representing,inatailoredmanner,themostrelevantpartnersthatcanaffect/orbeaffectedbythe
program implementation, including at least regional, local and other public authorities, economic and social
partners, nongovernmental organizations, bodies representing environmental partners and socioeconomic
partnersconcernedbytheprogrammes..Therepresentationofthesocialeconomicpartnerscouldreacharateup
to40%ofthetotalmembers(e.g.HumanCapitalOperationalProgramme)bytakingintoaccountthestructureof
the relevant beneficiaries categories. When selecting the members the MAs will take into account as far as
possibletherelevantpartnersthathavebeeninvolvedinthepreparationoftheprograms.
Thecommitteememberswillalsobeassociatedpermanentlybythemanagingauthorities,acrossthelifecycleof
the programmes and besides the formal meetings of the committees, on all relevant implementation and
managementissues.
As mentioned in article 5.3 (d) of the CPR, the MAs will consult, where appropriate, the relevant partners in
preparationofthecallsforproposals,basedonproceduressetinadvance,aparticularattentionwillbegivento
thepossibleconflictofinterest.
Concerningthepartnersinvolvementinthepreparationofprogressreportsin2017and2019,thiswillbemainly
realizedthroughthemonitoringcommitteesandthecoordinationmechanismsetatthelevelofthePA.
A major aspect when considering the partnership in different stages of preparation and implementation is the
capacitybuildingofpartners.
The technical assistance funds will be used to ensure that the partners received the necessary training to
participateinpreparation,implementation,monitoringandevaluationoftheprograms.Thesupportwilltakethe
formofdedicatedworkshops,trainingsessions,preparationandsupportofnetworkingplatforms.

105

Figure1Partnershipframeworkdiagramforprograming Programmingdocuments20142020
PA&OPs
(strategicobjectives,outputindicators,financialneeds,
implementationarrangements)

InterinstitutionalCommitteeforthePartnershipAgreement (CIAP)

Proposedsectoral

investment National
priorities Strategy for
(developmentneeds, Regional
outputindicators, Development
financialneeds, (regionalspecific
implementation objectives,output
arrangements) indicators,financial
needs,
implementation

TCC

(sectoral)
. TCC
(sectoral)
arrangements)

Nationalauthorities,
NGOs,socioeconomic
CCTC CCRD
partners
WGspecific WG WG
area specific specific
area area

Proposalsfor

integrated ...
territorial RCfor RCfor
Legend: approach RDP RDP
PAPartnershipAgreement
OPOperationalProgramme RWGthematic RWGthematic
TCCThematicConsultativeCommittee
area area
CCTCConsultativeCommitteeforTerritorialCohesion
CCRDConsultativeCommitteeforRegionalDevelopment Localpublicauthorities,RDAs,
RCRegionalCommittee
RDPRegionalDevelopmentPlan
regionalbodies,NGOs,socio
RWGRegionalWorkingGroup economicpartners
WGWorkingGroup

106
1.5.2PROMOTIONOFEQUALITYBETWEENMENANDWOMEN,NONDISCRIMINATIONAND
ACCESSIBILITY(WITHREFERENCETOARTICLE7OFCPR)
Thepromotionofequalitybetweenmenandwomen,nondiscriminationandaccessibilityarecrosscuttingthemes
thatcontributetotheachievementoftheEurope2020Strategy.
Inviewofthat,theapproachinmeetingtherequiredprinciplesduringtheimplementationofESIfundsinRomania
is twofold: (i) mainstreaming the horizontal themes across the preparation and implementation of programmes,
including in relation to monitoring, reporting and evaluation; (ii) design and implementing targeted actions
specificallydesignedtopromoteequalitybetweenmenandwomen,preventthediscriminationbasedonracialor
ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation by paying particular attention to those facing
multiplediscrimination.
The mainstreaming approach involves the translation and systematic integration of horizontal principles in each
stageoftheoperationalprogrammeslifecycle,atalllevelsofgovernance,andacrossallactorsinvolved,aswellas
theirassimilationforalltheprogrammesobjectivesandthroughallthelevelsuptotheindividualprojects.
Toachievethis,animportantpreconditionisthedevelopmentofcommonunderstandingandrecognitionasregard
the promotion of equality between men and women, nondiscrimination and accessibility. In this respect,
arrangementsfortrainingforstaffoftheauthoritiesinvolvedinthemanagementandcontroloftheESIFundsinthe
applicable Unionand national law in policyareaare carriedonas partof the process to fulfilofthe general exante
conditionalities.
The specific actions are important in complementing the mainstreaming by directing objectives and resources to
addresstheareaswhereisexperiencedtheinequalityandexclusion.
Aseriesofparticularissuesisconsideredforapracticalintegrationofhorizontalthemesrelatedtoequalitybetween
menandwomen,nondiscriminationandaccessibilityatdifferentstagesoftheprogrammecycle:
Programmeplanningandimplementation:
in all the programmes development will be considered and introduced equality horizontal principles.
Particularly, those programmes addressing employment opportunities, education, training, business
support, health, social integration will comprise specific actions targeting the equality between men and
women, the nondiscrimination and accessibility. In this respect, one of the elements that is going to be
reviewed by the exante evaluation of the operational programmes is the "the adequacy of planned
measures to promote equal opportunities between men and women, to prevent discrimination and to
promote sustainable development". As it is carried out in interaction with the establishment of the
programme, the exevaluation will support the identification of those interventions that are intended to
haveacontributiontothepromotionofequalityandnondiscrimination;
in the preparation of programmes of particular importance will be the active engagement of national
bodiesresponsibleforthepromotionofequaltreatmentandorganisationsrepresentingtheinterestsof
equalitygroups.Inthisrespect,thepublicconsultationswilloffertovariousstakeholderstheopportunity
toengageindevelopingthecontentoftheprogramme;
thedisseminationofinformationandpublicitywillbeessentialactivitiestopromotetheequalityprinciples.
The actions to support accessibility for a range of groups include promotion of information on websites,
printed materials, and through meetings, national, regional or local organisations and networks, with
particular attention to the rural area and marginalised communities. The access to information may
preventtheunfairdisadvantageorexclusionfrombenefitingofESIFundsopportunities;
inordertoextenttheintegrationofequalityprinciplesfromtheprogrammetotheprojectlevel,theMAs
willprovideguidanceonhowtotakeintoaccounttheequalityprinciplesindesigningtheproject,andon
how to set equality objectives and to measure them. In the selection process, a screening stage will be
undertaken in order to avoid funding and implementation of any project with adverse or negative
consequencesforequalitybetweenmenandwomen,nondiscriminationandaccessibility;
the selection of projects comprising specific actions, which have as a principal objective the promotion of
equalityobjectiveswillbebasedonpredefinedcriteria,especiallyforthosefundedbyESF;
the process of mainstreaming of equality principles will be supported during the programmes
implementation by an Operational Working Group ensuring that the themes are integrated at different
stages(seechapter2.1).Thegroupwillactasaforumforexchangeofinformationandbestpracticesinthe
field.
Monitoringandevaluationofprogrammes:
107
 theprogrammeswillfollowtheimplementationofactionsandwillassesstheprogressovertimeinrelation
to the translation of horizontal themes under the general monitoring and evaluation system, developing
specific programme indicators for measuring the progress against equality objectives where appropriate.
Whenever the nature of the assistance has an impact on the given horizontal themes data on individual
participants, including a breakdown by gender, will be collected, recorded and stored in systems for the
electronicdataexchange(seechapter4).Theinformationabouttheparticipantswillbemanagedindue
compliancewiththenationalrulesonprotectionofpersonaldata;
thenationalauthoritiesparticipatingintheThematicsteeringsubcommitteesandMonitoringCommittees
of the operational programmes will oversee the horizontal themes integration and will monitor their
integration during the programme implementation. The arrangements for the setting up of these
structureswillcomprisealsoinvolvementofbodiesresponsibleforthepromotionofequaltreatment(see
chapter2.1);
the specific actions undertaken to promote equality principles will be reported in the programme
implementationreportsaccordingtoart.111(4)(e);
as respect to evaluation, two approaches will be followed: (i) conducting separate evaluations of the
equality consideration in all programmes or different priority axis, and (ii) through the integration of the
equalitydimensionintheprogrammespecificevaluations.
Accordingtoarticle96ofCPRalltheOperationalProgrammes,excepttheTechnicalAssistanceone,willincludea
description of the specific actions undertaken during the preparation, design and implementation of the
programmeandinparticularinrelationtoaccesstofunding,takingaccountthepromotionofequalityandnon
discrimination,inparticulartherequirementstoensureaccessibilityforpersonswithdisabilities.
1.5.3 SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT(WITHREFERENCETOARTICLE8OFCPR)
The commitment to preserve and protect the environment from potential harmful effects of interventions and
ensureresultsinnetsocial,environmentalandclimatebenefitswillbefurtheremphasisedandbetterintegrated
over the course of the 20142020 programing period through (i) vertical measures by setting out investment
priorities under TO 4, 5, 6 and 7, and integrating activities dedicated to environmental protection, resource
efficiency, climate change mitigation and adaptation, biodiversity, disaster resilience, and risk prevention and
management into other thematic objectives and (ii) horizontal measures by application of the principle of
sustainabledevelopmentinaccordancewithArticle8ofCPR.
The mainstreaming of sustainable development into ESI Funds involves that the principle being recognised and
taken into consideration in all aspects and phase of the operational programmes lifecycle. In this respect, the
processofpreparationandimplementationofthePAandOPsinclude:
the exante evaluation of each programme will assess the adequacy of planned measures to promote
sustainabledevelopment,inparticular,theStrategicEnvironmentalAssessment(SEA)aspartwillassessthe
likelyeffectsofprogrammespriortotheirapproval;
theMAswilluseaseriesoftoolssothattoensureaportfolioofprojectsinlinewithsustainabilityprinciple.
Thesewillbeintroducedfordirectingtheinvestmentstowardsthemostresourcesefficientandsustainable
options; avoiding investments that may have a significant negative environment or climate impact, and
supportingactionsto mitigateanyremainingimpacts;promoteaproactiveapproachtoriskmanagement;
increaseuseofgreenprocurements(inadditiontothecaseswherethelegislationimposes,e.g.Government
Ordinance40/2011Promotionofnonpollutingandenergyefficienttransportvehicles);
intheselectionprocess,allprojectswillbeassessedfromanenvironmentalperspectivetodetermineifthe
impact of the operation is limited or insignificant. For the operations where the environmental impact is
expected to be significant it will be performed the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). For the major
investmentprojectsaCBAandriskassessmentwillbeperformed;
byapplyingminimumrequirementstheprojectproposalswillbeexpectedtoaddresstheuseofenergyand
otherrawmaterialsmoreefficiently,andtoswitchfromnonrenewabletorenewablesources,toimplement
cost savings recommendations through waste minimisation and water management, notable for support
economicandconstructionoperations;
theMAswillensureawarenessraisingandprovidesupporttobeneficiariestodealwiththeenvironmental
issuesinallphasesoftheirprojects.Thesustainabledevelopmentprinciplewillbeintegratedinthetraining
programmesforthebeneficiaries,includinginrelationtothegreenprocurement.
In Romania, the polluter pays principle is set out in the Law on environmental protection (Law nr.256/2006
approving the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2005) and Water Act no. 107/1996, as subsequently
108
amendedandsupplemented,asectionofthisActisdedicatedtoprotectionofsoilandsubsoil.Thelawprovides
the obligation of landowners and operators to maintain a clean environment and requires payment for any
environmentaldamagethroughpollution.
In the table below are presented a series of measures envisaged in application of sustainable development
principle.Theinformationnotexclusiveandaccordingtoarticle96ofCPRalltheOperationalProgrammes,except
theTechnicalAssistanceonewillincludeadescriptionofthespecificactionstotakeintoaccountenvironmental
protectionrequirements,resourceefficiency,climatechangemitigationandadaptation,disasterresilienceandrisk
preventionandmanagement,intheselectionofoperations.

109
1.5.3 SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT(WITHREFERENCETOARTICLE8OFCPR)
SDprinciple TO/actions Measuresenvisaged
the fees for services (tariffs) will be fixed in compliance with
thepolluterpaysandthefullcostrecoveryprinciplestakinginto
TO6environmentalprotectionandresourceefficiency:
accountaffordabilitylimitation
Polluter investmentsinthewatersector:extensionandmodernisationofdrinkingwaternetworksand
the principle will be used operationalised in the CostBenefit
pays wastewatersewagesandtreatmentsystems;
Analysis and taken into account when determining the funding
principle investmentinthewastesector:developmentofwasteinfrastructure;
gapforwaterandwasteprojects;
rehabilitationofpollutedsites
the support to rehabilitation of polluted sites will limited to
orphanedandabandonedsites;
TO01researchandinnovation
creation/developingofresearch/innovationinfrastructure
TO3competitivenessforSMEs
construction/modernizationandexpansionoftheareaforproduction/serviceofSMEs;
actions to improve the productivity of SMEs: support for acquisition of equipment, machines,
installations
EARDF
investmentsinfarmwastestorage theprojectproposalmustcontainrecommendationsconcerning
TO6environmentalprotectionandresourceefficiency constructionwastereductionorreuse;
investments in the water sector: extension and modernisation of drinking water networks and consideredascriteriaforselectionwhenevaluatingprojectsof
Reduction wastewatersewagesandtreatmentsystems; economic operators: assessment of the extent to which the
ofwaste investmentinthewastesector:developmentofwasteinfrastructure; projectaddresstheminimisation/recyclingofwaste,promotion
generation TO7sustainabletransport ofefficientuseofnaturalresources,wastehierarchy,promotion
developmentofroad/railinfrastructure; ofwasteusageandsecondrawmaterials/byproducts
modernisationanddevelopmentofmaritimeandwaterwayinfrastructure; promoting support to innovation focusing on clean
developmentofairports technologiesorenvironmentalprotection.
TO9socialinclusionandpovertyreduction(ERDF)
developmentofsocialinfrastructure;
investmentsinsmallscaleinfrastructure(e.g.localroads)
TO10education,skillsandlifelonglearning(ERDF):supportingeducationalinfrastructure
EARDF
investmentsinsmallscaleinfrastructure(e.g.wastewaterfacilities)

TO6environmentalprotectionandresourceefficiency ensuringcompliancewithenvironmentallegislation;
investments in the water sector: extension and modernisation of drinking water networks and takenintoaccountthedesignofurbanprojects;
wastewatersewagesandtreatmentsystems; use conclusions of the Environmental Impact Assessment to
Airquality investmentinthewastesector:developmentofwasteinfrastructure; show what the project impact is and what needs to be done to
TO7sustainabletransport minimisetheimpact.
developmentofroad/railinfrastructure;
modernisationanddevelopmentofmaritimeandwaterwayinfrastructure
110
 EARDF eligibility criteria to ensure compliance with minimum
investments in farm waste storage/ management facilities Investments in afforestation on environmentalstandards
agriculturalandnonagriculturalland
assessment of the extent to which the energyefficiency
measures been planned: insulation, lighting, natural ventilation,
TO3competitivenessforSMEs:
efficient equipment, efficient cooling/heating, use of renewable
actions to improve the productivity of SMEs: support for acquisition of equipment, machines,
technologies for heat or power, where appropriate to local
installations
conditions;
TO9socialinclusionandpovertyreduction(ERDF)
compliancewithnormsforthethermicinsulationofbuildings;
developmentofsocialinfrastructure;
promoting/ raise awareness for the implementation green
investmentsinsmallscaleinfrastructure(e.g.localroads);
procurement;encouragingemasregistration/ecolabelling;
TO10education,skillsandlifelonglearning(ERDF)
consideredascriteriaforselectionwhenevaluatingprojects:
Ressource supportingeducationalinfrastructure
reduction of energy/ water consumption, reduction GHG
efficiency TO1researchandinnovation
emissions;
actionsfinancedforRDIinSMEs
promoting support to innovation focusing on energy saving
EARDF
technologies/reduceenergyconsumptions;
investmentinmoreenergyefficientfarmbuildingsandcropstoragefacilities
promotingofthelifecycleofresourceefficiencyapproach;
investments for increasing the efficiency of water and energy consumption in the processing and
InaccordancewithArt.46:a)allinvestmentsinirrigationmustbe
marketingofagriculturalproducts
in line with the river basin management plan (as prepared
investmentsinequipmentandfarminfrastructurethatwillpromotemoreefficientirrigationonfarms
accordingtoDirective2000/60/EC);b)watermeteringmustbein
.
place or included as part of the investment, and; c) estimated
minimumwatersavingsfromtheinvestmentmustbe525%.
TO6environmentalprotectionandresourceefficiency
investments in the water sector: extension and modernisation of drinking water networks and
wastewatersewagesandtreatmentsystems;
ensuring compliance with technical norms applicable to
Disaster investmentinthewastesector:developmentofwasteinfrastructure;
constructionworks;
resilience TO7sustainabletransport
developmentofdisasterproofinginfrastructure
developmentofroad/railinfrastructure;
modernisationanddevelopmentofmaritimeandwaterwayinfrastructure;
developmentofairports
TO6environmentalprotectionandresourceefficiency ensuring compliance with the EU and national legislation for
investments in the water sector: extension and modernisation of drinking water networks and protectedareas;
wastewatersewagesandtreatmentsystems; use conclusions of the Environmental Impact Assessment to
Biodiversity investmentinthewastesector:developmentofwasteinfrastructure; show what the project impact is and what needs to be done to
and rehabilitationofpollutedsites minimisetheimpact;
ecosystem TO7sustainabletransport:
protection developmentofroad/railinfrastructure;
modernisationanddevelopmentofmaritimeandwaterwayinfrastructure. eligibility criteria to ensure compliance with minimum
EARDF environmentalstandards
investmentinafforestationonagriculturalandnonagriculturalland

111
 compensatory payments for the maintenance of traditional farming practices and associated
biodiversityalsoonforestryland.
compensatorypaymentsforconversiontoand/ormaintenanceoforganicfarmingmethodsfor
arableandperennialcropproduction
payments for farmers in mountain areas to compensate for the natural constraints upon their
production,

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1.5.4HORIZONTALPOLICYOBJECTIVES
AccessibilityoftheachievementsofESIFunds
All products, goods, services and infrastructures that are cofinanced by the ESI Funds will be accessible to all
citizens, including those with disabilities. In particular, accessibility to the physical environment, transport,
information and communication technologies in order to achieve inclusion for disadvantaged groups, including
persons with disabilities has to be ensured. Managing authorities will undertake actions throughout the
programmelifecycletoidentifyandremoveexistingaccessibilitybarriersorpreventnewones.
Addressingdemographicchange
The challenges resulting from demographic change will be taken into account in all phases of ESI Funds
implementation.
ThecurrentPAenhancesjobopportunitiesfortheelderlyandyoungpeopleandincludesinvestmentsinleaving
standards,includinghealthinfrastructures,drinkingwater,wasteetc.Inaddition,itcreatesfacilitiesfamilyfriendly
aspects by supporting child raising (investments in nurseries) and support vulnerable groups to integrate in the
labourmarket.
Climatechangemitigationandadaptation
ClimatechangemitigationandadaptationisnowapriorityfortheCohesionPolicyimplementationinRomaniaand
the aspects related to the climate changes are integrated in the preparation of the PA and will be followed up
duringallphases,programming,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofallfunds.
Thevisibilityofcontributionstowardsthegoalofaspendingofatleast20%oftheallocationonclimatechange
mitigationisensured.Anadequateshareoffundsisinfactcommittedtomeasureswhichenvisageclimatechange
mitigation and adaptation, for example promoting energy efficiency, renewable energy, clean transport, risk
management,enhancingthecompetitivenessofsmallandmediumsizedenterprisesetc.
Also,operationalprogrammesfinancedintheperiod20142020willtakeintoaccountinterventionstoensurethat
investmentsinallthesectorstakeclimatechangeintoconsiderationinmoredirect,explicitandintegratedways,
thusensuringthatESIFundsarespentonclimatechangeresilientprojects.
1.6THELISTOFTHEPROGRAMMESUNDERTHEERDF,THEESF,THECOHESIONFUND,EXCEPTTHOSE
UNDERTHEEUROPEANTERRITORIALCOOPERATIONGOAL,ANDOFTHEPROGRAMMESOFTHEEAFRD
ANDTHEEMFF,WITHTHERESPECTIVEINDICATIVEALLOCATIONSBYESIFUNDANDBYYEAR
Programme ESI
Total 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
title Fund
Large ERDF 2,589,910,486 304,862,982 314,380,621 339,141,877 348,466,470 396,495,556 437,091,113 449,471,867
Infrastructure
OP CF 6,934,996,977 825,196,830 884,842,501 949,836,093 999,902,570 1,046,786,040 1,093,828,558 1,134,604,385

HumanCapital
ESF 4,220,844,429 496,843,124 518,788,763 574,693,403 601,562,330 645,491,301 678,681,279 704,784,229
OP

Administrative
ESF 553,191,489 55,319,149 66,382,979 82,978,723 82,978,723 82,978,723 105,106,383 77,446,809
CapacityOP

Competitivene
ERDF 1,223,404,255 144,009,096 154,717,724 156,906,192 169,319,001 185,645,265 193,816,080 218,990,895
ssOP

Technical
ERDF 212,465,957 21,276,596 31,914,894 28,914,894 31,914,894 31,914,894 31,914,894 34,914,894
AssistanceOP

RegionalOP ERDF 6,700,000,000 824,202,464 890,691,151 937,021,277 997,021,277 997,021,277 997,021,277 1,057,021,278
NationalRural
EAFR
Development 8,015,663,402 1,149,848,554 1,148,336,385 1,146,793,135 1,145,218,149 1,143,614,381 1,141,925,604 1,139,927,194
D
Programme
Fisheriesand
Maritime EMFF 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
AffairesOP
Total 30,450,776,996 3,821,558,795 4,010,055,018 4,216,285,594 4,376,383,414 4,529,947,437 4,679,385,188 4,817,161,550

TheinformationpresentedinthePartnershipAgreementwillbeupdatedatthesubmissionofthelastprogrammetomaintainconsistencybetweenthe
PartnershipAgreementandprogrammes.

1.7 REQUESTFORTRANSFEROFSTRUCTURALFUNDSALLOCATIONSBETWEENCATEGORIESOF
REGIONS,WHEREAPPLICABLE(ARTICLE93OFTHECPR)
Categoryofregion Financialallocation Transferto Amounttransferred Shareoftheallocation Financialallocation
basedon (EUR) ofthecategoryofregion aftertransfers
113
 Commissiondecision fromwhichfundsare (EUR)
()(EUR) transferred
(%)*
Lessdevelopedregions 15,058,845,333 Transitionregions 14,607,079,973
451,765,360
Moredeveloped 3%
regions
Transitionregions 0,00 Lessdeveloped 0.00
regions
Moredeveloped 0.00
regions
Moredeveloped 441,271,284 Lessdeveloped 0.00 893,036,644
regions regions
Transitionregions 0.00
1.8TRANSFERFROMTHEEUROPEANTERRITORIALCOOPERATIONGOALTOTHEINVESTMENTFOR
GROWTHANDJOBSGOALWHEREAPPLICABLE(ARTICLE85AOFTHECPR)notapplicable
1.9REQUESTFORATRANSFEROFTECHNICALASSISTANCETOTHEEUROPEANCOMMISSION,
WHEREAPPLICABLE(ARTICLE22BISOFTHECPR)notapplicable
1.10INFORMATIONONTHEALLOCATIONRELATEDTOTHEPERFORMANCERESERVE,BROKENDOWN
BYESIFUNDAND,WHEREAPPROPRIATEBYCATEGORYOFREGION,ANDONTHEAMOUNTSEXCLUDED
FORTHEPURPOSEOFCALCULATINGTHEPERFORMANCERESERVE(ARTICLE14(1)(A)(VII)OFTHECPR)
ThespecialallocationfortheYouthEmploymentInitiativeisexcludedfromthecalculationandtheapplicationof
the performance reserve. For the remaining Funds, the amounts excluded for the purpose of calculating the
performancereserveandtheallocationrelatedtotheperformancereserveissetoutinthetablebelow.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Amountsexcludedforthe
purposesofthecalculationofthe
performancereserve
Performancereserve
TotalUnion MatchingESF Unionsupportsubject
Categoryof CAPtransfers Performancereserve asashareofthe
Fund support supporttoYEI totheperformance
region (EUR) Unionsupportsubject
(EUR) (EUR) reserve(EUR)
tothereserve
More
617,981,357 617,981,357 37,078,881
developed 6%

regions
Transition
0,00 0,00 0,00 0%
regions
Less
10,108,099,341 10,108,099,341 606,485,960
developed 6%
ERDF
regions
Special
allocationto
outermostor
0,00 0,00 0,00 0%
sparsley
populated
regions
TOTALERDF 10,726,080,699 643,564,842 6%
More
275,055,286 275,055,286 16,503,317
developed 0,00 6%

regions
Transition
ESF 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0%
regions
Less
4,498,980,632 4,392,986,317 263,579,179
developed 105,994,315 6%

regions
TOTALESF 4,668,041,603 280,082,496 6%
EAFRD NA 8,015,663,402 N/A 8,015,663,402 480,939,804 6%
CF NA 6,934,996,977 6,934,996,977 416,099,819 6%
EMFF* NA
TOTAL(All
Funds)
30,344,782,681 1,820,686,961 6%
*Notfiledinsincenospecificregulationisinforceandnocountryallocation

114
2.ARRANGEMENTSTOENSUREEFFECTIVEIMPLEMENTATIONARTICLE14(1)(B)CPR

2.1ARRANGEMENTSFORCOORDINATINGEUANDNATIONALFUNDINGINSTRUMENTS
In order to ensure the best use of ESI funds, Romania proposed in the Partnership Agreement a series of
interventions designed in a combined manner in order to address the main challenges and development needs
identified.
TheareaswherethereisastrongfocusofinterestandthecomplementaryapproachoftheESIFundsarerelatedto
the competitiveness, employment, education, social inclusion, environment protection, resources efficiency and
climatechange.
The most evident area where the ESI Funds will be put to work together is among the investments made to
enhance competitiveness and innovation. Measures for business support, RDI investments, and promoting ICT
under ERDF are designed in a complementary manner with the actions to support the restructuring and
consolidation of agricultural holdings and investments in the fisheries sector under EARDF, respectively EMFF. In
addition,itwillbeensuredthefinancingofeducationandskillsthroughESF.
ESFandYEIinvestmentsforemploymentandlabourmobilitywillbecomplementedbytheinitiativesfundedfrom
ERDF for infrastructure. The EARDF initiatives related to rural economy diversification will be completed by ESF
through investments in human resources. The EMFF initiatives are oriented towards the diversification of
aquaculturesector.
The interventions under EMFF will be correlated and complemented with the support from ERDF under the
RegionalOperationalProgramme,LargeInfrastructureOP(biodiversityandriskpreventions)andCompetitiveness
Programme(thefieldofRDI),andESFfortheinterventionssupportingthediversificationofeconomicactivityin
fisheries sectors and within Romania's fisheries areas.By its nature, the future Black Sea 20142020 Joint
OperationalProgrammewillprovidefinancialsupportinthemarineandmaritimearea,thereforethereisahigh
needforcooperationandpotentialforcomplementaritieswithactionsfinancedunderEMFF,ERDFandESF.
Accordingwiththearticle20inthedraftspecificEMFFund,detailsonthecomplementaritywiththeESIFundswill
beincludedintheFisheriesandMaritimeAffairsOP.
AstheBlackSeabasinoffersagreatpotentialforfundingprioritiesrelatedtothebluegrowth,theuseofESIFunds
willseektocontributetothedevelopmentofsectorsthatareofrelevanceinthearea,theseincludeamongothers
the maritime transport development, intermodal transport, port facilities, RDI projects, costal tourism, skills
development,environmentalprotection.
Theinvestmentsineducation,skillsandlifelonglearningfinancedwillbeformallyprovidedthroughESF.Thesewill
complement the measures addressing the entrepreneurship, ICT development supported by ERDF and those
supportingthevocationaltrainingandskillsontheagricultureandforestrysectorsfrom EARDF.Thesupportfor
infrastructureinvestmentsthroughERDFwillcontributetothesuccessofESFimplementation.
There are close linkages across the programmes as regard the social inclusion and reduction of poverty financed
through ESF and the development of infrastructure of social service and public health and ICT with the ERDF
support,theimprovementthequalityoflifeandattractivenessofruralareasbyusingtheEARDFfunds.Aswellthe
ESFinterventionsintheareaofsocialintegrationofthemostdeprivedpersonswillbecomplementedbythenon
financialassistanceprovidedthroughFEAD.
Measuresforenvironmentprotection,resourcesefficiencyandclimatechangewillbeprovidedthroughERDFand
CF, including measures promoting the good environmental practice in business The EAFRD will complement
activities in this area by measures to protect and maintain biodiversity on agricultural and forest land, and by
integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation actions to reduce the GHG emissions in agriculture and
forestry.
The complementarities identified among ESI Funds require an effective coordination during the planning and
implementationoftheESIFundsinordertoavoidtheoverlapsbetweenactions.
Basedonthelessonslearnedin20072013andthenewchallengesraisedbytheESIFundsarchitectureinRomania,
a coordination mechanism with structures on three levels (strategic committee, thematic interinstitutional,
operational),willbesetupinordertoensurethecoherenceoftheinterventions,complementaritiesandsynergies
in the programming and implementation stages. The coordination mechanism will function in parallel with the
institutionalframeworkdesignedforimplementation(seesection2.5),andwillbringtogetherexperts,operational
staff, decision makers from the MAs and IBs, decision makers from other institutions responsible for national
policiesinRomaniaandthesocioeconomicpartners.

115
The institutional coordination mechanism, proposed for next programing period, implies a number of levels
presentedbelow:
Level 1 Management of Partnership Agreement Steering Committee (MPASC) will be set up as a committee
undertheresponsibilityofMinistryofEuropeanFunds.
Role StrategiccoordinationoftheimplementationofthePA/ESIPrograms
Composition LineministriesresponsiblewithpolicyareascoveredbyPartnershipAgreement,socioeconomicpartners
Meetings Twiceayear
Representation Policymakersatministrylevel
Secretariat DirectorateGeneralforAnalysis,ProgrammingandEvaluationoftheMinistryofEuropeanFunds
Level2Thematicsteeringsubcommittees
There will be five thematic subcommittees, according to the five national funding priorities, set up under the
coordinationoftheMinistryofEuropeanFunds,namely:
1. Promotingeconomiccompetitivenessandlocaldevelopment
2. Improvinghumancapitalthroughhigheremploymentandbettersocialinclusionandeducationpolicies
3. Developingmoderninfrastructureforgrowthandjobs
4. Optimisingtheuseandprotectionofnaturalresourcesandassets
5. Modernisationandreinforcementofthenationaladministrationandofjudiciary
Role Identifyingdevelopments/changeswithinvariouspolicyareasandtheirimpactonthestrategyofthe
PartnershipAgreementandOperationalProgrammes
ExaminationofcontinuousrelevanceofthePartnershipAgreement
Overseeingmeetingtheexanteconditionalities
EnsuringsynergyandcoherenceofESIfundsby
o examinationof(proposed)projectseligibilityandselectioncriteria
o examinationofcalendarforrequestofproposalsanditsobservance
o examinationofcoherenceintimeofprojectsappraisalandcontracting
o examinationoffinancial,outputandresultindicators,bothcommittedandachieved
o identifyingthemainbottlenecksinimplementation
o examinationofevaluationresultsandfollowupofrecommendations
EnsuringcoherencewithotherEUandnationalinstruments
Composition lineministriesresponsiblewithpolicyarea,responsibleMAs,InternationalFinancialInstitutionstogether
withrepresentativesoftheMinistryofPublicFinance,representativesofpartnerswhicharemembersof
theProgrammesMonitoringCommitteesaccordingtoArt.42CPR,othersocioeconomicpartners
Reportsto SteeringCommitteeforPartnershipAgreement
Meetings Twiceayear
Representation Decisionmakersat(general)directorlevel
Secretariat DirectorateGeneralforAnalysis,ProgrammingandEvaluationoftheMinistryofEuropeanFunds
Level3FunctionalWorkingGroups
TherewillbefourfunctionalworkinggroupssetupunderthecoordinationoftheMinistryofEuropeanFunds,as
follows:
1. OperationalFWGsspanningthefollowingindicativeareaofinterest
Simplification:administrativeburden,onestopshop,simplifiedoptionsandglobalgrants
Operationalprocedures,audit,irregularitiesandfrauds
Electronicsystemsanddataexchange
Communication
Publicprocurement(cochairedbyANRMAPandMFE)
Technicalassistanceandhumanresources
Horizontalprinciples
Stateaid
2. PerformanceAssessmentFWGwiththecoveragesuggestedbelow
Performanceframework
Evaluation
Reporting
Statisticsandindicators
FinancialManagementandForecasting
116
3. TerritorialcoherenceandEuropeanterritorialcooperationFWG
Europeanterritorialcooperation
ImplementationofEUSDRobjectives
4. NewapproachesFWGscovering
Financialinstruments
Urbandevelopment
Integratedterritorialinvestments
Communitylocalleddevelopment
Role Harmonisationofapproaches,guidanceandcapacitybuildingineachidentifiedfield,including
coordinationofnetworkswhereverappropriate
Composition ExpertsinMEFandMAsandotherexpertsifthecasemaybeincludingsocioeconomicpartners
Reportsto Thematicsteeringsubcommittees
Meetings Eachthreemonths,orwhenevernecessary
Representation Levelofexperts
Secretariat DirectorateGeneralforAnalysis,ProgrammingandEvaluationoftheMinistryofEuropeanFunds
The 20072013 operational programmes implementation has revealed difficulties of the beneficiaries in
understandingwhatopportunitiesareavailabletofundtheirinvestmentprojects,whentheycouldaccessfunding.
ThebeneficiariesofEUfundsalsofounddifficulttoaccesseasilytheinformationrelevanttotheirinterests,todeal
withdifferentproceduresondifferentgrantschemes,theadministrativeburden.
The access to consistent information and the effective support to beneficiaries will continue to be provided
throughthenationalnetworkoftheStructuralInstrumentsInformationCentre(41countycentresandBucharest),
managed by MEF, and technical assistance will be provided through the Technical Assistance Operational
ProgrammeandTAAxisfromtheHumanCapitalOP.
FortheuseofresourcesinthebestinterestofRomania,thecomplementarityrequiresthatESIFundswillnotbe
used solitary, but with regard to other national or European instruments. This means to correlate funds from
differentsourcesforactionsthatarecarriedoutinarelatedorconsecutivemanner,withthefinalpurposetoavoid
thedoublefinancingoradoptionofinvestmentschemesthatarecontradictorytoESIFundsobjectives.
TheinvestmentsfromESIFundsandothernationalorEuropeaninstrumentscandirectlysupporttheachievement
ofobjectivesestablishedinareassuchasenvironment,climateaction,educationandemployment.
Complementarities will be ensured between ESI Funds and HORIZON 2020 programme, the EU Framework
ProgrammeforResearchandInnovation.Thedemarcationlineissetbythedesignoftheinstrumentsasmainly
consists of: the nonterritorial approach and transnational approach of Horizon 2020 against the place based
interventionsofESIFunds;focusonindividualR&IprojectsagainstthefocusonR&IcapacitiesandsystemsforESI
Funds;competitivecallsaddressedtointernationalgroupingsinthecaseofHorizon2020andpolicyprioritisation
toindividualfirms,consortia.
Possiblecomplementaritieswillbecreatedinordertounblocktheexcellencepotentialatnationallevel,including
ERAchairsinitiatives,supporttoactorstoparticipateinHorizon2020,supporttoaccessininternationalnetworks,
supportexcellencecentrestoconnectwithsimilarcentresinothermemberstates,supportcrossbordernetworks,
institutionaldevelopmentforcoordinationatnationallevel.
Connecting Europe Facility offers a good opportunity to enhance complementarities in three areas of digital
infrastructure,energyandtransportinfrastructure.Inthetransportsector,CEFshallsupportprojectsofcommon
interest for removing bottlenecks, enhancing rail interoperability, improving crossborder sections links, ensuring
sustainableandefficienttransportsystems,enablingalltransportmodestohavelowcarbonemissions,supporting
theintegrationandinterconnectionoftransportmodes.ThemaindemarcationbetweenCEFandESIFundsisgiven
bythefactthattheCEFconcept,theinvestmentswillconcentrateoncrossborderinfrastructureprojectensuring
connectivitywithotherstates.
The interventions funded from ESI Funds addressing to SMEs have a high potential to create synergies and
complementarities with COSME the Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and Medium Enterprises
Programme. It provides funding to improve access to finance, improve access to market, and improve the
framework conditions for competitiveness and sustainability of the enterprises and promoting entrepreneurship
andentrepreneurialculture.
Special attention will be given to coherence with ERASMUS programme which has a number of areas of
intervention, where overlapping should be avoided, and complementarities could be sought: employment,
researchandinnovation,industryandenterprise.

117
LIFE programme through the Environment strand covers three priority areas: environment and resource
efficiency; nature and biodiversity; and environmental governance and information. The Climate Action strand
coversclimatechangemitigation;climatechangeadaptation;andclimategovernanceandinformation.
WithregardtoEAFRDcoordinationwithEuropeanAgricultureGuaranteeFund,Romanianauthoritieswillnotmake
transferbetweenthetwopillarsoftheCAP.ThesynergiesbetweenpillarIandpillarIIareensuredbydemarking
theviticulturenationalprogrammeandtheapiculturenationalprogram.
RegardingtheBlackSearegion,Romaniashallmake,asbefore,alltheeffortsinordertopromotedevelopment
andpoliticalandeconomicreformthroughtheBlackSeaSynergy.Thecomplementarywithallthethreepriority
areas of the Danube Strategy will facilitate the innovation and competitiveness, as well as to develop the
knowledgesocietythroughresearch,toinvestinpeopleandskills,andtomanagetheenvironmentalrisks.
AsignificantsourceoffundinginRomaniaisthe20092014grantschemeEEAandNorwaygrants.Thegrantsare
available in four large areas of intervention: (i) research ad green industry innovation, (ii) promoting gender
equality, work life balance, children and young people at risk, social inclusion, public health initiatives, (iii)
biodiversityandecosystems,reducingpollution,energyefficiency,renewableenergy,adaptingtoclimatechange,
(iv) strengthening the development of the civil society enhanced contribution to social justice, combating cross
borderorganisedcrime,etc.TheprogrammeisinimplementationandthemanagingauthoritylocatedintheMEF,
whichwillfacilitatecooperationwithrelevantMAsandpolicymakersforcoherenceofinterventions.
At the present stage of programming, the most important links are shown in Table 1. Similarly to previous
programmingperiod,during20142020,EIBfinancinginstrumentswillbenecessary.
Theimplementationoftheoperationalprogrammesin20072013experiencedsituationswheninparallelwiththe
EUfundedschemestheRomanianGovernmentrunsimilargrantschemeswithmorefavourableorlessdemanding
procedures competing in an counterproductive way, e.g. Environment Fund Administration which managed
schemesforwaterinfrastructure,renewableenergyinvestments,SMEsgrantschemesandentrepreneurshipgrant
schemesmanagedbytheSMEsAgency(atpresentbeingadirectorateintheMinistryofEconomy).Toavoidsuch
situation and remediate the consequences, Romania will align the conditions of the concerned national funding
schemes with those ruling access to ESI Funds, in terms of policy conditions (regionalisation framework in water
and waste sector), the quality of the technical and economic evaluation of projects and the financing rates. In
environment sector, this alignment can be achieved by mainstreaming the national support in the programmes,
throughlowercofinancingratesdependingonthebeneficiarysfinancialcapacity.
ThePASteeringCommitteecreatedforthestrategiccoordinationoftheESIFunds20142020willhaveakeyrolein
ensuringthecoherencewithotherUnionpoliciesinstrumentsandinthesametimewiththeRomaniannational
investmentsprogrammes.

Table1Correlationtable

COMPETITIVENESS(TO1,2,3,4,8,10,11)
Correlation
ESI Nationalindicativeprogrammesandforeign
Thematicobjective (accordingtoPA, Policyarea EUinstruments
Programmes assistance
chapter1.3)

118
1. Need to be RDI COMPOP Horizon2020186 NationalProgrammesforRDI
Strengthening synchronized ICT HCOP European Mihail Kogalniceanu Program for
research, withthefinanced Labour ACOP Innovation SMEs,deminisprogramforSME,
technological measures Education NRDP Partnership Multiannual national program to
development addressing Enterprises OPFMA ErasmusforAll supportcraftsandhandicrafts
andinnovation entrepreneurship Agriculture ETC programme Program for modernization of
and business Aquaculture Programs theEU product marketing activities and
modelsunderTO andFisheries ROP Programmefor market services and Romanian
3, the measures Public the Swiss programme for SME
for employment, administration Competitiveness managed by Ministry of
education, and Energy ofEnterprises Economy/Department for SME,
skills under TO 8 Environment andSMEs BusinessEnvironmentandTourism
and TO 10 and Territorial & COSME Stateaidschemesandprogramfor
the measures Regional guarantee the SME credits
covered by development managed by the Ministry of Public
Digital Agenda (including ITI, Finance
underTO2. CLLD, ETC and NationalBeekeepingProgramme
3.Enhancing Need to be macro National support programs for the
the synchronized regional and winesectorofRomania,20142018
competitiveness withthefinanced seabasin Program for development or
ofsmalland measures strategies) updating of regional planning
mediumsized addressing documentation for areas with
enterprises,the administrative historical monuments entered in
agricultural burden on SMEs theWorldHeritageList
sectorandthe under TO 11; Cofinancingprogramforlandslides
fisheriesand employment, riskmaps
aquaculture education, and Housingprogrammes
sector skills under TO 8 National programme for local
and TO 10; the development
energy efficiency Sociocultural and sport
measures and programmes
lowcarbon Bilateralaid
economy under 20092014 EEA and Norway
TO4. grants187(fieldssupported/tobe
supported: Research in the
priority sectors, Green Industry
Innovation)
Swiss Romanian Cooperation
Programme(areasfinancedfrom
this contribution: promoting
private sector with a particular
focus to improving of the
business environment and the
access to financing for SMEs,
improving the regulations in the
financial sector and
strengthening of the financial
markets and institutions, as well
as the private sector
development and promoting of
SMEsexportsandstandard)
PEOPLEANDSOCIETY(TO1,2,3,8,9,10,11)
National indicative
Correlation (according to PA,
Thematicobjective Policyarea ESIProgrammes EUinstruments programmes and foreign
chapter1.3)
assistance
8.Promoting Need to be Employment HCOP Marie Programtostimulate
sustainableand synchronized with the RDI COMPOP Skodowska the establishment

186
complementarityconsistsinsupportingbyESIfundedprogrammestheRomanianplayerstoparticipateinHorizon2020,bysignificantRDIcapacitybuilding
187
TheprogrammingprocessoftheEEAandNorwegianFinancialMechanismshascompliedwiththeneedtoensurecomplementarityandavoidoverlapwith
thestructuralandcohesionfunds(20072013).Withinthepriorityareas,fundinggapswereidentifiedandtheneedforsupporthasbeenthoroughlyjustified.
119
qualityemployment financed intervention Enterprises ACOP Curie and development of
andsupporting with the measures Social ROP Actions micro enterprises by
labourmobility addressing assistance NRDP Erasmusfor youngentrepreneurs
entrepreneurship and Education OPFMA All Program to develop
business models under Governance ETC programme entrepreneurial skills
TO1andTO3,focusing ICT programmes Material among young people
on sectors with growth Agriculture assistance and facilitating their
potential,themeasures Aquaculture operational access to funding
for social inclusion and andFisheries programme START
education under TO 9 Territorial & Social Program for
and TO 10, and Regional inclusion entrepreneurial
interventionssuchase development operational culture among
government financed (including programme women managers in
underTO11. ITI, CLLD, Asylumand theSMEsector
9Promotingsocial Need to be ETC and Migration Ministry of Labour
inclusion,combating synchronized with the macro Fund programmes
povertyandany financed intervention regional and Programme MinistryofEducation
discrimination with the measures seabasin forSocial programmes
addressing strategies) Changeand Bilateralaid
entrepreneurship and Innovation 20092014 EEA
business models under Creative and Norway
TO1andTO3,focusing Europe grants (fields
on sectors with growth Social supported/ to be
potential,themeasures Changefor supported:
for employment and innovation Promoting gender
education, under TO 8 equality and
and TO 10 and balance between
interventionssuchase work and personal
government financed life, Children and
underTO2. young people at
10.Investingin Need to be risk and local and
education,training synchronized with the regional initiatives
andvocational financed intervention to reduce national
trainingforskillsand with the measures inequalities and to
lifelonglearning addressing promote social
entrepreneurship and inclusion,
business models under Scholarship Fund;
TO1andTO3,focusing Public Health
on sectors with growth Initiatives)
potential,themeasures Swiss Romanian
for employment and Cooperation
social inclusion, under Programme (areas
TO 8 and TO 9 and financed from this
interventionssuchase contribution:
government financed human resources
underTO2. and social
development with
an aim to
strengthening of
academic
exchange between
Switzerland and
Romania.Withthis
purpose, a
Scholarship Fund
and a Research
Funds are to be
created. A special
focus will be put
on promoting

120
 social inclusion of
Roma population
and other
vulnerablegroups)

INFRASTRUCTURE(TO1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11)
Correlation ESI EU National indicative programmes
Thematicobjective Policyarea
(accordingtoPA,chapter1.3) Programmes instruments andforeignassistance
2.Enhancing Need to be synchronized Transport
LIOP Connecting
accessto,anduse with the financed RDI
Europe
andqualityof, intervention and with the ICT COMPOP
Facility
informationand measures addressing Enterprises
ROP
communication innovation under TO 1, Energy "Smart,
technologies entrepreneurship and Environment HCOP Greenand
business under TO 3, Employment Integrated
ACOP
measures for employment Education transport"
under TO 8, measures for Governance OPFMA Challenge
inclusion under TO 9, Aquaculture and ofHorizon
ETC
measures for education Fisheries 2020
and skills TO 10 and Territorial &
measures for enhancing Regional
institutionalcapacityunder development
TO11. (including ITI,
7.Promoting Need to be synchronized CLLD, ETC and
sustainable with the financed macroregional
transportand intervention and with the and seabasin
removing measures for supporting strategies)
bottlenecksinkey the shift towards a low
network carbon economy in all
infrastructures sectors under TO 4 and
measures for protecting
the environment under TO
6.

RESOURCES(TO3,4,5,6,7)
Thematic Correlation ESI EU National indicative programmes and
Policyarea
objective (accordingtoPA,chapter1.3) Programmes instruments foreignassistance
4.Supporting Need to be synchronized Environmental and water
Environment LIOP LIFE
theshift with the financed management multiannual
programme
towardsa intervention and with the Energy COMPOP priorityprogram
lowcarbon measures for environment NER300 Risksmitigation
Enterprises NRDP
economyin protection under TO 6 and Programme Water management priority
allsectors measures for promoting Transport POFMA investments

climatechangeinTO5and Integrated control of nutrients
Agriculture ETC
sustainabletransportunder pollution
TO7. Aquaculture Forestryroadreconstruction

5.Promoting Need to be synchronized andFisheries Thermal rehabilitation
climate with the financed programme
Territorial&
change intervention and with the Regional
adaptation, measures for ICT services Bilateralaid
development 20092014 EEA and Norway
risk and infrastructure under
121
prevention TO2,measurestopromote (includingITI, grants(fieldssupported/tobe
and the good environmental CLLD,ETCand supported: Biodiversity and
management practice in business under macro ecosystem services,
TO 3 and measures for regionaland Environmentalmonitoringand
agriculture, forestry and seabasin integrated planning and
fisheries, as well as strategies) control, Reducing the use of
measures for supporting dangerous substances, energy

the shift towards carbon efficiency, renewable energy,
under TO 4, environment adapting to climate change,
protection under TO 6 and Conservation and
sustainabletransportunder Revitalisation of Cultural and
TO7. Natural Heritage; Promotion
6.Preserving Need to be synchronized ofDiversityinCultureandArts
and with the financed within European Cultural
protectingthe intervention and with the Heritage)
environment measures to promote the Swiss Romanian
and good environmental Cooperation Programme
promoting practice in business under (areas financed from this
resource TO 3, measures for contribution: Environment
efficiency reduction of the carbon withafocusoncontributingto
emission under TO 4, and the renewable energy
measures for agriculture, management in
forestry and fisheries, as municipalities)
well as measures for
promoting climate change
inTO5.

GOVERNANCE(TO2,11)
Correlation
EU National indicative programmes and
Thematicobjective (according to PA, Policyarea ESIProgrammes
instruments foreignassistance
chapter1.3)
11.Enhancing Actions under this Public ACOP Bilateralaid
institutional thematic objective Administration COMPOP 20092014 EEA and Norway
capacityof may contribute, if ICT TAOP grants(fieldssupported/tobe
public relevant, to Justice Territorial ETC supported: Strengthening the
authoritiesand related & Regional developmentofthecivilsociety
stakeholders interventions development and an enhanced contribution
andefficient identified under (including ITI, to social justice, democracy
public TO 2, aimed at CLLD, ETC and and sustainable development
administration accesstoICT. macroregional (NGO Fund), Schengen
and seabasin Cooperation and Combating
strategies) Crossborder and Organised
Crime, including Trafficking
and Itinerant Criminal Groups;
Capacitybuilding and
Institutional Cooperation,
Judicial Capacitybuilding and
Cooperation, Correctional
Services, including Non
custodialSanctions)
Swiss Romanian
Cooperation Programme
(areas financed from this
contribution: security, stability
and support for reforms
(border security, management
capacity at local and regional
levels, modernization of the
judicialsystem,etc.)

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2.2EXANTEVERIFICATIONOFCOMPLIANCEWITHTHERULESONADDITIONALITY
Romania,althoughisnotamemberoftheMonetaryUnion,supportedtheneweconomicgovernancepromotedby
the EC. Romania joined the Treaty regarding the stability, coordination and governance in the economic and
monetary union (Fiscal Pact), engaging to continue the fiscal consolidation process as to ensure the public
financestability.
A key concept used by the Stability and growth pact and with a growing role in the configuration of the future
nationalbudgetarypoliciesfollowingtheadoptionoftheFiscalPactismediumtermbudgetaryobjective(MTO)
specificforeachcountry.
MTOforRomaniais1%,whichmeansthatthestructuralbudgetarydeficitshouldnotexceed1%fromGDPinthe
mediumterm.RomaniaundertookthecommitmentaccordingwithConvergenceProgramtoachievethisobjective
from2015.
AsecondEuropeanprovisionwhichcaninfluencethefutureevolutionoftheindicatorsofadditionalityanalysisis
theoneregardingthedynamicsofthebudgetarycoststhatdonothavetoexceedtheoneregardingtheGDP.
Romania has demonstrated his commitment for the stability of the public finances scrolling with success 2
agreementswithECandIMFandhasmanagedtoreducesignificantlythebudgetarydeficit.
After the macroeconomic stabilization, the next stage for Romania is the implementation of the measures to
ensurethesustainableeconomicgrowthandtheimplementationofthestructuralmeasures,asisprovidedinthe
new precautionary agreement discussed with EC and IMF. This action requires the significant investments in
economy,includingfromEuropeanfundsfinancing.
Consequently, is estimated that until 2020, in the context of reducing the share of expenditures of the general
governmentinGDP,thebudgetaryeffortwiththegrossfixedcapitalformationwillincreaseitsshareinGDP.This
evolutionwillberecordedgiventhatthemediumtermbudgetaryobjectiveitwillbe
1%startingwith2015.
In November 2013, it was processed a budgetary adjustment and a new budget projection for 2014 was agreed
withtheIMFandEC.
Asaconsequence,thebudgetdeficittargetswereadjustedupwardswith0.2percentofGDPfortheyears2013
and2014andthetotalbudgetexpenditureasshareintheGDPwereadjustedaccordingly.
TheincreasingofcostsfortheprojectswithEUcofinancinginvolvesasharepublicGFCFover5%ofGDP,bothin
themediumterm,andin20172020period.
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Expenditure of the General
Government as a share of 34.9 35.3 35.1 34.9 34.6 34.4 34.2 34.0
GDP(TE)
GrossFixedCapitalFormation
4.7 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8
asashareofGDP(P51)
Atnationallevel,thelessdevelopedregionscovermorethan99%oftotalpopulation.
2.3 SUMMARYOFTHEASSESSMENTOFTHEFULFILMENTOFAPPLICABLEEXANTE
CONDITIONALITIES
It is well known that exante conditionalities are an essential part of the preparations for the next programming
period.TheyrepresentpreconditionsthatRomaniawillhavetofulfilandarelinkedtotheeffectiveandefficient
useofESIFunds.StartingwithNovember2012Romaniaidentifiedtheapplicableexanteconditionalities(specific
and general), made its first assessment of the exante conditionalities fulfilment and determined their degree of
fulfilment of the all criterias. For the exante conditionalities or criterias not fulfilled, Government of Romania
adoptedinFebruary/March2012actionplansinordertoestablishtheactionstobetaken,thebodiesresponsible
andthetimetablefortheimplementationofthoseactionsinordertofulfilitnolaterthan31December2016.
Following the last version of the Guidance of exante conditionalities circulated by the Commission, Romania
startedthesecondselfevaluationoftheexanteconditionalitiesfulfilmentandinFebruary2014theactionplans
fortheexanteconditionalitieswereupdated.
TheANNEXVwillpresentasummaryofallapplicablegeneralandthematic/fundspecificexanteconditionalities
atnationallevelandactionplansfortheexanteconditionalitiesorcriteriasnotfulfilled.

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2.4 THEMETHODOLOGYANDMECHANISMTOENSURECONSISTENCYINTHEFUNCTIONINGOFTHE
PERFORMANCEFRAMEWORKINACCORDANCEWITHARTICLE20OFTHECPR
The performance framework is as a tool to stimulate the effective delivery of operational programmes in
attaining the results planned by applying the mechanism of rewarding the progress towards the achievement of
programmeobjectives(throughallocationofperformancereserve)andamendingthefailureineffectiveuseofEU
funds(throughfinancialcorrectionattheendofprogrammingperiod).
Performance framework tables are developed for each OP and they establish a set of indicators, milestones and
targetsthatwillbeusedtomeasuretheprogresstowardstheachievementofprogrammeobjectives.
The configuration of the performance frameworks (PFs) includes several stages, including selection of indicators,
andsettingmilestonesfor2018andtargetsfor2023.
Thedevelopmentoftheperformanceframeworkisbasedonaninstitutionalpartnershipbyworkingcloselywith
theManagingAuthorities.
The development of the PFs is done in accordance with the ESI specific fund regulations (including EARDF and
EMFF), the Implementation Act regulating the application of art.22 of the CPR regarding the application of
performanceframework,aswellastherelevantEUguidelinesdevelopedinthefield.
Themainresponsiblebodyindesigningtheconceptualframeworkforselectingappropriatesuiteofindicatorsand
settingtargetsistheMEFDGAPE,incollaborationwiththeexanteevaluators.
The coherence approach in planning the performance framework is assured through a Technical Working Group
(TWG),bringingtogetherexpertsfromalltheMAs,coveringallthefunds.
DuringtheOPpreparationstheTWGwillmeetregularlywiththeaimtoexamineandtoensuretheconsistencyin
the selection of indicators and setting of milestones and targets across different operational programmes and
acrossdifferentpriorities.Thesuiteofindicatorsintheperformanceframeworkwillderiveamongtheindicators
alreadydefinedatthelevelofoperationalprogrammes,commonandspecificprogrammeindicators.Considering
the indicators measurability and availability of data in the reporting period, key implementation steps will be
defined where necessary. In order to include a limited number of indicators in the performance framework it is
necessary to identify those indicators that can be used for monitoring the progress of multiple investment
priorities. In this respect, to the extent possible the list of indicators recommended for all the operational
programmesandthekeyimplementationstepswillbeharmonisedwiththesupportoftheexanteevaluations.
As regard EAFRD the methodology for the performance framework will be in compliance with the fund specific
rules,themandatorycommonindicatorsprovidedbytheCommission,aswellastheNRDPindicatorsplan,setting
up the targets and milestones for the performance framework. In this respect a predefined list of 20 common
performance indicators (financial and output indicators) derived from the Indicators Plan and applied at priority
levelwillbeused.
An important element of the planning process of performance framework is linked with the identification of
realistictargetsandmilestones.TheexanteevaluationforprogrammesfundedbyERDF,ESFandCFwillsupport
the process by providing methodological proposals for each programme and advising on the selection of
appropriatemilestonesandtargets.
Duringthepreparationoftheoperationalprogrammes,theMinistryofEuropeanFunds,throughtheDGAPE,will
ensurethecontinuousassessmentoftheconsistencyforthepreparationofperformanceframeworkacrosssimilar
priorities based on the examination of the exante evaluators as regard the selection of appropriate indicators,
settingmilestonesandtargetsacrossprogrammesandpriorities.
Theestablishmentofthebestforecastofthevaluesofthemilestonesandtargetswillbebasedamongotherson
the analysis of the experience of the 20072013 interventions based on the historical data available in the
monitoring systems and evaluations; benchmarking against other member states interventions (if relevant);
surveysonmethodologiesofsettingtargets,andtheplausibilitychecksforeachsectorwithcompetentexpertsin
thefield.
Detailsontheselectionofindicatorsandjustificationofthevaluesidentifiedforthemilestonesandtargetswillbe
includedineachoperationalprogrammedocument.
TheeffectivenessofthePFsapplicationdependsaswellontheongoingmonitoringoftheprogress,assessments
andfollowupremedialactionswhenneeded.Thetrackingoftheprogressagainstthemilestonesandtargetsset
willbepartofthegeneralmonitoringsystemoftheoperationalprogrammesandESIfunds.Thedatacollectionand
aggregationwillbeassuredthroughtheelectronicdataexchangesystems(seechapter4).
Recognising that 2018 is a late reference date for remedial measures to be implemented in order to rectify a
possible failure in 2023, a forecasting tool will be developed for the indicators included in the performance

124
framework, whenever possible, based on experience gained and using, at least for the first years of
implementation,datasetsrelatedtothe20072013programmingperiod.Ifsignificantdifferencesappearbetween
forecasted values and the milestones and targets of the performance framework, an adhoc evaluation will be
triggeredtoidentifythecausesandissuerecommendationsfortheiralleviation.EachMAwillberesponsiblefor
the use of the tool, to identify the problems and take remedial actions. The instrument is applicable for the
programmesfundedfromERDF,CFandESF.
The progress on the PFs indicators will be reported annually in the Annual Implementation Reports. Self
assessmentoftheprogressinachievingthetargetswillbepresentedtwiceayeartotheOPMonitoringCommittee
and to the PA Steering Committee. The MFE will provide assistance in monitoring of performance framework
through a dedicated Functional Working Group (FWG) composed of the representatives of all Mas (see chapter
2.1).TheFWGwillanalyseanddebatethestateofimplementation,thesolutionstotheproblemsidentified,the
implementation of the recommendations and followup actions to overcome possible delays in achieving the
targets.
2.5MEASURESTOREINFORCEADMINISTRATIVECAPACITY
Assessmentoftheneedsforreinforcingtheadministrativecapacityoftheauthoritiesandbeneficiaries
Since April 2011 the Romanian Government has been implementing the Priority Action Plan for increasing the
capacity to absorb Structural and Cohesion funds (PAP), whose overall objective is to address the problems and
deficienciesthataffectthemosttheimplementationprocessofstructuralandcohesionfundsaimingatremoving
orreducingsignificantlyoftheobstaclestoabsorption.
Withtheviewtosecuretheabsorptionobjectivesandtopreparethefutureprogrammingperiod,thePAPisunder
revision in order to include other measures that are targeted for both programming periods with a focus on
strengthening the administrative capacity of the public authorities responsible with EU funds management, the
project implementation assistance for beneficiaries, and the preparation of institutional architecture for the
management and implementation of European Structural and Investments Funds 20142020. The Plan will be
submittedtotheECbytheendofMarch2014.
Themainneedsforimprovingtheadministrativecapacityoftheauthoritiesandbeneficiarieswerebasedonthe
conclusionsofanassessmentperformedontheadministrativecapacityoftheinstitutionswithresponsibilitiesin
the management of CSF funds which are presented in summary below and that refers both to the authorities
responsiblewiththemanagementofEuropeanfundsandbeneficiaries.
Mainweaknessesintheadministrativecapacityoftheauthorities
Low authority of the management and coordinating bodies and low stability of structures and overall
framework
For the 20072013 programming period, the institutional setup, the allocation of responsibilities, and the
establishmentoftheinternalrulescomplywiththerequirementsoftheregulations,buttheproperfunctioningof
theinstitutionsandofthewholesystemisakeyissue.
The experience of the current programming period indicates a rather low authority of the management and
coordinating bodies, and a low stability of the organisations structures and of the overall framework. The
coordinatingbodies(e.g.ACIS)andanumberoftheMAshavenotprovedsufficientauthoritytoensureconsistent
approaches, simple and coherent procedures, the avoidance of overlaps of responsibilities, and the effective
implementationofactionplansacrossinstitutionsinordertoresolvethekeyproblems.
Interinstitutionalcooperationrepresentedamajorbottleneckagainstasmoothimplementationoftheoperational
programmes.
AdequateHRpolicyandpractices
A significant number of organisations in the system had difficulties in ensuring the adequate human resources
bothquantitativelyandqualitatively.Theausteritymeasuresundertakenin2010blockedtheresourcingthatwas
requiredbythevolumeofworkandtheincreasingnumberofcontractsinimplementation.Thesignificantsalaries
cutsinthewholepublicsystemgeneratedahighturnover,highvacancyratesandresultantincreasedworkloads
ontheexistingstaff.
ProfessionalethicsforstaffinvolvedinthemanagementofEuropeanfunds
Theoccurrenceofirregularities,someofwhichwereofasystemicnature,andmainlyinthepublicprocurement
processes, required urgent measures to be imposed to strengthen the management and control systems
especially in what concerns the ethics rules, notably on conflict of interests and the departure of the staff to
125
private sector. The mechanisms for antifraud and anticorruption prevention and mitigation were not at the
expected level of effectiveness. The legal base which regulates these aspects is the GO 66/2011,art.13, align 1,
althoughitremainspoorlyapplicable,intheabsenceofeffectivemonitoringmechanisms.
Heavyandbirocraticimplementationsystem
The system for implementing the operational programmes in 200172013 could be defined as an overregulated
system, characterised by (i) excessively complicated administrative procedures and multiple changes of the
procedural framework, (ii) long administrative deadlines, compounded by inconsistencies in terminology,
difficulties in communication with applicants/beneficiaries, (iii) unjustified differences of implementation
(procedures,guidelines)intheManagingAuthorities.
Thecomplicatedandunclearprocedures,inconsistencyinthedifferentprograms(e.g.SOPEnvironmentandROP)
inrespectofsequenceofinterventions/actionsthathavetobefollowed,thelackofpredictabilityandstabilityin
legalandadministrativeenvironmentleadtoanexcessivebureaucracyandhighadministrativeburdenhasslowed
downandevenblockedtheprocesses,mainlyattheexpenseofthebeneficiaries.
Mainweaknessesintheadministrativecapacityofthebeneficiaries
Reference to the difficulties stemming from the legal uncertainty, filed by inconsistent approach and guidelines
betweenmanagingauthorities,auditauthoritiesandprocurementinstitutions.
They also suffer from the imposition of bureaucratic procedures from managing authorities (complex guide for
applicants,excessivejustificationrequiredforpaymentclaims,disproportionatereportingobligations)
Identificationandpreparationofprojects/applicationscapacity
The programming period 20072013 was a challenge for the beneficiaries, due the new rules that were
significantlydifferentthanthoseappliedforthepreaccessionperiod,thelargersizesoftheprojects,anddueto
thafactthatinsomecasesinvolvementofthesameentityinmoreprojects.Nevertheless,thelevelofperformance
of the operational programmes and individual projects indicate the need for improvements in all types of
beneficiaries.
However, a series of actions for capacity building were taken, including the creation and strengthening of
dedicated units for project development and implementation, development of competences through formal
trainingandthroughlearningbydoing.Inthecaseofprivatebeneficiaries,whoareaccessingfundsfortheirown
businessesthecapacityforprojectdevelopmentandimplementationreliesmostlyonoutsourcingtheservicesto
consultancycompanies.
Projectimplementationcapacity
Public procurement, project management skills, continues to be a need for improvement. Evaluations have
indicatedlimitedtechnicalcapacityinspecificareasandalowqualityofthetechnicaldocumentationmainlyfor
infrastructureprojects.Therehavealsobeenindicatedstaffingdifficulties,shortagesofskills,projectmanagersor
consultantsinthecaseofspecificbeneficiariesorspecificsectors,(e.g.publicadministrationinsmallerlocalities
andruralareasorspecificsectorswhichhavebenefittedlessfrompublicinvestmentsinthepast,suchaswaste
management).
Cofinancingcapacity
An important factor influencing the implementation of EU funded projects and the absorption capacity is the
limited capacity of the beneficiaries to mobilise financial resources for cofinancing and the cashflow, but also
financial corrections. The beneficiaries encountered additional difficulties due to, heavy access to prefinancing,
bank loans and changing loan conditions between the application and the contracting date, corroborated with
delaysinreimbursement.Thelimitedcapacitytomobilisethefinancialresourceswasakeyissueandriskfactor
forprogrammesperformance.
Nationalresponsetoaddressweaknessesinthecapacityofauthoritiesandbeneficiariesbasedonthelessons
learnedfrom20072013
Redesignoftheinstitutionalframeworkstrengtheningthemanagementandcoordinationfunctions
Theredesignoftheinstitutionalframeworkaimsatstrengtheningthemanagementandcoordinationfunction.A
centralisation process has already started with the creation of the Ministry of European Funds, a structure
dedicatedtothecoordinationoftheimplementationsystem,withsufficientpoweroverthestructuresinvolvedin
themanagementofEuropeanfundslocatedinotherministries,thusobservingfullownershipoftherelevantline
ministriesandgovernmentalagenciesduringimplementation.

126
The 20142020 Romanian institutional frameworks will concentrate the function of operational programmes
managementfunctionsinthreecorelineministriesthathavealreadydemonstratedgoodadministrativecapacity:
the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration; the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development;andtheMinistryofEuropeanFunds.
The need for a new architecture was deemed by the weaknesses resulted from the administrative capacity
assessmentandotherdifficultiesencounteredduringprogrammingperiod20072013,mainlyduetolowefficiency
and effectiveness of the previous system, less than fully satisfactory methodological environment, lack of
accountabilityandinitiativeattheinstitutionallevel.
With a centralized approach, Romanian authorities expect benefits both in terms of management and overall
coordination,someofthembeinglistedbelow:
Bettercoordinationoffundsthroughunitarymanagementdecisionoverprogramming/implementationof
the funds. Under current programming period overall coordination of the funds has been provided at
national level by MEF; still, at detailed level there have been different approaches from one Managing
Authoritytoanotherleadingincertaincasestosignificantdiscrepancies.Forthenextprogrammingperiod,
better coordination it is expected while decision chain is shorter under single management and over
varioussectorsintercorrelated.
Synergy: Structures will not be replicated many times, for each Managing Authorities. Thus, while some
units will be dedicated to each MA, it is envisaged common structures will perform some of Managing
Authoritiestasks.
Shorteradministrativedeadlines.
Aunitaryapproachforimplementationwithstandardizedandcomprehensiverules.
TheMinistryofEuropeanFundswasbuiltonthepreviousstructuresforcoordination(formerACIS)and
implementation ( former AM EXISPA ) benefiting from experience and expertise of the personnel
employed which ensure the efficient and effective management and coordination, mainly in terms of
programmingandprojectsselection.
Improved quality assurance is expected while experience from various operational programmes can be
easilytransferredthroughoutorganizationaslessonslearned.
The Ministry of European Funds will accommodate the MAs for a number of OPs for which management and
coordination strengthening has proved to be needed (competitiveness, human capital and infrastructure). The
MinistrywillalsoberesponsibleforthecoordinationofthesystemforthemanagementandimplementationofESI
Funds;thelineministriescontinuetobeinchargewiththepolicyareas.
AnewmeasureproposedistocreateanUnitatthelevelofMEFthatwillhavethetasktoperformbasedonan
unitaryapproachforallthecasesregardingfinancialcorrectionandirregularities.Theroleofthis unitwillbeto
analyse and monitor the cases of financial correction and to implement unitary approach for all the operational
programsmanagedbyMEF.TheManagingAuthoritywillfurtherremainresponsibleforapplyingtheproportionate
financial corrections required in connection with individual or system irregularities detected in operations or
operationalprogrammes..ThisUnitwillcollaboratewiththemanagementauthorityforNPRD,inordertoachieve
a unitary approach, where applicable, between the structural and cohesion funds and 2nd pillar of the Common
Agriculture Policy. The Ministry of European Funds is designated as Managing Authority for Competitiveness
OperationalProgrammeandalsoforHumanCapitalOperationalProgramme.
For Competiveness Operational Programme and for Human Capital Operational Programme, the current IBs will
remainoperational,asin20072013period.
A smooth transition is envisaged, the system being built on the same accredited structures maintaining the
personnelandexpertise.Inordertokeeptheexpertiseaccumulated,andtoavoidtheduplicationofsystem,afirst
strategicmeasuretakenbyMEFwastotakeovertheMAforCompetitivenessandHumanCapital(EGO9/2014)
startingwiththecurrentprogrammingperiod(meaningtotakeoverthestructurewithafferentstaff).Thesetwo
integratedstructuremaintaintheirresponsibilitiesandreceivenewtasksfor20142020period.For20142020the
MAforHumanCapitalwillalsoberesponsiblewiththeimplementationofFEAD.
For20142020MEFwilltakeoverthefunctionofMAfortransport,environmentandenergysector.Fortransport
andenvironmenttheManagingAuthoritywillworkwithsectorallineministries,MinistryofTransportandMinistry
ofEnvironmentandClimateChangeasIntermediateBodies,whichmaintaintheexpertiseaccumulatedsofarand
beingresponsibleforimplementationoftheirspecificpolicy.
ForenergysectorthecurrentIBwillperformthesametasksotheexpertiseismaintained.
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration will perform the tasks of Managing Authority for
Regional, Administrative Capacity and European Territorial Cooperation programmes and will encourage a clear
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accountability of the actual Regional Development Agencies acting further as IB with a high level of expertise in
termsofpersonnel.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development will remain responsible for the implementation of National
RuralDevelopmentProgrammeandforthemechanismofdirectpayments,aswellasforOperationalProgramme
forFisheriesandMaritimeAffairs.
BasedontheNRDP20072013lessonslearnedregardingthelackofcorrelationbetween thelocalinfrastructure
projectswithintheobjectivesofregionaldevelopmentorsectoralstrategies,wewilldelegatetheimplementation
for rural infrastructure projects to MRDPA, which will work as Intermediate Body. Therefore, the Intermediate
Bodywillcoverinabetterwaythestrategicapproachoftheconnectivityofthewholeinfrastructure,bytargeting
in a coherent way the interventions related to infrastructure projects funded by various ESI Funds. The
implementationmanneroftheseprojectswillbedetailedinnationalimplementationframework.AuditAuthority,
thesameentity,respectivelyAuditAuthoritywithinRomanianCourtofAccountswillbemaintainedtoperformde
auditfunctionin20142020period.
The Certifying Authority within the Ministry of Public Finance will continue to be responsible for certifying the
expenditurein20142020.Onthecasebycasebasis,takingintoaccounttheexperienceandinaccordancewith
the provisions of European Regulation 1303/2013, art 123, for a certain operational programme it may be
designatedadifferentcertifyingauthority.
A horizontal policy for human resources involved in the management of the EU funds and support for
introductionofeffectiveHRpractices
The human resources play an important role in building an efficient system for the management of European
funds. A shift from a competences and process based approach to a results based performance management
one is needed to better orient efforts toward the OPs performance targets. The new approach will be to
implementtrainingmodulesonhorizontallevelandinanintegratedmannertoreinforcethecapacityandtheskills
ofthepersonnel.
The training function has to ensure the continuous development of the staff in all areas and in specific
interventionsforthecriticalareasexpertiseidentified,e.g.stateaid,environmentregulations,riskmanagement,
internal audit, public procurement, financial management and control, EU and national legislation and
managementskills.
TheWorldBankwillassisttheMoEFindevelopingaperformanceappraisalsystemforindividualjobfunctions.The
indicators will include a list of both qualitative and quantitative indicators for job functions including targets to
measureperformanceandwillcascadefromoverallobjectivesfortheseinstitutionsandresultsindicatorsforthe
OPsdefinedbytheGoR.
Attheendof2013,theGovernmentofRomaniaadoptedthedecisionthatthestafffromManagingAuthoritiesto
have the same salaries as those of the Ministry of European Funds staff, this measure aiming to lead to an
equitableremunerationsystem.MEFintendstodoin2014thesameforIntermediateBodies.
Thesetwomeasuresareaimedtopreventthestaffturnoverandtolimitmoreeffectivelystaffdeparturetoprivate
sector,andtobetterimplementethicrulesandavoidanceofconflictofinterest.
The TA will be used to support the effective implementation of the HR policy including creation of the capacity,
development of the tools and implementation. The measures will be coherent with and enhanced by the
interventions undertaken within the entire public administration system to improve the administrative capacity,
andmanagementsystemregardingtheethicrules,conflictofinterest.
TheTAwillbealsousedforensuringthenecessaryindependentexpertisewhereneeded.
Moreefficientsystemsandtoolsatalllevelsofimplementation
implementationsystemwillbestreamlinedincludingthereductionoftheadministrativeburdenontheEuropean
Structural and Investment Funds beneficiaries, according to the results of an evaluation, that is curently in
implementation.The application of the options for simplified costs and setting up of global grants are also
envisagedtobeutilisedwheneverappropriate,especiallyinthecaseofESF,mainlyforemployment,trainingand
social inclusion. Preparations are ongoing for moving towards a paperless system for exchange of information
betweenauthoritiesand alsobetweenauthoritiesandbeneficiaries.Simplificationisalso expectedfollowingthe
implementation of the World Bank recommendations included in the study regarding Improving the National
FrameworkforPreparingandImplementingPublicInvestmentProjects.
With regards to the major projects methodology, the provisions of CPR Art. 102 Decision on a major project,
paragraph2willbeapplicable.

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Revision of the mechanisms and further development of tools aimed at ensuring increase of transparency and
avoidanceofconflictsofinterestsintheimplementationofoperationalprogrammesisunderway.
The regulations for the 20142020 programming period offer greater flexibility for managing authorities when
designingprogrammes,bothtochoosebetweendeliveringinvestmentsthroughgrantsandfinancialinstruments,
andtoselectthemostsuitablefinancialinstrument.
Romania considers the use of tailor made financial instruments following an ex ante assessment which will be
performed in order to identify the financing needs of the beneficiaries the amount of funding, the most
appropriatefinancialproductscorrespondingtoeachtypebeneficiary.
Basedonthegoodpracticecasesimplementedinthepreaccessionperiod,Romaniaconsiderstheopportunityto
involvethefinancialinstitutionwithinthemanagementofESIFundsbyallocationofwelldefinedtasksandbased
onperformancecontracts.Moreeffectivetechnicalassistanceandfinancialsupportforbeneficiariesinparallel
withareductioninadministrativeburden
Among the envisaged measures of the PAP are a number of initiatives dedicated to address the weaknesses
outlinedbytheassessmentofthebeneficiariescapacity.Amongthem,arethefollowing:
Elaboration of a comprehensive guide of good practices and avoidance of the main risks in public
procurement,undertheauthorityofANRMAP
Continuationoftheprocessforstandardisationofprocurementdocuments
Centralisedhelpdeskandassistanceforprojectimplementation
Implementation of annual training programmes for EU Funds beneficiaries, staff in management system
andmembersofMonitoringCommittees
Assurecommonsetofguidancesandinterpretations,throughregularcoordinationmechanismsbetween
managingauthorities,MEF,auditauthoritiesandprocurementbodies
Effective use of the instruments encouraged by the regulation for larger outreach of funds and closer to
finalbeneficiariesneedsglobalgrants,jointactionplan,resultsbasedapproach
Clearprocedures/instrumentsforethicalrules,antifraudandanticorruptionmeasures
Inpresent,acollaborationProtocolisforcewithNationalAgencyforIntegrity,anyallegationreferredbyManaging
Authoritiesbeingsolvedwithpriority.
Medium and longterm mechanism is comprehensive and will provide the National Agency for Integrity with the
competenciesneededinordertoverifytheconflictofinterestforallawardingprocedures,thepublicprocurement
contractsandimplementationandoperationalizationofanintegratedinformationsysteminordertopreventand
detectpotentialconflictsofinterest,whichwillbedeveloped,managedandadministeredbytheNationalIntegrity
Agency.TheintegratedinformationsystemwillprocessdataandinformationsothatNationalAgencyforIntegrity
will issue integrity warnings to all involved stakeholders, while ensuring monitoring of their implementation, in
order to prevent conflicts of interest, without blocking procurement procedures and without affect project
management. Relevant data and information from the integrated information system will be available for the
institutionswithverificationresponsibilities(NationalAuthorityforRegulatingandMonitoringPublicProcurement,
Central Unit for Coordination and Verification of Public Procurement, Fight Against Fraud Department, etc.). In
terms of financial resources, it should be noted that a new financial support mechanism has been introduced
allowingforthereimbursementtobemadedirectlytotheprovideroftheinvoicedexpenditures.Anevaluationof
theprefinancingmechanismhasalsotakenplaceproposinganoptimisedschemefortheuseofprefinancingper
typeofbeneficiaryandtypeofprojectsthatwillbeconsideredforthenextprogrammingperiod.
Another positive measure was to increase the buffer fund trash hold at 4 billion lei, aspect agreed also by IMF,
whichisnotcountedinthedeficitandcanberunbytreasuryinshortageoffunds.
2.6ACTIONSPLANNEDINTHEPROGRAMMESTOACHIEVEAREDUCTIONINTHEADMINISTRATIVE
BURDENFORBENEFICIARIES
Administrativeburden
The actions envisaged by Romania for reducing administrative burden for beneficiaries rely on their general
definition,asadditionaladministrativeworkandcostsnecessaryforthebeneficiariestoreceiveanduseESIfunds.
EChaveanalysedinthestudyMeasuringtheimpactofchangingregulatoryrequirementstoadministrativecost
andadministrativeburdenofmanagingEUStructuralFunds(ERDFandCohesionFunds)theadministrativeburden
forthevarioustypesoffundedactionsfortheEU27in20072013aswellastheimpactofthelegislativechangesof
theregulatoryframeworkforthenextperiodofprogramming20142020.Accordingtothementionedstudy,the
totalaggregateadministrativeburdenforthepresentperiodofprogrammingcorrespondstoapproximately2%of

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thetotalERDFandCFcontribution.Thisanalysiswasbasedoninterviewsandindepthcasestudiescarriedoutfor
22operationalprogramsin10MemberStates,includingRomania.Thisselectioncoveredallthreedifferenttypes
ofimplementationsystems(centralized,regionalized,mixed)andprovidesagoodbalancebetween oldandnew
MemberStates.TwooperationalprogramswereselectedforeachMemberStatebalancingdifferentfactorswhich
have been identified as crucial i.e. financial volume, thematic orientation and geographical coverage. From
Romania2largesectoralprograms,EnvironmentandTransportOPs,wereconsidered.
TakingintoaccountthattheabovementionedstudycoveredonlytwoRomanianOPs,MinistryofEuropeanFunds
contracted an evaluation study for analysing the administrative burden on beneficiaries of Structural and
Investment Funds. The study has as first assignment identifying information obligations of the beneficiaries of
structural and cohesion funds and of the EU Common Agricultural Policy due to the application of European
legislationatnationallevelandtheadministrativeactivitiestobeundertakentomeettheseobligations.
Based on this analysis, administrative costs will be calculated. Taking into account that the main purpose of this
evaluationstudyistoidentifymeasurestoreducetheadministrativeburden,thecostcalculationwillbebasedon
asimplifiedmethodology(usingmainlythetimeparameter),andwillbefocusedonadministrativecostsforprivate
beneficiariesofstructuralfunds.
Evaluators will make a selection of the most burdensome information obligations based both on size of
administrative tasks to be undertaken and on perceptions of interviewed beneficiaries. The analysis will be
performedoneachoperationalprogramtakingintoaccountthefinancialsizeofprojectsandthetypesofcontracts
andexpenses(works,supplies,services,etc.).
TheevaluationwillalsoanalyzetheimpactofchangingrequirementsfromtheGeneralRegulation1303/2013on
administrative costs and administrative burdens related to the implementation of European Structural and
Investment Funds. This should include not only the cost reduction estimation but a qualitative analysis of these
changes. The report will provide recommendations and simplification tools for reducing administrative burdens
accompaniedbyanestimationoftheadministrativecostsreduction.
IntheendofMarchafirstevaluationreportwillbeprovidedcontainingtheadministrativeburdenidentifiedand
generalsimplificationproposalstobeincludedinthePartnershipAgreement.
The final evaluation report will include specific proposals to reduce administrative burdens detailed at a level of
each operational program and also recommendations in applying of onestop shop principle in Romania. By
establishingsuchmechanismtheSMEswillbeprovidedwithacomprehensiveandconsistentmannerforaccessing
ESIfundinginordertoaddresstheirdevelopmentneeds(equipment,services,trainingandaccesstofinance).The
purposeistoavoidfragmentationandinconsistentapproachintacklingSMEsneeds,asexperiencedinthe2007
2013period..
Inordertoensuretheimplementationandimprovementofsimplificationactionsproposedbytheevaluators,at
the level of Partnership Agreement, a functional working group for simplification will be set up, under the
coordination of the Ministry of European Funds. At the level of each operational programme the stage of
implementationofthesimplificationsactionswillbeclosemonitoredbytheMonitoringCommittee.Theanalyses
ofresultsoftheimplementationofthesimplificationactionswillbeperformedwithinanupdateevaluationthat
willbescheduledintheEvaluationPlan.
During the last part of the year 2013, Ministry of European Funds has already taken measures for reduction the
administrativeburdenonbeneficiaries,suchas:
settingcleartimeframe,20days,forprocessingpaymentclaims;
establishment of a settlement mechanism of payment claims for all project beneficiaries, that allows the
directsettlementofinvoicesfromsuppliersoffundsallocatedfromtheStateTreasury;
eliminationoftheartificialconstraintsimposedforpurchasesmadebyprivatesectorbeneficiaries;
elaborationofaGuideonthemainrisksidentifiedinpublicprocurement;
Evaluators from the abovementioned study will analyze the results of these actions and make proposals for
improvement,wheneveristhecase.
ConsideringthesimplifiedcostoptionspresentedintheRegulation,theMinistryofEuropeanFundscontracteda
study for identification of the areas and operations where unit costs could be used and the design of related
calculationmethodology.Relatedtotheflatratesforindirectcosts,paymentsbasedonindirectcostscouldbetoo
complex for some beneficiaries (e.g. local authorities, universities) and irrelevant for others (e.g. large
infrastructureprojects).However,inthecaseofsmallerprojects,flatratesareexpectedtoreduceadministrative
costsrelatedtoprojectpreparationandmanagingthesupportdocumentsforpaymentclaims.Useoflumpsums
willbealsoconsideredwheneverappropriate.
Romaniaintends,alongwiththeuseofsimplifiedcostoptions,toconsider:
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 measuresforsimplification,predictabilityandgreaterstabilityinthelegalandregulatoryenvironment;
improvingcommunicationswithbeneficiariesthatwillbefacilitatedboththroughextensionoftheexisting
usernetworkandfurtherinvestmentinbetterhelpdesksupport.
improvingqualityandsimplifyingthewrittenguidance;.
continuing simplification of proceduresof the MAs and IBs in relation to the appraisal and, selection of
projects,aswellasoftherequirementsandchecksduringprojectimplementation.
streamliningofmonitoringandevaluationrequirements.Formsandprocessesforthe201420periodwill
beproofedforutility)andforproportionality
shiftingtopaperlesssystemsusingelectronicexchangeofdatabetweenauthoritiesandbeneficiaries.
furtherharmonizingrequirementsofvariousstructures,eliminatingoverlappingandunnecessarychecks.
a progressive mainstreaming of riskbased management, with the concentration of checks and audit in
areaswhereriskisassessedtobegreatest,intermsof:
thetechnicalaspectsofprojects.
thefinancialscaleofprojects.
thecapacity/trackrecordofthebeneficiary.
potentialfordefaultandfraud.
Furthertothat,RomaniapayattentiontotheresultsofthestudyImprovingtheNationalFrameworkforPreparing
andImplementingPublicInvestmentProjectsimplementedbytheWorldBank.
3. INTEGRATEDAPPROACHTOTERRITORIALDEVELOPMENTSUPPORTEDBYTHEESIFUNDSORA
SUMMARYOFTHEINTEGRATEDAPPROACHESTOTERRITORIALDEVELOPMENTBASEDONTHE
CONTENTOFTHEPROGRAMMES(ARTICLE14(2)(A)CPR)
ThediversityofRomanianterritory,highlightedbytheanalysisofdisparities,makesitnecessarytoadaptmeasures
toterritorialspecificfeaturesthustherearecertaincategoriesofterritoriesforwhichspecificpoliciesaretobe
elaborated.Forexample,insparselypopulatedterritories,thatarealsofacingahighdegreeofisolation(Danube
Delta,somehighermountainousareas),themainobjectiveofpolicieswillbetomaintainthepopulationwithinthe
area.Also,forterritoriessuchasthecoastalarea,mountainousareas,crossborderareas,ruralperipheralareas,
thatarefacingspecificproblemsneedtobetreatedinanintegratedmanner.
Followingthesestrategicelements,thepotentialidentifiedandtheterritorialdisparities,thefollowingterritorial
developmentprioritiesaresetoutfor20142020period:
Improving thequalityoflifeforlocalandregionalcommunitiesinorderforRomanianregions tobecome
moreattractiveplacestolivein,leisure,investandwork.
Havinginmindthateachregionhasitsowneconomicanddevelopmentpotentialandspecificcharacteristics,the
main objective being to fully maximize this potential in order to contribute to national economic. It is thus
importanttoimprovetheeconomicandsocialperformanceofeachregion,bycounteractingfactorsandelements
thathindereconomicperformanceandpromotedevelopmentopportunitiesineachregion.
Promotingruralurbanpartnerships
TheRomanianterritoryisessentiallyrural(almost90%ofthetotalnationalareabelongstoruraladministrative
units), therefore the future interventions aim to ensure the acceleration of restructuring and modernizing
processesinruralspace,foraneconomicintegratedandsustainabledevelopmentofthe ruralareas,takinginto
accountthetypologyoftheseareas.Inthesametime,prioritywillbegiventoensurecomplementaritybetween
differentsectoralinterventionsandruraldevelopmentinterventions.
Consolidatingtheurbannetworkbypolycentricdevelopmentandterritorialspecialization
Development often requires economies of scale and scope and large markets, usually enabled by large cities.
Romanianlargecities,likeothereconomiccentresintheworld,arenotseparatedwithsurroundingruralareas,but
are part of larger systems. These cities have expanded outward in the last two decades, and now forming
functional economic areas that exceed the administrative boundaries, creating employment opportunities and
promotingthedevelopmentofeducation,businessandleisure
Increasingaccessibilityandconnectivity
Increasingtheaccessibilityto thelargeurban agglomeration andimprovingaccessibilitybetween major urban
agglomerationsandsmallertownsintheproximityorintheareaofinfluencearepriorityobjectives,inorderto
ensureincreasingmobilityofpeople(forbetteraccesstojobsandservices)butalsooffoodproductsandofother
goods.

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There are numerous implications of the transport network on territorial development. At sub regional level, an
inadequate transport network hinders the development of small and medium towns and of rural settlements,
major investments are needed to overcome natural barriers (Carpathians, Danube) but also to get out of the
relative isolation all areas affected, with an special attention to investments in railway in order to support the
intermodaltransport,incorrelationwiththeinvestmentsmadetoconsolidatethemajorcities.
Equitableaccesstoservicesofgeneralinterest
Promoting social inclusion of marginalised communities is particular important for combating poverty and social
cohesioninurbanareas.
Theconnectionofruralareastothemajortransportnetworkandtothepublicutilitiesofhigher(urban)levelis
generally low and is a major problem for development opportunities. This is why it is necessary to ensure a
territorial balance concerning the access to services of general interest, given the clear discrepancies between
moredevelopedterritoriesandlessdevelopedones,aswellasbetweendenselypopulatedandsparselypopulated
areas. Ensuring equitable access to services of general interest is also the most important component of the
combatagainstpovertyandalsocontributestopreventtheexpansionofthisphenomenon.
3.1THEARRANGEMENTSTOENSUREANINTEGRATEDAPPROACHFORTHETERRITORIAL
DEVELOPMENTOFSPECIFICSUBREGIONALAREAS
3.1.1 COMMUNITYLEDLOCALDEVELOPMENT/LEADERLOCALDEVELOPMENT
The Community LedLocal Development is an important tool for Romania to reduce the territorial unbalances
throughtheinvolvementoflocalcommunitiestotakeconcretestepstowardseconomicdevelopment.
The local partners will have to design and implement integrated strategies by taking into consideration the local
needsandpotentialandtoincludeinnovativefeaturesinthelocalcontext.
In 200713 programming period, 163 LAGs were selected under the current NRDP covering a territory of about
142,000 km2 and enjoying a participation of 30% of the total population (6.7 mil. inhabitants). The territorial
distributionofLAGsshowsastrongerconcentrationinWestandCentreRomania.
Buildingonthisexperience,weexpectthatLEADER20142020willcontributetoasmartdevelopmentoftherural
areas, addressing mainly local development needs in terms of business, agriculture, health, social services and
related infrastructure, culture and the environment, enabling the implementation of integrated projects with an
innovative multisectoral and cross cutting approach in the future rural development program, thus meeting the
needsoftheruralpopulationandfulfillingthetargetsoftheEurope2020Strategy.
AlthoughLEADERwillbeentirelyprogrammedunderRDPpriority6whichcontributestoTO9,itwillalsocontribute
also to other thematic objectives such as TO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8. As part of the LEADER approach, territorial
cooperationprojectswillbeenvisagedcomplementarytootherterritorialcooperationinitiatives.
Given the small size of the projects and the specific bottomup approach of LEADER and based on the
experiences/lessons learned from the implementation of the NRDP 20072013 (very late selection of LAGs who
risktobeabletofullyimplementtheirstrategies&strategiesfocusinglessoninnovativemeasures,butratheron
classical NRDP measures), it will be relevant to finance operations to capitalize on local resources and promote
local specificity either through classical measures or specific measures needed to maintain the innovative
characterofLEADER.
In order to avoid deficiencies in reaching the targets of the local development strategy well skilled, trained and
LEADERmotivatedpeople,asmembersoftheLocalActionGroup,areoneofthemainpreconditionsforsuccess.
ForthenextprogrammingperioditisenvisagedtocapitalizeontheexistingexperiencerelatedtotheLEADERaxis,
bygrantingadditionalattentiontothelocaldevelopmentstrategiesthatenvisagemeasurestosupportminorities
and to the local partnerships that include at least one organisation of the local minorities, including the Roma
people.
The approach that we support in the case of EAFRD based also on consultation process with stakeholders is to
apply mono fund financing taking into consideration the institutional capacity and relatively early stages of
implementationoflocaldevelopmentstrategies.ThefinancialallocationofEAFRDforLEADERaxisisaround7.80%.
SupporttotheRomapopulationcanbechannelledthroughactionsaimedatstimulatingthespecificandtraditional
activitiesofthiscommunity(crafts,etc.),supportingtheartisanscraftassociationsoftheRomaminoritytopractice
theiroccupations,organizationofcampaignstostimulateandraisetheawarenessoftheRomaminorityaboutthe
financingopportunitiesandoftheemployersinterestedinhiringRomapeople.
The main objective of CLLD in fisheries areas will be to increase the employment and territorial cohesion for
fisheriesandaquaculture.Fishinglocalactiongroups(FLAGs)haveanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoffishing

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communities. So far 14 FLAGs have been selected covering a total area of 22,659.73 square kilometres and a
populationof884.435inhabitants.However,itisnecessarytosupportexistingFLAGSandtofocusonthecreation
ofnewpartnerships.
In urban areas CLLD will aim to increase social inclusion and to reduce the poverty among disadvantaged
communitieswithinRomaniancities.Themostrelevantcriteriafordefiningthosecommunitiesarehumancapital,
employmentandhousingquality188havingasresultthreemaintypesofurbandisadvantagedcommunities:
communitieswithpooraccesstoinfrastructure,locatedparticularlyinhousessituatedatthecityperiphery,
poorlyendowedwithutilitiesandwithoutmodernroads.Thistypeofurbancommunitiesmaybefoundboth
attheleveloflocality(mainlythenewlyadministrativelydeclaredtownsortheagriculturalsmalltowns)and
attheintracitylevel(usuallyperipheralneighbourhood,butnotonly)withinthemiddleandlargecitiesof
thecountry.
communities that are economically disadvantaged, located particularly in (small) monoindustrial or
agricultural towns, formerly dependent on a large state enterprise or an agricultural cooperative. The
majority of these settlements are (rural) communes that only administratively were declared towns, most
oftenbeingpoorlyendowedwithurbanutilities(thusfallingalsoundertype1above).Theownrevenuesto
the local budget are very low, also being dependent on the redistribution mechanism from the central
budget.
isolatedpoorzoneslocatedinsmallareaswithinacitythatconsistofgroupingsofhousesorblocksofflats,
whichcumulatealltypesofdisadvantages.Foridentifyingpoorzones,measures(indicators)atthelocality
level are not useful or are even misleading, since these often consist of small isolated poor areas within
relativelydevelopedcitiesandtownsinRomania.
TheCLLDwillbeimportanttobeimplementedinordertotargetthelocalcommunitiesneedslimitingwithinthe
followingtypesofterritories:
Forruralareas(asdefinedintheNationalRuralDevelopmentProgrammeandsmalltownswithapopulation
of up to 20,000 inhabitants) will increase the integrated actions sites skills, investment support in order to
attract investments into Romanias rural areas and to combat low access to employment and employment
opportunitiestogetherwiththelackofeducationresources(underTO9InthecontextofESIFunds20142020,
LEADER contributes to the thematic objective 9 promoting social inclusion and combating poverty translated
into the Union priority 6 for rural development promotion of social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic
developmentinruralareasandthefocusarea6(b)fosteringlocaldevelopmentinruralareas);
For deprived areas within urban centres (towns/cities from Romania with deprived areas/neighbourhoods)
for example, CLLD can reduce the risk of poverty or exclusion, especially for vulnerable groups, decrease the
numberofpeoplelivinginpovertyparticularlyinregionsandterritoryfacinghighrateofpovertyandtoincrease
thenumberofparticipantsgainingqualificationinsocialservicesuponleavingtheESFfundedoperations(under
TO9),topicthatcanbefurtherdevelopedwithintheOperationalProgrammesconsideringtherelevantcriteriafor
disadvantagedcommunities;
Forfisheriesandcoastalareaswheretherearefisheriesactivitiesandaquaculturefarms,CLLDwillbeused
tostrengthenthelinkbetweenagriculture,fisheries,aquaculture,forestryandresearchandinnovation,toincrease
the potential of aquaculture sites, to promote new sources of income, inside the sectors (processing, marketing
activities) and outside the sector (environment, tourism, education activities), to protect and encourage
biodiversity, to encourage the establishment, organization and functioning of producingprocessingmarketing
chain.CLLD willalsobeusedinorder tocombat,poorworkingconditionsrelatedtohealthandsafetyonboard
inlandandmarinefishingvesselsandtheriskofpovertyorexclusionforpeoplelivingindisadvantagedregionsand
territory(underTO3andTO9).
The coordination and administrative setup for CLLD is concerned, as well as the specific role the local action
groups(LAGs),Romaniahasthefollowingoptions:
IncaseofCLLDforurbanareas,andsmalltownswithapopulationofupto20.000inhabitants),amultifund
financing for integrated development strategies will be used considering a Common Selection Committee
(ERDF+ESF)forsuchtypeofstrategies,committeeestablishedbetweenrelevantManagingAuthorities.
Forruralareas,LEADERfundingthroughtheNationalRuralDevelopmentProgramme(RDP)willbeprovided
forEAFRDandisdeterminedonthebasisoftheRegulationonsupportforruraldevelopmenttoaminimum

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Basedonthemethologydevelopedwithinaprojectaimingatpovertymapping,implementedbyWorldBankincooperationwithMRDPA
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 mandatoryallocationof5%.AnewcompetitionprocessfortheLAGswillbefinancedusingtheexperience
alreadyachievedthroughLEADERinrespectoflocaldevelopment.
FisheriesLocalActionsGroups(FLAG)willbesupportedtodraftlocalstrategiesforthenextprogrammingperiodin
coastalareas,DanubeRiver,DanubeDeltaandinlandfisheriesandaquacultureareas.Also,acallforexpressionof
interestwillbelaunchedfornewpartnershipstohelpthemintheprocessofdraftinglocalstrategiesinfisheries
areas.In order to ensure a good elaboration and coordination of ITI Danube Delta strategy, an Interministerial
WorkingGrouphasbeenestablishedatthelevelofMinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandPublicAdministration.
Alltherelevantstakeholdersfromlocal,regionalandcentrallevelwillbeinvolved.Themainfunctionwillbethe
elaboration of the strategy, but also to analyse the potential overlapping, synergies and complementarities
betweenITIDanubeDeltastrategyandotherterritorialstrategies(CLLD).ThisGroupwillbepartoftheinstitutional
coordination mechanism, proposed for next programing period detailed in chapter 2.1 (Level 3 Functional
WorkingGroups).
ThecomplementarityofLAGandFLAGregardingCLLDwillbeensuredconsideringthatlocalterritorialstrategies
draftedbytheLAGsandFLAGscanidentifyprojectsthatcanbefinancedbyvariousfundsbutintheframeworkof
NRDP and EMFF OP the financing of the actions/operations will be mono fund solely. In this respect, the
coordination of the strategies will be ensured through dedicated working groups between relevant stakeholders
underthecoordinationofMEF,togetherwiththeestablishmentofanappropriatemechanismforcoordinationand
cooperation at the level of the future operational programmes. In order to ensure coherence and quality of the
local development strategies for urban or rural areas preparatory support will be provided through future
operationalprogramme.
3.1.2 INTEGRATEDTERRITORIALINVESTMENT
The Integrated Territorial Investments (ITIs) will use the placebased approach, stimulating the integrated
developmentandthecrosssectoralcooperationatsubregionallevel,thusleadingtosynergiesbetweenESIFunds
and other financing sources (e.g. national or local budget) and avoiding the funding of divergent or disparate
projects. ITI is an instrument promoting the integrated use of Funds and has the potential to lead to a better
aggregateoutcomeforthesameamountofpublicinvestment.
RomaniawilluseITIinstrumentwithpriorityintheDanubeDeltaBiosphereReserve(auniqueterritorywithvery
specific features: sparse and isolated population, economical specialisation and vulnerability, poor access to
services, etc.); the elaboration of the integrated strategy for this area has started with World Bank expertise
togetherwiththelocalrelevantauthorities;thestrategywillbeimplementedthroughanActionPlanelaborated
also with World Bank expertise, that will include the proposed interventions and the mechanisms of
implementationwiththeuseofallESIFunds.
The strategic coordination of ESI Funds 20142020 will be ensured through the Management Partnership
Agreement Steering Committee. Two subsequent levels of coordination, Thematic steering subcommittees and
theFunctionalWorkingGroups,willsupporttheMPASCactivities(seechapter2.1).
Astheterritorialapproachesaregoingtobeimplementedintheframeworkoftheoperationalprogrammes,the
monitoring of their implementation will be done through the Monitoring Committee of each operational
programmeandtheircontributiontotherelevantprioritieswillbeintegratedintheOPsevaluationplans.
IntheframeworkofEAFRD,supportwillalsobeprovidedforinvestmentsinDanubeDeltaareaandcompensatory
payments for income losses for agrienvironmental practices and areas with specific natural constraints in the
DanubeDeltaBiosphereReserve.
AnindicativefinancialallocationtoITIotherthanthoseforsustainableintegratedurbandevelopment
Priority Fund Indicativefinancialallocation(unionsupport)(EUR)
RegionalOperationalProgramme20142020
PriorityAxis3 15,180,000
PriorityAxis4 42,710,000
PriorityAxis5 19,470.000
ERDF
PriorityAxis6 22,260,000
PriorityAxis7 16,000,000
PriorityAxis9 14,000,000
CompetitivenessOperationalProgramme20142020
PriorityAxis1 45,000,000
ERDF
PriorityAxis2 21,000,000
HumanCapitalOperationalProgramme20142020
PriorityAxis1 ESF 8,000,000
PriorityAxis2 6,000,000
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 PriorityAxis3 13,500,000
PriorityAxis4 6,500,000
PriorityAxis5 12,000,000
AdministrativeCapacityOperationalProgramme20142020
PriorityAxis1 6,000,000
ESF
PriorityAxis2 6,000,000
TechnicalAssistanceOperationalProgramme20142020
PriorityAxis1 ERDF 700,000,000
Total 253,620,000

3.1.3 SUSTAINABLEURBANDEVELOPMENT
Sustainableurbandevelopmentapproachprovidedunderarticle7oftheERDFRegulationwillbeimplementedby
establishing a priority axis within Regional Operational Programme 20142020 combining relevant investment
priorities and thematic objectives in accordance with point (c) of the first subparagraph of Article 96(1) of
Regulation(EU)No.1303/2013.
The principles for urban areas to be identified for the promotion and implementation of integrated actions for
sustainabledevelopmentarethefollowing:
Thecontributionofthecitiestosocioeconomicdevelopmentofregions;
Promotionofanintegratedpolicyapproachtolocaldevelopment;
Theadministrativecapacityoflocalauthoritiestoimplementintegratedurbandevelopmentstrategies.
Duringthefinancialperiod20142020thesupportforthegrowthpoleswillbecontinuedsimilarwith20072013
approachbenefitingforaringfencedestimatedallocation.Inadditiontothesupportforthegrowthpoles,other
territorial development approach (such as urban development poles, local development centres etc.) will be
sustained.Inordertotackleterritorialimbalances,basedontheidentifiedneeds,resourceswillbeallocatedfrom
allESIFunds,throughthenecessaryprogramsandpriorityaxis.
From the urban development perspective, priority measures are: improving environmental quality in urban
areas, supporting the development of basic infrastructure and urban mobility for Romanian cities and
regenerationandrevitalizationofurbanareas.
Romania's development strategies (Spatial Development Strategy and National Strategy for Regional
Development), aim to ensure a balanced and sustainable development of the national territory, to increase
competitivenessinthegrowthareas,whileensuringsocialandenvironmentalprotection,emphasizingtheroleof
regionsinpromotingnationalgrowthtakingintoaccounttheirpotential.
The main policy lines regarding integrated territorial development are in accordance with National Spatial
DevelopmentStrategyandWorldBankstudyCompetitivecities.ReshapingtheeconomicgeographyinRomania
andimplythefollowingactions:
stimulatingthecompetitivenessofmainurbanagglomerationsasdevelopmentenginesoftheregionsand
supportingtheiraccesstoglobalflowsandmarkets(national/internationallevel);
ensuringbetterconnectionsofthelessdevelopedareastothedevelopmentenginesandstimulatingthe
cooperationofcitieswiththeirhinterlandinordertoconcentratetheavailableresourcesandtoallowthe
laggingareastobenefitasmuchaspossiblefromthespillovereffects(regionallevel);
ensuring the equitable access to services of general interest and supporting the deprived communities
(locallevel),inordertoincreasethequalityoflifeinallthecitiesandregions.
Inordertoensureabetterurbandevelopmentinvestmentsinthefollowingareasneedstobedone:increaseof
energy efficiency in cities, encouraging the use of renewable energy in order to ensure the quality of the
environmentandthereductionofCO2emissions,increasingofgreenareasinpublicspacesandpromotingofnon
motorized mobility in order to reduce air pollution, renovation and modernization of historic centres and public
spaces,development/rehabilitation/modernizationsportsinfrastructureandmultifunctionalcentres.
The economy of the cities is based on the mobility of persons and goods together with the state and quality of
physical urban infrastructure. The essential conditions for an optimal functioning of cities are: accessibility to
labourmarket,attractivenessforbusinessenvironment,tourism,culture,etc.,allinfluencedbytheexistenceand
qualityofpublicinfrastructure.Despiteinvestmentsinrecentyears,thebasicinfrastructureofcitiesisstillinan
inappropriate shape, a series of actions and measures will be undertaken for: development, modernization and
promotion of the sustainable public urban transport, promotion of social inclusion including disabled persons in
Romaniancities,increasingthequalityofpublicspaceandensuringanattractiveurbanlandscape,elaborationand
implementationofurbandevelopmentintegratedstrategies,focusedandadaptedtolocalspecificconditionsasa

135
toolforinclusionofmarginalizedcommunities.Intermsofobjectivesthataretobefinancedinalltypesofcities
theseare:improvingthethermalinsulationofresidentialstockbuildingsandofpublicbuildings,promotingurban
transport,investmentsinpubliclightning,urbanrevitalizationandregeneration.
An integrated approach for sustainable urban development will be obtained through an investment correlation
mechanism defined at the level of ROP 20142020 priority axis. This will ensure the complementarity of
investments with other operational programs through financing prioritization of the projects that are part of
integratedurbandevelopmentstrategies,throughthecoordinationlevelspresentedinchapter2.1.
An integrated approach will look not only at geographic coverage, but also at functional coverage and sectoral
synergies.Institutionalframeworksgoverningfunctionalurbanareasandimplementationandmonitoringoflocal
strategies, will be better addressed for ensuring enhanced capacity building. Better policy correlations with
economicdevelopmentpolicieshavingaterritorialdimensionwillbeconsidered.
TheindicativeallocationatnationalleveltointegratedactionssustainableurbandevelopmentunderERDF
Fund Theindicativeallocationatnationallevelto ProportionofthetotalallocationtotheFund(%)
integratedactionssustainableurban
developmentunderERDF(EUR)

ERDF 2,651,560,000 24.44%

3.1.4TERRITORIALCOOPERATION
Macroregionalstrategies:EUStrategyforDanubeRegion
Due to its geographical position, Romania has a specific predestination for interfacing, mediating, connecting
worlds,cultures,businesses.ThisisoneofthemainreasonswhyRomaniatogetherwithAustriainitiatedtheEU
StrategyforDanubeRegion(EUSDR).Romaniasunderstandingofthemacroregionalstrategiesisthatabovethe
traditional European territorial cooperation instruments, macro regional strategies create a new platform of
cooperationmoreconsistentandsubstantial.Developmentresourcesofthecooperatingcountriesareconsidered
together in a complementary, integrated way for a more inclusive, more intelligent and more sustainable
developmentoftheDanuberegionandeachcountryitself.ImplementationoftheRomaniandevelopmentstrategy
canbeleveragedbytheimplementationofEUSDRobjectives,andviceversa.
Inthisrespectthethematicobjectivesandinvestmentprioritieswillbeinclosecorrelationwiththeobjectivesand
targets set in the EUSDR Action Plan, foreseeing an alignment of policies and funding, based on the integrated
EUSDR approach. The interventions will take into consideration the following areas: transport infrastructure
(bridgesorotherpossibilitiesofcrossingriver;rehabilitationofportinfrastructureanddevelopmentofintermodal
andlogisticnodes),investmentsineducation,training,lifelonglearning,promotinginvestmentsforprevention
and risk management, development of electronic services, settlements network (connection between Danube
River and Bucharest; facilitation of crossborder cooperation between pair cities along Danube), environment
(preservationandprotectionoftheruralprotectedareasalongtheDanubeRiver,especiallyintheDanubeDelta),
social issues (improving social infrastructure education and healthcare in the Danube adjacent counties),
economy (valorization of agricultural, energy and tourism potential of the Danube area), and promotion of the
tourismandculture.ItisalsoimportanttomentionthefutureDanubetransnationalcooperationprogramthatwill
befundedfromERDF,IPAandENI.Thecontentofthisprogramwillbecompletedinthecourseof2014hisroleis
to finance the preparation of small and medium sized projects with a macro regional impact within Danube
Strategy.Romania'sprogrammingofESIFundsin201420hasbeendesignedtomakeasubstantialcontributionto
theachievementoftheobjectivesoftheEUSDR.ThethreadingoftheEUSDRthroughtheRomania'sPartnership
AgreementrelativetoPillarsandthePriorityAreasoftheEUSDRisdetailedinAnnexIII.
ThesystemofEUSDRrecommendationlettersofthefutureprojectswillcreateaspecificpressureontheactivityof
the EUSDR steering groups, for the 3 priority areas in which Romania is designated as priority area coordinator
(PA1.1NavigabilitytogetherwithAustria,PA3Tourism,culture,peopletopeopletogetherwithBulgariaandPA5
Environmentalrisks/togetherwithHungary)Romaniaispreparedto:
CreateaproperinformationandcommunicationICTinstrumenttofacilitategenerationandpromotionof
EUSDR relevant projects. This will be built and operated in Romania and proposed for adoption in the EUSDR
EuropeanlevelgovernancestructuresandiscurrentlyfinancedfromtheRomanianCompetitivenessOP.
Prepare proper communication between the EUSDR governance structures and the OP management
authoritiestroughthecoordinationstructuresandmechanismproposedforESIFunds.

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 Support the efforts aiming to institutionalize the cooperation mechanisms necessary to implement
transnationalobjectivesadoptedinEUSDR.Inordertobuildpropercapacity,competenciesofthestaffworkingin
EUSDRgovernancestructuresshallbeconsideredthesametothoseneededforESIFundsmanagement.
BlackSea.ThemainobjectiveoftheBlackSeaSynergyistobuildupcooperationintheBlackSearegion.Itoffers
theguidelinesfortheimplementationofconcreteandpragmaticprojectsofcooperationbetweenwiderBlackSea
region states and the EU, in areas such as: democracy, human rights, good governance, border management,
protractedconflicts,energy,transports,environment,maritimepolicy,fishing,migration,education,researchand
development. Romania is actively committed to the implementation of the Black Sea Synergy through the
developmentofsectoralpartnerships,assuggestedintheReportonthefirstyearofimplementationoftheBlack
Sea Synergy and to other pragmatic projects that benefit the region and the EU. Romania underlines the
importance of moving on to a concrete complementarity between the principles of implementation of the Black
SeaSynergyandthemultilateraldimensionoftheEasternPartnership,thesetwoEuropeaninitiativesbeingnowin
the phase of implementation of the projects and the recommendations proposed in the networks established
undertheiraegis,bothatregionalandmacroregionallevels.
IntegratedMaritimePolicy.BlueGrowthStrategyhighlightsthepotentialcontributionofthemarineandmaritime
sectorstowardstheobjectivesoftheEurope2020strategyforsmart,sustainableandinclusivegrowth.Amongthe
priorityareasofcooperationareincludedareasofinterventionrelatedtocoastalandmarineeconomicactivities
identifiedintheEUStrategyfortheBlueGrowth,includingblueenergy,marine,coastalandcruisetourism,blue
biotechnology,marineclustersandothers;activitiesforprevention,reductionandcontrolofpollutionoftheBlack
Sea.
WithitslocationontheDanubeandtheBlackSeaCoast,manyofthesectorsandthefocusareaswithintheBlue
GrowthstrategyhavehighormediumrelevanceinthecontextofRomaniasnationalandlocaldevelopment,asit
canbeseeninAnnexIV.
RomaniahasrecognisedmaritimeclusterstheSouthEastregion,inwhichtheportsofConstantaandMangaliaare
located,appraisalofRomaniasresearchand innovationcapacityinthecontextofsmart specialisation189reveals
competencesinmanyareasthatarerelevanttothebluegrowthsectorsorfocusareas.
Romania'sprogrammingofESIFundsin20142020hasbeendesignedtomakeasubstantialcontributiontoBlue
Growth.Romania'sPartnershipAgreementcontains:
specificFundingPrioritiesaddressingBlueEconomySectorsorBlueEconomyFocusAreasidentifiedashigh
relevance in the table from Annex IV. Examples relate to promotion of Aquaculture with EMFF support and the
promotionofInlandWaterwayTransportwithCohesionFundSupport.
general Funding Priorities of potential relevance to Blue Economy Sectors or Blue Economy Focus Areas
identified as medium relevance in the table below. These are dependent on projects being prioritised from the
bottomup,forexample,thescopeforsupportfortourismundertheRegionalOperationalProgramme(ERDF)may
beexpectedtoresultinaprojectproposalformarinadevelopmentthatwouldcontributetotheCoastalTourism
andtheYachtingandMarinasSectorsandtotheBlueGrowthFocusAreaofCoastalTourism.(Complementarityof
ESIfundswiththeBlueGrowthStrategyinAnnexIV).
TheMinistryofEuropeanFundswillfacilitatedialogueacrossrelevantministries,agenciesandstakeholdergroups
to determine whether further, dedicated, coordination is appropriate in the context of the Integrated Maritime
Strategy.
Europeanterritorialcooperation
European territorial cooperation (ETC) is particularly important both from political and economic point of view,
focusing on common priorities within specific territories, therefore bringing added value to reach a balanced
regional development at the EU level. The cooperation programmes have a significant contribution towards
targetingtheterritorialintegrationincrossborderandtransnationalareas,whichrepresentsoneoftheterritorial
challengesofRomania.
The agreement on the areas to be financed under these programmes follows the decisionmaking procedure
specific to the ETC objective, aiming for a better coordination between the ESI Funds, especially in case of the
regionalprogrammesandotherEUfinancinginstruments,inordertocreateandexploitsynergies,atalllevelsof
cooperation. Thus, measures are envisaged for the future cooperation programmes both in planning and
implementationphases.
For20142020,Romaniaisinvolvedinthefollowingcooperationprogrammes:

189
Source:OveArup&PartnersIreland,AnalysisandEvidenceBaseoftheR&D&IMarketinRomania(2013),orderedbytheMinistryofNationalEducation
andfinancedbyJaspers.
137
 7 programmes belonging to the cohesion policy: 2 crossborder cooperation programmes, between
Romania and Bulgaria and between Romania and Hungary, 1 transnational cooperation programme
(Danube), and 4 interregional cooperation programmes (INTERREG EUROPA, URBACT III, INTERACT III,
ESPON2020);
1IPAcrossbordercooperationprogrammebetweenRomaniaandtheRepublicofSerbia;
4crossbordercooperationprogrammesbelongingtotheneighbourhoodpolicy,namelyRomaniaandthe
Republic of Moldova, Romania and Ukraine, at the border between HungarySlovakiaRomaniaUkraine,
and the Black Sea Basin programme, all of them planning to include measures relating to the Integrated
MaritimePolicyandtheEUStrategyforBlueGrowth.
Nevertheless, joint actions under these programmes will target: improve research and innovation, the
development of tourism and promotion of cultural heritage in the border areas, strengthening cooperation
between the relevant communities, supporting the development and improvements of infrastructure, removing
thebottlenecksrelatedtocrossbordertransportflows,wasteandwatertreatment,developingandimplementing
common solutions to joint difficulties, which are often caused by natural environmental conditions, in fields as
climatechangeimpacts,riskpreventionandrisk/disastermanagement.
Development of maritime potential (marine knowledge, protection of marine environment, Maritime Spatial
PlanningandIntegratedMaritimeSurveillance)mayalsobeaddressedthroughjointactions.
In addition, specific actions will be designed in order to enhance cooperation in the energy sector, in order to
increase energy efficiency and reduce pollution, as well as to promote the production, use and distribution of
renewableenergysources.
3.1.5THEINTEGRATEDAPPROACHTOADDRESSTHESPECIFICNEEDSOFGEOGRAPHICALAREASMOST
AFFECTEDBYPOVERTYOROFTARGETGROUPSATHIGHESTRISKOFDISCRIMINATIONORSOCIAL
EXCLUSION,WITHSPECIALREGARDTOMARGINALIZEDCOMMUNITIES,PERSONSWITHDISABILITIES,
LONGTERMUNEMPLOYEDANDYOUNGPEOPLENOTINEMPLOYMENTORTRAINING
InRomania,theextentofpovertyandsocialexclusionisfargreaterthaninmostEUMemberStates,with40.3%of
thepopulationthatwereexposedtosuchrisksin2011,comparedtoanEUaverageofapproximately24%.In2011,
4,74millionfromthetotalRomanianpopulationwereatriskof poverty(withanincomelesserthan60%ofthe
average disposable income), 6,28 million were under sever material deprivation and 1,14 million were living in
householdswithverylowworkintensity.
RomaniahastheEUlargestshareofpopulationlivinginruralareas(45%ofthetotalpopulation)and,accordingto
theNISdatafor2010,theriskofextremepovertyis4timeshigherintheruralareas(8.8%)comparedtotheurban
areas(2.2%).
Intermsofregionaldisparities,theregionalanalysisrevealsthatregionswiththehighestratesofpersonsbeingat
risk of poverty and social exclusion are: NorthEast, South West Oltenia, SouthEast and South Muntenia. At the
oppositeside,wefindtheWestandtheBucharestIlfovregions.Moreover,theWestregionisalsocharacterizedby
a relatively stable rate, while South West region had an obvious negative trend concerning the evolution of the
rate,from55.4%(2007)to21%(2011).
Personsatriskofpovertyorsocialexclusion(%)
Indicator 20072011
Area 2007 2011 Growthrate20072011(%)
Romania 45.9 403 3.3
NordWest 38.3 34.3 2.8
Center 37.6 28.5 6.9
NordEast 55.1 51.2 1.8
SouthEast 51 50 0.5
SouthMuntenia 50.3 43.1 3.9
BucharestIlfov 35.1 28.4 5.3
SouthWestOltenia 55.4 21.0 5.3
West 34.2 33.1 0.8
Source:Eurostat

Theurbanareasaffectedbypovertyincludesmallcitiesconfrontingdemographicageinganddepopulation,mono
industrial(e.g.miningcities),agriculturalcitiesornewlyestablishedcities.Smallcitiesconcentratepovertydueto
poor physical infrastructure (transport, health, education), in addition, they were heavily affected by industrial

138
restructuring and are very vulnerable to industrial and economic reform which has as a main effect low
employmentrateandthusinstableandpoorincome.
Isolated localities in mountainous areas or in the regions along the Danube corridor are subject to the same
negativetrends,duemainlytotheirdifficultgeographicalpositioningandthelimitationsintermsofactivitiesand
employment.Thepovertylevelisveryhighintheseterritoriesandanintegratedapproachisneededinorderto
respondtotheircomplexdevelopmentneeds.
Themappingofpovertyinruralandurbanareasshowsalowerriskofpovertyinrurallocalitieswhichareclosea
largecity.Inareaswheretherearenourbancentres,orontheperipheryofsmallorunderdevelopedcities,the
tendencyisforpovertytoincrease.
InBucharestIlfov,NorthEastandCentreregionstheregisteredratesareunderthenationalaverageconcerning
the share of persons who live in households with very low work intensity. The southern Regions of Romania,
namelySouthWest,SouthMunteniaandSouthEast,alongwithNorthWestregionarethoseinwhichtheshareof
personswholiveinhouseholdswithverylowworkintensity,in20072011,isabovethenationalaverage.
Atthenationallevel,in20072011,theweightofpeopleaffectedbytheseverematerialdeprivationvariedfrom
36.5%(in2007)to29.4%(in2011),havingaconstantnegativetrendintheabovementionedperiodoftime.Atthe
regional level, the regions with the highest rates of the people affected by the severe material deprivation are
NorthEast region, SouthEast and SouthMuntenia regions and SouthWestOltenia region, at the opposite side
beingregionsCenter,WestandNorthWest.
Rateofseverematerialdeprivation
Indicator 20072011
Area 2007 2011 Growthrate
Romania 36.5 29.4 5.4
NordWest 28.8 23.9 4.7
Center 27.2 17.4 11.2
NordEast 42 38.1 2.4
SouthEast 42.3 37 3.3
SouthMuntenia 42 33.4 5.7
BucharestIlfov 32.6 26.1 5.6
SouthWestOltenia 44.1 30.2 9.5
West 25.2 19.7 6.2
Intheruralareas,themainproblemisrepresentedbytraditionalpoverty,associatedwithdeprivationintermsof
housingandthelackofbasicutilities(sewerageandrunningwater):
76.7%fromthepopulationinabsolutepovertywaslocatedinruralareasin2010,theriskatabsolutepoverty
beingfourtimesmajorinruralareas(8.8%),thaninurbanareas(2.2%);
Theriskofrelativepovertyisthreetimesmajorinruralareasbycomparisonwithurbanareas(27%from9%),
also for rural population there is a small percentage of higher education graduates (3% from occupied
population,bycomparisonwith23%inurbanareas);
Demographic aging is more pronounced in rural areas and poorer areas, this tendency will continue and is
anticipatedthatsomeregionswillloseupuntil50%frompopulationuntil2050.
Approachconcerningdeprivedcommunities
Two main types of approach regarding the deprived communities are envisaged for 2014 2020 programming
period:
The use of integrated plans which will entail beside compulsory measures concerning social houses the
complementarymeasuresinthefieldsofeducation,health,socialservicesandemploymentaddressingthespecific
needsfordeprivedcommunitiesinurbanareasidentifiedassuch(undertheformofCLLD);
Soft measures targeting people in need and which are not included in the integrated plans addressed to
deprivedcommunities.
Thegoalofthecomplementarymeasuresistocreatethebasisforincreasingtheemployment,byensuringsome
prerequisites such as: an adequate health status, a minimum level of professional competences, awareness
aboutthepeoplerights,betterlevelsofcommunicationetc.
Regarding the deprived communities in mountainous areas, Romania elaborated at national level the National
Strategic Orientation for the Sustainable Development of the Carpathian Region, which has two objectives:
ensuringacommonfinancingframeworkofthisarea,aswellasincludingthefinancingprioritiesforthemountain
areawithinthefutureEUProgrammes.

139
 TheroleandthecontributionoftheESIFundsintheimplementationoftheintegratedapproachtoaddressthe
specificneedsofgeographicalareasmostaffectedbypovertyortargetgroupsathighestriskofdiscriminationor
socialexclusion.

Specifictargetgroupor Shortdescriptionofthe ESIfundsthatwillbe Maintypesofplannedactionswhich
Programme
geographicalarea needs used arepartoftheintegratedapproach
single parent lack of decent actionstoaddresstheneeds
households and housing/decent ofvulnerablegroupsinorder
households with livingconditions; toimprovetheireducational
three or more lack of stable and participation, their
children constant source integration in the labour
people who are income; market, their access to
jobless or have low combating long housing, health care and
incomes term socialservices;
elderlypeople unemployment; developing an equitable,
Romapeople reducing low sustainable, affordable and
people with educational highqualitysocialassistance
disabilities attainment; system, benefits and social
peoplesufferingfrom early school services for all vulnerable
addictions, affected leaving; groups,includingpreventive,
by domestic violence lack/low level of integrated and innovative
and human professional types of services in order to
trafficking, persons qualifications; address poverty and social
deprivedoflibertyor improve access to inclusionissues;
onprobation health and social supporting the transition
children (from poor services, from the institutional care
families,withparents particularly in rural models to family and
working abroad, in areas and in communitybased care for
residential or family deprived urban children, persons with Human Capital
based child care areas for identified disabilitiesandelderly; Operational
ESF
institutions) vulnerablegroups; exploiting potential in social Programme
lack of social economy models to support
insertion of the and labourmarketintegrationof

persons belonging vulnerable groups thereby
to the deprived creatingsocialinclusion; and

categories enhancing access to quality
reducing the ERDF health care and treatments, RegionalOperational
incidence of including emergency care, Programme
poverty and social primary care, development
exclusion of integrated medical and
experienced by social care services,
vulnerablegroups including at community
level, with focus on the
services provided in
ambulatory settings and
developing integrated
primary health care
specialist with telemedicine
support;
development of social
economy entities
infrastructure;
development of social
services infrastructure,
focusing on community
basedinfrastructure
support for physical,
economic and social
regeneration of deprived
communitiesinurbanareas,

140
 including in the framework
of Communityled Local
Development

4.ARRANGEMENTSTOENSUREEFFICIENTIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPARTNERSHIPAGREEMENTAND
PROGRAMMES(ARTICLE14(2)(B)CPR)

4.1ASSESSMENTOFTHEEXISTINGSYSTEMSFORELECTRONICDATAEXCHANGEANDSUMMARYOF
THEACTIONSPLANNEDTOGRADUALLYPERMITALLEXCHANGESOFINFORMATIONBETWEEN
BENEFICIARIESANDAUTHORITIESRESPONSIBLEFORMANAGEMENTANDCONTROLOFPROGRAMMES
TOBECARRIEDOUTBYELECTRONICDATAEXCHANGE
Theassessmentoftheexistingsystemsforelectronicdataexchange,includinganoverviewofelectronicservices
alreadyavailableforbeneficiaries,hasbeenprovidedwithintheexanteevaluationofthePartnershipAgreement.
Themethodologyadoptedcombineddocumentaryanalysiswiththemostappropriatequalitativeandquantitative
methods,consultationsandplausibilitycheckswithallstakeholdersandsectorexperts.
Thedocumentaryanalysiswasbasedonthenewregulations,theproceduresandregulationsthatareinforceand
the documentation on the electronic systems for data exchange. Information collected from interviews with
administratorsorcoordinatorsoftheelectronicsystemswereaddedtotheresultsofthedocumentaryanalysis.
Theevaluatorspreparedanefficientchecklistcoveringthefullrangeoffactorsthatarerelevanttothequestion
relatedtoelectronicsystems.Thelistcovers:easeofuse,reducedadministrativeburden,dataaggregation,data
quality, research options, data availability in due time, data security etc. The full data collection needed for the
completionofthechecklistwasachievedbyadditionaltoolslikeonlinequestionnairesandafocusgroup.
Concerning the comprehensiveness of the existing electronic systems for the 20072013 programing period, the
evaluatorsunderlinedthefollowingfindings:
SMISisawebbasedsystemusedonlybyauthoritiesfor6OPs(OPACD,OPTA,ROP,SOPE,SOPIEC,SOPT)
coverstheentireprojectlifecycleandincludesadditionaldedicatedmodulesforprogramming,evaluationand
audit.
MySMISisawebbasedsystemthatallowsdataexchangebetweenbeneficiariesorpotentialbeneficiariesand
authorities.Itisdesignedfor6OPs(OPACD,OPTA,ROP,SOPE,SOPIEC,SOPT),isdevelopedandtested,but
notusedyet.MySMISisintegratedwithSMISandcoverstheentireprojectlifecycle.
ActionWebisawebbasedsystemthatallowsdataexchangebetweenbeneficiariesorpotentialbeneficiaries
and authorities, used for SOP HRD. It covers the entire project life cycle and is complemented by ASEP, a
webbasedapplicationusedfortheevaluationoftheproposedprojects.Dataistransferredelectronicallyfrom
ActionWeb to ASEP. It is also complemented by SIMPOSDRU, a system that incorporates a reporting tool
allowinggenerationofvariouspredefinedorcustomreportsfortheuseofauthorities.Itextractstheneeded
datafromthedatabaseofActionWeb.
MISETC is used only by authorities, for all four ETC OPs. It covers the entire project life cycle and includes
additional dedicated modules for programming, evaluation and audit. It is complemented by MISETC Web
Application,anintegratedwebbasedextensioncomprisingthreemodules:
eSubmissionforpotentialbeneficiariesdeveloped,butnotusedyet;
eEvaluationforevaluatorsofproposedprojects;
eMonitoring for input of data by beneficiaries, about their expenditures within the project
developed,butnotusedyet.
SPCDRisusedonlybyauthorities,forruraldevelopment,coveringtheentireprojectlifecycle
SIMPOPisusedonlybyauthorities,forfisheries,coveringtheentireprojectlifecycle.
Conclusionsrelatedtocomprehensivenessofexistingelectronicsystems
IntermsoffulfillingminimumrequirementsstemmingfromthenewRegulationsoftheEuropeanCommission
fortheprogrammingperiod20142020,theonlyareaofconcernremainsthespecificeCohesionrequirement
forfullimplementationoftheelectronicdataexchangebetweenbeneficiariesandauthorities.Atpresent,
withtheexistingelectronicsystems,thisareaispracticallyuncovered.Theexceptionsarefewandextremely
limited.
TheMySMISsystemthatwasdevelopedrecentlyandthathasjustundergonethetestingstage,promisesto
solvemostissuesofthatproblem.Forthe6OPsthesystemwasdesignedfor,MySMISwouldfulfilentirelythe
eCohesionrequirements.
141
 SinceruraldevelopmentandfisheriesarenotcoveredbytheminimalrequirementsofeCohesion,onlySOP
HRD and the 4 OPs for ETC (would) remain uncovered. For SOP HRD, the ActionWeb system is successfully
usedsince2008,butitsscopeisstilllimitedatpresent,notcoveringalleCohesionrequirements.MISETChas
implemented eMonitoring, a module of MISETC Web Application, but this module is even more limited,
dealingonlywiththebeneficiarysexpenditures,outofthewholeareaofdata.
TheFocusGroupconfirmed,withminorityofdifferentopinions,thatMySMISshouldbetheonesystemdeveloped
furtherandusedastheonlysystemrespondingtotheecohesionrequirements.
Asregardsthenationallegalframeworkthatshouldsupportthefulfillmentoftheecohesionrequirements,allkey
piecesareinplace,beingregulatedbytheRomanianlawsrelatingtoelectronicsignature,archivingofelectronic
documents,electronictimestampingofdocumentsorprotectionofpersonaldata.
Intermsofqualityoftheexistingelectronicsystems,theresultsofthisevaluationshowthatmanyimprovements
are needed in various aspects. As a general image, the electronic systems are in place, they fulfill the minimum
requirements,buttheydonotexcel.Theareawheremostofthesystemscouldbeimprovedrelatestosatisfying
theusersneeds(predefinedreports,revisionintermsoffeaturesanddatacontentassuchtobecomemoreuser
oriented).
Key recommendations made by the evaluation report are relating to finalizing implementation of MySMIS and
extendingittomeettheneedsoftheETCandESFtypeprogrammes.
Preparationfor20142020
The new programming period represents an opportunity to consolidate the experience of 20072013 in the
preparation of new improved electronic systems that will fully respond to article 63(4) of the CPR regarding the
exchangesofinformationbetweenMSandCOM,aswellastothearticle112(3)oftheCPR(ecohesion).
In this sense, four systems for data exchange will be developed at national level taking also into account the
improvementsunderlinedbytheexanteevaluation.
SMIS2014+/MySMISwillcoversixoperationalprogrammes(ROP,ACOP,LIOP,COMPOP,HCOP,TAOP)
undertheresponsibilityofMEF;
aninformationsystemfortheEuropeanTerritorialCooperationunderMRDPAresponsibility;
aninformationsystemforNRDPandoneforOPFMA,undertheresponsibilityofMARD.
SMIS2014+
SMIS 2014+ will assure the exchanges of information with COM (SFC2014) and will contain the relevant
information,rulesandcontrolsforERDF,CFandESFasspecifiedinthegeneralregulationandinthedelegatedand
implementingacts.
Therelevantinformationisrelatedtoprogramming/monitoring/evaluation/financialmanagement/verificationand
auditandwillcoveronlytheprogrammesfundedbyERDF,CFandESF,exceptthoseundertheEuropeanTerritorial
Developmentgoal.
MySMIS (ecohesion) has been developed recently and was designed to facilitate the electronic information
exchangewithbeneficiaries.MySMISisfullyintegratedthemainregulatoryelements190oftheecohesionrelated
totechnicalcharacteristicsforfunctioningofthecomputersystemandtoreducetheadministrative burdenfor
beneficiaries,onlyonceencodingprinciple,interoperabilityandallexchangesofinformation.
Summaryofactionsplanned
Elaboration of the system concept based on the new institutional and procedural framework and
contracting the software application development services for SMIS 2014+ / MySMIS 2014+ (January
December2014)
Developingoftheelectronicmanagementsystem(JanuaryDecember2014)
TestingphaseandenterintoproductionoftheSMIS2014+(SeptemberDecember2014)
TrainingforSMIS2014+/MySMIS2014+users(SeptemberDecember2014)
LaunchinguseSMIS2014+/MySMIS2014+(December2014).
InformationsystemfortheEuropeanTerritorialCooperationProgrammes(PROETC2014)
DuetoobsoletetechnologyoftheolderMISforETC,anewelectronicdatamanagementsystemwillbedeveloped
and implemented. The new system will be based on the lessons learnt during 20072013 period and will ensure
simplificationoftheEuropeanterritorialcooperationprograms/projectsmanagement.

190
InaccordancewithImplementingactontherulesconcerningelectronicinformationexchangewithbeneficiaries
142
Thenewelectronicdatamanagementsystem(PROETC2014)willbedevelopedforRomanianBulgariaCrossborder
Cooperation Programme 20142020. This system will be used as pilot for the other crossborder programmes
financed through IPA or ENI for which Romania fulfil Managing Authority function. It will enable interoperability
withtheother3systemsforInvestmentforgrowthandjobsgoal.
The system will provide to potential beneficiaries on line access in order to ensure the electronic exchange of
informationrelatedtoprojectssubmitted(frontoffice).FortheManagingAuthoritiesthesystemwillbeatoolto
processtheinformationrecordedbybeneficiariesandmanagetheprogramme.Inthiswaythemanagementand
implementingprocessoftheprogrammeswillbesimplifiedandtheadministrativeburdenreduced.
Fromthetechnicalpointofviewthesystemwillbedevelopedbasedontherecenttechnologiesavailable(open
source). The main characteristics of the future system are user friendly, simplification, reduced administrative
burden for beneficiary and managing authoritys users, upgrading facilities, data integrity and confidentiality,
authenticationoftheusersbasedonmultilevelaccess,audittrail,searchinginformationetc.
Themodulesandbasicfunctionsofthesystem:
onlineuserregistrationfunction,modulemanagement/securityofaccessrightsandusers;
programming module with the following functions: data visualization of the program, configuration
functionofthecallsforproposal;
project module with the following functions: online registration of the calls for proposal, function for
recordingonlinethecontractsandinvoices,onlineregistrationfunctionforreimbursementclaims;
project management module with the following functions: validation projects, project appraisal process,
selectionandcontractingprojects,monitoringfunctionofthereimbursementclaims/progressreports;
cash flow module: function payments, debit function, function for monthly declaration of expenditure,
function generation for declaration of expenditure to the EC, the management function of the loaded
document;
reportgenerationmoduleetc.
Summaryofactionsplanned
Elaborationofthesystemconceptandcontractingthetechnicalassistance(November2013)
Developingandimplementationofthemanagementsystem(December2014)
TestingphaseandenterintoproductionofthePROETC2014(March2015)
InformationsystemforRuralDevelopmentProgramme
In the actual common framework, the payments from EAFRD are made by 2 paying agencies PARDF and PIAA.
SPARD (System for Processing Applications for Rural Development) is designed for the investments projects
submittedunderNRDPandismanagedbyPARDF.Thesystemisbasedonacoupleoflargecategoriesofworkflows
formanagementoftheNRDPmeasuresandhorizontalworkflowsfortheimplementationofNRDP.
Theinformaticsystemismodular,designedtoenableitsfurtherexpansionandintegrationwithotherinformatic
systems. The architecture of the system is compliant with the internal working procedures and the legislative
frameworkinforceatthetimeofimplementation.Theflexibilityandmodularitycharacteristicsofthesystemallow
tobeadaptedtotheproceduralandlegislativechangesinarelativelyshorttimeandwithminimaldevelopment
effort. For efficient information system infrastructure management, centralized mechanisms are implemented in
terms of operation and management. The users can access the system from the workstations in the county,
regionalandcentraloffices.
IACS (Integrated Administration and Control System) is the informatic system managed by PIAA for NRDP axis 2
area related payments. Under Community legislation, the management of Community funds (EAGF and area
related EAFRD measures) and supporting control applications submitted by farmers must be used as a binding
instrumentoftheIACS.Thissystemensuresthesecurityandeliminatespossibilitiesoffraud,requiresspecialized
personnel,equippedwithcomputersandofficeequipmentsuitablefortheprocessofsubmissionofapplicationsby
farmers.
IncaseofNationalRuralDevelopmentProgramme,duetothespecificityofitsbeneficiaries(thelackofcomputers,
computer operating knowledge and internet coverage in rural areas), a mandatory electronic data exchange
systembetweenbeneficiariesandresponsibleauthoritieswillnotbesetupforthenextprogrammingperiod(also
havinginviewthatforEAFRDthisrequirementisnotcompulsory).
Thecurrentsystemsapplicableforinvestmentprojectsandarearelatedpaymentswillbeupdatedbasedonthe
newdesignoftheprogrammeandtheimplementationflowsetupforeachmeasure.Thesystemwillrecordkey
information on each operation and beneficiary selected for funding, as well as on key stages of the project
implementationneededformonitoring,controlandevaluation
143
Summaryofactionsplannedinthisrespectare:
Analysisoftheproceduralinfluencesovertheactualfunctionalitiesdevelopedintheinformationsystems;
Developmentoftherequirementsinviewofupdatingtheactualinformationsystems;
Testingandimplementationoftheupdatedinformationsystems.
Intermsofadministrativeburdenreductionthefollowingactionsareenvisaged:
availabilityofelectronicfinancingandpaymentforms(whichalsohaveareasofautomaticcalculations);
theposibilitytosubmitelectronicprogressreportsformonitoringpurposes;
forarearelatedmeasures,onlinesubmissionofpaymentapplicationsisintroduced;
PIAAhasalreadysignedagreementswithcommercialbanksthereforpaymentsfornaturalpersonswillbe
madeonlythroughinformationsystems.
In addition, a sustained campaign for awareness and information of the target groups is intended in view of a
gradualtransitiontousageofinformationsystemsintherelationwithauthorities.
An important step is the interface between the two paying agencies, responsible with the implementation and
payment within the programme and other administrative bodies with different roles in providing certifications,
approvals and authorizations for the beneficiaries projects that will ensure some degree of simplification and
reductioninadministrativeburdenforbothbeneficiariesandauthorities.
InformationsystemforFisheriesandMaritimeAffairsOperationalProgramme(MISFMAOP20142020)
The current information system MISFOP20072013 is designed to provide data regarding the programming,
monitoringimplementation,financialmanagement,auditchecksandevaluationoftheprogramme.Themainusers
of MISFMAOP are Management Authority, Certification Authority, Audit Authority and Paying Agency. The
informationforbeneficiariesareprovidedthroughwww.madr.roandwww.ampeste.ro(theprogressofappraisal
process,contractedprojects,FOPimplementingstatus,etc.).
Thearchitectureoftheinformaticsystemisstructuredbymodulesandcovertheentireprojectlifecyclestarting
with the appraisal process (project application registration, checks of the compliance criteria and eligibility,
selection of the eligible applications), contracting, payments authorization (reimbursement claims registration,
verificationandauthorizationforpayment,generationofthepayments,issuingtheauthorizedpayments,importin
theaccountingsystem).
Thesystemcouldgeneratereportsandstatisticsrelatedtoirregularities,debitregister,fundsflowfromManaging
AuthoritytoCertifyingAuthorityandtoEuropeanCommission.
There have been also developed a module dedicated for the management of the project submitted within FLAG
whichfollowthesameinformationflowadaptedtotheparticularfeatureofFLAGapplication.
The system ensures the data integrity, security and confidentiality for all users due to the multilevel granted
access,andrecoverymanagementofthedatabase.
For the future programming period technical assistance will be contracted in order to prepare the Fisheries and
Maritime Affairs Operational Programme 20142020. This assistance will include also an analysis of the
MISFOP20072013 in order to identify the compliance of the system with new regulations requirements and
developthesystemaccordingly.

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ANNEXES















146
 ANNEXI

SWOTANALYSISandSMARTGROWTH

ASWOTanalysishasbeenusedtodistilthefullNeedsAnalysisandtocrystallisethekeystrategicissues.Whereas
socioeconomic analysis examines issues in isolation, the SWOT analysis explores how issues interact and the
implicationsformakingprogressunderthestrategy.Furthermore,theSWOTAnalysisisanaidtoidentifyinghigh
levelprioritiesandfacilitatesconsiderationoftheirrelativeweighting.
Table 1 set out the summary of strategic issues191. As the SWOT analysis is classically used in a competitiveness
context,thegenericdirectionsofdevelopmentexploredaretypicallyonthefollowinglines:
Increasenumberofbusinesses.
Grow/Improveperformanceofexistingbusinessbase.
Developnewareasofbusiness.
Attractmobileinvestment.
Attractvisitorexpenditure.
Expandexporting.
Collectively,thesesixdirectionsofdevelopmentbroadlyconformtothepossibilitiesundertheconceptofSmart
Growth. This has been complemented in this context with consideration of Sustainable Growth and Inclusive
Growth.
ThedistributionofstrategicissuesseeninTable2andthefollowingdiscussionmakesclear:
SustainableGrowthisessentiallyaboutthemannerinwhichSmartGrowthispursued.
InclusiveGrowthisprimarilyconcernedwithaddressingweaknesses.

TABLE1:SWOTANALYSIS:SUMMARYOFSTRATEGICISSUES
Strengths
S1: Competitive Sectors provide a small proportion of
employment
S2:Largepopulationandconsumerbase
S3:Largeworkforcewithgoodinitialeducation.
S4:PublicResearchInfrastructureWithCompetencesRelevant
toGrowthSectors
S5:Goodqualitynaturalandculturalassets
S6:Improvingexternalconnectivity.
S7:Endowmentofenergyassetsandsecurityofsupply.
S8:StrongNGOswithsocialeconomypotential.
Opportunities
O1: Potential for relatively strong manufacturing and high T1:Increasedexposuretointernationalcompetition.
value added services companies SMEs to penetrate dynamic T2:GrowthtrendinEuropeanandWorldmarkets.
markets
Weaknesses
W1: Less competitive sectors account for a large proportion
ofemployment.
W2:Lowbusinessdensity
W3:Lowrateofformationofgrowthorientedbusinesses.
W4:Lowlevelofbusinessinvestment
W5: Low level of investment in R&D and weak linkage
betweenR&Dbaseandbusiness.
W6:Businessfinancialservicesmarketfailure
W7:Lowemploymentdensity
W8: Weak performance in education and transition to the
worldofwork
W9:Lowintensityofskillsandskillsshortages
W10: High energy intensity of industry and low energy
efficiencyindomesticandbusinesssectors.
W11:WeakInternalconnectivity
W12: Incomplete broadband availability and low level of
computerliteracy
W13:Weakenvironmentalinfrastructureandservices.
W14:Weakadministrativeandgovernancecapacity
W15: Gross deficits and spatial disparities in public service
provision.
W16: Dispersal and spatial concentration of weakness in
humanresourceandeconomicactivity
W17:Lowdisposableincome
Threats
T3:Internationalmobilityofcapital

147
O2: Market potential for SMEs in existing and emerging T4:Marketliberalisation
internationalmarkets T5:Risingenergyprices
O3: Potential for SMEs to exploit new product and service T6:Climatechange,relatedimpactsandregulation
markets and new marketing channels arising from T7:Internationalcompetitionforskills
technologicalinnovation. T8:MassInternalMigration
O4: Potential for SMEs to exploit new product and service T9:Romania'sInternationalObligations
marketsarisingfromenvironmentalawareness.
O5:MarketpotentialforSMEsinsocialandlocalservices.
O6:Internationalmobilityofcapital.
O7:Agriculturalrationalisationandreform
O8:egovernment,ehealthandeeducation

TABLE2:ASSESSMENTOFINTERACTIONOFSTRATEGICISSUES
Fundamental
CriticalInternal
Characteristicsof PotentialDirectionsof RelevantExploitable CriticalExternal
RelevantOpportunities Constraints
National/Regional Development Strengths Constraints(Threats)
(Weaknesses)
Economy
S2:Large Increasenumber O1,O2,O3,O4, W6,W9,W14,
S2,S8
populationand ofbusinesses O5,O7,O8 W16,W17
consumerbase Grow/Improve W1,W4,W5,W6,
W2:Lowbusiness performanceof O1,O2,O3,O4, W9,W10,W11,
S1,S2,S4,S7 T1,T3,T5,T6
density. existingbusiness O5,O7,O8 W12,W14,W16,
W3:Lowrateof base W17
formationof Developnew W1,W5,W6,W9,
growthoriented S4,S8 O3,O4,O5,O9 T7,T9
areasofbusiness W12,W14
businesses. Attractmobile
W7:Low S2,S3,S6,S7 O6 W9,W17 T1,T2,T3
investment
employment Attractvisitor
density. S5,S6 O1,O2 W4,W6,W9
expenditure
W14:Weak Expandexporting S1,S4,S6 O2,O7 W6,W9 T1
administrativeand Sustainable W1,W10,W11,
governance S1,S5 O4,O8 T6,T9
growth W13
capacity.
W16:Dispersal
andspatial
concentrationof
weaknessin Inclusivegrowth S8 AllofW1W17 T7
humanresource
andeconomic
activity.
S1: Competitive Sectors provide a small proportion of W15: Gross deficits and spatial disparities in public service
employment provision.
S2:Largepopulationandconsumerbase W16: Dispersal and spatial concentration of weakness in
S3:Largeworkforcewithgoodinitialeducation. humanresourceandeconomicactivity.
S4: Public Research Infrastructure With Competences W17:Lowdisposableincome.
RelevanttoGrowthSectors
S5:Goodqualitynaturalandculturalassets O1: Potential for relatively strong manufacturing and high
S6:Improvingexternalconnectivity. value added services companies SMEs to penetrate dynamic
S7:Endowmentofenergyassetsandsecurityofsupply. markets.
S8:StrongNGOswithsocialeconomypotential. O2: Market potential for SMEs in existing and emerging
internationalmarkets.
W1: Less competitive sectors account for a large proportion O3: Potential for SMEs to exploit new product and service
ofemployment. markets and new marketing channels arising from
W2:Lowbusinessdensity. technologicalinnovation.
W3:Lowrateofformationofgrowthorientedbusinesses. O4: Potential for SMEs to exploit new product and service
W4:Lowlevelofbusinessinvestment. markets arising from environmental awareness. O5: Market
W5: Low level of investment in R&D and weak linkage potentialforSMEsinsocialandlocalservices.
betweenR&Dbaseandbusiness. O6:Internationalmobilityofcapital.
W6:Businessfinancialservicesmarketfailure. O7:Agriculturalrationalisationandreform.
W7:Lowemploymentdensity. O8:egovernment,ehealthandeeducation.
148
W8: Weak performance in education and transition to the
worldofwork. T1:Increasedexposuretointernationalcompetition.
W9:Lowintensityofskillsandskillsshortages. T2:GrowthtrendinEuropeanandWorldmarkets.
W10: High energy intensity of industry and low energy T3:Internationalmobilityofcapital.
efficiencyindomesticandbusinesssectors. T4:Marketliberalisation.
W11:WeakInternalconnectivity. T5:Risingenergyprices.
W12: Incomplete broadband availability and low level of T6:Climatechange,relatedimpactsandregulation.
computerliteracy. T7:Internationalcompetitionforskills.
W13:Weakenvironmentalinfrastructureandservices. T8:MassInternalMigration.
W14:Weakadministrativeandgovernancecapacity. T9:Romania'sInternationalObligations

SmartGrowth1:IncreasingtheNumberofBusinesses
ThisdirectionofdevelopmentdirectlyconfrontstwodistinctiveweaknessesinRomania'seconomy:lowbusiness
density(W2)andthelowrateofformationofgrowthorientedbusinesses(W3).
Romania has limited exploitable strengths to assist in this direction. The potential in the large population and
consumer base (S2) is constrained by the low level of disposable income (W19), reflecting the small number of
salariedjobsintheeconomy.
A range of opportunities is potentially available to new start businesses. In the period of analysis, value added
services (03) have been relatively more buoyant than manufacturing (O1). New starts are less likely to address
exportmarkets(O2).
Many of the opportunities identified are connected with regulatory and social reform, notably environmental
markets (O4), social and local services (O5), agricultural rationalisation and reform (O7) egovernment, ehealth
and eeducation (O8). This suggests that government can play an important role in stimulating new business
development from the way that it deploys public expenditure and procures public goods and services. In this
context,theavailabilityofNGOswithsocialeconomypotential(S8)maybeanimportantchannel.
Theinternalweaknessesthatconstrainnewbusinessdevelopmentarelowconsumerdisposableincome(W17)and
itsspatialdistribution(W16)whichsuggestthatprogresswillbehardertoachieveincertainregions,inruraland
geographicallydisadvantagedareas.Thisunderlinestheimportantroleofgovernmentasasourceofdemandand
stimulation of new businesses, particularly in locations where the market is weaker. The most serious technical
obstaclestonewbusinessdevelopmentarebusinessfinancialservicesmarketfailure(W6)whichtendstobemore
significantfornewbusinessesandwhichinthe200713periodwasimperfectlyaddressedbypublicpolicywhich
restricted support for new businesses. Low availability of skills (W9), particularly in growing sectors is a further
constraint,butequallyaffectsexistingbusinesses.Afurthergeneraldisincentive,butwhichmayparticularlydeter
theformationofnewbusinessesistheexcessiveadministrativeandregulatoryburden(W14).
Therearenoexternalconstraintsidentifiedrepresentingacriticalandspecificrestrictionuponbusinessstartups.
SmartGrowth2:Growingand/orImprovingthePerformanceoftheExistingBusinessBase
Promoting this direction of development may involve exploiting relatively strong sectors (S1) or improving the
performanceofrelativelyweaksectors(W1).Thisisgenerallyoneofthemostfeasibledirectionsofdevelopment
insofarasitisconcernedwithtreatmentofbusinessesthatalreadyexistwithinthedevelopmentarea.However,in
Romania,thelatitudeforactionisconsiderablylimitedbytherelativelysmallnumberofbusinessesandabsorption
potentialincompetitivesectors(S1)andthelargeproportionofthebusinessbasewhichisalowpriorityforpublic
intervention(especiallythosebusinessesinretailandneartoretainingthataccountforanaboveaverageshareof
the businesses in the Romanian economy). This is further compounded by disparities in business and consumer
activity(W16andW17).
Romania's large population and consumer base (S2) represents an important opportunity for internal market
development, but its potential is limited in the shortmedium term by its lack of spending power (W17). The
knowledge resources in Romania's Higher Education and Public Research Institutions (S4) can be exploited to
improve existing and to create new goods and services, although the system is less than fully adapted to
commercialneeds(W5).Theendowmentofenergyassets(S7)mayprovidearesourceadvantageforcertainforms
ofbusiness.
ThefullrangeofmarketopportunitiesO1O8potentiallyappliestoexistingbusinesses.NewmarketsO3andO4
may provide an appropriate route for businesses facing declining demand in their existing markets. As with new
businesses,governmentexpenditureandprocurementhasimportantpotentialasasourceofdemand,particularly
inlocationswherethemarketisweak(W16andW17)

149
Two critical weaknesses are identified as being characteristic of the existing business base: low levels of general
investment (W4) and investment in R&D (W5), with high energy intensity (W10) being a lesser issue. However,
there are a larger number of general weaknesses in the Romanian business environment are identified which
hinder progress, notably access to finance (W6) access to skills (W9) weak internal connectivity (W11) over
regulation (W14), while incomplete broadband availability and a low level of computer literacy (W12) represent
constraintsforasubsetofbusinesses.
The existing business base is subject to a number of identified threats. International mobility of capital (T3) and
exposure to increased international competition (T1) have combined since 2007 to displace domestically owned
and controlled businesses, the furniture sector being a case in point. Rising energy prices (T5) and regulation of
emissions(T6)representaparticularthreattoRomania'shighlyenergyintensiveindustries(W10).
SmartGrowth3:DevelopingEntirelyNewAreasofActivity
This is normally a more speculative and higher risk direction for development, however, in addition to the
exploitationoftechnologicalinnovation(O3)Romania'sreformprocesshaspotentialtoprovideadditionalimpetus
tothedevelopmentofnewactivity.
Romania's environmental obligations (T9) as well as consumer awareness (O4) will channel expenditures and
create markets in the 201420 period. Obligations in relation to inclusivity and territoriality will channel
expenditures towards social and local services (O5). Obligations towards public sector reform and increased
efficiencywillchannelresourcestowardselectronicdelivery(O8).Thesereformswillcreatebusinessopportunities
inareasthatarenewinRomaniaandwillpotentiallystimulatebusinessandsocialinnovation.
ExploitablestrengthsexistinRomania'sPublicResearchinfrastructure(S4)wheredistinctivecompetenciesexistfor
certaintechnologies,includingICTs,althoughitscapacityinrelationtosocialinnovationislessclear.Inthiscontext
social economy models (S8) may provide suitable channels. However, the orientation of the purchasing
Government Departments and the procurement culture that they operate (W14) will be critical to the results
obtained.
The critical weaknesses in this regard are the limited capacity in competitive sectors of the Romanian economy
(W1)alliedtoapresentlowlevelofinvestmentinR&DbybusinessesandweaklinkagebetweenR&Dinstitutions
and the business base (W5). Access to finance (W6), shortage of skills (W9) and the loss of indigenous talent to
overseascompetition(T7)mayalsobeconstrainingfactors.Asregardsthepotentialofegovernment,ehealthand
elearning,limitedgapsremaintobefilledinbroadbandcoverage.However,moreseriouslimitationsarelikelyto
bethelowlevelsofbroadbandtakeupandcomputerliteracy(W12).
SmartGrowth4:AttractingMobileInvestment
This direction of development could provide an injection of activity to Romania's economy and could potentially
contributetoaddressingitsdeficitinemploymentincompetitivebusinesses(W1)itslowbusinessdensity(W2)and
itslowemploymentdensity(W7).
However,anumberoffactorslimittheextentuponwhichRomaniacanrelyuponmobileinvestmenttostimulate
growth (O6). Firstly, Asia has proved more competitive than Europe in manufacturing mobile investment for the
past decade; within the EU countries such as Germany and the UK have retained competitiveness in services
mobile investment (T3). This has been compounded by the recession which has seen significant reductions in
overallinvestmentflows(T2).
Mobileinvestmentisnotallgoodnews.Ratherthanprovidinggrowth,thereisariskthatitmaysimplydisplace
indigenous businesses in the Romanian market (T1) although there should nevertheless be some consumer gain
fromcompetition.
Accepting that the attraction of mobile investment has limited potential, Romania nevertheless has some
exploitablestrength.Aswithotheropportunities,thereisthescaleoftheconsumerbase(S2)althoughitsspending
power in the developing regions is limited (W17). Romania has an adequate workforce to absorb sizable
investments(S3)althoughtrainingmayhavetobeprovidedaspartofasupportpackagetoaddressskillsshortages
(W9).Romaniahasimprovingexternalconnectivity(S6)and,since2007,unrestrictedaccesstotheEuropeanSingle
Market. For certain investors, availability of competitively priced energy and a secure supply (S7) may be
attractions.
Until now, the vast majority of mobile investment has taken place in BucharestIlfov (W16). Improvements to
transport infrastructure, particularly roads, (W11) are likely to play an important role in ensuring that mobile
investmentcontributestogrowthinRomania'slessdevelopedregions.

150
SmartGrowth5:AttractingVisitorExpenditure
Thisdirectionofdevelopmentinvolvesexploitingaparticularnicheindynamicandinternationalmarkets(O1and
O2).Ithaspotentialtodispersebenefitsand,thereby,tocontributetosolvingRomania'sspatialchallenges(W16).
Romania possesses exploitable strengths in its endowment of natural and cultural assets (S5) and its improving
externalconnectivity(S6).However,althoughthedomesticmarkethasseenrecentgrowth,theanalysissuggests
thatRomaniahaslimitedprofileintheinternationalleisuremarketand,asaresultofcomparativelylowerlevelsof
recentinvestment(W4)hasalesscompetitiveofferthanothercountriesintheregion(T1).
Generalweaknesses,suchasaccesstofinance(W6)andavailabilityofskills(W9)arelikelytoimpingeontourism
astheydoonotherbusinessactivity.
This mode of development is subject to a range of external constraints in addition to competition. International
visitornumbersaresusceptibletovariationinresponsetotheeconomiccycle(T2)andfuelcosts(T5).Inthelonger
term,thesustainabilityofhighvolume,lowcostairtravelisinquestion(T6).
SmartGrowth6:ExpandingExportActivity
Thisdirectionofdevelopmentprincipallyinvolvesexploitingofexistingandemerginginternationalmarkets(O2).
Given the limited potential from Romania's internal market in the shortmedium term (W16, W17), exporting is
likely to be an important source of growth. It is also attractive insofar as it is one of the most straightforward
directionsofdevelopmenttopursue.
Exporting can be relevant to all forms of business, but is likely to be most relevant to existing businesses in
manufacturing and service sectors that are internationally competitive (S1), prospective new sectors and mobile
investorswhomaymakeRomaniaabasefromwhichtoaddresstheEuropeanmarket.However,thedevelopment
ofecommerceisalsoloweringbarrierstointernationalactivitybyrelativelynewbusinesses.
As regards development of exporting activity per se, Romania's strengths lie primarily in its competitive sectors
(S1),automotives,foodanddrink,leatherandtextiles,ICTs.Itcanbuildonimprovingexternalconnectivity(S6)and
accessibility of the Single European Market. Further export potential may be realised by better exploiting of
innovationassets(S4)andthroughimprovingthecompetitivenessofagriculture(O7).
Themaininternalobstacletoachievinggrowthfromexportingisthelimitedproportionofthebusinessbasethatis
internationallyorientedandis,orhaspotentialtobecomeinternationallycompetitive(S1).EvensomeofRomania'
srelativelystrongsectors,suchasfurniture,leatherandtextiles,arematureandlowmediumvalueaddingandare
susceptible to attrition by international competition from lower cost / higher productivity locations (T1). Some
weaknesses,suchasaccesstofinance(W6)andavailabilityofskills(W9)arelikelytoimpingeonexportingasthey
doonbusinessactivitymoregenerally.
Aside from competition, the main threat to exporting is the variability of demand from international customers
(T2),butthisappliestoallcountries.
SustainableGrowth
At the present time, only a relatively small proportion of employment is in competitive sectors(S1). This is not
compatible with sustainable development. To provide greater security for its people, Romania needs to secure
economicgrowth,buttodosoinafashionthatissustainableineconomic,socialandenvironmentalterms.
As environmental costs become more fully reflected in price of goods and services, business opportunities in
environmentalgoodsandserviceswillemerge(O4)andthemarketwillsupportthetransitiontowardssustainable
developmentandwillsupportgrowthinbusinessandjobs.
Currently, the greatest environmental threat confronting Romania is climate change and its associated impacts
(T6). Romania already has a mixed energy sector and a good endowment of energy assets (S7) but Romania's
internationalobligations(T9)willrequireafurtherandquiterapidshiftinthemixtowardsrenewablesources.
Nevertheless,improvementstothegenerationofpowerwillbeinsufficient.Boththebusinessand,particularlythe
householdsectorhaveconsiderablescopetoimproveenergyefficiency(W10)requiringactiononanindividualand
collectivelevel(e.g.housinginsulationschemes,cogenerationschemes,etc.).
Sustainable development requires a broad efficiency in resource use and not just energy efficiency. There is
considerable scope to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government and public services (W15, W16)
throughtheadoptionofelectronicdelivery(O8).
Economicgrowthwillentailmoreintensiveuseoftransport.Romania'sexternalconnectivityisalreadygood(S6)
but internal transport will require considerable investment (W11) including in road transport. Improving the
sustainability of transport will principally require improvements in logistical efficiency and investment which
favoursashiftinthemodalbalancetowardsrailandwatertransport.
Despite having a large population (S2) only a fraction is presently covered by modern waste and waste water
services(W13).Romania'sobligationsundertreaty(T9)willrequireasustainedinvestmentprogrammeforthenext
twodecadestoclosethegapwithEuropeanstandards.Nevertheless,thiswillcreatenewbusinessopportunities
andsubstantialnumbersofnewjobs.
Romaniapossessessignificantnaturalandculturalassets(S5)includingvastareaswithagriculturalpotential.Many
oftheseassetscanbemorefullyexploitedinamannerthatisconsistentwithsustainabledevelopment,butthis
willrequireactivemanagement,mitigationandconservationpoliciesworkinginparallelwithdevelopment.
InclusiveGrowth
While Romania has experienced significant growth over the past decade, the benefits have been unequally
distributed by location and across the more and less privileged groups in Romanian society (W16, W17). This is
manifest in the capital region, BucharestIlfov now having a GDP per capita above the EU average while the
remainingsevendevelopmentregionslagfarbehind.
Most of Romania's identified weaknesses (W1W17) have an intensely territorial character with regional and, in
particular,urbanruralinequalitiesbeingprominent.
ThedistributionofactivityinRomania'scompetitive(S1)andlesscompetitive(W1)businesssectorsissubjectto
significantdisparities.Investmentsintransport(W11),telecommunications(W12),R&D(W5)environmental(W13)
and social (W15) infrastructures need to be directed with regard to their consequences for regional
competitiveness.Asnotedabove,theroleofGovernmentasamajorpurchasershouldbeleveredmoreeffectively
tostimulatebusinessinvestment(W4)andnewbusinessformation(W3)inlocationswherethemarketisweak.
Romania has a low overall employment rate (W7) with just under half of the 8.3m jobs in the economy being
salaried. This is compounded by significant spatial disparities. While the smart growth perspective favours
concentration of investment in Romania's competitive sectors, the urgent need for entry level salaried jobs in
Romania'slessdevelopedregionssuggeststhatlesscompetitivesectors(W1)andsocialeconomymodels(S8)will
havearoletoplay.
Thegrossdeficitinjobs(W7)createsadilemmaforinvestmentinskills(W9),particularlyintheadultworkforce.In
a depressed labour market, investment in skills for stock has proved unsuccessful. There is a need to align skills
developmentandemploymentdevelopmentinintegratedpackages.
The analysis makes clear the intimate association of educational participation, transition into employment (W8)
skills development (W9) and poverty and, moreover their strong regional and urbanrural character. Investing in
improvingequalityofaccesstoeducationandtosocialservicesaswellastheirqualitywillplayanimportantrolein
enhancingtheattractivenessofRomania'slessdevelopedregionsasplacestoliveandtoinvest.
Romaniahasbeensubjecttomassmigrationformorethanadecadeasyoungpeoplewithtransferableskillshave
respondedtoopportunitiesabroad(T7).IfopportunityisnotenhancedinRomania'sdevelopmentregionsthereis
ahighriskthatinthecomingyearssignificantnumbersofpeoplewillrelocatetomorebuoyantcentresofactivity
withinRomania,thecapitalregioninparticular.Thiswouldbeaccompaniedwithsignificantadditionalstresseson
environmentalinfrastructure(W13)andsocialservices(W15).

152
 ANNEXII

LISTOFSOCIALPARTNERS

1. AcademicFoundationPetreAndrei
2. AcademyofAgriculturalandForestrySciencesGheorgheIonescuSISESTI
3. AcademyofEconomicStudies
4. AcademyofScientists
5. ACCESSOltenia
6. AccreditationAssociationRomania
7. ActiveWatchMediaMonitoringAgency
8. AcvacultureAssociationBanartSturio
9. ADEPTFoundation
10. AdministrationsofProtectedNaturalAreasAssociation
11. AgencyforImplementationofProjectsandProgrammesforSMEs
12. AgriculturalEconomicsInstituteoftheRomanianAcademy
13. AlbaIuliaCaritasEuropeanCommunityDevelopment
14. AllianceforHealthinRomania
15. AllianceofRomainGalatiCounty
16. AltArtFoundation
17. AmericanChamberofCommerceinRomania
18. AmphitheatreFoundation
19. ApolloResourceCentre
20. Associateofliteraryworksandpublications
21. AssociationAGROMELearningCentreforAgriculture
22. AssociationAlliancetofightagainstalcoholismanddrugaddiction
23. AssociationCOLFASA
24. AssociationCulture,traditions,identityandsuccess
25. AssociationforConsumerProtectioninRomania
26. AssociationforImplementingDemocracy
27. AssociationforIndustrialWasteManagementandContaminatedSitesManagement
28. AssociationforSustainableDevelopment
29. AssociationfortheDevelopmentandsocioeconomicPromotionCatalactica
30. AssociationforUrbanTransition
31. AssociationMostbeautifulvillages
32. AssociationofAgriculturalMachineryManufacturersandImportersofRomania
33. AssociationofCommunesofRomania
34. AssociationofconsultantsforaccessingEUfundsinRomania
35. Associationofculturaloperators
36. AssociationofEcotourisminRomania
37. AssociationofHungarianFarmersfromRomania
38. AssociationofManagementConsultantsinRomania
39. AssociationofMunicipalitiesofRomania
40. AssociationofOperatorsinOrganicAgricultureBIORomania
41. AssociationofPorkmeatProducersfromRomania
42. AssociationofProcessors,importersandtradersoffishinRomania
43. AssociationofRegionalDevelopmentAgenciesinRomania
44. AssociationofTownsinRomania
45. AssociationofVranceacountycommunes
46. AssociationofWomenandFamiliesinRuralAreas
47. AssociationofWritersandArtists
48. AssociationofYoungEntrepreneursinRomaniaYEAR
49. AssociationRISERomania
153
 50. AssociationTogetherforyou
51. BabesBolyaiUniversity,ClujNapoca
52. BDG
53. BodyAccessExpertsEuropeanStructuralandCohesionFunds
54. BucharestNationalOpera
55. BusinessAssociationinRomania
56. C4CAssociationCommunicationforCommunity
57. CaritasRomaniaConfederation
58. CentreforEuropeanStudiesandRuralCooperation
59. CentreforProfessionalTraininginCulture
60. CentreofEuropeanStudiesAlexandruIoanCuzaUniversity,Iasi
61. CentreforResearchandConsultancyonCulture
62. CentrodeEstudioInferSLMurcia
63. ChamberofCommerceandIndustryofRomania
64. ChamberofCommerce,IndustryandAgriculture
65. CIROM
66. CivilSocietyDevelopmentFoundation
67. CivitasFoundationforCivilSociety
68. ClusterAssociationinRomaniaRegionalClusterProductsandFoodIndustryAGROFOOD,
69. CNSCartelAlfa
70. CO2ClubAssociation
71. Coalitionoftheindependentculturalsector
72. CommercialFishermen'sAssociationfromtheBlackSeaRopescador
73. ConfederationofDemocraticTradeUnionsofRomania
74. ContinuityTrainingCentreandCompetencyAssessmentinSocialWorkCFCECAS
75. CoronaFoundation
76. DeltaCulturalFoundation
77. DunareadeJosUniversityofGalati
78. ECOEDENAssociation
79. ECOPRO&Scientia
80. EcologicalUniversity
81. EconomicandSocialCouncil
82. EcopolisCentreforSustainablePolicies
83. ECOROM
84. ECOTIC
85. Educatia2000+Centre
86. EmployersAssociationoftrainingprovidersinRomania
87. EmployersOrganizationConstantaportoperator
88. EstuaryFoundation
89. EuropeAssociationforHumanDevelopment
90. EuropeanAssociationforEconomicalOppozition
91. FacultyofForestryUniversityStefancelMare
92. FarmersandProcessorsAssociationofRomania
93. FarmersFederation
94. FederationofProcessorsofFishfromtheDanubeDelta
95. FederationofAssociationsforTouristicpromotionofRomania
96. FederationoffishermenassociationsintheBlackSea
97. FederationofLocalAuthoritiesinRomania
98. FederationofNGOsforChildren
99. FederationofsheepandgoatsbreedersfromRomania
100. FederationPhilanthropy
101. FishFarmesAssociation
102. ForestResearchandManagementInstitute
103. FoundationforCivilSocietyDevelopment
104. FoundationforInclusionandSocialCohesion
154
105. FoundationforPromotionofSMEs
106. FoundationHopeandHomesforChildrenRomania
107. FoundationofYoungManagers
108. FoundationPACT
109. FoundationPolicyCentreforRomaandMinorities
110. FoundationProfriendship
111. FoundationRomaEducationFundRomania
112. FoundationRomtens
113. FoundationSocialEntrepreneurship
114. FoundationtopreparecitizensforEuropeanintegration
115. GeneralUnionofIndustrialistsinRomania
116. GheorgheLazarNationalCollegeofSibiu
117. GregoryAntipasMuseum
118. HABITATLiga
119. HumanitarianFoundationRomanianAngelAppeal
120. ImpreunaAgency
121. InitiativeGroupAssociationRaduAntonRoman
122. InstituteforHumanResourceDevelopment
123. InstituteforPublicPolicy
124. InstituteforSocialPolicyAssociation
125. IntercommunityDevelopmentAssociation
126. InterculturalInstituteofTimisoara
127. IvanPatzaichinAssociationMila23
128. JuniorChamberInternationalRomaniaFederation
129. LeagueofAssociationsofAgriculturalProducersof
130. LeagueofirrigationwaterusersinRomania
131. LifeguardandRescueService
132. MaterialsManufacturersAssociationofRomania
133. MediaMonitoringAgency
134. MetropolitanAgencyforSustainableDevelopment
135. MetropolitanareasandconurbationsFederationofRomania
136. MotivationRomaniaFoundation
137. MountainFarmersFederationDorna
138. MultimediaFoundationforLocalDemocracy
139. NationalAssociationFruitVegetables
140. NationalAssociationofbakeryindustryinRomania
141. NationalAssociationofFisheriesProducers
142. NationalAssociationofManufacturersinRomania
143. NationalAssociationofProfessionalDiversRomania
144. NationalAssociationofRuralWomen
145. NationalAssociationofRural,EcologicalandCulturalTourism
146. NationalAssociationofTouristResortsinRomania
147. NationalCentreforRomaCulture
148. NationalCollegeofSocialWorkersinRomania
149. NationalConfederationofRomanianEmployers
150. NationalCoordinatingCouncilRegionalPactsforEmploymentandSocialInclusion
151. NationalCouncilofDisabilityFederationofRomania
152. NationalCouncilofPrivateSmallandmediumenterprisesinRomania
153. NationalCreditGuaranteeFundforSmallandMediumEnterprises
154. NationalFederationAlmaMater
155. NationalFederationofLocalActionGroupsinRomania
156. NationalfederationofTradeUnionsinAgriculture,Food,Tobacco,DomainsandRelatedServices
157. NationalFederationofTradeUnionsintheFoodIndustry
158. NationalFoundationofYoungManagers
159. NationalHeritageInstitute
155
160. NationalInstituteforCulturalHeritage
161. National Institute for Research and Development for Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Environment
Protection
162. National Institute for Research and Development in Constructions, Urban Planning and Sustainable
TerritorialDevelopment"URBANINCERC"
163. NationalInstituteforResearchandDevelopmentinTourism
164. NationalInstituteofStatistics
165. NationalInterprofessionalOrganizationVitivinicola
166. NationalLibraryofRomania
167. NationalMarineResearchandDevelopmentInstituteGrigoreAntipaConstanta
168. NationalMountainRescueAssociationinRomania
169. NationalMuseumGeorgeEnescu
170. NationalMuseumofArt
171. NationalMuseumoftheRomanianPeasant
172. NationalnetworkofRomanianMuseums
173. NationalOperainBucharest
174. NationalOrganizationofDisabledPeopleinRomania
175. NationalOrganizationofRomanianScouts
176. NationalPatronageofVineandWine
177. NationalResearchandDevelopmentInstituteDeltaDunariiTulcea
178. NationalResearchandDevelopmentInstituteforEnvironmentalProtection
179. NationalSchoolofPoliticalandAdministrativeStudies
180. NationalTradeUnionBloc
181. NationalTradeUnionConfederationMERIDIAN
182. NationalTradeUnionofRomanianpeasants,thelandlords,homeandShareholdersofAgriculture
183. NationalUnionofCountyCouncilsofRomania
184. NationalUnionofEnvironment
185. NationalUnionofRoadCarriersfromRomania
186. NationalUnionofStudentsinRomania
187. NationalUnionoftheConservationistsofthehistoricalmonumentsinRomania
188. NoiOrizonturiFoundation
189. NorthwestRegionalPactforEmploymentandSocialInclusion
190. OradeaMetropolitanArea
191. OrderofArchitectsofRomania
192. OrderofGeneralNurses,MidwivesandNurses
193. OrganizationforthePromotionofalternativetransportinRomania
194. OSBConsultingGmbHAustriaRomanianBranch
195. OvidiuRomAssociation
196. OwnershipandProfessionalOrganizationREMAT
197. PACTFoundation
198. PakivAssociation
199. PartnershipforEqualityCentre
200. PartNETAssociationPartnershipforSustainableDevelopment
201. PatronageoftheNationalAssociationofTravelAgencies
202. PeopleDevelopmentFoundation
203. ProArmoniaFoundation
204. ProDemocracyAssociation
205. ProDoMo
206. ProVobisAssociation
207. ProfessionalAssociationofProducersandDistributorsofelectricityandheatincogeneration
208. ProfessionalAssociationofRoadsandBridgesinRomania
209. ProfessionalAssociationofSocialNGOs
210. PROFORESTAssociation
211. ProjectsImplementationCenterforHumanResourceDevelopment
212. RedCrossNationalSocietyinRomania
156
213. ResearchandDevelopmentInstituteforAquaticEcology,FishingandAcvaculture
214. ResearchDevelopmentStationforFish
215. ResearchInstituteofthequalityoflife
216. ResourceCentreforRomaCommunities
217. RomaCivicAllianceofRomania
218. RomaSecretariatFoundation
219. RomaniCrissCentre
220. RomaniaAssociationofBlindPeople
221. RomanianAcademicSociety
222. RomanianAgencyConsulting
223. RomanianAssociationAgainst
224. RomanianAssociationforEnvironment
225. RomanianAssociationofBanks
226. RomanianAssociationofConstructionEntrepreneurs
227. RomanianAssociationofFireSafetyEngineers
228. RomanianAssociationofSanitation
229. RomanianBankingInstitute
230. RomanianBureauofLegalMetrology
231. RomanianCentreforEducationandHumanDevelopment
232. RomanianCentreforEuropeanPolicies
233. RomanianCentreInitiativeAssociation
234. RomanianEmployersfromMillingIndustry,Bakery
235. RomanianFisheriesPatronage
236. RomanianNationalPatronage
237. RomanianPatriarchate
238. RomanianPatronagefromofDairyIndustry
239. RomanianRegionalScienceAssociation
240. RomanianScoutsOrganization
241. RomanianSocialDevelopmentFund
242. RomanianTourismEmployers'Federation
243. RomanianWaterAssociation
244. ROREGAssociation
245. RuhamaFoundation
246. RuralCreditGuaranteeFund
247. RuralNet
248. SamusocialAssociationofRomaniaMobileSocialEmergencyReliefService
249. SaveDanubeandtheDanubeDeltaAssociation
250. SavedeChildrenOrganization
251. SCAdeccoResurseUmaneSRL
252. SCDiacostampetSRL
253. SCDialfaSecurityLtd
254. SCEduTimADVICEEuropeanSRL
255. SCEuroJobsSRLPetrosani
256. SCFormprofServicesLtdTargumentMures
257. SCGlobalCommerciumDevelopmentSRLGCD
258. SCMIBAConsultingSRL
259. SCStefManagementConsultingSRL
260. SERARomaniaFoundation
261. SorosFoundationRomania
262. SOSChildren'sVillagesRomania
263. StandardsAssociationofRomania
264. StateInspectionforControlofBoilers,PressureVesselsandHoisting
265. StudioVideoArt
266. TechnicalUniversityofCivilEngineeringBucharest
267. TelefonulCopiluluiAssociation
157
268. TerraEcologica
269. TerraMillenniumIII
270. TheCentreofProfessionalTraininginCulture
271. TheRomanianAcademy
272. TheRomanianOrnithologicalSociety
273. TradeUnionFederationofRailwayTransportofRomania
274. UnCopil,OSperantaRomaniaFoundation
275. UNICEF
276. UnionofAgriculturalProducersinNorthWestRomania
277. UnionofRomaniancinematographers
278. UniversityofAgronomicSciencesandVeterinaryMedicine
279. UniversityofArchitectureandUrbanismIonMincu
280. UniversityofBucharest
281. UniversityofCraiova
282. UniversityofMedicineandPharmacyCarolDavila
283. UrbanPlannersProfessionalAssociationofRomania
284. UrbconnetSRL
285. VeterinaryMedicine
286. ViatasiLuminaFoundation
287. VideoArtStudio
288. ViitorulRomilorAssociation
289. WorldVisionFoundation
290. WorldWideFundforNature
291. YoungEntrepreneursinRomania

158


159

CorrelationofthePrioritiesofEUSDRandtheChallengesandFundingPrioritiesIdentifiedinRomania's
PartnershipAgreement
EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion
Pillar1:ConnectingtheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions
1)Toimprove Inlandwaterwaytransport
mobility and Improvement of infrastructure and
multimodality economic performance of waterway
navigation
o Complete implementation of
TENTPriorityproject18ontime
o Investinwaterwayinfrastructure
ofDanubeanditstributariesand
developtheinterconnections
o Modernize the Danube fleet in
order to improve environmental
andeconomicperformance
Improvement of the organizational
framework and HR for inland
waterwaynavigation
o Coordinate national transport
policies in the field of navigation
intheDanubebasin
o Support Danube Commission in
finalizing the process of
reviewing the Belgrade
Convention
o DevelopportsintheDanuberiver
basin into multimodal logistics
centers
o To improve comprehensive
waterway management of the
Danubeanditstributaries
o To promote sustainable freight
transportintheDanubeRegion
o To implement harmonized River
InformationServices(RIS)
o Toinvestineducationandjobsin
theDanubenavigationsector
Road,railandairtransport
Improvement of access and
connectivity
o Bring to completion the TENT
priority projects crossing the
Danube Region, overcoming the
difficulties and bottlenecks,
particularly in the crossborder
sections
o Implement the Rail Freight
Corridors forming part of the
European rail network for
competitivefreight
o Enhance cooperation between
air traffic stakeholders in order
to prepare a plan to implement
shorterplanerouts
ANNEXIII
TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
Infrastructure TO7 LargeInfrastructureOP
Supporting sustainable
transportdevelopmentthrough
traffic safety improvement on
TENTnetwork,foralltransport
modes
Modernization and
development of waterway
infrastructure on the Danube
River and navigable canals,
having in view the promotion
of an environmental friendly
transport system and the
potential of inland waterway
transport as a blue growth
sector. Romania will consider
measures oriented to
strengthening intermodal
connection and the role of
inland water transport within
theTENTnetwork;
Infrastructure TO7 ActionsforImprovingconnectivity
LargeInfrastructureOP
Development of road
infrastructure on TENT
network
Development of rail
infrastructure on core TENT
network,especiallythroughthe
completiononTENTcorridors
Development of airports
where this is justified, for
improving connectivity and
supportingregionalmobility
RegionalOperationalProgram
Increasing accessibility of areas
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion
Pillar1:ConnectingtheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions
o To ensure sustainable
metropolitan transport systems
andmobility
o Improve the regional/ local
crossborder infrastructure and
accesstoruralareas
Multimodallinks
o To develop further nodal
planningformultimodality
o To develop further Intelligent
Traffic Systems by using
environmentalfriendly
technologies, especially in urban
regions
2) To EnergySystems Resources
encourage Energyinfrastructure
more o Develop a joint position of the
sustainable region regarding the changes
energy whichcouldbeintroducedinthe
framework of the TENE policy
review and the modalities of the
new Energy Security and
Infrastructure Investment,
especially regarding the energy
TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
located in proximity of TENT
network, through construction
and modernization of
secondary and tertiary
connections to the network,
including bypasses, having in
view bottlenecks removing and
trafficfluidization
National Rural Development
Programme
Fostering local development in
rural areas through
investments in all types of
smallscale infrastructure,
includinglocalroads.Thesmall
scale infrastructure related to
roads will be targeted on
improving connectivity to main
road network and linked to
economic development
potentialinordertoreducethe
ruralpoverty.
Actions for promoting Multimodal
links
LargeInfrastructureOP
Modernization and
development of intermodal
transport, having in view
fluidizationoffreightflowsthat
transit Romania and reducing
carbon emissions in urban
areas
Supporting sustainable
transportdevelopmentthrough
traffic safety improvement on
TENTnetwork,foralltransport
modes
RegionalOperationalProgram
Actions to rehabilitation and
renewalofmasstransitsystems
within the framework of
sustainable urban mobility
plans, where these will make
significant contribution to air
qualityandenergyefficiency
TO4 EnergyInfrastructure
LargeinfrastructureOP
Promotingtheproductionof
electricityandthermalenergy
fromrenewableresources
(biomass,geothermal,micro
hydro)
Developing smart electricity
transmission systems, in order
totakeovertheRESenergy
161
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion
Pillar1:ConnectingtheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions
infrastructuregaps
o Ensure that actions are coherent
withthegeneralapproachofthe
Energy Community and explore
synergies between the Energy
Community and the Danube
Strategyprocess
o Enforce regional cooperation
with a view to develop and
implement the NorthSouth gas
interconnectionprojects
o Developgasstoragecapacities
Energymarkets
o To tap possible cooperation
opportunities with the Energy
Community
o Cooperate to implement the
Regional network integration
andtheNETSinlinewiththeFS
o Buildaworkingrelationshipwith
the Central Eastern European
Forum for Electricity Market
Integration (this can be enlarged
toneighbouringcountries)
Energyefficiencyandrenewableenergy Resources
Extend the use of biomass, solar
energy, geothermal, hydropower
andwindpower
Reinforce the Carpathian
Convention to share best practices
on using biomass for energy
purposes
Implement the National Renewable
Energy Action Plans and prepare a
Danube Region Renewable Energy
ActionPlan
Explore the possibility to have an
increased energy production,
originating from local RES to
increaseenergyautonomy
Develop a comprehensive action
plan for the sustainable
development of the hydropower
generation potential of the Danube
Regionanditstributaries
Develop and setup preplanning
mechanism for the allocation of
suitableareasfornewhydropower
projects
Promote energy efficiency and use
of RES in buildings and heating
systems, incl. by renovating heating
and combined heat and power
facilities
Encourage the Energy Community
members/observersinadoptingand
implementing the Renewable
TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
Developing smart gas
transmissionsystems
TO4 LargeInfrastructureOP
Promoting the production and
distribution of electricity and
thermal energy from
renewable energy resources
(biomass, geothermal, micro
hydro)
Implementation of smart
energydistributionlowvoltage
systems
Developing electricity and
thermal energy monitoring
systems in industrial sites, in
order to increase energy
efficiency
Improving energy efficiency in
enterprises by high efficiency
low power cogeneration
systemsratedlessthan8MW
National Program for Rural
Development
Facilitatingthesupplyanduse
of renewable sources of
energy in the agricultural and
forestry sectors (byproducts,
wastes, residues and other
nonfoodrawmaterial)
Increasing the energy
efficiency by reduction the
primaryenergyconsumptionin
agriculture, forestry and food
processing
162
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar1:ConnectingtheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
EnergyDirective
Facilitate networking and
cooperation between national
authorities in order to promote
awareness and increase the use of
RES
Provide local authorities, businesses
and citizens in the Danube Region
consultative support with issues
relating to mitigation of climate
changeandenergyefficiency
3) To Culturalheritage Resources TO6 RegionalOperationalProgram
promote Build on cultural diversity as Protecting and sustainable
culture and strengthoftheDanubeRegion valorisation of natural sites
tourism, Enhance cooperation and contacts including measures for urban
people to betweenpeopleofdifferentorigins, environment through
people toencouragecreativityandprovide rehabilitation unused and/or
contacts a driving force for cultural degraded public spaces and
innovation and economic buildings.
development, based on heritage, People and TO9 National Rural Development
traditionsandtourism Society Programme
PromotingLEADERcommunity
led local development
strategies(throughLAG,FLAG)
Tourism Resources TO6 RegionalOperationalProgram
Develop the Danube region as a Protecting and sustainable
Europeanbrand valorisation of natural sites
Establish the Danube Region as including measures for urban
important European tourist environment through
destination rehabilitationofunusedand/or
Promote shortstay weekend degraded public spaces and
tourism and recreation, as well as buildings.
longerstays Competitiveness TO3 RegionalOperationalProgramme
To further develop the navigation Integratedactionssites,skills,
and port system for Danube river investmentsupporttoattract
cruiseshipsandprivateyachts investment into Romania's less
To further develop and intensify developedregions
ActivityTourism
To further enhance interconnection OP for Fisheries and Maritime
and cooperation in education and Affairs
scientificandresearchactivitiesfor Promotion of new sources of
tourism income, inside the sector
To improve planning and (processing, marketing
infrastructurefortourism activities)
Support the improvement of the People and TO9 National Rural Development
qualityoftourismproducts Society Programme
Promote wellness tourism in the PromotingLEADERcommunity
Region led local development
Collect existing data on cultural strategies(throughLAG,FLAG)
activities and establishing a
comprehensive database giving an
overview of cultural activities in the
DanubeRegion
Promote cultural exchange and
exchangeinthearts

163

EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion
Pillar2:ProtectingtheEnvironmentintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions
4) To restore To implement fully the Danube River Resources TO6
and maintain BasinManagementPlan
the quality of To greatly strengthen cooperation at
waters subbasinlevel
To continue to invest in and support
information collection systems already
developedbyICPDR
To continue boosting major
investments in building and upgrading
urbanwatertreatmentfacilitiesacross
the Danube Basin, including measures
to build capacity at the regional and
local level for the design of such
infrastructure
Establish buffer strips along the rivers
to retain nutrients and to promote
alternativecollectionandtreatmentof
wasteinsmallruralsettlements
Tofosteranddevelopanactiveprocess
of dialogue and cooperation between
authorities responsible for agriculture
and environment to ensure that
measures are taken to address
agriculturalpollution
Tolegislateatappropriateleveltolimit
the presence of phosphates in
detergents
To treat hazardous substances and
contaminated sludge with the newest
and best available technology and to
develop and promote remediation
measures for hazardous producing or
abandoned industrial sites and waste
deposits
To assure the proper control and
progressive substitution of substances
thatareconsideredproblematicforthe
DanubeRegion
To reduce existing water continuity
interruption for fish migration in the
Danuberiverbasin
To promote measures to limit water
abstraction
To strengthen general awareness and
facilitate exchange of good practice in
integratedwatermanagementissuesin
the Danube Basin among decision
makers at all levels and among the
populationoftheRegion
To promote measures aimed at
reducing knowledge deficits,
developing and transferring tools,
methods and guidelines concerning the
safeguardingofdrinkingwatersupply
To further strengthen Integrated
TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
LargeInfrastructureOP
The extension and
modernization of drinking
water networks and waste
water sewages and treatment
systems and connection of the
population to drinking water
supply and waste water
systems, including in rural
areas, monitoring and drinking
waterquality;modernizationof
laboratories in order to
improving monitoring
substances discharged into the
waters; improvement of hydro
morphological conditions of
waterbodies
Thedevelopmentofwaste
infrastructureandservices
baseduponthewaste
hierarchy;new/upgraded
investmentstocomplywiththe
landfilldirectiveincreasethe
wasterecyclingratioaswellas
promotionofamoreefficient
useofresources;promotion
wasteassecondaryraw
materials/byproducts
National Rural Development
Programme
Promotingefficiencyinwater
useinagriculturethrough
investmentinmoreefficient
irrigationsystemsonfarms
164
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion
Pillar2:ProtectingtheEnvironmentintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions
Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and
Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP)
practices on the Western shores of the
BlackSea
5) To manage To develop and adopt one single Resources TO5
environmental overarching floods management plan
risks at basin level or a set of flood risk
management plans coordinated at the
leveloftheinternationalriverbasin
To support wetland and floodplain
restoration as an effective mean of
enhancing flood protection, and more
generally to analyse and identify the
best response to flood risk (including
greeninfrastructure)
To extend the coverage of the
EuropeanFloodsAlertSystemto(EFAS)
systemtothewholeDanuberiverbasin,
to step up preparedness efforts at
regional level (including better
knowledge of each other's national
systems) and to further promote joint
responses to natural disasters and to
flood events in particular, including
earlywarningsystems
To strengthen operational cooperation
among the emergency response
authoritiesintheDanubecountriesand
to improve the interoperability of the
availableassets
To continuously update the existing
database of accident risk spots (ARS
Inventory),contaminatedsitesandsites
used for the storage of dangerous
substances
To develop rapid response procedures
andplansincaseofindustrialaccidental
riverpollution
Anticipateregionalandlocalimpactsof
climatechangethroughresearch
To develop spatial planning and
constructionactivitiesinthecontextof
climatechangeandincreasedthreatsof
floods
6)Topreserve Preservationofbiodiversityandlandscapes Resources TO6
biodiversity, Tocontributetothe2050EUvisionand
landscapes 2020EUtargetforbiodiversity
and the TomanageNatura2000sitesandother
quality of air protectedareaseffectively
andsoils To protect and restore most valuable
ecosystems and endangered animal
species
To explore together the
appropriateness of reviewing the
Convention Concerning Fishing in the
WatersoftheDanube
TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
LargeInfrastructureOP:
Complete the national system
of risk identification and
management in the framework
oftheNationalRiskAssessment.
Setup and improve the risk
monitoring and prevention
systemsinrelationtoidentified
risks. Enhance professional
emergencyresponseservicesat
national level in order to
respond to major national and
international emergencies,
including transnational
cooperationintheframeworkof
the Danube macroregional
Strategy
Structural and nonstructural
measures in order to reduce
risks and damage from
flooding,droughtanderosion
Strengthen institutional and
technical capacity of ESMNS
through collaborative solutions
betweendifferentauthorities
National Rural Development
Programme
Sustainablewatermanagement
systems and practices to
combatclimatechangethrough
onfarm water storage zones,
waterefficient cropping
patterns and forest protection
beltsagainsterosion.
LargeInfrastructureOP
Protection of biodiversity
through the development of
management plans and
investment in restoration and
conservationactions
National Rural Development
Programme
Preserving and enhancing
ecosystems dependent on
agricultureandforestrythrough
165
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar2:ProtectingtheEnvironmentintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
To develop green infrastructure in organic farming, agri
order to connect different bio environmental and climate
geographicregionsandhabitats actions, including High Nature
To reduce the spread of invasive alien Valuefarming
species(IAS) OP for Fisheries and Maritime
Todecreasetheinputofpesticidesinto Affairs
theenvironmentoftheDanubeRegion Restorationandconservationof
To remove safely obsolete pesticides marine and inland water
and other obsolete chemicals in the biodiversity within sustainable
areaofDanubeRegion fishing, aquaculture and data
To prepare and implement andcontrolactivities
transnational spatial planning and Promote sustainable fishing
development policies for functional activities in marine and inland
geographical areas (river basins, waters; sustainable activities in
mountainrangesetc.) aquaculturefarms
Preservation and improvement of the Resources TO4 National Rural Development
qualityofsoils Resources Programme
To ensure appropriate treatment of Resources Actionstosupportthereduction
solidwaste in greenhouse gas emissions in
Tocreatestandardisedandcompatible agricultureandforestry,notably
information on land cover on throughtheexploitationofland
transnationalbasis management and carbon
To raise awareness about soil sequestrationpotential
protection TO5 National Rural Development
Programme
Conservation of soil and its
carbon stock through land
management practices such as
low tillage, winter crops and
afforestation
TO6 LargeInfrastructureOP
Rehabilitating of derelict and
polluted sites, including
decontamination preparation
fortheireconomicreuse

National Rural Development
Programme
Implementing measures to
tackle the causes of
abandonment of agricultural
activities
Improvementofairquality Resources TO4 National Rural Development
Todecreaseairpollutants Programme
Actions to support the
reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions in agriculture and
forestry, notably through the
exploitation of land
management and carbon
sequestrationpotential
TO6 LargeInfrastructureOP
Development and improvement
of the National Air Quality
Assessment in line with the
requirements of Directive

166
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar2:ProtectingtheEnvironmentintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
2008/50/EC and taking into
consideration the requirements
ofINSPIREDirective
Educationofpeopleonthevalueofnatural
assets, ecosystems and the services they
provide
To raise awareness of the general
public, by acknowledging and
promoting the potentials of natural
assetsasdriversofsustainableregional
development
Toeducatechildrenandyoungpeople
To build capacities of local authorities
intheenvironmentrelatedmatters

EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar3:BuildingProsperityintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
7) To develop To cooperate in implementing the Competitiveness TO1 CompetitivenessOP
the knowledge flagship initiative Innovation Supporting private RDI
society through UnionoftheEurope2020Strategy investments and research
research, intheDanubeRegioncountries partnerships between
education and To coordinate better national, enterprises and research
IT regional and EU funds to stimulate organisations in order to
excellence in research and foster the transfer of
development, in research areas knowledge, technology and
specificfortheDanubeRegion personnel with RDI
To strengthen the capacities of advanced skills and to
researchinfrastructure enable the RDIbased
To strengthen cooperation among development of products
universities and research facilities and services in economic
and to upgrade research and sectors with growth
educationoutcomesbyfocusingon potential
uniquesellingpoints Promoting financial
To develop and implement instruments aimed to
strategiestoimprovetheprovision support the risk of private
and uptake of ICT in the Danube investment in research and
Region innovation and to
Todrawupinternetstrategies stimulate innovative start
To use econtent and eservices to upsandspinoffs
improve the efficiency and Developing the public and
effectiveness of public and private private research
services infrastructure,bothaspart
To stimulate the emergence of of existing/emerging
innovative ideas for products and clusters, centres of
servicesandtheirwidevalidationin excellence and other types
thefieldoftheInformationSociety, of research structures
usingtheconceptofLivingLabs (national / regional / EU),
and in specific areas
identified as priorities,
based on existing potential
and/or competitive
advantage,suchashealth
Unlocking thepotential for
excellence in research and
innovation by creating
167
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar3:BuildingProsperityintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
synergies with the RDI
actions of the EU
framework programme
Horizon2020.

Regional Operational
Programme
Creation and developing of
innovation and technology
transfer support
infrastructure in the public
and private sectors,
particularly in Romania's
less developed regions,
informed by the principles
ofsmartspecialization
TO2 CompetitivenessOP
Actions to promote ICT
adoption by business,
including ecommerce
applications and
innovation;
Actions to develop e
government instruments
forbusinessandcitizens(e
government2.0);
Actions to develop cloud
computingandsocialmedia
collaborationtechnologies
Actions to provide modern
online public services
which ensure
interoperability of different
nonintegrated systems,
across sectors, regions and
atnationallevel,(increased
coordination and efficiency
of public resources to be
promoted) and access to
open standards for
increasing transparency
and administrative
efficiency.
8) To support To foster cooperation and Competitiveness TO3 CompetitivenessOP
the exchange of knowledge between Actions to improve the
competitiveness SMEs, academia and the public productivity of SMEs and
of enterprises, sector in areas of competence in to provide to growth
includingcluster theDanubeRegion opportunities and
development To improve business support to innovation, including
strengthen the capacities of SMEs supporting advanced
forcooperationandtrade technological investments,
Tosupportenterprisesthroughhigh promoting creative
performing training and industries, enhancing
qualificationschemes accesstobusinessplanning
To prioritise the effective support, to technical
implementation of measures consultancy, international
provided for under the Small markets, to exporting
168
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion
Pillar3:BuildingProsperityintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions
BusinessActforEurope
To improve the competitiveness of
ruralareasandinparticularofthe
agriculturalsector
To eliminate cross border barriers
and bottlenecks to people and
business Seamless Europe for a
livableDanubeRegion
To improve framework conditions
for SMEs in areas where
competitive infrastructure
missing
TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
adviceandsupport.
Actions to improve access
to finance, including
throughtheprovisionofan
appropriate range of
financialinstruments.
Actions to network
businesses, to enhance
knowledgespilloversandto
facilitate their participation
is in supply chains, including
thoseofinternationalscale.
Integrated actions sites,
skills,investmentsupport
to attract investment into
Romania's less developed
regions
National Rural Development
Programme
Actions to improve
economic performance of
farms (including orchards),
facilitatefarmrestructuring
and modernization,
increase market
participation and
orientation as well as
diversification within
agricultural sector, with
particular focus on
innovation and higher
valueadded (e.g. on farm
renewableenergy).
Actions to facilitate inter
generational change
including encouraging the
establishment of skilled
youngfarmers
Actions to improve and
adapt the agricultural and
forestryinfrastructure
Actions to improve the
economic performance of
primary producers by
better integrating them
intotheagrifoodchainand
shortsupplycircuits
OP for Fisheries and Maritime
Affairs
Investments in
aquaculture: new units,
modernization of existing
units, diversification of
species, improvement of
the potential of
aquaculturesites.
169
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar3:BuildingProsperityintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
Promotion of new sources
of income complementary
to the fisheries sector
(environment, tourism,
education
activities);Improvement of
working conditions related
to health and safety on
board inland and marine
fishingvessels;
Support for the
establishment,organization
and functioning of
producersprocessing
marketingchain.
TO11 AdministrativeCapacityOP
Actions to rationalize,
increase the quality of
regulations and to reduce
the burden of bureaucracy
onbusinessesandcitizens
People and TO10 HumanCapitalOP
society Better matching initial and
continuing VET with LM
needs, ensuring relevance
of the training offer, giving
priority to growth
competitivesectorsand/or
the traditional sectors with
potential to grow, but also
on the regional/ local
growth potentials
(emphasised under the
Regional Development
Plans), promoting
partnerships among
relevant stakeholders for
ensuringabettertransition
fromschooltowork
9) To invest in To enhance performance of People and TO8 HumanCapitalOP
people and education systems through closer society Supporting employability
skills cooperation of education actions like individual
institutions,systemsandpolicies counselling, workbased
Tofostercooperationbetweenkey training, and encouraging
stakeholders of labour market, entrepreneurship, taking
education and research policies in into account the distinctive
order to develop learning regions structureofemploymentin
andenvironments Romania
To support creativity and Supportingtheactiveaging
entrepreneurship measures;
Tosupportthemobilityofworkers, Supporting self
researchers and students through employment actions,
implementing the European entrepreneurship and
QualificationFramework businesscreation,including
To jointly analyse implementation through financial
gaps in lifelong learning (LLL) instruments
A combination of targeted
170
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar3:BuildingProsperityintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
policiesandexchangebestpractices and mainstreaming actions
inimplementation to improve access to the
To improve crosssector policy labourmarketoflongterm
coordination to address unemployed, inactive,
demographic and migration women, older workers,
challenges Roma people, disabled
To fight poverty and social peopleandpeoplewithlow
exclusion of marginalised levels of education and
communitiesintheDanubeRegion, qualification, including
especiallytheRomacommunities thosefromruralareas
To implement the actions
undertaken in the Roma Decade National Rural Development
and to establish further actions to Programme/Human Capital
beimplemented OperationalProgramme
Creation of new small
enterprises through
business startup aid for
nonagricultural micro and
small enterprises and
development of non
agricultural activities in
ruralareas
OP for Fisheries and Maritime
Affairs
Diversification of the
fisheries and aquaculture
sector, by supporting the
creation of new small
enterprises and job
creationinthefield
TO9 HumanCapitalOP
Integrated actions to
address the needs of
vulnerable persons, groups
andcommunities, including
actions to improve their
educational participation,
their integration in the
labour market, their access
to housing, social, health
care and cultural services,
and actions to combat
discrimination.
Exploiting innovative
potentialofsocialeconomy
models(includingsheltered
employment for vulnerable
persons)toaddresssocietal
challenges and/ or to
support labour market
integration and social
inclusion of vulnerable
groups and their transition
tothebusinessmodels,the
development of local
services where market
models fail to deliver,
171
 EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar3:BuildingProsperityintheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective
thereby creating
employment and social
inclusion
TO10 HumanCapitalOP
Improve governance and
management of higher
education institutions to
improve the quality of
teaching and research;
increasing relevance of
higher education
programmes for the LM
needs and strengthening
the partnerships between
universities, business and
research;
Better matching initial and
continuing VET with LM
needs, ensuring relevance
of the training offer,
including through work
based learning, giving
priority to growth
competitive sectors and/or
the traditional sectors with
potential to grow, but also
on the regional/ local
growth potentials
(emphasised under the
Regional Development
Plans), promoting
partnerships among
relevant stakeholders for
ensuringabettertransition
fromschooltowork.
Modernising tertiary
education through
development of post
graduate studies and
supporting
internationalisation of
higher education, including
advanced research and
mobility
Supporting measures to
promote quality and
accessibility of VET,
strengthening the capacity
ofIVTandCVTprovidersto
deliver VET programs
correlated with the LM
demands.

EUStrategyfortheDanubeRegion TheRomanianPartnershipAgreement
Pillar4:StrengtheningtheDanubeRegion
PriorityAreas Actions Challenge Thematic Proposedprioritiesforfunding
Objective

172
10) To step To combat institutional capacity Administration TO11 AdministrativeCapacityOP
up andpublicservicerelatedproblems andGovernment Create and implement an
institutional intheDanuberegion integrated strategic
capacity Toimprovethetrustofcitizensand framework for human
and stakeholdersinpoliticalauthorities resources management in
cooperation To establish a Danube Civil Society public sector and raise the
Forum professionalism and
To ensure sufficient information attractiveness of the public
flowandexchangeatalllevels administration;
To facilitate the administrative Developing, introducing and
cooperation of communities living supporting the use of
inborderregions management,monitoring and
To build Metropolitan Regions in evaluation systems and tools
theDanubeRegion for an improved institutional
To review bottlenecks relating to and public services
thelowabsorptionrateofEUfunds performance and change of
and to ensure better coordination organizationalculture
offunding
Tosupportthedevelopmentoflocal TO2 Competitiveness Operational
financial products for business and Programme
communitydevelopment ImplementationofOpenData
To examine the feasibility of a at the level of all public
DanubeInvestmentFramework institutions in order to
improving online
collaborative and electronic
systems.
Increasing the use of e
government tools (including
trainingforcivilservants)
Competitiveness TO3 RegionalOperationalProgramme
Actions to improve access to
finance,includingthroughthe
provision of an appropriate
range of financial
instruments.

173
11)Towork TosupporttheDanubestatesinthe
together to administrative cooperation and
promote improvement of qualifications of
security law enforcement, judicial
and tackle authoritiesandotherservices
organized To improve target collection and
and serious share key criminal information; to
crime draw a picture of the most
significant threats in the countries
involved; to produce a Serious and
OrganisedCrimeThreatAssessment
(OCTA)fortheDanubeArea
To strengthen the cooperation of
Europol with Southeast European
Cooperative Initiative Regional
Centre for Combating Transborder
Crime
To develop further wellfunctioning
bordermanagementsystems
To intensify the prosecution of
Internetcrime(cybercrime)
To explore possibilities to extend
the current pilot project on
exchanges of advanced customs
informationintheRegion
To address the topic of better
managing migration issues in the
DanubeRegion
To continue demining in the mine
suspectedareasoftheDanubearea
Toimprovefoodsecurity
To establish standardised
operational procedures for joint
activities in case of trans boundary
technicaltechnological water
trafficaccidents
Competitiveness TO2 Modernization of the border
points, where justified,
through improvement of
customs infrastructure,
including IT systems and
equipment, in order to
remove bottlenecks and
transitwaitingtime
Administration TO11 AdministrativeCapacityOP
andGovernance strengthening participatory
development of consultation and
participation mechanism in
decisionmaking;
support the development for
monitoring and evaluation
mechanisms for the implemented
strategiesandpolicies;
developing modern
management systems and tools
for increasing performance in
publicinstitutionsatalllevels;
promotinggoodpracticerelated
to the delivery of public services
and encouraging exchange of
experience/networking site
between public and private
entities providing public services,
includingstakeholders.

174


AnnexIV

ComplementaritywiththeBlueGrowthStrategy

InpreparingtheAnnexIVwereconsideredthedatasubmittedintheCountryFichemadebyEunetmar
forD.G.Mare.

BlueGrowth:RelevancetoRomania'sESIProgramming
**
BlueEconomySectors Relevance FocusAreas Relevance
CoastalTourism*rankedno3intheTOP
marineandmaritimeactivitieswithmost
futurepotentialinRomaniaandno1in Medium
High MaritimeCoastalandCruiseTourism
theTOPlargestmarineactivitiesin
Romania,accordingwiththeCountry
Fiche
OffshoreOilandGas Low
DeepseaShipping Low
ShortSeaShipping* rankedno1inthe
TOPfastestgrowingmaritimeactivitiesin
Romaniaandrankedno7intheTOP
High
marineandmaritimeactivitieswithmost
futurepotentialinRomania,according
withtheCountryFiche
YachtingandMarinas Medium MaritimeCoastalandCruiseTourism Medium
PassengerFerryServices Low MaritimeCoastalandCruiseTourism Medium
CruiseTourism Low MaritimeCoastalandCruiseTourism Medium
Fisheries High
InlandWaterwayTransport*rankedno1
intheTOPmarineandmaritimeactivities
withmostfuturepotentialinRomania
High
andno2intheTOPfastestgrowing
maritimeactivitiesinRomania,according
withtheCountryFiche
CoastalProtection High
OffshoreWind Low BlueEnergy Low
MonitoringandSurveillance High
BlueBiotechnology Medium BlueBiotechnology Medium
Desalination Low
AggregatesMining Low MarineMineralResources Low
MarineAquaculture Low Aquaculture Low
MarineMineralMining Low MarineMineralResources Low
OceanRenewableEnergies Low BlueEnergy Low

*MarineandmaritimesectortargetedbyRomaniain20142020programmingperiod
**EU Blue Growth Focus Areas = suggested five value chains that could deliver sustainable growth and jobs in the blue economy, as
mentionedintheCOMMUNICATIONFROMTHECOMMISSIONTOTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENT,THECOUNCIL,THEEUROPEANECONOMIC
ANDSOCIALCOMMITTEEANDTHECOMMITTEEOFTHEREGIONSBlueGrowthopportunitiesformarineandmaritimesustainablegrowth
13.09.2012

175

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
1.1. Research and Partially
innovation: The existence
of a national or regional
smart specialisation
strategy in line with the
National Reform
Program, to leverage
private research and
innovation expenditure,
which complies with the
features of well
performing national or
regionalR&Isystems.
ANNEXV
Summaryofallapplicablegeneralandthematic/fundspecificexanteconditionalitiesatnationallevel
Reference(if
fulfilled)
Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
COHESIONPOLICYEXANTECONDITIONALITIES
A national or regional smart Yes In the Annex 3 of the RDI Strategy The National RDI Strategy 20142020 will be
specialisation strategy is in place there is a description of the endorsedbyGovernmentDecisionontheend
that: methodology used and of the ofMarch2014
is based on a SWOT or similar prioritisation/elimination process
analysis to concentrate resources aswell. 5 December 2013 the completion of the
on a limited set of research and The methodology of the entire preliminary version of the National RDI
innovationpriorities; exercise is built on the RIS3 Strategy20142020
Guidelines. The Strategy defines a December 2013 February 2014 public
policy mix focusing on a limited debate
number of priorities starting from (http://www.research.edu.ro/ro/articol/3343/
an analysis of the R&Ibased strategianationaladecercetaresiinovare
growth potential 20142020)
(http://www.poscce.edu.ro/upload March 2014 adoption of the National RDI
s/programare20142020/final StrategyasGovernmentDecision
report12aprilie.pdf ), taking into
accountthefirstresultsofnational
and sectorial strategies (e.g.
National Strategy for
Competitiveness, Health National
Strategy), and using modern
foresightmethods.
outlines measures to stimulate Yes Inthechapter4oftheRDIStrategy
privateRTDinvestment; there are measures to stimulate
privateRTDinvestments:
4.1 Setting out a stimulative
environmentforprivatesector
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
and4.2Supporttotheprocessof
smartspecialisation
Some of measures will be
implementedby:
RDI component of the new OP
Competitiveness
RegionalOP
HumanResourcesOP
RDINationalPlanIII.
The specified measures are based
on identified needs of enterprises.
To support RDI activity are
proposed fiscal measures and
financial instruments (seed capital,
venture capital and growth,
microcreditsa.s.o.)
containsamonitoringmechanism. Yes The RDI Strategy contains a
mechanism for monitoring and
evaluation based on established
indicators and targets. Chapter 5
Targets presents indicators with
their targets and chapter 6
Governancepresentsgovernance
structure of the monitoring
mechanism. In the chapter 6
Governancethereisadescription
of how the followup to the
findings of the monitoring will be
ensured.
A framework outlining available No
budgetary resources for research
andinnovationhasbeenadopted.
1.2 Research and An indicative multiannual plan for No

177

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
Innovation infrastructure.
The existence of a multi
annualplanforbudgeting
and prioritisation of
investments.
2.1. Digital growth: A No
strategic policy
framework for digital
growth to stimulate
affordable, good quality
and interoperable ICT
enabled private and
public services and
increase uptake by
citizens, including
vulnerable groups,
businesses and public
administrations including
crossborderinitiatives.
2.2. Next Generation No
Network (NGN)
Infrastructure: The
Reference(if
fulfilled)
Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
budgeting and prioritisation of
investments linked to Union
priorities, and, where appropriate,
the European Strategy Forum on
Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) has
beenadopted.
A strategic policy framework for No There is available a first draft of the National
digital growth, for instance, within the Strategy for Digital Agenda which is under
national or regional smart revision.
specialisation strategy is in place that http://www.mcsi.ro/Transparenta
contains: decizionala/Proiecte2013
budgeting and prioritisation of
actions through a SWOT or similar
analysis consistent with the
Scoreboard of the Digital Agenda
forEurope;
an analysis of balancing support
for demand and supply of ICT
shouldhavebeenconducted;
indicators to measure progress of
interventions in areas such as
digital literacy, einclusion, e
accessibility, and progress of e
health within the limits of Article
168TFEUwhicharealigned,where
appropriate, with existing relevant
sectoralUnion,nationalorregional
strategies;
assessment of needs to reinforce
ICTcapacitybuilding.
Anationaland/orregionalNGNPlan No A draft of the national NGA Plan is under
isinplacethatcontains: revision.
a plan of infrastrucutre
178

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
existence of national or
regionalNGNPlanswhich
take account of regional
actions in order to reach
the Union highspeed
Internet access targets,
focusing on areas where
the market fails to
provide an open
infrastructure at an
affordable cost and of a
quality in line with the
Union competition and
State aid rules, and to
provide accessible
services to vulnerable
groups.
3.1. Specific actions have Partially
been carried out to
underpin the promotion
of entrepreneurship
taking into account the
SmallBusinessAct(SBA).
Applicableexante
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
investmentsbasedonaneconomic
analysis taking account of existing
private and public infrastructures
andplannedinvestments;
sustainable investment models
that enhance competition and
provideaccesstoopen,affordable,
quality and futureproof
infrastructureandservices;
measures to stimulate private
investment.
Thespecificactionsare:
measures have been put in place
with the objective of reducing the
time and cost involved in setting
upabusinesstakingaccountofthe
targetsoftheSBA;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Yes Online services for business
community implemented by Trade
Register Office and Ministry of
Public Finance. The measure
support entrpreneurs by reducing
the time required to set up the
businessto3daysandalsoreduces
the costs for registration. Trade
RegisterOfficeobtainseletronically
fromtheMinistryofPublicFinance
thecertificateattestingdocuments
for company within the duration
forregistrationof3days.
Reducingthestartuptimefornew
enterprise to 3 working days and
the medium cost to 100 eur by
179

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
Criteria
level fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
measures have been put in place No
with the objective of reducing the
time needed to get licenses and
permits to take up and perform
the specific activity of an
enterprise taking account of the
targetsoftheSBA;
amechanismisinplacetomonitor Yes
the implementation of the
measures of the SBA which have
been put in place and assess the
impactonSMEs.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
2012 (Government Decision No.
902/2012 approving fees and
charges for operations performed
by the Trade Register Office was
published in the Official Monitor
No.667/September2012).
http://www.aippimm.ro/categorie/
propuneri_lg/
Order of the National Agency for By Government Decision No. 685/2013 was
Fiscal Administration established the Working Group for improving
No.2015/2012 Approving the the business environment, identifying,
procedure for electronic analyzing and elaborating of proposals for
demanding and sending the reducing and simplifybusinness licenses and
cerificateregardingtheregistration permits. WG elaborated an Action Plan 2013
of the document which stipulate 2014, concerning business environment
the right of space designated as improving, was approved by Primeminister
social quarters and the certificate andisunderimplementation.
for space designated as social
quarters.
http://www.aippimm.ro/categorie/
propuneri_lg/
Law no. 346/2004 (modifying and
completing) Art. 25 (4) estblishes
the Consultative Committee for
SMEs sector development, which
includes representatives from the
Chambers of Commerce and
industry, the employers of small
and medium enterprises, non
governmental organizations,
specialized bodies of central public
administration, as well as local
governmentauthorities.
180

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
4.1. Actions have been Yes
carried out to promote
costeffective
improvements of energy
end use efficiency and
costeffective investment
inenergyefficiencywhen
constructing or
renovatingbuildings.
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
Theactionsare:
measures to ensure minimum
requirements are in place related
to the energy performance of
buildings consistent with Article 3,
Article 4 and Article 5 of Directive
2010/31/EU of the European
ParliamentandoftheCouncil;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Law no. 346/2004 (modifying and
completing) Art.9 estblishes the
TaskForcefortheeconomicimpact
assessment of laws on small and
mediumsizedenterprises.
On the Decembre 2013 it was
approved the last additions on the
Lawno.346/2004thatstipulatethe
obligation of introducing and using
The SME Testfor each new
project of regulation, with impact
on business environment, as well
as of the only once, think small
firstand one in/one
outprinciples.
TheRegulationoforganizationand
functioning of Task Force and the
methodologie is approved by the
MinisterOrderoftheDepartament
for SMEs, Business Environment
and Tourism (Law no.346/2004
art.9(5))
http://www.aippimm.ro/categorie/
propuneri_lg/
Yes Law no. 159/2013 amending and The Law no. 372/2005 was republished in the
supplementing Law no. 372/2005 OfficialJournalofRomania,PartI,no.451/23rd
which transposing the Directive ofJuly2013.
UE/31/2010 was published in the
Official Journale no. 283/20 May The national legislation which transpose the
2013. reqiurements related to the energy
http://www.mdrt.ro/userfiles/lege performanceofbuildingsisasfollowing:
_modificare_372_2005.pdf
Order of the Minister of the transport,
181

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
constructionsandturismno.157/2007for
the approval of the technical regulations
The methodology for the calculations of
theenergyperformanceofbuildingsOJ
of Romanaia, Part. I no. 126 and 126
bis/21stoffFebruary2007;
Order of the Minister of regional
development and housing no. 1071/2009
regarding the ammending and
suplementingtheOrderoftheMinisterof
the transport, constructions and turism
no. 157/2007 for the approval of the
technical regulations The methodology
for the calculations of the energy
performance of buildings OJ of
Romanaia,Part.Ino.41and41bis/19thof
January2010;
Order of the Minister of regional
development and tourism no. 1217/2010
on completing the Annex no. 4 Part IV
Roundup calculating the energy
performanceofbuildingsandapartments,
indicativeMc001/42009toOrderofthe
Ministrer of transport, constructions and
tourism no. 157/2007 for the approval of
the technical regulations The
methodology for the calculations of the
energy performance of buildings OJ of
th
Romanaia,Part.Ino.243and243bis/16
ofApril2010;
Order of the Viceprim Minister of the
regional development and public
administration no. 2210/2013 on
182

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
Criteria
level fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
measures necessary to establish a Yes
system of certification of the
energy performance of buildings
consistent with Article 11 of
Directive2010/31/EU;
measures to ensure strategic Yes
planning on energy efficiency,
consistent with Article 3 of
Directive 2012/27/EU of the
European Parliament and of the
Council;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
amendingandsupplementingtheOrderof
the Minister of transport, constructions
andtourismno.157/2007fortheapproval
of the technical regulations The
methodology for the calculations of the
energy performance of buildings OJ of
Romanaia,Part.Ino.561and561bis/4th
ofSeptember2013.
Order of the Minister of transport,
constructions and tourism no.
157/2007 for the approval of
technical regulation Methodology
for calculating the energy
performance of buildings" as
amendedandsupplemented:
Part III Audit and performance
certificateofthebuildingChapter
III2.3,annex7and8Information
regardingbuildingcertified
Forresidentialbuildings:
GEO18/2009, approved with
amendments by Law
no.158/20011, with subsequent
amendmentsandcompletions
GEO 69/2010, approved with
amendmentsbyLawno.76/2011
183

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
4.2. Actions have been Yes
carried out to promote
highefficiency co
generation of heat and
power.
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
measures consistent with Article Yes
13 of Directive 2006/32/EC of the
European Parliament and of the
Council ( 3 ) on energy enduse
efficiency and energy services to
ensure the provision to final
customers of individual meters in
so far as it is technically possible,
financially reasonable and
proportionate in relation to the
potentialenergysavings.
Theactionsare: Yes
Supportforcogenerationisbased
on useful heat demand and
primary energy savings consistent
withArticle7(1)andpoints(a)and
(b) of Article 9(1) of Directive
2004/8/EC), Member States or
their competent bodies have
evaluated the existing legislative
and regulatory framework with
regardtoauthorisationprocedures
orotherproceduresinorderto:
a) encourage the design of co
generation units to match
economicallyjustifiabledemands
forusefulheatoutputandavoid
production of more heat than
usefulheat;and
b) reduce the regulatory and
nonregulatory barriers to an
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
GO 22/2008 regerding the energy As already stated by the energy law 13/2007
efficiency and promoting the end eachelectricenergyconsumptionpointhasto
usersofrenewableenergy(art.9). be retrofitted with an individual energy
meters. A similar situation applies to the gas
GD nr.1007/2004 for approval of market were approx. 6 % of such meters is
electricity supply to consumers located in buildings for groups of apartments
(art.85and128). (on a stair or for the whole block). For the
thermal energy those meters are installed at
the building perimeter. Smart metering
projectsareenvisaged.
Theelementsareprovidedbyart.8 GiventhetechnicalproblemsofoldCHPplants
according to GD 219/2007 on the built before 1980, is justified to develop a
promotion of cogeneration based program of support for maintaining high
onausefulheatdemand. efficiencycogenerationintheseplants,mainly
The raport regarding the by supporting cogeneration based on a useful
cogeneration potential according heat demand by providing of investment aids
to the Directive 2004/8/EC in the rehabilitation and modernization of
requirements on the promotion of production capacities in CHP through the EU
cogeneration in Romania fundingprogramfor20142020.
evaluationcouldbeconsultedon:
(http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficie
ncy/cogeneration/cogeneration_en
.htm)
ANREOrderno.48/2013regarding
the Regulation for licensing and
authorizations in the electricity
sector,art.19,par.(1)containsthe
necessary requirements. Similar
requirements were stated in the
previous regulation approved by
GD540/2004.
Last assessment (report, according
184

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
4.3. Actions have been
carried out to promote
the production and
distribution of renewable
energysources
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
increaseincogeneration.
Transparent support schemes, Yes
priority in grid access or guaranteed
accessandpriorityindispatching,as
wellasstandardrulesrelatingtothe
bearing and sharing of costs of
technical adaptations which have
been made public are in place
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
to Directive 2004/8/EC on the
promotion of cogeneration in
Romania evaluation) containing
barrier analysis is found at:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficie
ncy/cogeneration/cogeneration_en
.htm
The legislative framework for the
promotion of the support scheme
(the scheme bonus type support
has been notified to the European
Commission and the Romanian
authorities was approved by
CommissionDecisionC(2009)7085
of 17.09.2009 on State aid no.
437/2009 ) was completed, the
support for cogeneration in the
new scheme was granted in April
2011. Aspects of licensing and
networking were reviewed
periodicallyANRElastordersinthis
regardis59/2013and48/2013.
in the reporting, other support
measures are mentioned (eg
allocation of emission of
greenhousegases).
The site of the National Authority Transmission system operators and
for Energy Regulation contain distribution system operators guarantee the
informations about the promotion transmission and distribution of electricity
system, green certificates market, producedfromRESwithpriorityaccess.
origin guaranties, regulation
framework
(http://www.anre.ro/informatii.ph
185

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
5.1. Risk prevention and Partially
risk management: The
existence of national or
regional risk assessments
for disaster management
taking into account
climate change
adaptation
Applicableexante
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
consistentwithArticle14(1),Article
16(2) and 16(3) of Directive
2009/28/EC of the European
ParliamentandoftheCouncil.
A MS has adopted a national Yes
renewable energy action plan
consistentwithArticle4ofDirective
2009/28/EC.
A national or regional risk No
assessment with the following
elementsshallbeinplace:
a description of the process,
methodology, methods and non
sensitive data used for risk
assessment as well as of the risk
basedcriteriafortheprioritisation
ofinvestment;
a description of singlerisk and
multiriskscenarios;
taking into account, where
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
p?id=388:)
Lawno.220/2008forestablishinga
promotion system of energy
productionfromrenewableenergy
sources, with subsequents
ammendmentsandsupplements.
Government Decision no. 90/2008
approving the Regulation on
connecting users to public
electricitynetworks
http://www.anre.ro/documente.ph
p?id=332
NationalActionPlanonRenewable
Energy
http://www.minind.ro/energie/PN
AER_final.pdf
The plan follows the template
provided by the European
Commission (see in the Annex of
Decision2009/548/EC).
The last subcriteria is partially Anationalriscassesmentwillbemadethrough
achieved in the sense that the a technical assistance project. Final term is
National Strategy on Climate December2015.
Change 20132020 was approved
by the GO 529/2013. The Strategy
addresses two main components:
the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions concentration
(Mitigation) and adapting to the
effects of climate change
(Adaptation).
http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/wp
186

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
6.1. Water sector: The Partially
existence of a) a water
pricing policy which
provides adequate
incentives for users to
use water resources
efficiently and b) an
adequate contribution of
the different water uses
to the recovery of the
costs of water services at
a rate determined in the
approved river basin
management plan for
investment supported by
theprogrammes.
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
appropriate, national climate
changeadaptationstrategies.
In sectors supported by the ERDF No
and the Cohesion Fund, a Member
State has ensured a contribution of
the different water uses to the
recovery of the costs of water
services by sector consistent with
the first indent of Article 9(1) of
Directive 2000/60/EC having regard,
where appropriate, to the social,
environmentalandeconomiceffects
of the recovery as well as the
geographicandclimaticconditionsof
theregionorregionsaffected.
The adoption of a river basin Yes
managementplanfortheriverbasin
district consistent with Article 13 of
Directive2000/60/EC
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
content/uploads/2012/10/2012
1005Strategia_NRSC.pdf
National Action Plan on Climate
Changeswillbeelaboratedthrough
technical assistance in order to
operationalizethestrategy.
The measure was partially fulfilled The analiysis for the recovery of related costs
by Waters Law no.107/1996 with of water services will be completed in the
ammendments (Chapter V following Basin Rivers Management Plans, by
economic mechamnisms in water includingoftheexternalitiesofenvironmental
field, articles 8082, which costsandofcostsofresourcesonthebasisof
established the recovery costs of therecommendedmethodologiesofEuropean
services for water use) which Commission.
transposed the first indent of
Article 9(1) of Directive
2000/60/EC.
http://www.rowater.ro/Lists/Legisl
atie%20specifica/DispForm.aspx?ID
=1&Source=http%3A%2F%2Fwww
%2Erowater%2Ero%2FLists%2FLegi
slatie%2520specifica%2FAllitemsg
%2Easpx
The adoption of National TheRiverBasinManagementPlans(forthe11
Management Plan for the part of River Basins of Romania) elaborated by
the International Danube District National AdministrationApele Romane, in
which belongs to Romanian accordancewiththeprovisionsoftheDirective
Territory and of 11 River Basins 2000/60/CE establishing a framework for
Management Plans was achieved Community action in the field of water policy
by the approval of Governmental set out also and assessed the costs for the
Decisionno.80/2011 basis measures and supplementary measures
http://www.rowater.ro/Lists/Legisl for significant pollution sources. These
atie%20specifica/Allitemsg.aspx?Sh measures will assure to reach the good status
owInGrid=False of water in the context of implementation
187

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Everyriverbasinmanagementplan
for the river basin district are
consistent with Article 13 of
Directive 2000/60/EC and address
the elements of the Annex VII of
theDirective.
Explanation
process of European legislation in the field of
water, with the result in decreasing of the
pollutionofsurfacewaters.
Jiu:
http://www.rowater.ro/dajiu/SCAR/Planul%20
de%20management.aspx
ArgeVedea:
http://www.rowater.ro/daarges/Continut%20S
ite/Directive%20Europene/Planul%20de%20m
anagement.aspx
http://www.rowater.ro/daarges/SCAR/Planul%
20de%20management.aspx
Mure:
http://www.rowater.ro/damures/SCAR/Planul
%20de%20management.aspx
http://www.rowater.ro/damures/Planul%20de
%20Management%20al%20Bazinului%20Hidro
grafic%20Mure/Brosura%20%20pentru%20pu
blic%20PMB%20Mures.pdf
Banat:
http://www.rowater.ro/dabanat/SCAR/Planul
%20de%20Management.aspx
Criuri:
http://www.rowater.ro/dacrisuri/SCAR/Planul
%20de%20management.aspx
Prut:
http://www.rowater.ro/daprut/SCAR/Planul%
20de%20management.aspx
DobrogeaLitoral:
http://www.rowater.ro/dadobrogea/SCAR/Pla
nul%20de%20management.aspx
SomeTisa:
http://www.rowater.ro/dasomes/SCAR/Planul
188

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
6.2. Waste sector: Partially
Promoting economically
and environmentally
sustainable investments
in the waste sector
particularly through the
development of waste
management plans
consistent with Directive
2008/98/EC,andwiththe
wastehierarchy
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
An implementation report as Yes
requested by Article 11(5) of
Directive 2008/98/EC has been
submitted to the Commission on
progress towards meeting the
targets set out in Article 11 of
Directive2008/98/EC.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
The report is submitted to the Takingintoaccounttheprovisionsoftheart.11
Commission (14 February 2014).
ThereportispublishedonNational
Environmental Protection Agency
website
http://www.anpm.ro/upload/1240
82_Raport%20implementare%20Di
rectiva%20200898
CE%20privind%20deseurile.pdf
ThereportrespecttheCommission
Implementing Decision of
18.4.2012 establishing
questionnaire for Member States
reportsontheimplementationof
Directive 2008/98/EC of the
European Parliament and of the
Councilonwaste.
Explanation
%20de%20management.aspx
Siret:
http://www.rowater.ro/dasiret/SCAR/Planul%
20de%20management.aspx
Olt:
http://www.rowater.ro/daolt/SCAR/Planul%20
de%20management.aspx
BuzuIalomia:
http://www.rowater.ro/dabuzau/SCAR/Planul
%20de%20management.aspx
ANAR:
http://www.rowater.ro/SCAR/Planul%20de%2
0management.aspx
of the Directive 2008/98/EC, Romania is
implementingthefollowingmeasureswiththe
scopetomeetthetargetsby2020:
Romania has a requirement to reduce with
15% the quantities of waste disposed by
landfilling of municipal and similar wastes
collectedbypublicsanitationservice(Lawno.
167/2010)
http://www.afm.ro/main/legislatie_sus/legea
1672010.pdf
a prohibitingdisposalbylandfillingofthe:
o packaging waste , except those resulting
from selective collection or sorting
processes, which are not recoverable or
that can not be incinerated at waste
incineration plants with energy recovery
(art. 16, alin. 15, GD 621/2005),
http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/wp
content/uploads/2012/05/201205
189

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
The existence of one or more waste No National Waste Manangement
management plans as required Strategy (NWMS) is revised in
under Article 28 of Directive accordance with the new
2008/98/EC. requirements/European guidelines.
ItwasadoptedbyGD870/2013
http://mmediu.ro/new/wp
content/uploads/2014/01/2014
0128_SNGD_HG_870_2013.pdf
Explanation
18_hg_621_2005.pdf
o waste electrical and electronic equipment
(GD1037/2010)
http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/wp
content/uploads/2012/05/201205
18_hg_1037_2010.pdf
Also, in the proposed amendment of Law
101/2006 regarding sanitation services
adopted by Parliament, which is in process of
promulgating, measures shall be provided in
orderto:
o Implement separate collection system for
atleastfourfractions;
o Prohibit entrusting storage of recoverable
fractioncollectedseparatelyatsource;
o implementation of separate collection
schemes by color on both packaging and
nonpackaging materials from municipal
waste (investment projects financed from
European/national funds programming
period)
http://www.cdep.ro/pls/proiecte/docs/2010/c
d253_10.pdf
National Waste Management Plan (NWMP)
will be revised in accordance with NWMS and
the new requirements of Law 211/2011 on
waste which transpose Directive 2008/98/EC.
Currently we are preparing tender
documentationtochoosetheconsultantwhich
willrealizetheNWMP.
190

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Criteria
fulfilled:
The existence of waste prevention No
programmes, as required under
Article29ofDirective2008/98/EC;
Necessary measures to achieve the Yes
targetsonpreparationforreuseand
recycling by 2020 consistent with
Article11(2)ofDirective2008/98/EC
havebeenadopted.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
NationalWasteManagementPlanwillcontain
theNationalWastePreventionPlan.
Law on waste management The Law on waste management 211/2011
211/2011. contain the necessary measures in order to
http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/wp achieve the target on reuse and recycling by
content/uploads/2012/05/2012 2020inconformitywith theArticle11.2ofthe
0517_LEGE_211_2011.pdf Directive2008/98/EC.
GEO 31/2013 was introduced
the storage fee with a phased
structure from 50 lei/tonne in
2014, but by Law 384/24.12.2013
approving the ordinance,
enforcement was delayed until
January01in2017andthefeewill
be80lei/tonne.
http://www.afm.ro/legislatie_acte
_normative.php
art. 10(2), art.16 (2) GD
621/2005 on packaging and
packaging waste producer contain
priovisions for operators that
produce products packaged in
reusablepackaging.Theyshalltake
the necessary measures to ensure
anoptimalnumberofcyclesofuse
and producer responsibility
schemes for exploitation, ie
recyclingofpackagingwaste;
http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/wp
content/uploads/2012/05/2012
0518_hg_621_2005.pdf
article 7 (6) GD 1037/2010 on
191
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
waste electrical and electronic
equipment manufacturers are
obliged to organize the collection,
recoveryandrecyclingofelectrical
andelectronicequipment;
http://www.anpm.ro/legislations/v
iew/69
art. 7 (7) GD 1132/2008 on
batteries and accumulators and
wastebatteriesandaccumulators
manufacturers of batteries and
accumulators are required to
organize the collection of waste
batteriesandaccumulators
http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/wp
content/uploads/2012/05/2012
0518_hg_1132_2008.pdf

192

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
7.1. Transport: The
existence of a transportplanorplansorframework
comprehensive plan or
plans or framework or
frameworks for transport
investmentinaccordance
with the Member States'
institutional setup
(including public
transport at regional and
local level) which
supports infrastructure
development and
improves connectivity to
theTENTcomprehensive
andcorenetworks.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
No The existence of a comprehensive No
or frameworks for transport
investment which complies with
legal requirements for strategic
environmental assessment and sets
out:
thecontributiontothesingle
European Transport Area consistent
with Article 10 of Regulation No
1315/2013 of the european
Parliament and of the Council,
including priorities for investments
in:
the core TENT network and the
comprehensive network where
investment from the ERDF and CF is
envisaged;and
secondaryconnectivity.
a realistic and mature
pipeline for projects which support
from the ERDF and the Cohesion
Fundisenvisaged.
No No
Measures to ensure the capacity of
intermediary bodies and
beneficiaries to deliver the project
pipeline.
193
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
7.2. Railway: The Theexistenceofasectiononrailway
existence within the development within the transport
comprehensive transport plan(s) or framework(s) as set out
plan or plans or above which fulfills legal
framework or requirements for strategic
frameworks of a specific environmental assessment and sets
section on railway out a realistic and mature project
development in pipeline (including a timetable,
accordancewiththeMSs budgetaryframework);
institutional setup
(including public
transport at regional and Theexistenceofasectiononrailway
local level) which development within the transport
supports infrastructure plan or plans or framework or
development and frameworks as set out above which
improves connectivity to complieswithlegalrequirementsfor
theTENTcomprehensive strategic environmental assessment
and core networks. The (SEA) and sets out a realistic and
investmentscovermobile mature project pipeline (including a
assets, interoperability timetable and budgetary
andcapacitybuilding. framework);
Measures to ensure the capacity of
intermediary bodies and
beneficiaries to deliver the project
pipeline.

194

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
7.3. Other modes of No
transport, including
inlandwaterways and
maritimetransport,ports,
multimodal links and
airportinfrastructure:the
existence within the
comprehensive transport
plan or plans or
framework or
frameworks of a specific
section on inland
waterways and maritime
transport, ports,
multimodal links and
airport infrastructure,
which contribute to
improving connectivity to
theTENTcomprehensive
andcorenetworksandto
promoting sustainable
regional and local
mobility.
7.4 Development of Partially
smartenergydistribution,
storage and transmission
systems.
The existence of
comprehensive plans for
investments in smart
energy infrastructure,
and of regulatory
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Theexistenceofasectiononinland No
waterways and maritime transport,
ports, multimodal links and airport
infrastructure within the transport
plan or plans or framework or
frameworkswhich:
complies with legal requirements
for strategic environmental
assessment;
sets out a realistic and mature
project pipeline (including a
timetable and budgetary
framework);
Measures to ensure the capacity of
intermediary bodies and
beneficiaries to deliver the project
pipeline.
Comprehensiveplansdescribingthe Yes TheenergysectionoftheOPLarge
nationalenergyinfrastructurepriorities Infrastructure will contain
areinplacethatare: references to relevant plans and
in accordance with Article 22 of strategies (eg. National energy
Directive 2009/72/EC and of strategy, for Transelectrica the
Directive 2009/73/EC, where PerspectivePlanRETfortheperiod
applicable,and 20102014 and guidance for 2019
consistent with the relevant http://www.transelectrica.ro/plan
regional investment plans under perspectiva).
Article12andwiththeUnionwide Accordingtoart.34(1)andart.125
195

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
measures, which
contribute to improving
energy efficiency and
securityofsupply
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
tenyear network development
plan in accordance with point (b)
of Article 8(3) of Regulation (EC)
No 714/2009 of the European
ParliamentandoftheCouncil(6)
and with Regulation (EC) No
715/2009 of the European
ParliamentandoftheCouncil(7),
and
compatible with Article 3(4) of
Regulation (EU) No 347/2013 of
the European Parliament and of
theCouncil(8);.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
(6) from Law for electric energy
and natural gas, the transport and
system operator (for electric
energyandfornaturalgas)hasthe
obligation to develop a plan for
network transport for 10 years,
approved by the competent
authority(NAER).
The articles mentioned above
transpose art. 13(1), lit. c) from
Directive EC/72/2009, respectively
art. 14(2) lit. c) from Directive
EC/73/2009, because the
separation model of the activities
choosen by the romanian
authorities is the independent
systemoperator(ISOModel).
Transelectrica
Theperspectiveplanisbasedon:
the communications received
from the producers and
investors from the production
units;
prognosis of the National
Comission of Prognosis
regardingtheGDPevolution;
the communications received
from the electric energy
distribution operators and
fromthesupplyers;
The Plan presents the invetment
projects needed to develop the
national transport network for the
196

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
electric energy; it is important to
be mentioned that the Plan was
publishedontheTranselectricasite
forpublicconsultation.
Transgaz
The 10 years plan is being
developed according to art. 128(e)
from Law for electric energy and
naturalgasno.123/2012anditwill
be approved by the NAER in the
next period, after public
consultation.
Electricenergy
Inthenewmethodologyforsetting
tariffs for electricity transmission
service, approved by ANRE Order
no.53/2013 (methodology for
establishing the tariffs for
electricity transmission) in Section
9 Investments are stated criteria
for selection / recognition of
investmentsbyregulators.
Projects are prioritized in the
perspective plan considering the
existing ranking criteria ANRE
Order53/2013.
In plan view is mentioned priority
of the grid power stations which
will perform works of
refurbishment/modernizationand
major maintenance, according to
certaincriteria,andarementioned
technical solutions promoted
197

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Criteria
fulfilled:
Thoseplansshallcontain:
a realistic and mature project
pipeline for projects for which
support from the ERDF is
envisaged;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
priority.
Also, the criteria were applied
ENTSOE to develop TYNDP and
criteria of EC Regulation
no.347/2013.
Naturalgas
TRANSGAZ sent proposals in
TYNDP, GRIP and in accordance
with Regulation (EU) no.347/2013
of the EP and EC Projects of
CommonInterest(PCI),andwillbe
found and the 10year
development plan that will send
ANRE.
Prioritizing projects in the
transportgasisconditionedbythe
level and speed in which the
scenariosrelatedtotransportation,
upstreamanddownstream.
Theprojectslistisavailableon
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/infrast
ructure/pci/doc/2013_pci_projects
_country.pdf
No Transmission system operators
intendtoaccessstructuralfundsin
thenextperiod.
Perspective Plan contains
staggering 10year grid
development projects, including
annual cost estimate, considering
thelawonobtainingapprovalsand
permits,andfundingsources.
TRANSGAZ is provided in program

198

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Criteria
fulfilled:
measurestoachievetheobjectives Yes
of social and economic cohesion
and environmental protection, in
line with Article 3(10) of Directive
2009/72/EC and Article 3(7) of
Directive2009/73/EC;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
development projects that will
require funding from the ERDF
20142020.
Development plans include the
financing and achievement of
investments on transport
networks, taking into account the
plansandsystematizetheterritory
traversed by them, in compliance
withenvironmentalregulations.
Feasibilitystudiesofprojectsinthe
perspective plan include measures
to protect the environment by
ensuring compliance with the
legislation in force, and increase
transport efficiency by reducing
powerlosses.
Methodology for establishing the
tariffs for electricity transmission,
approved by ANRE Order
no.53/2013, establishes the
determination of income and
calculation of tariffs for electricity
transmission.
Transmission service charge is
determinedbyusingarevenuecap
methodology.
By applying this type of incentive
regulationwasintendedtoensure:
equitable allocation between
transmission system operator
and transmission service
beneficiaries by increasing the
199

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
efficiency gains arising beyond
the limits established by the
competentauthority;
efficient operation of the
transportcompany,preventing
to obtain the transmission
system operator of any
possible advantages arising
fromthemonopolyposition;
promotingefficientinvestment
in electricity transmission grid
andinterconnections;
promoting efficient
maintenance and operation
practices;
efficient use of existing
infrastructure, continuously
improveservicequality;
financial viability of the
transportcompany;
public information and
transparency in the regulatory
process.
The same type of incentive
regulation is applied to determine
the transmission tariffs for natural
gasnetworks.
measures to optimise the use of Yes In accordance with art.16, par.(1)
energy and promote energy of the Law for Electricity and gas
efficiency,inlinewithArticle3(11) licensees to establish and licenses
of Directive 2009/72/EC and are required to conduct their
Article 3(8) of Directive activitiesincompliancewithpublic
2009/73/EC. service obligations relating to
200

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
safety, quality and price of
electricity supplied, continuity of
supply, energy efficiency, with
compliance with health and safety
at work and environmental
protection and the provisions of
direct contracts with consumers.
Art.2 (e) of the same law states
that activities in the field of
electricityandthermalenergyfrom
cogenerationshallbeconductedto
achievethefollowingobjectives:
transparency of tariffs and
dutiesonelectricitypricesina
pricing policy aimed at
increasing energy efficiency
cycle generation, transmission,
distribution and use of
electricity.
Regulated prices and tariffs
proposals are developed by
operators in the electricity sector
with respect methodologies issued
by the competent authority and
notified authorities with
substantiation in the format
prescribedbyit.
In accordance with art.79, (4),
letter f and g methodologies of
transmission and distribution
tariffs must contain elements for
short and long term incentives to
increaseenergyefficiency,security
201

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
of supply, harmonious integration
in the market and supporting the
workrelatedtoresearchscope.
Please note that both the
calculation methodology for
setting transmission tariffs applied
and used in determining the
distributiontariffsareanincentive,
operators of regulated revenue
recognized is adjusted for an
efficiency factor which takes
account of the measures taken by
operators to reduce operating and
maintenance costs and the
acquisition of energy losses in
networks.The income made from
the allocation of transmission
capacity on the interconnection
lines are used primarily to finance
investment to increase
interconnection capacity with
neighboring systems. Costs
justifiedbytheoperatorforstudies
andresearcharerecognizedbythe
regulatoryauthority.
Transmission and distribution
tariffs are nondiscriminatory and
reflects the justified costs of the
operators, taking into account the
marginal, avoided network costs
on long term as a result of
distributed generation and
demandmanagementmeasures.
202

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
8.1. Active labour market No
policies are designed and
delivered in the light of
the Employment
guidelines
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Inaccordancewithart.66and159
of Law for electricity and natural
gas.no 123/2012 NAER assessed
the implementation of intelligent
metering systems and concluded
that the implementation of
intelligent metering systems is
feasiblefortheelectricitysector.
NAER has In preparation an order
to identify the required
functionality and implementation
plan(firstquarter2014).
In case of Transelectrica
refurbishing projects are applying
generalizedintroductionstrategy.
Employment services have the No Active measures to stimulate Even if a legal framework in place contains
capacityto,anddo,deliver: employmentareforeseenbythe active, preventive and early intervention
personalised services and active Law no. 76/2002, recently measures, in order to deliver personalized
and preventive labour market amended by Law no. 250/2013. services, especially for the disadvantages or
measures at an early stage, which Theobjectivestobeachievedby marginalised community, an analysis on PES
are open to all jobseekers while the Public Employment Service capacity in delivery these types of services
focusing on people at highest risk are foreseen within the annual mustbeperformed.
of social exclusion, including contract of management
people from marginalised performance signed between
communities; MinistryofLabour,Family,Social
Protection and Elderly and PES.
The results of achieving the
performance indicators are
reportedquarterly.
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/image
s/Documente/Legislatie/Munca_Le
gislatie/2013_Legea_76_2002.doc
Early intervention measures are
203

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
available in accordance with the
provisions of chapter. 4
"Measures for preventing
unemployment"ofLaw.76/2002
and of Government Decision no.
278/2002 for approving the
procedures concerning the
access to measures for
preventing unemployment,
financing means and
implementationinstructions
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/image
s/Documente/Legislatie/Munca_Le
gislatie/2013_Legea_76_2002.doc
http://www.mmuncii.ro/pub/imag
emanager/images/file/Legislatie/H
OTARARIDE
GUVERN/HG%20nr%20278%20din
%202002.doc
Inclusive service offer, free of
chargeisprovidedinaccordance
with Law no. 76/2002, recently
amended by Law no. 250/2013.
Thus, the services provided by
NEA are free of charge and are
provided without any
discrimination to all persons
registered.
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/image
s/Documente/Legislatie/Munca_Le
gislatie/2013_Legea_76_2002.doc
Individual action plan is designed
for all persons included in NEA
204

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
registers based on the individual
mediation plan foreseen in art. 60
of Law no. 76/2002 and in
accordance with NEAs President
Orderno.85/2002asamendedand
supplemented by the Order
281/2004)
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/image
s/Documente/Legislatie/Munca_Le
gislatie/2013_Legea_76_2002.doc
http://www.anofm.ro/ordinulnr
852002%28modifsicompletat
ord2812004%29
Special measures targeted to
disadvantagedpeopleonthelabor
market are established in the
annual employment programs and
training plans which are approved
by the board of directors and by
MoLFSPE
Special measures to stimulate
employment for people under risk
of exclusion are provided in
accordance with the provisions of
Section 3 "Promoting labor market
participationofyoungpeopleunder
risk of social marginalization" Law.
76/2002 as amended by Law no.
250/2013)
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/image
s/Documente/Legislatie/Munca_Le
gislatie/2013_Legea_76_2002.doc
205

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Criteria
fulfilled:
comprehensive and transparent No
information on new job vacancies
and employment opportunities
taking into account the changing
needsofthelabourmarket;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Two of the subcriteria considered
under this criteria are fulfilled,
namely:
National Employment Agency is
implementing actions aimed at
increasing transnational mobility
under an annual plan of
activities, part of the EURES
network, which is funded by the
European Commission. Through
EURES portal is provided access
to vacancies available in other
EU Member States, this service
being accessible from the NEAs
website. Transferring vacancies
to EURES Mobility Job Portal is
already carried out by the NEA,
which exports through web
servicethejobsfromnationalto
Europeanlevel.
https://ec.europa.eu/eures/home.j
sp?lang=ro
https://ec.europa.eu/eures/main.js
p?catId=3&acro=eures&lang=ro
At NEAs level, there is a system
for recording the vacancies
notifiedbyemployers.Dailyoffer
of job vacancies is visible on the
NEAswebsite.
http://www.semm.ro/LMV/home.s
eam
Measuresshallbetakeninorderto
have a system for a nationwide
206

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
collection and analysis of labour
market data/labour market
intelligence.
Employment services have set up No Five of the subcriteria considered It is necessary to complete some steps in
formal or informal cooperation under this criteria are fulfilled, order to develop the cooperation with the
arrangements with relevant namely: temporaryworkagencies.
stakeholders. Employment service providers
can provide services only if they
are accredited by the NEA and
registered in the register of
accredited providers of
employment services. As
necessary, PES is contracting
specialized services with the
accredited providers in
accordance with the Law.
Accredited employment service
providers have the obligation to
communicate monthly to
employment agencies under
their jurisdiction the number of
unemployed who benefitted of
mediation services and those
employed.
There is cooperation with public
authorities regarding the
granting of other benefits,
namely those concerning the
minimum guaranteed income.
there is an exchange of
information between city halls
and local PES so that to be able
to correctly apply the law

207
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
416/2001
Specialized employment services
(labour mediation and
information and professional
counselling) can be contracted
fromtheprivateproviders
PES is providing training courses
boththroughitsowncentresand
also through authorized training
providers by the law, based on
signed contracts. PES organizes
eachyearjobfairsforgraduates,
in all counties, as specific
mediation actions in
collaboration with schools,
employers and other relevant
partners. The PES works with
schools, local authorities,
providers of employment
services, training providers as
part of ESF funded projects
based on partnership
agreements.
http://www.anofm.ro/search/nod
e/burse
http://www.anofm.ro/protocol
ministeruleducatiei
Specificagreementsweresigned
with Ministry of Education
(2012) and National
AdministrationofPenitentiaries
http://www.anofm.ro/protocol
penitenicare

208
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
http://www.anofm.ro/protocol
ministeruleducatiei

8.2. Selfemployment, Partially A strategic policy framework for

entrepreneurship and inclusive startup support is in place
business creation: the withthefollowingelements:
existence of a strategic measures have been put in place
Yes SeeExanteconditionalityno.3.1
policy framework for with the objective of reducing the
inclusivestartup. time and cost involved in setting
up a business, taking account of
thetargetsoftheSBA;
measures have been put in place
with the objective of reducing the
time needed to get licenses and
permits to take up and perform No SeeExanteconditionalityno.3.1
the specific activity of an
enterprise, taking account of the
targetsoftheSBA;
actions linking suitable business No Annualy, The Government The analysis eleborated within the National
developmentservicesandfinancial approved programs in order to Strategy and Action Plan on Social Inclusion
services (access to capital), stimulate the creation and and Poverty Reduction and National Strategy
including reaching out to development of SMEs, in Regarding Elderly and Active Ageing will
disadvantaged groups, areas, or consultation with organizations contribute to identify disadvantaged and
both,whereneeded. representing the interests of small underrepresentedgroups.
and medium enterprises (see Law
no.346/2004,art.17,18and25).

In order to improve the access to
finance for small and medium
enterprises, operates the National
Credit Guarantee Fund for SMEs,
established by decision of the
Government as venture capital

209
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
institution (based on Law
no.346/2004,art.28).
Annualy, Departament for SMEs,
BusinessEnvironmentandTourism
implemented special programes
dedicated young people and
women entrpreneurs
(http://www.aippimm.ro/categorie
/programe/
8.3. Labour market No Actions to reform employment No Activemeasurestostimulate Evenifalegalframeworkinplacecontains
institutions are services, aiming at providing them employment are foreseen by active, preventive and early intervention
modernised and withthecapacitytodeliver: theLawno.76/2002,recently measures,inordertodeliverpersonalized
strengthened in the light personalised services and active
amended by Law no. services, especially for the disadvantages
of the Employment and preventive labour market
250/2013. The objectives to ormarginalisedcommunity,ananalysison
Guidelines; measures at an early stage, which
are open to all jobseekers while be achieved by the Public PES capacity in delivery these types of
Reformsoflabourmarket Employment Service are servicesmustbeperformed.
institutions will be focusing on people at highest risk
of social exclusion, including foreseen within the annual
preceded by a clear
people from marginalised contract of management
strategic policy
framework and ex ante communities; performance signed between
assessment including the Ministry of Labour, Family,
genderdimension Social Protection and Elderly
and PES. The results of
achieving the performance
indicators are reported
quarterly.
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/2013_Legea_76_
2002.doc
Early intervention measures
are available in accordance

210

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
with the provisions of
chapter. 4 "Measures for
preventingunemployment"of
Law. 76/2002 and of
Government Decision no.
278/2002 for approving the
procedures concerning the
access to measures for
preventing unemployment,
financing means and
implementationinstructions
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/2013_Legea_76_
2002.doc
http://www.mmuncii.ro/pub/i
magemanager/images/file/Legi
slatie/HOTARARIDE
GUVERN/HG%20nr%20278%20
din%202002.doc
Early intervention measures
delivered by PES to those
searching a job before
becoming long term
unemployed are monitored
based on a managerial
performance indicators
included in the annual
contract signed with
MoFFSPE
211

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
http://www.anofm.ro/contract
performantamanageriala2012
http://www.anofm.ro/contract
performantamanageriala2013
http://www.anofm.ro/contract
performantamanageriala2014
Inclusive service offer, free
of charge is provided in
accordance with Law no.
76/2002, recently amended
by Law no. 250/2013. Thus,
the servicesprovided byNEA
are free of charge and are
provided without any
discrimination to all persons
registered.
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/2013_Legea_76_
2002.doc
Individual action plan is
designed for all persons
included in NEA registers
based on the individual
mediation plan foreseen in
art. 60 of Law no. 76/2002
andinaccordancewithNEAs
President Order no. 85/2002
as amended and
supplemented by the Order
212

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
281/2004)
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/2013_Legea_76_
2002.doc
http://www.anofm.ro/ordinul
nr852002%28modifsi
completatord2812004%29
Specialmeasurestargetedto
disadvantagedpeopleonthe
labor market are established
in the annual employment
programs and training plans
which are approved by the
board of directors and by
MoLFSPE
Special measures to
stimulate employment for
peopleunderriskofexclusion
are provided in accordance
withtheprovisionsofSection
3 "Promoting labor market
participationofyoungpeople
under risk of social
marginalization" Law.
76/2002 as amended by Law
no.250/2013)
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/2013_Legea_76_
213

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
2002.doc
Infrastructure development
and diversification of
channels of service to
beneficiarieswasdoneby:
Creating the opportunity to
use online services such as
registration in NEAs database
introduction CV and job
vacancies (Semm system)
release the documents
requestedbybeneficiariesetc.
Using professional card
information to increase the
efficiency of mediation
services;
Development of Call Centres
andselfserviceoffices
http://www.semm.ro/LMV/ho
me.seam
comprehensive and transparent Two of the subcriteria
information on new job vacancies considered under this criteria
and employment opportunities arefulfilled,namely:
taking into account the changing
NationalEmploymentAgency
needsofthelabourmarket.
is implementing actions
aimed at increasing
transnational mobility under
an annual plan of activities,
part of the EURES network,
which is funded by the
European Commission.
214

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Through EURES portal is
provided access to vacancies
availableinotherEUMember
States, this service being
accessible from the NEAs
website. Transferring
vacancies to EURES Mobility
Job Portal is already carried
out by the NEA, which
exports through webservice
the jobs from national to
Europeanlevel
For the implementation of
the EURES tasks, the NEA
created and trained a
nationwide network of 43
EURES advisers, territorially
distributed within each
county employment agency,
respectively AMOFM
Bucharest and NEA. EURES
advisers have tasks both to
ensure transparency on the
vacant jobs as well as on
providing information about
working and living conditions
in each Member State of the
European Economic Area.
EURES advisers offer three
basic EURES services:
215

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Criteria
fulfilled:
Reform of employment services will No
include the creation of formal or
informal cooperation networks with
relevantstakeholders.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
information, counseling and
mediation both to employers
and job seekers interested in
theEuropeanlabormarket.
https://ec.europa.eu/eures/home.j
sp?lang=ro
https://ec.europa.eu/eures/main.js
p?catId=3&acro=eures&lang=ro
At NEAs level, there is a system
for recording the vacancies
notifiedbyemployers.Dailyoffer
of job vacancies is visible on the
NEAswebsite.
http://www.semm.ro/LMV/ho
me.seam
Measures shall be taken in
order to have a system for a
nationwide collection and
analysis of labour market
data/labour market
intelligence.
Five of the subcriteria
considered under this criteria
arefulfilled,namely:
Employment service
providers can provide
services only if they are
accredited by the NEA and
registered in the register of
accredited providers of
employment services. As
216

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
necessary, PES is contracting
specialized services with the
accredited providers in
accordance with the Law.
Accredited employment
service providers have the
obligation to communicate
monthly to employment
agencies under their
jurisdiction the number of
unemployed who benefitted
of mediation services and
thoseemployed.
There is cooperation with
public authorities regarding
the granting of other
benefits, namely those
concerning the minimum
guaranteed income. there is
an exchange of information
between city halls and local
PES so that to be able to
correctly apply the law
416/2001
Specialized employment
services (labour mediation
and information and
professional counselling) can
be contracted from the
privateproviders
217

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
PES is providing training
coursesboththroughitsown
centres and also through
authorized training providers
by the law, based on signed
contracts.PESorganizeseach
yearjobfairsforgraduates,in
all counties, as specific
mediation actions in
collaboration with schools,
employersandotherrelevant
partners.ThePESworkswith
schools, local authorities,
providers of employment
services,trainingprovidersas
part of ESF funded projects
based on partnership
agreements.
http://www.anofm.ro/search/n
ode/burse
http://www.anofm.ro/protocol
ministeruleducatiei
Specific agreements were
signed with Ministry of
Education (2012) and
National Administration of
Penitentiaries
http://www.anofm.ro/protocol
penitenicare
http://www.anofm.ro/protocol
218
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
ministeruleducatiei

8.4. Active and healthy Partially Relevant stakeholders are involved No

ageing: Active ageing inthedesignandfollowupofactive
policies are designed in ageing policies with a view to
the light of the retaining elderly workers on the
EmploymentGuidelines. labour market and promoting their
employment;
A Member State has measures in Yes Inthefieldofactiveageingthe
placetopromoteactiveageing. following analysis have been
elaborated:
regarding the National
Strategy for Employment
20142020,
for the development of the
PartnershipAgreement
within the research and
developmentprojectStrategy
to promote employment
amongolderpeople.
Regarding employment, were
identified:
causes that generate the
need for measures to
promoteactiveaging
targetgroup
targeted measures for the
older workers and the main
stakeholders involved in

219

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
providingthesemeasures
measures to encouraging
employers to hire people
over 45 or those who have
five years until the
conditions for retirement,
free evaluation skills
acquired in nonformal and
informal systems, training
etc.
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Munca/2014
DOES/201401
31_HG_1071din2013.doc
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Munca/2014
DOES/201401
31_Anexa1_Strategia_de_Ocup
are.pdf
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Munca/2014
DOES/201401
31_Anexa_2_Plan_actiuni.pdf
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/2013_Legea_76_
2002.doc
220

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
8.5. Adaptation of Partially
workers, enterprises and
entrepreneurs to change:
The existence of policies
aimed at favouring
anticipation and good
management of change
andrestructuring.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Instruments are in place to support No
socialpartnersandpublicauthorities
to develop and monitor proactive
approaches towards change and
restructuring which include
measures:
topromoteanticipationofchange;
to promote the preparation and Yes For preparation and
management of the restructuring management of the
process. restructuring process the
followingmeasuresareinplace:
outplacement measures, the
EGF supported measures,
other measures adapted to
the context ig. GEO
36/2013, possibly other
measures supported by
employers from their own
funds;
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/2013_Legea_76_
2002.doc
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/OUG_36_pe_201
3.doc
http://www.feg.anofm.ro/hgr
nr1086din2010/
vocational training, free
221
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
assessment of the skills
obtained in nonformal and
informal system, mobility
bonuses, consultancy and
assistance for starting an
independent activity and a
development of new
business, incentives for
employers, minimis aid
schemesforthedevelopment
and modernization of
enterprises, EGF supported
measuresetc.
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/im
ages/Documente/Legislatie/Mu
nca_Legislatie/2013_Legea_76_
2002.doc
http://discutii.mfinante.ro/stati
c/10/Mfp/ajutordestat/hg1164
_2007.pdf
http://www.feg.anofm.ro/hgr
nr1086din2010/
measures supported by
regional pacts, other
measures and structural and
cohesion tools accessed
throughspecificschemes).
8.6. The existence of a Partially A strategic policy framework for No
strategic policy promoting youth employment is in
framework for promoting placethat:

222
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
youth employment is based on evidence that
including through the measures the results for young
implementation of the people not in employment,
YouthGuarantee. education or training and that
represents a base to develop
targeted policies and monitor
This ex ante
developments;
conditionality applies
only for implementation identifies the relevant public Yes Youth Guarantee
oftheYEI authority in charge of managing Implementation Plans 2014
youth employment measures and 2015
coordinating partnerships across http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/image
alllevelsandsectors; s/Documente/Munca/2014
DOES/PIgarantiapttineret2014
2015.pdf
involves stakeholders that are Yes Youth Guarantee
relevant for addressing youth Implementation Plans 2014
unemployment; 2015
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/image
s/Documente/Munca/2014
DOES/PIgarantiapttineret2014
2015.pdf
allows early intervention and No
activation;
comprisessupportivemeasuresfor Yes Youth Guarantee
access to employment, enhancing Implementation Plans 2014
skills, labour mobility and 2015
sustainable integration of young http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/image
people not in employment, s/Documente/Munca/2014
education or training into the DOES/PIgarantiapttineret2014
labourmarket. 2015.pdf

223

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
9.1. The existence and Partially
the implementation of a
national strategic policy
framework for poverty
reduction aiming at the
activeinclusion ofpeople
excluded from the labour
marketinthelightofthe
Employmentguidelines.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
A national strategic policy No
framework for poverty reduction,
aimingatactiveinclusion,isinplace
that:
providesasufficientevidencebase
to develop policies for poverty
reduction and monitor
developments;
contains measures supporting the No
achievement of the national
povertyandsocialexclusiontarget
(asdefinedintheNationalReform
Programme), which includes the
promotion of sustainable and
quality employment opportunities
for people at the highest risk of
social exclusion, including people
frommarginalisedcommunities;
involves relevant stakeholders in No
combatingpoverty;
dependingontheidentifiedneeds, Yes Measures are included in the
includes measures for the shift draft National Strategy for
from institutional to community the Protection and
basedcare;
Promotion of children's
rights 20142020. The
Strategy is posted on the
website at the following
address:
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/in
dex.php
/ro/transparenta/proiectein
dezbatere
224

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
/317220140203proiecthg
strategiecopii
The strategy aims to promote
the investment in the
development and welfare of
the child, based on a holistic
and integrated approach by all
institutions and state
authorities, respecting
children's rights, meet their
needs, as well as universal
accesstoservices.
Measures are included in the
draft National Strategy
regardingthesocialinclusion
of persons with disabilities
2014 2020. The Strategy is
posted on the Ministry
website at the following
address:
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/
index.php/ro/transparenta/pr
oiecte
indezbatere/3191201402
12strategiedppd
Measures for raising and child
care by a professional
caregiver; care of the disabled
person by the attendants,
respitecentre,crisiscentre,and
225

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
9.2. A national Roma Partially
inclusion strategic policy
frameworkisinplace
Criteria
fulfilled:
Upon request and where necessary
No
relevant stakeholders can be
providedwithsupportforsubmitting
project applications and for
implementing and managing the
selectedprojects.
AnationalRomainclusionstrategyis Yes
inplacethat:
setsachievablenationalgoalsfor
Roma integration to bridge the
gapwiththegeneralpopulation.
Thesetargetsshouldaddressthe
four EU Roma integration goals
relating to access to education,
employment, healthcare and
housing;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
training centres for
independentliving.
The general interest services
market is regulated and
providesservicesatcommunity
level:PES,publicsocialservices,
schoolafterschool and second
chance programmes, education
and training, social and health
services, social housing
programme.
The objectives of the G.D. no. The G.D. no. 1221/2011 is in process of
1221/2011approvingTheStrategy reviewing:
of the Government of Romaniafor
1. Completing the consultation process,
the Inclusion of the Romanian
accordingtoG.D.no.870/2006:
Citizens belonging to Roma
Minority for the period 2012 2.1.consultationofcentralpublicinstitutions;
2020 (The Strategy) target the 2.2.publicconsultation;
fields of education, employment, 2.AdoptingtheStrategy.
health, housing, cultural identity,
community development, child
protection,justiceandpublicorder
(chapterVScopeandobjectives
oftheGovernmentStrategy
http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/M
226

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Criteria
fulfilled:
identifies where relevant those No
disadvantaged microregions or
segregated neighbourhoods,
where communities are most
deprived, using already available
socioeconomic and territorial
indicators (i.e. very low
educational level, longterm
unemployment,etc);
includes strong monitoring No
methods to evaluate the impact
ofRomaintegrationactionsanda
review mechanism for the
adaptationofthestrategy,
is designed, implemented and Yes
monitored in close cooperation
and continuous dialogue with
Roma civil society, regional and
localauthorities.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
O6bis.pdf
http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/St
rategie_EN.pdf
1. The Strategy provides a mechanism of
monitoringandassessment(chapterXII)
http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/MO6bis.pdf
In 2014 year, two monitoring reports on GD
1221/2011 (for 2012 and 2013 years) and an
independentevaluationoftheStrategywillbe
produced.
2. The Strategy includes the amendment,
adaptation, completing and updating of legal
provisions(chapterIDuration)
http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/MO6bis.pdf
Action is necessary to be taken in order to
haveareviewmechanismfortheadaptationof
thestrategy.
The Strategy provides the civil
society and local and regional
authorities involvement (joint
working groups, local initiative
groups, local working groups,
County Offices for Roma etc.) for
227

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
9.3.Health:Theexistence No
of a national or regional
strategic policy
framework for health
withinthelimitsofArticle
168 TFEU ensuring
economicsustainability.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
implementing and monitoring the
strategy(chapterXII)
http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/M
O6bis.pdf
Upon request and where necessary No
relevant stakeholders can be
providedwithsupportforsubmitting
project applications and for
implementing and managing the
selectedprojects.
Anationalorregionalstrategicpolicy No A draft of the Strategy is available on the
frameworkforhealthisinplacethat websiteoftheMinistryofHealth.
contains:
coordinated measures to
improve access to health
services;
measures to stimulate efficiency
in the health sector, through
deployment of service delivery
modelsandinfrastructure;
amonitoringandreviewsystem.
A MS or region has adopted a No
framework outlining available
budgetaryresourcesonanindicative
basis and a costeffective
concentration of resources on
prioritisedneedsforhealthcare.
228

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
10.1 Early school leaving: No
The existence of a
strategic policy
framework to reduce
early school leaving (ESL)
withinthelimitsofArticle
165TFEU.
10.2 Higher education: No
The existence of a
national or regional
strategic policy
framework for increasing
tertiary education
attainment, quality and
efficiency within the
limitsofArticle165TFEU.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Asystemforcollectingandanalysing No
data and information on ESL at
relevantlevelsisinplacethat:
providesasufficientevidencebase
to develop targeted policies and
monitorsdevelopments.
A strategic policy framework on ESL
isinplacethat:
isbasedonevidence;
covers relevant educational
sectors including early childhood
development, targets in particular
vulnerablegroupsthataremostat
risk of ESL including people from
marginalised communities, and
addressesprevention,intervention
andcompensationmeasures;
involves all policy sectors and
stakeholders that are relevant to
addressESL.
Anationalorregionalstrategicpolicy No
framework for tertiary education is
inplacewiththefollowingelements:
where necessary, measures to
increase participation and
attainmentthat:
increase higher education
participation among low income
groups and other under
represented groups with special
regard to disadvantaged people,
including people from
marginalisedcommunities;
229

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
10.3. Lifelong learning: No
The existence of a
national and/or regional
strategic policy
framework for lifelong
learning within the limits
ofArticle165,TFEU
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
reduce dropout rates/ improve
completionrates;
encourage innovative content
andprogrammedesign;
measures to increase No
employability and
entrepreneurshipthat:
encourage the development of
"transversal skills", including
entrepreneurship in relevant
highereducationprogrammes;
reduce gender differences in
terms of academic and
vocationalchoices.
Anationalorregionalstrategicpolicy No
framework for lifelong learning is in
placethatcontainsmeasures:
to support the developing and
linking services for LL, including
their implementation and skills
upgrading (i.e. validation,
guidance, education and training)
and providing for the involvement
of, and partnership with relevant
stakeholders;
to for the provision of skills No
development for various target
groups where these are identified
asprioritiesinnationalorregional
strategic policy frameworks (for
example young people in
vocationaltraining,adults,parents
230

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
10.4. The existence of a
national or regional
strategic policy
framework for increasing
the quality and efficiency
ofVETsystemswithinthe
Reference(if
fulfilled)
Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
returning to the labour market,
low skilled and older workers,
migrants and other disadvantaged
groups, in particular people with
disabilities);
widen access to LL including No
through efforts to effectively
implement transparency tools (for
example the European
Qualifications Framework,
National Qualifications
Framework, European Credit
system for Vocational Education
and Training, European Quality
Assurance in Vocational Education
andTraining);
to improve the labour market No
relevance of education and
training and to adapt it to the
needs of identified target groups
(for example young people in
vocationaltraining,adults,parents
returning to the labour market,
lowskilled and older workers,
migrants and other disadvantaged
groups, in particular people with
disabilities).
Anationalorregionalstrategicpolicy No
framework is in place for increasing
the quality and efficiency of VET
systems within the limits of Article
165 TFEU which includes measures
forthefollowing:
231

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
limitsofArticle165TFEU.
11. The existence of a No
strategic policy
frameworkforreinforcing
the MS's administrative
efficiencyincludingpublic
administrationreform
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
to improve the labour market
relevance of VET systems in close
cooperation with relevant
stakeholders including through
mechanisms for skills anticipation,
adaptation of curricula and the
strengthening of work based
learning provision in its different
forms;
to increase the quality and No
attractiveness of VET including
through establishing a national
approach for quality assurance for
VET (for example in line with the,
European Quality Assurance
Reference Framework for
VocationalEducationandTraining)
and implementing the
transparency and recognition
tools,forexampleEuropeanCredit
system for Vocational Education
andTraining.(ECVET)
A strategic policy framework for No
reinforcing a Member State's public
authorities' administrative efficiency
and their skills with the following
elements are in place and in the
processofbeingimplemented:
an analysis and strategic planning
of legal, organisational and/or
proceduralreformactions;
the development of quality
managementsystems;
232

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
Good Agricultural and Yes
EnvironmentalConditions
(GAEC): standards for
good agricultural and
environmental condition
of land referred to in
Chapter I of Title VI of
Regulation (EU)
1306/2013 are
established at national
level
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
integrated actions for
simplification and rationalisation
ofadministrativeprocedures;
the development and
implementation of human
resources strategies and policies
covering the main gaps identified
inthisfield;
the development of skills at all
levelsoftheprofessionalhierarchy
withinpublicauthorities;
the development of procedures
and tools for monitoring and
evaluation.
EXANTECONDITIONALITIESFORRURALDEVELOPMENT
GAECstandardsaredefinedinnational Yes GAEC standards are defined in Romania since
lawandspecifiedintheprogrammes. 2007 by the Common Order no.
791/1.381/2006oftheMinisterofAgriculture,
Forestry and Rural Development and Minister
of Environment and Water Management for
defining the Good Agricultural and
Environmental Conditions in Romania and
CommonOrderno15/56/2008oftheMinister
ofAgricultureandRuralDevelopmentandthe
Minister of Environment and Sustainable
Development for setting up the measures
regarding the Good Agricultural and
EnvironmentalConditionsinRomania.
The normative acts mentioned above
implementtheRegulationnr.1782/2003ofthe
Council establishing common rules for direct
support schemes under the CAP (in terms of
good agricultural and environmental
233

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
conditions).
TheprovisionsofRegulationno.73/2009were
transposed by Common Order no.
http://www.apdrp.ro/uploads/Doc
30/147/2010oftheMinisterofAgricultureand
u%20LEGISLATIE/Ordin_147_din_1
Rural Development and Minister of
6_febr_2010.pdf EnvironmentandForestryapprovingtheGAEC
in Romania, as last amended. The last
modification was introduced by Common
Order no. 36/888/2012 of the Minister of
Agriculture and Rural Development and
Minister of Environment and Forestry for
http://www.legeonline.ro/lr introducing a new mandatory standard GAEC
ORDIN362012(135684).html 12.
Asregardsthelegislativeframeworkrelatedto
GAEC for the 20142020 programming period,
after the approval of the implementing and
delegatedactsattheleveloftheUE,Romania
will update the legislative framework in order
to comply with the new rules. In this respect,
thefollowingstepsareplaned:
the setup of a working group with
representatives of the two ministries and
differentdepartmentsinvolved;
a review of the GAEC modifications at EU
level;
the amendment of the national rules
approving the GAEC, if modifications are
identifiedatthecommunitylevel.
234

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
Minimum requirements Yes
for fertilizers and plant
protection products:
minimum requirements
for fertilizers and plant
protection products
referred to in article 28
Chapter I of Title III of
Regulation1305/2013are
definedatnationallevel
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Minimum requirements for fertilisers Yes http://www.icpa.ro/Coduri/cbpaR
andplantprotectionproductsreferred O.pdf protection of waters against pollution caused
toinChapterIofTitleIIIofRegulation bynitratesfromagriculturalsources,approved
no. 1305/2013 are specified in the http://www.madr.ro/docs/agricult
programmes ura/fondfunciar/programde
actiunepentrunitrati2013.pdf
http://old.madr.ro/pages/legislatie
/ordonanta412007.pdf
Explanation
TheCodeofGoodAgriculturalPracticeforthe
by common Order no. 1182/1270/2005 of
Minister of Environment and Water
Management and Minister of Agriculture,
Forestry and Rural Development is currently
undermodificationinordertocomplywiththe
ActionProgrammefortheprotectionofwaters
against pollution caused by nitrates from
agricultural sources approved by Decision no.
221.983/GC/12.06.2013oftheCommissionfor
the implementation of the Action Plan for the
protection of waters against pollution caused
by nitrates from agricultural sources, under
article6paragraph1ofGDno.964/2000.
Minimum requirements for plant protection
productsuseare:
1) usingproductsclassifiedasverytoxic
(T+),toxic(T)isdoneinaccordancewith
art.7paragraph(1)oftheGOno.41/2007
for the marketing of plant protection
products and amending and repealing
certainphytosanitarylegislation;
2) the use of plant protection products
inaccordancewith:
art. 2 of GD no. 1559/2004 on the
procedureforapprovalofplantprotection
products for placing on the market and
their use in Romania, with subsequent
amendments
235

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
Other relevant national Yes
standards: relevant
mandatory national
standards are defined for
the purpose of article 28
ChapterIofTitleIIIofthe
Regulationno.1305/2013
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
http://old.madr.ro/pages/legislatie
/ordonanta41995.pdf
http://old.madr.ro/pages/legislatie
/hotarare15592004.pdf
http://old.madr.ro/pages/legislatie
/REGULAMENT_1107_2009.pdf
Relevantmandatorynationalstandards Yes http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis
arespecifiedintheprogrammes; _pck.htp_act?ida=105977
http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gm3tenrvh
a/ordinulnr4961632652013
privindmodificareaordinului
ministruluiagriculturiisi
dezvoltariiruralealministrului
mediuluisipadurilorsial
presedinteluiautoritatiinationale
sanitareveterin
Explanation
art. 19 of GO no. 4/1995 on the
manufacture, marketing and use of plant
protection against diseases, pests and
weedsinagricultureandforestry
art. 28 and 55 (first and second
sentence)oftheRegulationNo1107/2009
concerningtheplacingofplantprotection
products on the market and repealing
CouncilDirectives
79/117/EECand91/414/EEC
3) prohibition of treatments with plant
protection products in specific areas of
protection by the competent authorities,
accordingtoArt.27,paragraph(1),lettere)
of GO. 4/1995 on the manufacture,
marketing and use of plant protection
against diseases, pests and weeds in
agricultureandforestry.
Article 51, paragraph 3 of Regulation
1.698/2005 concerning rural development
provides deadlines for application of the
statutorymanagementrequirements(SMR)for
Romania.Thus,Romaniastartedimplementing
SMR from 2012 promoting Order no.
187/2.155/42/2011 of Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development, Ministry of
Environment and Forestry and National
Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority
approving the statutory management
requirements (SMR) for environment and
identificationandregistrationofanimalsinthe
236
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
schemes and measures for farmers in
Romania,asamended.In2013,thisorderwas
amended by Common Order no.
496/.1632/65/2013ofMARD/MECC/NSVFSAin
order to review certain mandatory
requirementsand/orcontrolelementsforSMR
1SMR8.
Romania will implement, in stages, all SMRs
until 1 January 2016, the deadline set up for
implementationoftheEULegislationregarding
SMR in Romania. In this context, keeping in
mind the provisions of the CAP post2013
regulations, the relevant national legislation
will be updated to ensure compliance with
these requirements. In this respect, the
followingstepsareplaned:
the setup of a working group with
representatives of the different ministries and
departmentsinvolved;
areviewoftheSMRmodificationsatEUlevel
withintheCAPpost2013;
the amendment of the national rules
approving the SMR, if modifications are
identified at Community level as well as the
introduction of the SMRs for which Romania
benefitsoftransitionperiods.
Energy efficiency: Actions See4.1fromcohesion
have been carried out to Theminimumrequirementsfortheenergyperformanceonbuildingsinruralareas,coveredbyabovelegalprovisionsisapplieddifferentlyfordifferenttypesofbuildings,both
promote costeffective fornewandforexisting.
improvements of energy Inaccordancewitharticle16ofLawno.372/2005,republished,MinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandPublicAdministrationdevelopthepolicyandinitiatesregulationswhich
end use efficiency and promotesmeasurestoimprovetheenergyperformanceofbuildingsandbuildingswhosetransitiontorenewableconventionalenergyisnearlyzero,whichtakeintoaccount,in
costeffective investment particular:theappropriateuseofstructuralfundsinordertoincreaseenergyefficiencyinbuildings,especiallyinhousing,efficientuseoffundsfrompublicfinancialinstitutions,

237
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
inEnergyefficiencywhen coordinatingtheuseoffundsfromtheEUnationalbodies:otherformsofsupporttostimulateinvestmentsinenergyefficiency.
constructing or TheinterventionsinagricultureandruraldevelopmentinenergyefficiencytargetingefficientuseofthefoodsectoriscoveredbyLawno.372/2005.
renovatingbuildings
Water sector: The Yes In sectors supported by the EAFRD, a Yes http://old.madr.ro/pages/arhiva_le Order MARD no. 120 of 25 May 2011
existence of a) a water Member State has ensured a gislativa/ordin120din25mai approving the Methodological Norms
pricing policy which contribution of the different water 2011.pdf regarding the calculation and payment of
provides adequate uses to the recovery of the costs of tariffs for land reclamation services,
incentives for users to water services by sector consistent subsequentlyamended
use water resources with Article 9 paragraph 1 first indent
efficiently and b) an ofDirective2000/60/EChavingregard
adequate contribution of where appropriate, to the social, OnthebasisofOrderMARDno.120/2011are
the different water uses environmental and economic effects set tariffs for land reclamation services to
to the recovery of the of the recovery as well as the ensure equitable exploitation of land
costs of water services at geographic and climatic conditions of reclamation schemes, irrigation systems or
a rate determined in the theregionorregionsaffected; drainage and drainage and flood protection
approved river basin works or soil erosion control to protect the
management plan for interests of all beneficiaries, to prevent the
investment supported by inefficient use of water, excess moisture,
theprogrammes erosion and soil pollution and promoting
environmental protection in accordance with
environmentalstandards.
Renewable energy: See4.3fromcohesion
Actionshavebeencarried NationalActionPlanforRenewableEnergy(NAPRE)adoptedbyGovernmentMemorandumin2010relevantsectionforagricultureandruraldevelopment:page16,38,8284,
out to promote the 173186and198.
production and Orderno.46/2012oftheMARDontheapprovaloftheissuanceofthecertificateoforiginforbiomassfromagricultureandrelatedindustries,usedasafuelorrawmaterialfor
distribution of renewable theproductionofelectricity
energysources Requirementsinart.13to19aresummarizedin:
GOno.935/2011onthepromotionofbiofuelsandbioliquids;
OrderMinistryofEconomyno.136/2012onthecertificationofbiofuelsandbioliquidsinrespectofsustainabilitycriteriaandtherelatedassessmentandrecognitionbodies
competentinthecertificationandverificationofannualreportscontaininginformationoncompliancewiththesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuelsandbioliquids.
Risk prevention and risk See5.1fromcohesion
management: the AccordingtotheNationalStrategyonClimateChangetheyrecommended,interalia,measurestoadapttoclimatechangeinordertomanagerisk:
existence of national or Developmentofbestpracticeguidelinesforagriculture,especiallyfornonirrigatedagriculture;

238

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
regional risk assessments
for disaster management
taking into account
climate change
adaptation
ThespecificexanteconditionalitieswillbeassessedatthelevelofOPandnotatthePAlevel.
1.Antidiscrimination No
The existence of
administrative capacity
for the implementation
and application of Union
antidiscrimination law
and policy in the field of
ESIFunds
2.GenderTheexistence No
ofadministrativecapacity
for the implementation
and application of Union
gender equality law and
policy in the field of ESI
Funds
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
developingandimplementinglocalactionplans(atcommunelevel)forclimatechangeadaptation;
developingandimplementinglandreclamationplanstoincreasetheprobabilityofprecipitation(includingafforestation,watersurface,etc.).
useresearchtoaddressexistingvulnerabilitiesandchangethestructureofcrops/agricultureholdingsmeaninglessexposedtoclimatechange;
encouragecropinsurance/firm;
improvingtheavailabilityandapplicabilityofmodelingandadaptationoptionsfortheuseoffarmers(providingdataandresultsonthereactionofwaterresourcescenariosof
climatechange,promotingtheuseofGIStechnology,etc..)
developingtheinfrastructureandtechnologynecessaryforlocalactiveinterventionstocombatextremeweathercropprotectionandlocalcommunities.
FISHERIESSPECIFICEXANTECONDITIONALITIES
GENERALEXANTECONDITIONALITIES
Arrangements in accordance with No
theinstitutionalandlegalframework
of Member States for the
involvement of bodies responsible
for the promotion of equal
treatment of all persons throughout
thepreparationandimplementation
of programmes, including the
provisionofadviceonequalityinESI
fundrelatedactivities;
Arrangementsfortrainingforstaffof No
the authorities involved in the
management and control of the ESI
Funds in the fields of Union anti
discriminationlawandpolicy.
Arrangements in accordance with No
theinstitutionalandlegalframework
of Member States for the
involvement of bodies responsible
for gender equality throughout the
preparation and implementation of
programmes,includingtheprovision
of advice on gender equality in ESI
239
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Fundrelatedactivities;

Arrangements for training for staff No

of the authorities involved in the
management and control of the ESI
Funds in the fields of Union gender
equalitylawandpolicyaswellason
gendermainstreaming.
3. Disability The No Arrangements in accordance with No
existence of theinstitutionalandlegalframework
administrative capacity of Member States for the
for the implementation consultation and involvement of
and application of the bodies in charge of protection of
United Nations rights of persons with disabilities or
Convention on the rights representative organisations of
of persons with persons with disabilities and other
disabilities (UNCRPD) in relevant stakeholders throughout
the field of ESI Funds in thepreparationandimplementation
accordance with Council ofprogrammes;
Decision2010/48/EC Arrangementsfortrainingforstaffof No
the authorities involved in the
management and control of the ESI
Funds in the fields of applicable
Unionandnationaldisabilitylawand
policy,includingaccessibilityandthe
practical application of the UNCRPD
as reflected in Union and national
legislation,asappropriate;

240

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
4.Publicprocurement Yes
The existence of
arrangements for the
effective application of
Union public
procurement law in the
fieldoftheESIFunds.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Arrangements to ensure monitoring No
oftheimplementationofArticle9of
the UNCRPD in relation to the ESI
Funds throughout the preparation
and the implementation of the
programmes.
Arrangements for the effective Yes GEOno.34/2006,updated RomaniafullytransposedtheUEDirectiveson
application of Union public GDno.925/2006,updated public procurement into the national
procurement rules through tertiarylevellegislation legislation.
appropriatemechanisms;
http://www.anrmap.ro/legislatie/o Joint working groups between the main
rdonantadeurgentanr342006 institutions involved in public procurement
versiunevigoareforme area(ANRMAPUCVAPCNSC)havebeensetup
precedentesiactenormativede inordertoharmonizetheinterpretationofthe
mod publicprocurementlegislation.
http://www.anrmap.ro/legislatie/h
otarareaguvernuluinr9252006
pentruaprobareanormelorde
aplicareprevederilorreferi
GD525/2007,updated ANRMAP performs exante tender
http://www.anrmap.ro/legislatie/h documentationchecks,ensuringthatitdoesnt
otarareaguvernuluinr includ restrictive or unlawful qualification
52530052007privindorganizarea criteriaorselection/evaluationfactors..
sifunctionareaautoritatiinatio
GEO30/2006,updated UCVAP performs checks on public
http://www.mfinante.ro/rof_2009. procurement procedures in real time and
html?pagina=acasa duringtheassessmentstageitensuresthatthe
principleofequaltreatmentisobserved.
http://www.anrmap.ro/legislatie/o
ugnr302006privindfunctiade
241

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
verificareaspectelorprocedurale
aferenteprocesuluide
GEOno.34/2006,updated,cap.IXThe national legislation contains provisions on
http://www.anrmap.ro/sites/defau solvingcomplaintsfiledagainstadministrative
acts deemed unlawful. Currently, there is an
lt/files/legislatie/legislatie2314.pdf
effective system of judicial protection for
www.cnsc.ro tenderers by CNSC and the competent courts.
CNSC handles promptly appeals against
decisionsofthecontractingauthority.
The new UE Directives will be transposed into
the national legislation. This will be an
objectiveoftheNationalStrategy.
Arrangements which ensure Yes GEOno.34/2006,updated,section The existing legislation on public procurement
transparent contract award 1andart.124 comply with the principles of the TFEU.
procedures; http://www.anrmap.ro/legislatie/o Moreover, the procedure ,,the call for
rdonantadeurgentanr342006 tenders is in accordance with these
versiunevigoareforme principles.
precedentesiactenormativede
mod
seepreviousparagraph TheexanteANRMAP/UCVAP checksprovide
guidanceforcontractingauthorities.
http://www.anrmap.ro/legislatie?ti Tertiary normative acts are working tools that
tlu=&tip_legislatie=1&tip2=All&leg help the contracting authority to draft the
_l=18 tenderdocumentationandtoevaluatethebids
in order to avoid the occurrence of such
situations as those identified by the European
Commission/AuditAuthority.
www.elicitatie.ro The Public Procurement Electronic System
242

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
(SEAP) is constantly updated according to
legislative changes and is managed by the
MinistryforInformationSociety.
Italsocontainsallthecallsfortenderswithan
estimated value lower than the threshold
mentionedintheEUDirectives.
The contracting authorities send notifications
in this system concerning the direct purchase
with an estimated value higher than 5000
Euro.
Arrangements for training and Yes Training sessions have been organized for the
dissemination of information for staff involved in the application of EU public
staffinvolvedintheimplementation procurement law at all relevant levels
oftheESIfunds; (managing authorities, intermediate bodies,
certifying authorities, audit authorities and
beneficiaries).
http://www.poat.ro/proiecte_si_b The project ,,Support for the staff involved in
eneficiari_35292.html?Sprijin the management of structural instruments in
pentrufactoriiimplicatiin order to optimize the public procurement
gestionareainstrumentelor system ensures the dissemination and
structuraleinvedereaoptimizarii exchangeofinformationconcerningthepublic
sistemuluideachizitiipublice procurementfield.,codSMIS35292.
Anotherobjectiveofthisprojectistoorganize
joint working groups between ANRMAP,
UCVAP, MFE, ACP AA and the Managing
Authorities.
www.elicitatie.ro SEAPisacommonsourceofinformationforall
staffapplyingEUpublicprocurementrules.
Arrangements to ensure Yes GD525/2007,updated The National Authority for Regulating and
administrative capacity for http://www.anrmap.ro/legislatie/h MonitoringPublicProcurement(ANRMAP)has
implementation and application of otarareaguvernuluinr a fundamental role in designing, promoting
243

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
5. State aid The Partially
existence of
arrangements for the
effective application of
Union State aid rules in
thefieldoftheESIFunds.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Unionpublicprocurementrules. 52530052007privindorganizarea
sifunctionareaautoritatiinatio
Guideno.543/2013
http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gm3tgmjrg
4/ordinulnr543236614461489
14418792013pentruaprobarea
ghiduluiprivindprincipalele
riscuriidentificateindomeniul
achizitiilorpublicesi
recomandarilecomisieieuropene
cetrebuieurmatede
http://www.anfp.gov.ro/PaginaCon
tinut.aspx?Id=393
st
Arrangements for the effective No Since January 1 , 2007, the All the State aid measures implemented by
applicationofUnionStateaidrules; Community State aid legislation is State aid grantors have to comply with the
directlyapplicableinRomania.Asa
consequence, all the State aid
measures implemented by State
aid grantors have to comply with
the European regulations in the
Stateaidfield.
The national procedural rules are
thefollowing:
Explanation
and implementing the public procurement
policy.
The Ministry of European Funds elaborated a
Guideonthemainrisksinpublicprocurement
field. The guide is based on the European
Commission's recommendations following the
audit missions. This guide supports the
beneficiaries to avoid making mistakes in this
area.
The ongoing technical assistance project aims
atprovidingtrainingprogramsinmanagement
of structural instruments and public
procurementforallthebodiesinvolvedinthe
application of public procurement rules in the
field of ESI funds: ,,Dedicated training session
for further strengthening the institutional
capacity of the public administration in
RomaniaforthemanagementoftheStructural
Funds,codSMIS48159.
European regulations in the State aid field
since2007.
According with the TFEC, new notifiable State
aids have to be prior authorized by the
EuropeanCommission.TheexemptedStateaid
measures have to be send to the European
Commission in 20 days from the moment of
theirimplementation.
244

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
GEOno117/2006,modifiedand
amended by the Law no
137/2007 (EN/RO versions
available);
The RCC Regulation from
20.06.2007 concerning the State
aid monitoring procedures (only
ROversionavailable).
The national regulations listed
above are available at the Internet
address:
http://www.ajutordestat.ro/?pag=
79
http://www.renascc.eu/document
e/2%20
%20Reg%20proceduri%20monitori
zare%20aj%20de%20stat%20+%20
6%20anexe_327ro.pdf
TheAnnualReportsintheStateaid
field are available at the Internet
address:
http://www.renascc.eu/?pag=139&
limba=en
Explanation
A report concerning the State aid measures
implemented in Romania (including the de
minimis aids) has to be send to the European
Commissioneachyear.
At national level the Romanian Competition
Council, an independent institution, was
appointedtobethecontactpointinthefield
of State aid between the European
Commissionandthenationalauthorities.
The Competition Council also have the role of
monitoring, at national level, all State aids
grantedbygrantors.AllreportedStateaidsare
includedintheScoreboardandreportedtothe
EuropeanCommission.
Moreover, the Competition Council is the
consultant of the Romanian authorities in the
field of State aid. All Romanian grantors, at
their request, are benefitting of the expertise
of the State aid experts in the Competition
Council when they elaborate new State aid
measures.
The regulations and procedures mentioned
above are applicable both for the State aids
granted from national funds and structural
funds.
The Competition Councils experts
permanently assist the experts from the
granting authorities (including those granting
structural funds) in elaborating new State aid
schemes. Within this process, the State aid
experts verify if all the measures include the
mandatory provisions in the field. The
grantor/administrator of the each scheme has
245

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
the primary responsibility of monitoring the
granted aids and the observance of the
cummulation rules and of the Deggendorf
obligation.
At this moment, the beneficiaries have the
obligationtosubmit,alongwiththerestofthe
documentation, declarations on its own
responsibilityaboutalltheStateaidmeasures
received in the last three years (State aid and
de minimis aids), irrespective of grantor,
objective or origin of the funds (national
budget or structural funds). False declarations
arepunishedbythepenallaw.
In order to avoid any misunderstanding, the
granting authorities have the obligation to
informallthebeneficiariesabouttheStateaid
character of the financing, the type and the
totalamountofaidgranted.
Based on the beneficiaries declarations, the
grantor/administrator has the obligation to
verify the observance of the cumulation rules
and of the "Deggendorf" obligation. The
grantor/administrator has also the obligation
torecovertheeventualaidswhichexceedthe
thresholds or are improperly used by the
beneficiaries. The control authorities also
verify expost the support measures granted
from structural funds. If they notice any
irregularities, they will ask the
grantor/administrator to recover any amount
of money granted without the observance of
therules.
BecausetheCommissionisnotrequestingdata
246

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
about the individual de minimis schemes, the
Competition Councils experts are informed
and has the possibility to verify all the de
minimismeasures.
Thedeminimismeasuresarepresentedatthe
followingaddress:
http://www.ajutordestat.ro/?pag=166
Supplementary, as we mentioned before, the
Competition Council receives each year,
reportsabouttheaidsgrantedinRomania.The
data are aggregated and included in reports.
The monitoring process, at national level,
offers to the Competition Council the
possibility to verify the observance of the
cumulation rules and of the Deggendorf
obligation. If irregularities are noticed, the
Competition Council will ask the
grantor/administrator to recover any amount
of money granted without the observance of
therules.
Because the reports are sent to the European
Commission each year, the European
institution also has the possibility to verify if
the above mentioned rules are respected.
Morethanthis,theEuropeanCommissionhas
the possibility to ask for supplementary
information concerning the significant State
aidsformonitoringpurposes.
This procedure offer to the Romanian
authoritiesthepossibilitytoverifyexpostthe
complianceofthemeasuresandtheindividual
aidswiththecommunityrulesintheStateaid
field.
247

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Criteria
fulfilled:
Arrangements for training and No
dissemination of information for
staffinvolvedintheimplementation
oftheESIfunds;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Some information concerning the
activities carried on by the
CompetitionCouncilinthetraining
field in the last few years are
presented into the Annual Report
oftheCompetitionavailableatthe
followingaddress:
http://www.ajutordestat.ro/?pag=
139&limba=en
Additionally, the Competition
Council printed and largely
distributed 3 volumes of European
legislation in the State aid field, 9
guides concerning the effective
application of the State aid
rules/procedures.
The publication are presented at
thefollowingaddress:
http://www.ajutordestat.ro/?pag=
164
Moreover, a specialized website
concerning the State aid field was
Explanation
At this moment, the Competition Council has
started the necessary procedures in order to
implementanewkindofdatabase,wherethe
State aids will be recorded at the moment
when they are effectively granted. Such
database will allow the Competition Council
and all the grantors to verify exante the
eligibility of any beneficiary for granting State
aids/deminimisaids,includingtheobservance
ofthecumulationrulesoroftheDeggendorf
obligation.
The Romanian Competition Council, through
the ReNAS (Romanian State Aid Network)
project, carried on and will carry on in the
future,activitieswiththepurposeofpreparing
theexpertsintheStateaidfieldfromdifferent
authorities. Since 2008, more than 11
seminaries/training sessions, many inter
ministerial meetings, hundreds of bilateral
meetingswhereorganized.
Thetrainingsessionsaddressedtoallgrantors,
not only to the experts implementing
structuralfundsinRomania.
In parallel, the Competition Council shall give
support to the Public Servant Agency in order
to prepare the State aid training programme
for the experts implementing structural funds
inRomania.
The Public Servant Agency is implementing a
project funded from community funds
(Operational Programme for Technical
Assistance).
The training activities within this project will
248

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
developed and continuously effectively start in January 2014 and will last
updated. The website is available for6months.Additionalprojectsareexpected
bothinRomanianandEnglish. tobeimplementedaftertheconclusionofthis
The website can be reached using project.
oneofthefollowingaddresses:
www.renascc.eu
www.ajutordestat.ro
www.stateaid.ro
www.ajutordestat.eu
The State aid experts within the
Competition Council can be
reached using the contact data
posted on the website (phone and
faxnumber,email):
http://www.renascc.eu/?pag=153&
limba=en
http://www.renascc.eu/?pag=155
Arrangements to ensure Yes Romania should have appropriate recording
administrative capacity for systems to allow systematic monitoring of
implementation and application of state aid expenditure, to ensure the
UnionStateaidrules. compliance with state aid rules and, in
particular,toavoidaccumulation.
Atthenationallevel,theCompetititonCouncil
hasstartedthenecessarystepstoimplementa
databaseforthestateaidgrantedinRomania,
so that all the grantors should have the
possibility to verify the observance of the
cumulationrule.
The Competition Council is the central body
which is giving substantive practical and legal
advice on applicability of state aid in the
programmes and on the compliance of EU
Stateaidrules.
249

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
6. Environmental Partially
legislation relating to
Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) and,
Strategic Environmental
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
Arrangements for the effective Yes
application of Directive 2011/92/EU
of the European Parliament and of
the Council (EIA) and of Directive
2001/42/EC of the European
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Romania fully transposed EIA/SEA
Directivesthrough:
EIA GD 445/2009 on the Orderof4Ministries,respectivelythroughMO
assessmentoftheeffectsofcertain no. 135/76/84/1284/2010 for the approval of
public and private projects on the
Explanation
TheCompetitionCouncilsexpertsareincluded
in the Interinstitutional Committee for
Partnershipand,also,intheThematicAdvisory
Committees which will design the new
Operational Programmes that will be
implementedinRomaniain20142020period.
Also, the experts will contribute to the new
Sectoral Operational Programmes which will
be developed by the Romanian authorities in
thenextperiod.
Within this process, the Competition Council
will evaluate the potential State aid measures
within the Operational Programmes and will
offer specialized consultancy in order to
elaborate the State aid/de minimis schemes
whichwillimplementthesesupportmeasures.
This procedure assures an exante control of
the compliance of the financing granted to
beneficiarieswiththeStateaidrules.
The Competition Council has the
administrative capacity to perform its duties
bothinthefieldofStateaidsgrantedthrough
nationalandstructuralfunds.
The Competition Councils experts
permanently assist the experts from the
granting authorities (including those ones
granting structural funds) in elaborating or
modifyingnewStateaidschemes.
The implementation of the provisions
regardingEIAwasrealizedalsothroughaJoint
the methodology for implementing EIA for
250
 Reference(if
fulfilled)
ApplicableExante Applicableexante (referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
conditionalityatnational conditionality orotherrelevantdocumentsincl.
Criteria fulfilled
level fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
Yes/No/Partially orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
Assessment (SEA) The ParliamentandoftheCouncil(SEA); environment publicandprivateprojects,
existence of http://www.mmediu.ro/protectia_
arrangements for the mediului/legislatie_orizontala/legisl
effective application of atia_specifica/HG445_13_iulie2009
Union environmental _EIA.pdf
legislation related to EIA SEA GD no.1076/2004 on the Romania has arrangements in place to ensure
andSEA. establishmentofassessmentofthe
effects of certain plans and
programmesontheenvironment.
http://www.mmediu.ro/protectia_
mediului/legislatie_orizontala/legisl
atia_specifica/HGSEA
ROMANA.pdf
From institutional point of view,
EIA/SEA procedure is unitary
implemented, by each
environmental protection county
agency, by National Environmental
Protection Agency (NEPA) and by
the Ministry of Environment and
Climate Change, depending on the
competences established by the
MO No. 135/2010 and GD
no.1000/2012.
Explanation
http://www.fonduri
ue.ro/res/filepicker_users/cd25a597fd
62/Legislatie/nationala/7_Finante_publice_ner
ambursabile/3_Ordin_nr_135_2010.pdf
the quality of the information used in the EIA
process. Legal provisions are contained into
the GD 445/2009 on the assessment of the
effectsofcertainpublicandprivateprojectson
the environment. Also, Romania has legal
provisions on accredited/technically qualified
experts preparing the EIA documentation,
thosearecontainedintotheMO1026/2009
http://www.mmediu.ro/protectia_mediului/le
gislatie_orizontala/2009_Ordin_1026.pdf
Inthesametime,theOrderoftheministerof
waters and environment protection No.
863/2002 is approving methodological
guidelines applicable to the steps of the EIA
procedure.
http://www.mmediu.ro/protectia_mediului/le
gislatie_orizontala/legislatia_specifica/OrdinM
APM863_2002GhidRIM.pdf
Romanian legislation offer early and effective
opportunitiestothepublictoparticipateinthe
environmental decisionmaking procedures.
The legal provisions are cotained into the
art.15, 16 of the GD 445/2009; MO no.
135/76/84/1284/2010; art. 2833 of the GD
no.1076/2004. At the same time, we have a
Guidance on public consultaion in the
framewotk of the EIA/SEA procedures
251

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Criteria
fulfilled:
Arrangements for training and No
dissemination of information for
staffinvolvedintheimplementation
ofEIAandSEADirectives;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
http://www.anpm.ro/ghid_privind_consultare
a_publicului_in_cadrul_procedurilor_eia_si_se
a453.
Concerning arrangements to give access to
justiceforthepublicconcerned,includingnon
governmentalorganisations,Romaniahaslegal
provisions in art. 24, 25 of the GD 445/2009
and in Law 86/2000 for ratification of the
Convention on access to information, public
participation in decisionmaking and to justice
in environmental matters, done at Aarhus, on
25June1998.
http://www.mmediu.ro/legislatie/acte_normat
ive/protectia_naturii/biodiversitate/Legea%20
86_2000_Aarhus.pdf
WealsomentiontheexistenceoftheOrderof
the minister of waters and environmental
protection no. 864/2002, on Transboundary
EIA procedures, including public participation
in decisionmaking process in the
transboundary projects, ensuring the
implementation of the transboundary
provisionsrelatedtobothofEIADirectiveand
EspooConvention.
http://www.mmediu.ro/legislatie/acte_normat
ive/legislatie_orizontala/ORD_864_2002.pdf
In 2007, environmental authorities have been
trainedbothtoapplyingtheprovisionsofEIA/
SEA at the time of their transposition into
national legislation and for application of
subsequent legislation and guidelines to
ensurecorrectapplicationofEUlaw.
Also, in order to exchange experience and to
252

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
ensure consistency on the implementation of
the rules, Romania has a system of
dissemination and exchange of information is
in place for all staff involved in the
implementationofEIAandSEADirectives.We
have published on the MECC and NEPA
informationconcerningtheimplementationof
EIA and SEA Directives (guidance, database,
schemes of the procedure, decisions,
evaluationstudies,autorizationsetc.).
http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/domenii/evaluar
eaimpactuluiasupramediului/legislatie
orizontalasireglementari/
http://www.anpm.ro/legislations/index/slug:L
egislaie
http://www.anpm.ro/files2/Ghid%20generic%
20privind%20evaluarea%20de%20mediu%20p
entru%20pl.pdf
For 20142020 the training for environmental
authorities will be better substantiated. For
this purpose was developed (through
assistance from JASPERS) a strategy and plan
training for training all personnel involved in
implementing the EIA and SEA at all relevant
levels (competent and involved authorities).
Trainingplanincludesmeasurablequantitative
data (training sessions, time scheduling,
curricula,studentsestimated,etc).
Arrangements to ensure sufficient Yes At the level of the 42 County Environmental
administrativecapacity. ProtectionAgencyandtheNEPAarestructures
that have functions relating to the
environmental impact assessment and
appropriate assessment.
253

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational conditionality
level
Yes/No/Partially
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
Criteria fulfilled
fulfilled: referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
These structures have qualified employes,
selected according to national regulations
regarding human resources in public
administration (approximately 400 people).
Staff employed in these structures needs
furthertraininginthisareatoprovidepractical
adviceandsubstantivelegalpersonneldealing
withESIfundsfortheapplicabilityoftheEIA/
SEA.
In2010,7EIAguidelineshavebeenelaborated
as regards projects for motor highways,
railways, floods, integrated waste
management systems, wastewater treatment
plants and wastewaster networks (JASPERS
guidelines).
http://www.anpm.ro/ghiduri_eia54776
Aswellas,in2007,SEAguidelinesdeveloped
for energy, industry, teritorial planning and
transportplans(PHAREassistance).
http://www.anpm.ro/articole/avizul_de_medi
u85
Also,wehaveaMinisterialOrderNo.19/2010
for the approval of the methodological
guidelines for appropriate assessment as
requiredbytheHabitatsDirective.
http://www.mmediu.ro/protectia_mediului/le
gislatie_orizontala/legislatia_specifica/Ordin
192010Evaluareaadecvata.pdf
At the same time, MO 117/2006 approve the
manual on the procedure regarding the
application of environmental assessment for
plans and programs, based on the Guidelines
for the implementation of Directive
254

ApplicableExante
conditionalityatnational
level
7. Statistical systems and
resultindicators
The existence of a
statistical basis necessary
to undertake evaluations
to assess the
effectiveness and impact
of the programmes. The
existence of a system of
result indicators
necessary to select
actions, which most
effectively contribute to
desired results, to
Applicableexante
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
Arrangements for timely collection
andaggregationofstatisticaldatawith
thefollowingelementsareinplace:
the identification of sources and
mechanisms to ensure statistical
validation;
arrangements for publication and
public availability of aggregated
data;
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
2001/42/EC, prepared by the European
Commission.
http://www.mmediu.ro/legislatie/acte_normat
ive/legislatie_orizontala/04sea.pdf
The complete fulfilment of the criteria is
related to the progress in preparation of the
operationalprogrammes.
All operational programmes will provide a
description of the monitoring system in place
andarrangementsforpublicavailabilityofdata
and for each indicator will indicated the data
sources,statisticalvalidationmechanism.
The Ministry of European Funds will provide
guidance on the preparation of operational
programmes, including the process of
indicators selection, information about data
sources, data collection methodology and
arrangementsinordertoensurethefulfilment
255

ApplicableExante Applicableexante
conditionalityatnational
level
monitorprogresstowards
results and to undertake
impactevaluation.
conditionality
Criteria
fulfilled:
Yes/No/Partially
Aneffectivesystemofresultindicators
including:
the selection of result indicators
for each programme providing
informationonwhatmotivatesthe
selectionofpolicyactionsfinanced
bytheprogramme;
the establishment of targets for
theseindicators;
the consistency of each indicator
with the following requisites:
robustness and statistical
validation, clarity of normative
interpretation, responsiveness to
policy,timelycollectionofdata;
Procedures in place to ensure that
all operations financed by the
programme adopt an effective system
ofindicators.
Reference(if
fulfilled)
(referencetothestrategies,legalacts
Criteria
orotherrelevantdocumentsincl. Explanation
fulfilled
referencestorelevantsections,articles
Yes/no
orparagraphs,accompaniedbya
hyperlinkorotheraccesstothefull
text)
ofreportingobligations.
The exante evaluation of operational
programmes will examine if the result
indicators have a clear title and definition, if
they can be easily understood and if they
reflect the significant effects of programme
priorities; It will also examine if the result
indicators are robust and are statistically valid
(robusteness of indicators), the existence of
reliable data sources and if the quantified
targetvaluesarerealistic.
Thisconditionalitywillmainlybeanalysedat
eachoperationalprogramme'slevel.
256
 ApplicabilityofexanteconditionalitiestopriorityaxesundertheERDF,ESFandCohesionFundoperationalprogrammes

Applicableexanteconditionalityatnationallevel Operational Priorityaxistowhichtheexanteconditionalityapplies

Programmetowhich

theexante
conditionalityapplies

1.1.Researchandinnovation:Theexistenceofanationalorregionalsmartspecializationstrategyinlinewiththe Competitivety PA 1 Research, Technological Development and Innovation (RDI) to

National Reform Program, to leverage private research and innovation expenditure, which complies with the Operational supporteconomiccompetitiveness
featuresofwellperformingnationalorregionalR&Isystems. Programme
1.2ResearchandInnovationinfrastructure.Theexistenceofamultiannualplanforbudgetingandprioritization Competitivety PA 1 Research, Technological Development and Innovation (RDI) to
ofinvestments. Operational supporteconomiccompetitiveness
Programme
2.1. Digital growth: A strategic policy framework for digital growth to stimulate affordable, good quality andCompetitivety PA 2 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for a
interoperable ICTenabled private and public services and increase uptake by citizens, including vulnerable Operational competitivedigitaleconomy
groups,businessesandpublicadministrationsincludingcrossborderinitiatives. Programme
2.2.NextGenerationNetwork(NGN)Infrastructure:TheexistenceofnationalorregionalNGNPlanswhichtake Competitivety PA 2 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for a
account of regional actions in order to reach the Union highspeed Internet access targets, focusing on areasOperational competitivedigitaleconomy
wherethemarketfailstoprovideanopeninfrastructureatanaffordablecostandofaqualityinlinewiththe Programme
UnioncompetitionandStateaidrules,andtoprovideaccessibleservicestovulnerablegroups.
3.1.Specificactionshavebeencarriedouttounderpinthepromotionofentrepreneurshiptakingintoaccount Regional PA2ImprovementoftheSMScompetitivety
theSmallBusinessAct(SBA). Operational
Programme
4.1. Actions have been carried out to promote costeffective improvements of energy end use efficiency and Large Infrastructure PA6Safeandcleanenergyforalowcarboneconomy
costeffectiveinvestmentinenergyefficiencywhenconstructingorrenovatingbuildings. Operational
Programme
Regional PA3Energyefficiencyinpublicbuildings
Operational PA4Supportingurbandevelopment
Programme
4.2.Actionshavebeencarriedouttopromotehighefficiencycogenerationofheatandpower. Large Infrastructure PA7Safeandcleanenergyforalowcarboneconomy
Operational
Programme
4.3.Actionshavebeencarriedouttopromotetheproductionanddistributionofrenewableenergysources Large Infrastructure PA7Safeandcleanenergyforalowcarboneconomy
Operational
Programme
5.1. Risk prevention and risk management: The existence of national or regional risk assessments for disaster Large Infrastructure PA 5 Promoting climate change adaptation, risk prevention and
managementtakingintoaccountclimatechangeadaptation Operational management
Programme

257
 Applicableexanteconditionalityatnationallevel Operational Priorityaxistowhichtheexanteconditionalityapplies
Programmetowhich

theexante
conditionalityapplies

6.1.Watersector:Theexistenceofa)awaterpricingpolicywhichprovidesadequateincentivesforuserstouse Large Infrastructure PA4Protectingtheenvironmentandpromotingresourceefficiency

water resources efficiently andb) an adequatecontribution of the different water uses to therecovery of the Operational
costs of water services at a rate determined in the approved river basin management plan for investment Programme
supportedbytheprogrammes.

6.2. Waste sector: Promoting economically and environmentally sustainable investments in the waste sector Large Infrastructure PA4Protectingtheenvironmentandpromotingresourceefficiency
particularly through the development of waste management plans consistent with Directive 2008/98/EC, and Operational
withthewastehierarchy Programme

7.1. Transport: The existence of a comprehensive plan or plans or framework or frameworks for transport Large Infrastructure PA1DevelopmentoftheTENTnetworkontheRomanianterritory
investmentinaccordancewiththeMemberStates'institutionalsetup(includingpublictransportatregionaland Operational PA2IncreasingregionalaccessibilitybyconnectingtoTENT
locallevel)whichsupportsinfrastructuredevelopmentandimprovesconnectivitytotheTENTcomprehensive Programme PA3Developingasafeandenvironmentallyfriendlytransportsystem
andcorenetworks.
7.2.Railway:Theexistencewithinthecomprehensivetransportplanorplansorframeworkorframeworksofa Large Infrastructure PA1DevelopmentoftheTENTnetworkontheRomanianterritory
specific section on railway development in accordance with the MSs institutional setup (including public Operational PA2IncreasingregionalaccessibilitybyconnectingtoTENT
transport at regional and local level) which supports infrastructure development and improves connectivity to Programme PA3Developingasafeandenvironmentallyfriendlytransportsystem
theTENTcomprehensiveandcorenetworks.Theinvestmentscovermobileassets,interoperabilityandcapacity
building.

7.3.Othermodesoftransport,includinginlandwaterwaysandmaritimetransport,ports,multimodallinksand Large Infrastructure PA1DevelopmentoftheTENTnetworkontheRomanianterritory

airport infrastructure: the existence within the comprehensive transport plan or plans or framework or Operational PA2IncreasingregionalaccessibilitybyconnectingtoTENT
frameworks of a specific section on inlandwaterways and maritime transport, ports, multimodal links and Programme PA3Developingasafeandenvironmentallyfriendlytransportsystem
airport infrastructure, which contribute to improving connectivity to the TENT comprehensive and core
networksandtopromotingsustainableregionalandlocalmobility.

7.4Developmentofsmartenergydistribution,storageandtransmissionsystems. Large Infrastructure PA7Safeandcleanenergyforalowcarboneconomy

The existence of comprehensive plans for investments in smart energy infrastructure, and of regulatory Operational
measures,whichcontributetoimprovingenergyefficiencyandsecurityofsupply Programme

8.1.ActivelabormarketpoliciesaredesignedanddeliveredinthelightoftheEmploymentguidelines Human Capital PA3Jobsforall

Operational
Programme
Human Capital PA3Jobsforall
Operational PA4Socialinclusionandfightagainstpoverty
Programme

258
 Applicableexanteconditionalityatnationallevel Operational Priorityaxistowhichtheexanteconditionalityapplies
Programmetowhich

theexante
conditionalityapplies

8.3.LabormarketinstitutionsaremodernizedandstrengthenedinthelightoftheEmploymentGuidelines; Human Capital PA3Jobsforall

Reforms of labor market institutions will be preceded by a clear strategic policy framework and ex ante Operational
assessmentincludingthegenderdimension Programme

8.4.Activeandhealthyageing:ActiveageingpoliciesaredesignedinthelightoftheEmploymentGuidelines. Human Capital PA3Jobsforall

Operational
Programme
8.5.Adaptationofworkers,enterprisesandentrepreneurstochange:Theexistenceofpoliciesaimedatfavoring Human Capital PA3Jobsforall
anticipationandgoodmanagementofchangeandrestructuring. Operational
Programme
8.6. The existence of a strategic policy framework for promoting youth employment including through the Human Capital PA1Youthemploymentinitiative
implementationoftheYouthGuarantee. Operational PA2ImprovedsituationforyoungNEETs
ThisexanteconditionalityappliesonlyforimplementationoftheYEI Programme

9.1.Theexistenceandtheimplementationofanationalstrategicpolicyframeworkforpovertyreductionaiming Human Capital PA4Socialinclusionandfightagainstpoverty

attheactiveinclusionofpeopleexcludedfromthelabourmarketinthelightoftheEmploymentguidelines. Operational
Programme
9.2.AnationalRomainclusionstrategicpolicyframeworkisinplace Human Capital PA4Socialinclusionandfightagainstpoverty
Operational
Programme
9.3. Health: The existence of a national or regional strategic policy framework for health within the limits of Regional PA7Developmentofsanitaryandsocialinfrastructure
Article168TFEUensuringeconomicsustainability. Operational
Programme
Human Capital PA4Socialinclusionandfightagainstpoverty
Operational
Programme
10.Earlyschoolleaving:Theexistenceofastrategicpolicyframeworktoreduceearlyschoolleaving(ESL)within Human Capital PA5Educationandskills
thelimitsofArticle165TFEU. Operational
Programme
10.2Highereducation:Theexistenceofanationalorregionalstrategicpolicyframeworkforincreasingtertiary Human Capital PA5Educationandskills
educationattainment,qualityandefficiencywithinthelimitsofArticle165TFEU. Operational
Programme
10.3. Lifelong learning: The existence of a national and/or regional strategic policy framework for lifelong Human Capital PA5Educationandskills
learningwithinthelimitsofArticle165,TFEU Operational

259
 Applicableexanteconditionalityatnationallevel Operational Priorityaxistowhichtheexanteconditionalityapplies
Programmetowhich

theexante
conditionalityapplies

Programme

10.4.Theexistenceofanationalorregionalstrategicpolicyframeworkforincreasingthequalityandefficiency Human Capital PA5Educationandskills

ofVETsystemswithinthelimitsofArticle165TFEU. Operational
Programme
11. The existence of a strategic policy framework for reinforcing the MS's administrative efficiency including Administrative AdministrativeCapacityOperationalProgramme
publicadministrationreform Capacity
Operational
Programme

Tabelno.3Summaryofapplicablegeneralandthematic/Fundspecificexanteconditionalities,whichareunfulfilledoronlypartiallyfulfilled
Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
1.1. Research and innovation: A framework outlining available The multiannual framework outlining available budgetary March2014 MinistryofNationalEducation,Research
The existence of a national or budgetary resources for research resourcesforresearchandinnovationispartoftheNationalRDI Department
regional smart specialisation andinnovationhasbeenadopted Strategy and also contains available budgetary resources and
strategyinlinewiththeNational prioritizationofinvestmentslinkedtoEUprioritiesandESFRI.
Reform Program, to leverage
private research and innovation
expenditure, which complies
with the features of well
performing national or regional
R&Isystems.
1.2 Research and Innovation An indicative multiannual plan for The multiannual RDI budgetary resources framework also March2014 MinistryofNationalEducation,Research
infrastructure.Theexistenceofa budgeting and prioritisation of contains available budgetary resources and prioritization of Department
multi annual plan for budgeting investments linked to Union investmentslinkedtoEUprioritiesandESFRIandthereispartof
andprioritisationofinvestments. priorities, and, where appropriate, theNationalRDIStrategy.
the European Strategy Forum on
Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) has
beenadopted.

260
 Applicablegeneral
exante
conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
2.1. Digital growth: A strategic
policy framework for digital
growth to stimulate affordable,
good quality and interoperable
ICTenabled private and public
services and increase uptake by
citizens, including vulnerable
groups, businesses and public
administrations including cross
borderinitiatives.
2.2. Next Generation Network
(NGN) Infrastructure: The
existence of national or regional
NGNPlanswhichtakeaccountof
regionalactionsinordertoreach
the Union highspeed Internet
accesstargets,focusingonareas
where the market fails to
provideanopeninfrastructureat
an affordable cost and of a
Bodies
Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
fulfilled (date) for
fulfillment
A strategic policy framework for Revision of the Strategy in order to comply to the criteria under End of MinistryforInformationalSociety
digitalgrowth,forinstance,withinthe thisconditionality. September
national or regional smart 2014
specialisation strategy is in place that
contains:
budgeting and prioritisation of
actionsthroughaSWOTorsimilar
analysis consistent with the
Scoreboard of the Digital Agenda
forEurope;
an analysis of balancing support
for demand and supply of ICT
shouldhavebeenconducted;
indicators to measure progress of
interventions in areas such as
digital literacy, einclusion, e
accessibility, and progress of e
health within the limits of Article
168 TFEU which are aligned,
where appropriate, with existing
relevant sectoral Union, national
orregionalstrategies;
assessment of needs to reinforce
ICTcapacitybuilding.
Anationaland/orregionalNGNPlan RevisionofthePlaninordertocomplytothecriteriaunderthis End of MinistryforInformationalSociety
isinplacethatcontains: conditionality. September
a plan of infrastructure 2014
investments based on an
economic analysis taking account
of existing private and public
infrastructures and planned
investments;
sustainable investment models
that enhance competition and
261
 Applicablegeneral
exante
conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
quality in line with the Union
competition and State aid rules,
and to provide accessible
servicestovulnerablegroups..
3.1. Specific actions have been measures
carried out to underpin the
promotion of entrepreneurship
taking into account the Small
BusinessAct(SBA).
5.1. Risk prevention and risk A national or regional risk
management: The existence of
national or regional risk
assessments for disaster
managementtakingintoaccount
climatechangeadaptation
Criterianot
fulfilled
provide access to open,
affordable, quality and future
proofinfrastructureandservices;
measures to stimulate private
investment.
have been put in place
with the objective of reducing the
time needed to get licenses and
permits to take up and perform the
specific activity of an enterprise
taking account of the targets of the
SBA;
assessment with the following
elementsshallbeinplace:
a description of the process,
methodology,methodsandnon
sensitive data used for risk
assessmentaswellasoftherisk
based criteria for
prioritisationofinvestment;
a description of singlerisk and Singlerisk and multirisk scenarios will be elaborated after the
multiriskscenarios;
taking into account, where Development of the National Action Plan on Climate Change A first draft of
Bodies
Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
(date) for
fulfillment
By Government Decision No. 685/2013 was established the December2014 Departament for SMEs, Business
Working Group for improving the business environment, EnvironmentandTourism
identifying, analyzing and elaborating of proposals for reducing
andsimplifybusinnesslicensesandpermits.
The Action Plan 20132014, elaborated by the WG, concerning
businessenvironmentimproving,wasapprovedbyPrimeminister
andisunderimplementation.
The Action Plan refers the simplification of legislative and
administrative business environment, revising the legislative
frameworktogetlicensesandpermitstotakeupandperformthe
specific activity of an entreprise, taking account the targets of
SBA.
According to GD 2288/2004 were identified institutions with
Ministry of Internal Affairs General
responsibilitiesinriskpreventionandmanagement. InspectorateforEmergencySituations
Assessment of the main risks in Romania will be done by the
Working Group on Risk Assessment at national level (GLERN)
supported by tehcnical assistance. For the formal establishment
March2015
ofGLERNwillbedevelopedandapprovedlegalframework.
RiskevaluationwillbebasedontheCommissionGuidanceonRisk
the Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management.
June2016
The assessment will involve a wide range of actors and
stakeholders, consider all three categories of impacts and will
addresscrossborderissues
Also,theevaluationwillprovideprioritisationofinvestments.
June2016
July2015
evaluation.
Also,theevaluationwillprovideadescriptionofthescenarios.
September
2015
Ministry of Internal Affairs General
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 Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
appropriate, national climate which will detail the sectorial actions of the National Strategy in the Action Plan InspectorateforEmergencySituations
changeadaptationstrategies thefield. first quarter
2015 Ministry of Environment and Climate
Final version Changes
and approval
second quarter
2015
6.1. Water sector: The existence In sectors supported by the ERDF Theanalysisfortherecoveryofrelatedcostsofwaterserviceswill A first draft of Ministry of Environment and Climate
ofa)awaterpricingpolicywhich and the Cohesion Fund, a Member becompletedinthefollowingBasinRiversManagementPlans,by the National Changes
providesadequateincentivesfor State has ensured a contribution of includingoftheexternalitiesofenvironmentalcostsandofcosts Management
users to use water resources the different water uses to the ofresourcesonthebasisoftherecommandedmethodologiesof Plan for the
efficiently and b) an adequate recovery of the costs of water EuropeanCommission. part of the
contribution of the different services by sector consistent with TheactualizationoftheNationalManagementPlanforthepart International
waterusestotherecoveryofthe the first indent of Article 9(1) of of the International Danube District which belongs to Romanian Danube District
costs of water services at a rate Directive2000/60/EChavingregard, Territoryandof11RiverBasinsManagementPlans which belongs
determinedintheapprovedriver where appropriate, to the social, to Romanian
basin management plan for environmentalandeconomiceffects Territoryandof
investment supported by the of the recovery as well as the 11 River Basins
programmes geographic and climatic conditions Management
oftheregionorregionsaffected. Plans 22
December
2014
Final version
and approval
22 December
2015
6.2. Waste sector: Promoting Theexistenceofoneormorewaste National Waste Management Plan (NWMP) will be revised in Trimester II Ministry of Environment and Climate
economically and management plans as required accordance with NWMS and the new requirements of Law 2015 Changes
environmentally sustainable under Article 28 of Directive 211/2011 on waste which transpose Directive 2008/98/EC.
investments in the waste sector 2008/98/EC. Currently we are preparing tender documentation to choose the
particularly through the consultantwhichwillrealizetheNWMP.
development of waste
management plans consistent The existence of waste prevention DevelopingtheNationalWastePreventionPlan.Itwillbepartof Trimester II Ministry of Environment and Climate
with Directive 2008/98/EC, and programmes, as required under theNationalWasteManagementPlan. 2015 Changes

263
 Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
withthewastehierarchy Article29ofDirective2008/98/EC;

7.1.Transport:Theexistenceofa The existence of a comprehensive The General Transport Master Plan (GTMP) is in an advanced 31July2014 MinistryofTransport
comprehensive plan or plans or transport plan or plans or stage of elaboration. The GTMP elaboration has started in April
framework or frameworks for framework or frameworks for 2012,withtechnicalassistancesupport.
transport investment in transport investment which TheGTMPwill includealltransportmodes(road,rail,water,air,
accordance with the Member complieswithlegalrequirementsfor and intermodality) and will include a comprehensive investment
States' institutional setup strategic environmental assessment plan for transport sector until 2030. It will comply with strategic
(including public transport at andsetsout: environmental assessment, that is under elaboration. A working
regional and local level) which thecontributiontothesingle groupwassetupinordertoelaboratetheEnvironmentalReport.
supports infrastructure European Transport Area consistent The GTMP will contain the National Transport Model, including
development and improves with Article 10 of Regulation No core and comprehensive TENT network, TENT conections at
connectivity to the TENT 1315/2013 of the european nationallevel.
comprehensive and core Parliament and of the Council, The secondary connectivity with TENT network is also ensured
networks. including priorities for investments andisanalysedintheGTMP.
in: TheGTMPwilldeliverarealisticandmaturepipelineofprojects,
including projects that will be financed by European funds. The
the core TENT network and the GTMP development includes a large process for
comprehensive network where needs/interventions/projects identification, including traffic
investmentfromtheERDFandCF modelationandCBA.Theimplementationandbudgetaryplanwill
isenvisaged;and bwalsopartoftheGTMP.
secondaryconnectivity.
a realistic and mature
pipeline for projects which support
from the ERDF and the Cohesion
Fundisenvisaged.

264
 Applicablegeneral
exante
conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
7.2. Railway: The existence
within the comprehensive
transport plan or plans or
framework or frameworks of a
specific section on railway
developmentinaccordancewith
the MSs institutional setup
Bodies
Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
fulfilled (date) for
fulfillment
Measures to ensure the capacity of Themeasurestoensurethecapacityofintermediarybodiesand 30 September
intermediary bodies and beneficiariestodelivertheprojectpipeline: 2014
beneficiaries to deliver the project Organize of periodic seminars, based on a trainning plan for
pipeline. profesional development that will have different topic like
public procurement, FIDIC contracts, financial management,
suspicions of irregularities and frauds, in order to build the
capacityofthehumanresourcesinvolvedinthemanagemntof
structuralfunds;
Elaboration of operational procedures for the beneficiaries,
advised by the intermediary body and aproved by the
Managing Authority that will cover the conduct of public
procurement procedures, authorization of reimburstments
generated by project implementation, identification of
suspicions of irregularities and/or frauds, project monitoring
(technicalandfinancial),identificationofconflictofinterest,an
other areas that involve the implementation of projects
financedfromstructuralfunds;
Approvaloforganizationalstructuresandoforganizationaland
functioning regulation at beneficiaries level in order to ensure
the fullfilment of essential functions needed for project
implementation. For exemple: evaluation function, monitoring
function, implementation function, control risk identification
function;
Establishment of some control structures at the intermediary
body level that will verify how the implementation of the
operational procedures at beneficiaries level is made, in order
tobuildthecontrolandmanagementsystemoftheprogram.
Theexistenceofasectiononrailway The General Transport Master Plan (GTMP) is in an advanced 31July2014 MinistryofTransport
development within the transport stage of elaboration. The GTMP elaboration has started in April
plan or plans or framework or 2012,withtechnicalassistancesupport.
frameworks as set out above which TheGTMPwill includealltransportmodes(road,rail,water,air,
complieswithlegalrequirementsfor and intermodality) and will include a comprehensive investment
strategic environmental assessment plan for transport sector until 2030. It will comply with strategic
(SEA) and sets out a realistic and environmental assessment, that is under elaboration. A working
265
 Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
(including public transport at mature project pipeline (including a groupwassetupinordertoelaboratetheEnvironmentalReport.
regional and local level) which timetable and budgetary The GTMP will contain the National Transport Model, including
supports infrastructure framework); core and comprehensive TENT network, TENT conections at
development and improves nationallevel.
connectivity to the TENT The secondary connectivity with TENT network is also ensured
comprehensive and core andisanalysedintheGTMP.
networks.Theinvestmentscover TheGTMPwilldeliverarealisticandmaturepipelineofprojects,
mobile assets, interoperability including projects that will be financed by European funds. The
andcapacitybuilding. GTMP development includes a large process for
needs/interventions/projects identification, including traffic
modelationandCBA.Theimplementationandbudgetaryplanwill
bwalsopartoftheGTMP.

Themeasurestoensurethecapacityofintermediarybodiesand
Measures to ensure the capacity of beneficiariestodelivertheprojectpipeline: 30 September
intermediary bodies and Organize of periodic seminars, based on a trainning plan for 2014
beneficiaries to deliver the project profesional development that will have different topic like
pipeline. public procurement, FIDIC contracts, financial management,
suspicions of irregularities and frauds, in order to build the
capacityofthehumanresourcesinvolvedinthemanagemntof
structuralfunds;
Elaboration of operational procedures for the beneficiaries,
advised by the intermediary body and aproved by the
Managing Authority that will cover the conduct of public
procurement procedures, authorization of reimburstments
generated by project implementation, identification of
suspicions of irregularities and/or frauds, project monitoring
(technicalandfinancial),identificationofconflictofinterest,an
other areas that involve the implementation of projects
financedfromstructuralfunds;
Approvaloforganizationalstructuresandoforganizationaland
functioning regulation at beneficiaries level in order to ensure
the fullfilment of essential functions needed for project
implementation. For exemple: evaluation function, monitoring

266
 Applicablegeneral
exante
conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
7.3. Other modes of transport,
including inlandwaterways and
maritime transport, ports,
multimodal links and airport
infrastructure: the existence
within the comprehensive
transport plan or plans or
framework or frameworks of a
specific section on inland
waterways and maritime
transport, ports, multimodal
links and airport infrastructure,
which contribute to improving
connectivity to the TENT
comprehensive and core
networks and to promoting
sustainable regional and local
mobility.
Bodies
Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
fulfilled (date) for
fulfillment
function, implementation function, control risk identification
function;
Establishment of some control structures at the intermediary
body level that will verify how the implementation of the
operational procedures at beneficiaries level is made, in order
tobuildthecontrolandmanagementsystemoftheprogram.
Theexistenceofasectiononinland The General Transport Master Plan (GTMP) is in an advanced 31July2014 MinistryofTransport
waterways and maritime transport, stage of elaboration. The GTMP elaboration has started in April
ports, multimodal links and airport 2012,withtechnicalassistancesupport.
infrastructure within the transport TheGTMPwill includealltransportmodes(road,rail,water,air,
plan or plans or framework or and intermodality) and will include a comprehensive investment
frameworkswhich: plan for transport sector until 2030. It will comply with strategic
complies with legal requirements environmental assessment, that is under elaboration. A working
for strategic environmental groupwassetupinordertoelaboratetheEnvironmentalReport.
assessment; The GTMP will contain the National Transport Model, including
sets out a realistic and mature core and comprehensive TENT network, TENT conections at
project pipeline (including a nationallevel.
timetable and budgetary The secondary connectivity with TENT network is also ensured
framework); andisanalysedintheGTMP.
TheGTMPwilldeliverarealisticandmaturepipelineofprojects,
including projects that will be financed by European funds. The
GTMP development includes a large process for
needs/interventions/projects identification, including traffic
modelationandCBA.Theimplementationandbudgetaryplanwill
bwalsopartoftheGTMP.
Themeasurestoensurethecapacityofintermediarybodiesand
Measures to ensure the capacity of beneficiariestodelivertheprojectpipeline: 30 September
intermediary bodies and Organize of periodic seminars, based on a trainning plan for 2014
beneficiaries to deliver the project profesional development that will have different topic like
pipeline. public procurement, FIDIC contracts, financial management,
suspicions of irregularities and frauds, in order to build the
capacityofthehumanresourcesinvolvedinthemanagemntof
267
 Applicablegeneral
exante
conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
7.4 Development of smart
energy distribution, storage and
transmissionsystems.
The existence of comprehensive
plans for investments in smart
energy infrastructure, and of
regulatory measures, which
contribute to improving energy
efficiencyandsecurityofsupply
8.1.Activelabourmarketpolicies Employment services have the Evenifalegalframeworkinplacecontainsactive,preventiveand
aredesignedanddeliveredinthe
light of the Employment
guidelines
Bodies
Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
fulfilled (date) for
fulfillment
structuralfunds;
Elaboration of operational procedures for the beneficiaries,
advised by the intermediary body and aproved by the
Managing Authority that will cover the conduct of public
procurement procedures, authorization of reimburstments
generated by project implementation, identification of
suspicions of irregularities and/or frauds, project monitoring
(technicalandfinancial),identificationofconflictofinterest,an
other areas that involve the implementation of projects
financedfromstructuralfunds;
Approvaloforganizationalstructuresandoforganizationaland
functioning regulation at beneficiaries level in order to ensure
the fullfilment of essential functions needed for project
implementation. For exemple: evaluation function, monitoring
function, implementation function, control risk identification
function;
Establishment of some control structures at the intermediary
body level that will verify how the implementation of the
operational procedures at beneficiaries level is made, in order
tobuildthecontrolandmanagementsystemoftheprogram.
Thoseplansshallcontain: Transmission system operators intend to access structural funds I quarter Department for Energy and National
a realistic and mature project inthenextperiod. 2014 AuthorityforEnergyRegulation(NAER)/
pipeline for projects for which Transmission system operators (ectricity and natural gas) will transmissionsystemoperators
support from the ERDF is prioritizeprojectsthatwillrequirefunding(oftheprojectslisted
envisaged; in their 10years Plans) and will determine the details of
implementation.
Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
capacityto,anddo,deliver: early intervention measures, in order to deliver personalized ProtectionandElderly
personalised services and active services, as the capacity of the National Agency of Employment
and preventive labour market and of the territorial units is limited in providing these services,
measures at anearly stage, which especially for the disadvantages or marginalised community, the
268
 Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
are open to all jobseekers while followingactionsaretobetaken:
focusing on people at highest risk AnalysisofstructuresineachcountyandinBucharestto
Second
of social exclusion, including identifytheservicesthatcanbeoutsourced quarter,2014
people from marginalised OutsourcingsomeoftheservicesprovidedbythePESby Third quarter,
communities; 2014
signingcontractswithprivateemploymentproviders
OutsourcingsomeoftheservicesprovidedbytheSPOfor Third quarter,
disadvantagepeopleorcommunitiesbysigningcontracts 2014
withprivateemploymentproviders

comprehensive and transparent Inordertohaveasystemforanationwidecollectionandanalysis Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
information on new job vacancies oflabourmarketdata/labourmarketintelligence,itisforeseento ProtectionandElderly
and employment opportunities ccontracting, in accordance with the law, of services for
taking into account the changing performing LM analyses and forecasts within the limits of

needsofthelabourmarket; budgetaryresourcesavailablefromtheunemploymentinsurance

budget and other sources. Steps to fulfil this criteria are the
following:
Designingandapprovalofthetenderingdocumentation Third quarter,
Organizationofprocurementprocedure 2014
Forth quarter,
Contractingtheservices 2014
First quarter,
Implementingthecontractandpresentingtheresults 2015
Second
quarter,2015
Employment services have set up Forthecooperationwiththetemporaryworkagenciesthe Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
formal or informal cooperation followingstepsaretobecompleted: ProtectionandElderly
arrangements with relevant Organize meetings with representatives of employment June2014
stakeholders.
agencies in order to define the possibilities for
collaboration
Initiationandperformingofcollaborativeprogramswith December
temporaryemploymentagencies 2014
8.2. Selfemployment, actions linking suitable business The analysis eleborated within the National Strategy and Action December2014 Departament for SMEs, Business

269
 Applicablegeneral
exante
conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
entrepreneurship and business
creation: the existence of a
strategic policy framework for
inclusivestartup.
8.3. Labour market institutions Actions to reform employment
are modernised and
strengthened in the light of the withthecapacitytodeliver:
EmploymentGuidelines;
Reforms of labour market
institutionswillbeprecededbya
clear strategic policy framework
andexanteassessmentincluding
thegenderdimension
Bodies
Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
fulfilled (date) for
fulfillment
development services and financial Plan on Social Inclusion and Poverty Reduction and National EnvironmentandTourism
services(accesstocapital),including Strategy Regarding Elderly and Active Ageing will contribute to
reaching out to disadvantaged identifydisadvantagedandunderrepresentedgroups.
groups, areas, or both, where Departament for SMEs, Business Environment and Tourism with
needed. thesuportofMinistryofLabor,Family,SocialProtectionandthe
Elderly,willextendthecooperationwiththeothersstakeholders
inordertoidentifytoolsandprogramestosupportthesegroups
innextyears.
Evenifalegalframeworkinplacecontainsactive,preventiveand Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
services, aiming at providing them early intervention measures, in order to deliver personalized ProtectionandElderly
services, as the capacity of the National Agency of Employment
personalised services and active and of the territorial units is limited in providing these services,
and preventive labour market especially for the disadvantages or marginalised community, the
measures at anearly stage, which followingactionsaretobetaken:
Secondquarter,
are open to all jobseekers while AnalysisofstructuresineachcountyandinBucharestto
focusing on people at highest risk 2014
identifytheservicesthatcanbeoutsourced
of social exclusion, including
OutsourcingsomeoftheservicesprovidedbythePESby Third quarter,
people from marginalised
signingcontractswithprivateemploymentproviders 2014
communities;
OutsourcingsomeoftheservicesprovidedbytheSPOfor
disadvantagepeopleorcommunitiesbysigningcontracts Third quarter,
withprivateemploymentproviders 2014
comprehensive and transparent Inordertohaveasystemforanationwidecollectionandanalysis Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
information on new job vacancies oflabourmarketdata/labourmarketintelligence,itisforeseento ProtectionandElderly
and employment opportunities ccontracting, in accordance with the law, of services for
taking into account the changing performing LM analyses and forecasts within the limits of
needsofthelabourmarket. budgetaryresourcesavailablefromtheunemploymentinsurance
budget and other sources. Steps to fulfil this criteria are the
following:
Designingandapprovalofthetenderingdocumentation Third quarter,
Organizationofprocurementprocedure 2014
Forth quarter,
Contractingtheservices 2014
First quarter,
270
 Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
Implementingthecontractandpresentingtheresults 2015
Secondquarter,
2015
Reform of employment services Forthecooperationwiththetemporaryworkagenciesthe Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
will include the creation of formal followingstepsaretobecompleted: ProtectionandElderly
or informal cooperation networks Organize meetings with representatives of employment June2014
withrelevantstakeholders.
agencies in order to define the possibilities for
collaboration
Initiationandperformingofcollaborativeprogramswith December
temporaryemploymentagencies 2014
8.4. Active and healthy ageing: Relevant stakeholders are involved In accordance with the Legal Agreement between the
Active ageing policies are inthedesignandfollowupofactive Management Authority for Sectoral Operational Program
designed in the light of the ageing policies with a view to Human Resources Development (MASOPHRD) and the
EmploymentGuidelines. retaining elderly workers on the
World Bank, for the elaboration of the National Strategy
labour market and promoting their
regarding Elderly and Active Ageing 20142020, in the TheStrategy
employment;
preparation phase of the strategic document: 3. regarding

Description of activities, resources and results, Activity 3: elderlyand
ElaborationofthedraftNationalStrategyregardingelderly activeageing
andactiveageing20142020.Thestrategywillbedesign willbe
withalargeparticipationoftherelevantstakeholders. finalizedin
TheStrategyregardingelderlyandactiveageingwillbe 2014
finalizedin2014
Themainmilestonesfromthetechnicalassistancecontract
betweenMASOPHRDandWorldBank(no.321
CS/26.02.2014)arethefollowing:
Thefirstdraftoftheanalysisdocument July2014
Thefirstdraftofthestrategy September
2014
Thefinaldraftofthestrategy November
2014
Strategy Progress:

271
Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
Working groups have been established with
representatives from 7 ministries (Ministry of Labour,
Family,SocialProtectionandElderly,MinistryofRegional
Development and Public Administration, Ministry of
Health, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Education,
Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development).
The consultations for the elaboration of the Strategy
havestarted,involvingWBexperts,5ministries(Ministry
of Regional Development and Public Administration,
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of
Economy the Department for Small and Medium
Enterprises,MinistryofLabour,Family,SocialProtection
andElderly),theNationalInstituteforMedicalExpertise
and Recovery of Working Capacity, one agency
subordinatedtoMoLFSPE(NationalAgencyforPayments
and Social Inspection), and 4 MoLFSPE departments
(pensions, disability, employment, labour health and
safety).Thedebatedthemesregardemployment,health,
education,andsocialservices.FurthermeetingswithWB
experts and representative organizations for older
personsandotherrelevantNGOsarebeingplanned.
Pension modelling and training workshop completed
the one weeklong pension modelling and training
workshop with the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of
Labour, Family, Social Protection and Elderly, National
HouseforPublicPensionswasorganizedwithmodelling
softwareandexpertsprovidedbytheWorldBank.
Socioeconomic Analysis regarding Demography and
Active Ageing for life in dignity elaborated with more
than 30 representatives from relevant institutions and

272
 Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
NGOs
http://www.mmuncii.ro/ j33/images/Documente /Familie/
MMFPSPV%20ANALIZA%20IMBATRANIRE%20ACTIVA.pdf
Permanent relevant stakeholders that are involved in the
designandfollowupofactiveageingpoliciesare:
NationalCouncilforSeniorCitizens(Lawnr.16/2000);
Functioning advisory civic dialogue problems of older
people in the prefectures (Government Decision no.
499/2004).
TheelaborationoftheNationalStrategyregardingElderly
and Active Ageing 20142020 is an additional measure
assumed by the Romanian Government for enhancing the
existing policies, aiming at improving the life standards of
elderlyinRomania.

8.5. Adaptation of workers, Instruments are in place to support On21February2013,theprojectModelstoencourage Willbe Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
enterprisesandentrepreneursto social partners and public investmentincontinuoustrainingatthecompanylevel finalizedin ProtectionandElderly
change:Theexistenceofpolicies authorities to develop and monitor starteditsimplementation November
aimed at favouring anticipation proactive approaches towards
2014
and good management of change and restructuring which
ItwassignedthecontractfortheprojectEvaluationof Willbe
changeandrestructuring. includemeasures:
topromoteanticipationofchange; the policies and measures to encourage active aging, finalizedin
withinwhichthemethodologyforexanteandexpost December
evaluationofthemeasuresforeseenisbedeveloped. 2015
The following projects are to be tendered in February
andMarch2014:
Prognosis of the evolution of the labour market The projects
strategies in Romania in the context of creating jobs are to be
for new economic sectors. Dynamic analysis and finalized in
forecastfromtheperspectiveofdevelopinggreenjobs 2015
Anticipating the developments in the labor market
strategies for the period 20132020, alternative

273
 Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
scenariosandstrategiesforpromptresponseinterms
oflabormarketpolicies
System measures to increase youth employment and
exanteevaluationoftheirimpact
Evaluatingtheimpactofactivemeasuresonreducing
unemploymentandincreasingemployment
Systemmeasurestoincreaseemploymentfocusedon
ruralpopulation
8.6. The existence of a strategic A strategic policy framework for Currently there are individual data bases which comprise Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
policy framework for promoting promoting youth employment is in these information such as PES data base, Ministry of ProtectionandElderly
youth employment including placethat: National Education database, Ministry of Regional
through the implementation of is based on evidence that
DevelopmentandPublicAdministrationdatabase
theYouthGuarantee. measures the results for young
Creating an integrated data base dedicated to young
people not in employment,
people from NEET category which should include
education or training and that
This ex ante conditionality represents a base to develop information received from the 26 youth guarantee
applies only for implementation targeted policies and monitor centres , from Ministry of National Education, Ministry
oftheYEI developments; of Regional Development and Public Administration
through the department for persons record and data
management
o Signing an agreement between the institutions 2nd Quarter,
responsible with information exchange to young 2014
peoplefromNEETcategory
o Developing the information system targeting young 3rd Quarter,
peoplefromNEETcategory 2014
Periodically monitoring the evolution of NEETs in PES 3th Quarter,
records (quarterly, annually) in correlation with the 2014
database of the Ministry of National Education and the
Ministry of Regional Development and Public
Administration, in order to analyse the causes of NEETs
unemployment
allows early intervention and Informationandprofessionslcounsellingservicesareto December

274
 Applicablegeneral
exante
conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
9.1. The existence and the A national strategic policy
implementation of a national
strategic policy framework for
poverty reduction aiming at the
active inclusion of people
excludedfromthelabourmarket
in the light of the Employment
guidelines.
Bodies
Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
fulfilled (date) for
fulfillment
activation; beprovidedinschools,incollaborationwithlocalschool 2015
inspectorates, in accordance with the managerial
performancecontractsignedbetweenPESandMoLFSPE
for2014
Early intervention and activation measures are to be
provided through the 26 youth guarantee centres
established at national level by the two pilot projects
(financedthroughHRDOP20072013.
National Strategy regarding the Social Inclusion and The strategy Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
framework for poverty reduction, PovertyReduction20142020willbedraftedwithtechnical willbeadopted ProtectionandElderly
aimingatactiveinclusion,isinplace
that: assistance(WorldBank). andinplaceby
providesasufficientevidencebase December
to develop policies for poverty 2014
reduction and monitor
developments; The strategy will have also a comprehensive operational
action plan, including a monitoring mechanism, with
indicators.
Theoutputofthestrategywillbethefollowing:
a. The Draft Strategic Vision on Social Inclusion and
PovertyReductionfor20142020
b. TheDraftStrategyonSocialInclusionandPoverty
Reductionfor20142020 April2014
c. TheDraftActionPlanforthe20142020period
According to the deadlines from the technical assistance
contract between MASOPHRD and World Bank (no. 325 December
CS/26.02.2014), the final draft strategy, action plan and
2014
implementationplanwillbedeliveredbyMarch2015
Differentanalysiswereperformedinthisfield: December
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Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
A socioeconomic analysis regarding social affairs and 2014
social inclusion was elaborated with the support of
different stakeholders formthe public,private andNGO
sector(above0stakeholdersinvolved).
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j3/images/Documente/
Familie/MMFPSPV%20ANALIZA%20AFACERI%
20SOCIALE%20SI%20INCLUZIUNE%20SOCIALA.pdf
A socioeconomic analysis regarding entrepreneurship
and social economy was elaborated with the support of
different stakeholders formthe public,private andNGO
sector(above40stakeholdersinvolved).
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j3/images
/Documente/Familie/MMFPSPV%20
ANALIZA%20ANTREPRENORIAT%2
0SI%20ECONOMIE%20SOCIALA.pdf
NationalReportonSocialInclusionIndicators2012
http://www.mmuncii.ro/j3/
images/Documente/Familie/DGAS/2808
2013Set_indic2012.pdf
NationalInstituteofStatistics
National Prognosis Commission data prognosis
regarding relative poverty and the rate of poverty and
social exclusion until 2020, according EUSILC
methodology
NationalReformProgram
The analysis documents on the current situation
regarding the poverty and social inclusion will be
undertakenintheprocessofelaborationoftheNational

276
Applicablegeneral
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conditionalitiesfor Criterianot
whichnational fulfilled
bodiesare
responsible
contains measures supporting the
achievement of the national
povertyandsocialexclusiontarget
(asdefinedintheNationalReform
Programme), which includes the
promotion of sustainable and
quality employment opportunities
for people at the highest risk of
social exclusion, including people
frommarginalisedcommunities;
Bodies
Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
(date) for
fulfillment
Strategyregardingthepromotionofsocialinclusionand
combatingpoverty20142020withtheWorldBank.
The results of the research and development projects:
Models to restructure the social benefits systems and to
evaluate the impact on poverty reduction and income
distributionandEfficiencyandeffectivenessofthesocial
benefits system in Romania in order to improve and
modernize through the micro simulation model that are
part of the Research and Development Plan for 2013
2015, approved through the Order of the minister of
labour, family, social protection and elderly no.
3808/28.12.2012
National Strategy regarding the Promotion of Social Final draft
Inclusion and Combating Poverty 20142020 will cover March2015
followingsections:
employment and labour market policies (including
measureswhichfosterthesocialeconomysector),
social protection (social assistance benefits, social
services,pensions),
protection of poor households against energy tariff
increases,
education,health,andhousingconditions,
ruralpoverty,and6.regionaldimensionsofpovertyand
socialinclusion
National Reform Program reflects the set target for
reducing the number of persons affected by poverty,
according to the goals of Europe 2020 Strategy. It also
includesindicators
http://www.mae.ro/sites/default/files/file
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 Applicablegeneral
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conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
/Europa2021/PNR_2011_2013.pdf
involves relevant stakeholders in NationalStrategyregardingthepromotionofsocial Final draft
combatingpoverty; inclusionandcombatingpoverty20142020 March2015

The relevant stakeholders are involved in the design and

implementationofthenationalstrategicpolicyframework.
Regarding the legislative acts they are drafted by the
MoLFSPEandpresentedforpublicconsultation.

The socialeconomic analysis on social inclusion and social

economy were elaborated with the contribution of over
100relevantactors,respectively40relevantactor.s

Upon request and where necessary Under the TA Priority Axis Human Capital OP 20142020 December 2014
relevant stakeholders can be will be included measures through which support will be
provided with support for provided to small applicants for preparation of project
submitting project applications and
proposals, but also during implementation stage. In
for implementing and managing the
addition,thoseinterventionsthataretobeimplementedin
selectedprojects.
the framework of global grants scheme, the administrator
of the global grant will provide support to small
beneficiaries.
9.2. A national Roma inclusion AnationalRomainclusionstrategyis TheStrategyisunderrevision TrimIV2014 NAR/SGG
strategic policy framework is in inplacethat:
place sets achievable national goals
for Roma integration to bridge
the gap with the general
population.Thesetargetsshould
address the four EU Roma
integration goals relating to
access to education,

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whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
employment, healthcare and
housing;
identifies where relevant those Thesubcriteriawillbefulfilledthroughtheresultsoftwo TrimIII2014
disadvantaged microregions or surveyswhichwillbepublished:
segregated neighbourhoods, 1. Consultation and diagnosis study on support policies
where communities are most
for Roma integration in Romania (not yet finalized and
deprived,usingalreadyavailable
disseminated)
socioeconomic and territorial
indicators (i.e. very low 2. Developing integration strategies for poor areas and
educational level, longterm disadvantagedcommunities(anWorldBankresearch/The
unemployment,etc); Ministry of Regional Development and Public
Administration)
The rsultrs of the studies will be taken into account during the
Strategyrevision.
includes strong monitoring TheStrategyrevisionwillincludeareviewmechanisminorderto TrimIV2014
methods to evaluate the impact itsadaptationbasedonthemonitoringresults.
of Roma integration actions and
a review mechanism for the
adaptationofthestrategy,
Upon request and where necessary NAR/SGG will ask for technical assistance through OPTA 2013 Trim.IV/2016
relevant stakeholders can be 2017 and OP Human Capital 20142020 for beneficiaries/local
provided with support for public authorities who initiate projects in areas covered by the
submitting project applications and Strategy.
for implementing and managing the
selectedprojects.

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whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
9.3. Health: The existence of a A national or regional strategic The Draft Government Decision was republished on the MS site November2016 TheMinistryofHealth
national or regional strategic policy framework for health is in on the 25th of February, 2014 (after having been in public
policy framework for health placethatcontains: consultation) and follows the proceedure for approval. The elaboration
within the limits of Article 168 coordinated measures to The strategy The Natrional Strategy for Health 20142020 of the National
TFEU ensuring economic improve access to health HealthforProsperityisavailableattheweblink: Health Strategy
sustainability. services; http://www.ms.gov.ro/documente/Anexa%201 20142020
measurestostimulateefficiency %20SNS_905_1802.pdf (NHS 2014
in the health sector, through ImplementationPlan 2020) covers all
deployment of service delivery http://www.ms.gov.ro/documente/Anexa%202%20 the exante
modelsandinfrastructure; Plan%20implementare_905_1803.pdf criteria.
amonitoringandreviewsystem.
There is an

192
Agatekeeperisahealthcareprofessional,usuallyaprimarycarephysicianoraphysicianextender,whoisthepatient'sfirstcontactwiththehealthcaresystemandorganisesthepatient'sfurtheraccess
tothesystem
193
Choiceofprovidermeansinhowfarthepatientisfreetochoosehimself/herselftheproviderofcare.

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conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
MonitoringandEvaluationPlan action plan in
place which
http://www.ms.gov.ro/documente/Anexa%203%20 stipulates that
%20Plan%20Monitorizare%20Evaluare_905_1804.pdf all the
measures
corresponding
TheStrateyencompassesaccessmeasuresthatreferto:
tothe3criteria
organization of care (opening hours (including 24 hour
will be
accessibility),medicalstaffshifts,managementofwaitinglists,
implemented
primarycare,GPquotasofpatients,gatekeeping192,choiceof
between March
providers193,homeoroutpatientcare);
2014
territorial access (availability and location of services and
November
personnel);
2016.
physicalaccess(accessforthedisabled);

insurance coverage, affordability and measures to address

socioeconomicfactorsaffectingaccess;

outreach initiatives for hardtoreach, marginal or vulnerable

groups;

measurestoimproveaccesstoeHealthandtelemedicine

accesstopharmaceuticalsandothermedicinalproducts;

orothermeasurestoimproveaccesstohealthservices.

All these measures are to be provided through the

implementationoftheStrategy.

Regarding measures to stimulate efficiency in the health sector
through deployment of service delivery models and
infrastructure; the strategy encompasses access measures that

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conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
referto:
service delivery models (e.g. transformative measures such as November2016
shiftfromhospitalandinstitutionalbasedcaretocommunity
based(orhomebased)care,orpromotionofmoreintegrated
formsofcaree.g.intersectionbetweenhealthandsocialcare;
supportmeasuressuchastrainingtohealthworkers);
infrastructure including mapping out of the infrastructure
needs (e.g. concentration of specialized services, availability September
andaccessibilityofallservices); 2014
or other measures to stimulate efficiency in the health sector
through deployment of, service delivery models and November2015
infrastructure.

Regarding the monitoring and review system, the Strategy

disposesofaplanforreviewandmonitoring.(Annexnr.2)Itwill
2015
befinancedthroughaprojectfinancedunderOPTA.

A MS or region has adopted a Concerning a framework outlining available budgetary resources May2014
framework outlining available on an indicative basis and a costeffective concentration of
budgetaryresourcesonanindicative resources on prioritised needs for health care, the main
basis and a costeffective investment priorities from FESI are presented in the
concentration of resources on implementationplanoftheStrategy.
prioritisedneedsforhealthcare.
Thecriteriaofselectionfortheinvestmentsthatwillbefinanced
through FESI 20142020, as well as the list with prioritary

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 Applicablegeneral
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conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
investmentsatnationalevelarepresentedintheHealthchapter
inthePartnershipAgreement.
10.1 Early school leaving: The Asystemforcollectingandanalysing A data collection system is being developed within the project December2014 MinistryofNationalEducation
existence of a strategic policy data and information on ESL at "Development of Integrated Information System of Education in
framework to reduce early relevantlevelsisinplacethat: Romania (financed through ACD OP) and will ensure the
school leaving (ESL) within the developmentofaunifiedandflexiblemanagementofallactivities
limitsofArticle165TFEU. in the field of education, which will integrate with National
Education Database, other data bases and existing applications,
informationalsystemsdoneunderotherprojects.
provides a sufficient evidence
base to develop targeted policies The National Strategic for Reducing the Early School Leaving September
andmonitorsdevelopments. which is under elaboration (using World Bank technical December2014
assistance) includes a mechanism to monitor and evaluate
projectsandinitiativesaimedatreducingESL.
A strategic policy framework on ESL is The final draft of the National Strategy for Reducing the early April2014
inplacethat: schoolleavingwillinclude:
an analysis and proposals based on current data and
isbasedonevidence; information,includingtherelevantterritoriallevels
thenationalfactorsthattriggerESLandthestatisticaldataat
relevantterritoriallevels;
covers relevant educational adescriptionofthemeasuresatallterritoriallevels
sectors including early childhood adescriptionoftheadequatemeasuresforeachtherelevant
development, targets in particular educationalsectors,targetingthemaincategoriesofpeople
vulnerablegroupsthataremostat inriskofESLandthestatisticalsizingonmediumterm,
risk of ESL including people from aprioritisationofinterventionstakingintoaccountdifferent
marginalised communities, and categoriesofpersonsandassociatedriskfactors
addresses prevention,
intervention and compensation
measures;
involves all policy sectors and Thestrategywillhave:
stakeholders that are relevant to a dedicated chapter regarding the partnership framework
addressESL. andtheconsultationwiththemainstakeholders
an integrated, nationally coordinated approach between
different sectoral policies/existing initiatives aimed at

283
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bodiesare
responsible
10.2 Higher education: The A national or regional strategic policy
existence of a national or framework for tertiary education is in
regional strategic policy placewiththefollowingelements:
frameworkforincreasingtertiary where necessary, measures to
education attainment, quality increase participation and
andefficiencywithinthelimitsof attainmentthat:
Article165TFEU. increase higher education
participation among low income
groups and other under
represented groups with special
regardtodisadvantagedpeople,
including people
marginalisedcommunities;
reduce dropout rates/ improve
completionrates;
encourage innovative content
andprogrammedesign;
measures to increase
employability and
entrepreneurshipthat:
encourage the development of
"transversal skills", including
entrepreneurship in relevant
highereducationprogrammes;
reduce gender differences in
terms of academic and
vocationalchoices.
10.3. Lifelong learning: The A national or regional strategic policy
existence of a national and/or framework for lifelong learning is in
regional strategic policy placethatcontainsmeasures:
Bodies
Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
(date) for
fulfillment
childrenandyoungpeople;
ThefinaldraftoftheNationalStrategyofTertiaryEducationwill April2014 MinistryofNationalEducation
include:
measurestoaddresstheunderrepresentationdependingon
the type/profile of people from the marginalized
communities
from
an analysis on the causes of dropout/non completion of
highereducation
an analysis based on the education programmes developed
in20072013regardingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesof
the current curricula in order to implement the student
centred learning and to fully exploit the potential of ICT in
teachingandlearning.
an analysis based on the education programmes developed
in 20072013 in order to evaluate the extent to which the
higher education programs help students to develop the
relevant "transversal" skills necessary to obtain a job,
includingtheentrepreneurialskillsandincludingmeasuresto
encourage higher education institutions to promote the
developmentoftransversalskillsthroughtheirprograms.
an analysis to evaluate gender balance in higher education
which will include measures to address the identified
problemsregardingthegenderimbalances.
The final draft of the National Strategy of Lifelong Learning will May2014 MinistryofNationalEducation
include:
an analysis and proposals based on current data and
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 Applicablegeneral
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conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
framework for lifelong learning to support the developing and information,includingtherelevantterritoriallevels
within the limits of Article 165, linking services for LL, including a description of the manner in which the lifelong learning
TFEU their implementation and skills methodswillbeintegrated/applicableatnationallevel
upgrading (i.e. validation, a dedicated chapter regarding the partnership framework
guidance, education and training) andtheconsultationwiththemainstakeholders
andprovidingfortheinvolvement
of, and partnership with relevant
stakeholders;
to the provision of skills an analysis of the relevant statistical data regarding the
development for various target target groups identified as a priority and prioritize them in
groupswheretheseareidentified correlationwiththeLLappropriateinterventions.
asprioritiesinnationalorregional correlation with different strategy in the field of
strategic policy frameworks (for employment,educationandvocationaltraining
example young people in
vocational training, adults,
parents returning to the labour
market, low skilled and older
workers, migrants and other
disadvantaged groups, in
particular people with
disabilities);
widen access to LL including a description and prioritization of the necessary specific
through efforts to effectively interventions required for opening the educational
implementtransparencytools(for institutionsfortheunderrepresentedgroups.
example the European a description and prioritization of the identified measures
Qualifications Framework, requiredfortheimplementationoftransparencytools
National Qualifications
Framework, European Credit
system for Vocational Education
and Training, European Quality
AssuranceinVocationalEducation
andTraining);
to improve the labour market adescriptionoftheintegratedmeasuresforeseeninorderto
relevance of education and ensure the coordination between different strategies and

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Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
training and to adapt it to the policiesinthefieldofemployment,educationandvocational
needs of identified target groups training
(for example young people in an analysis of the statistical data regarding the measures
vocational training, adults, foreseen to support the monitoring learning outcomes in
parents returning to the labour termsofemploymentandtransitionofthegraduatestothe
market, lowskilled and older labourmarket,includingadatacollectionsystem.
workers, migrants and other
disadvantaged groups, in
particular people with
disabilities).
10.4.Theexistenceofanational A national or regional strategic Will be developed within the framework of National Strategy of May2014 MinistryofNationalEducation
or regional strategic policy policy framework is in place for LifelongLearning
framework for increasing the increasing the quality and efficiency
quality and efficiency of VET of VET systems within the limits of
systems within the limits of Article 165 TFEU which includes
Article165TFEU. measuresforthefollowing:

to improve the labour market

relevance of VET systems in close
cooperation with relevant
stakeholders including through
mechanisms for skills anticipation,
adaptation of curricula and the
strengthening of work based
learning provision in its different
forms;
to increase the quality and
attractiveness of VET including
through establishing a national
approach for quality assurance for
VET (for example in line with the,
European Quality Assurance
ReferenceFrameworkforVocational
Education and Training) and

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Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
implementing the transparency and
recognition tools, for example
European Credit system for
Vocational Education and Training.
(ECVET)
11. The existence of a strategic A strategic policy framework for Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration in
policy framework for reinforcing reinforcing a Member State's public cooperationwiththePrimeMinistersChancellerywillellaborate
the MS's administrative authorities'administrativeefficiency theStrategyforthestrengtheningofpublicadministration2014 Ministry for Regional Development and
efficiency including public and their skills with the following 2020,accordingtothefollowingsteps: PublicAdministration
administrationreform elements are in place and in the ElaborationoftheintermediarydraftoftheStrategy,basedon March2014
processofbeingimplemented: ananalysisofthestructuralcauses(CPM,MRDPA,NACS)
an analysis and strategic planning Collaborationandconsultationwiththemainfactorsconcerned March2014
of legal, organisational and/or and institutions responsible(MPF, MJ, MIS, the associative
proceduralreformactions; structures) PrimeMinistersChancellery
PresentationofthedraftStrategyintheThematicConsultative April2014
CommitteeonAdministrationandGoodGovernance(TCCAGG)
and Interinstitutional Committee for the Partnership
Agreement(ICPA)
ApprovaloftheStrategythroughGovernmentDecision May2014
IntheelaborationprocessoftheStrategyforthestrengtheningof
public administration 20142020, which respond to the exante
conditionalities for the public administration, Romanian
authorities (Ministry of Regional Development and Public
Administration and PrimeMinister Chancellery) achieved the
followingsteps:
Based on the recommendation of the European Commission,
formulated within the first thematic meetings of the informal
dialogue for preparing the Partnership Agreement and the
Operational Programmes in Romania (Brussels, 19 to 21 March
2013),inMay2013,aworkinggroupwascreatedtoanalyzethe
structural causes that led to a weak capacity of the Romanian
publicadministrationandtoformulateasetofrecommendations
forthestrategicdirectionsoftheStrategyforthestrengtheningof
publicadministration20142020.

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conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
In November 2013 the PrimeMinisters Chancellery has
completed the document on analyzing structural causes that led
to the existence of a weak administrative capacity in Romania.
The document was presented to the Prime Minister and was
approved on 19.12.2013. The approval note of the document
mentions that the analysis of the structural causes will be
underpinningtheelaborationofStrategyforthestrengtheningof
publicadministration20142020
Currently,atthetechnicallevel,theStrategyisbeingelaborated
and the first draft will be ready for consultation at the begining
April2014.
the development of quality Thefulfilmentofthecriterionwillbeachievedthroughofsome
PrimeMinister`sChancellery
managementsystems; measuresincludedintheStrategy,respectively:
The analysis of the implementation of quality management November2014
Ministry for Regional Development and
systemsinthepublicadministrationanddevelopmentneedsin
PublicAdministration
thefield
Elaboration of an action plan for the development and March2015
The National Committee for Public
sustainableuseofqualitymanagementsystems AdministrationReform
June2015
integrated actions for simplification The fulfilment of the criterion for business will be achieved PrimeMinistersChancellery
andrationalisationofadministrative throughtheimplementationoftheSmartRegulationStrategyfor
procedures; 20142020, currently under elaboration. The Strategy will be
finalizedinJune2014.
The fulfilment of the criterion will be achieved through of some Ministry for Regional Development and
measuresincludedinStrategy,respectively: PublicAdministration
Analysis of the needs and goals in terms of simplification and
rationalisationofadministrativeproceduresforcitizens
Elaboration an integrated action plan for simplification and
rationalisationofadministrativeproceduresforcitizens
Thedevelopmentofamonitoringmechansimofadministrative The National Committee for Public
burden and periodic revision and completion of integrated AdministrationReform
actionplan

the development and Elaborationofthedraftstrategytodeveloppublicfunctionforthe 60 days from Ministry for Regional Development and
implementationofhumanresources period 20142020 in a coherent framework with the date of PublicAdministration

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conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
strategies and policies covering the objectives/priorities of the strategy for strengthening of public adoption the
maingapsidentifiedinthisfield; administration20142020 strategy for the PrimeMinistersChancellery
strengthening
of public NationalAgencyofCivilServants
administration
20142020
the development of skills at all Elaborationthedraftstrategyonvocationaltraining20142020 90 days from Ministry for Regional Development and
levels of the professional hierarchy the date of PublicAdministration
withinpublicauthorities The action plan for implementation will be provided in strategy adoption the
forthestrengtheningofpublicadministration20142020 strategy for the PrimeMinistersChancellery
strengthening
of public NationalAgencyofCivilServants
administration
20142020 The National Committee for Public
AdministrationReform
thedevelopmentofproceduresand The fulfilment of the criterion will be achieved through the May2014 MinistryforRegionalDevelopmentand
toolsformonitoringandevaluation. strategyforthestrengtheningofpublicadministration20142020. PublicAdministration
We will consider including the establishment of a National PrimeMinistersChancellery
CommitteeforPublicAdministrationReform,responsibleforthe
implementation and monitoring of the Strategy, in the
coordination of the PrimeMinister, consisting of high level
representatives from the PrimeMinisters Chancellery, Ministry
ofPublicFinances,MinistryforRegionalDevelopmentandPublic
Administration, other lineministries directly involved in the
implementationoftheStrategy.
GENERALEXANTECONDITIONALITIES
1. Antidiscrimination Arrangements in accordance with A Working Group formed by the the National Council for April2014 National Council for Combating
the institutional and legal Combating Discrimination (CNCD) and the Ministry of Labour, Discrimination
The existence of administrative
frameworkofMemberStatesforthe Family, Social Protection and Elderly (through the Equal
capacity for the implementation
involvement of bodies responsible Opportunities and Employment Directorate and the
and application of Union anti
for the promotion of equal DirectoratefortheProtectionofPersonswithDisabilities),will
discrimination law and policy in
treatmentofallpersonsthroughout besetup,underthecoordinationofCNCD
thefieldofESIFunds
thepreparationandimplementation AFrameworkDocumentwillbeelaboratedtoconsultwithand
of programmes, including the involvebodiesinchargeofantidiscrimination May2014

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 Applicablegeneral
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conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
2. Gender The existence of
administrative capacity for the
implementation and application
ofUniongenderequalitylawand
policyinthefieldofESIFunds
3. Disability The existence of
administrative capacity for the
implementation and application
of the United Nations
Bodies
Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
fulfilled (date) for
fulfillment
provisionofadviceonequalityinESI The documentwill indicate the steps taken to facilitate active
fundrelatedactivities; involvementofthenationalequalitybody May2014
Arrangements for training for staff A plan for training will be elaborated, its first component will April2014 National Council for Combating
of the authorities involved in the dealwithUnionantidiscriminationlawandpolicy Discrimination
management and control of the ESI The plan will cover all staff involved in the implementation of April2014
Funds in the fields of Union anti the ESI Funds (managing authorities, intermediate bodies,
discriminationlawandpolicy. certifying authorities and audit authorities) at all relevant
levels.
The training programme on Union antidiscrimination law and 2015
policywilltakeplaceduringtheperiod20142015.
Arrangements in accordance with AFrameworkDocumentwillbeelaboratedtoconsultwithand May2014 National Council for Combating
the institutional and legal involvebodiesinchargeofthepromotionofgenderequality. Discrimination
frameworkofMemberStatesforthe The document will indicate steps taken to facilitate active Equal Opportunities and Employment
involvement of bodies responsible involvementofthenationalequalitybody. Directorate (Ministry of Labour, Family,
for gender equality throughout the SocialProtectionandElderly)
preparation and implementation of
programmes,includingtheprovision
of advice on gender equality in ESI
Fundrelatedactivities;
Arrangements for training for staff A plan for training will be elaborated. Its second component April2014 National Council for Combating
of the authorities involved in the will deal with Union gender equality law and policy as well as Discrimination
management and control of the ESI ongendermainstreaming.
Funds in the fields of Union gender The plan will cover all staff involved in the implementation of April2014
equalitylawandpolicyaswellason the ESI Funds (managing authorities, intermediate bodies,
gendermainstreaming. certifying authorities and audit authorities) at all relevant
levels.
The training programme on Union gender equality law and 2015
policy as well as on gender mainstreaming will take place
duringtheperiod20142015.
Arrangements in accordance with AFrameworkDocumentwillbeelaboratedtoconsultwithand May2014 National Council for Combating
the institutional and legal involvebodiesinchargeofprotectionofrightsofpersonswith Discrimination
frameworkofMemberStatesforthe disabilities, such as independent monitoring mechanisms DirectoratefortheProtectionofPersons
consultation and involvement of established under Art. 33(2) of the UN CRPD or relevant civil withDisabilities
290
 Applicablegeneral
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conditionalitiesfor
whichnational
bodiesare
responsible
Convention on the rights of
persons with disabilities
(UNCRPD) in the field of ESI
FundsinaccordancewithCouncil
Decision2010/48/EC
5. State aid The existence of
arrangements for the effective
application of Union State aid
Bodies
Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
fulfilled (date) for
fulfillment
bodies in charge of protection of society representatives, in particular representative (Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
rights of persons with disabilities or organisations of persons with disabilities, in the ESI Funds ProtectionandElderly)
representative organisations of cycle;
persons with disabilities and other Thedocumentwillidentifytheactorstobeinvolvedandtheir
relevant stakeholders throughout role;
thepreparationandimplementation The documentwill indicate the steps taken to facilitate active
ofprogrammes; involvement of these actors and participation, including in
termsofaccessibilitymeasures.
Arrangements for training for staff A plan for training will be elaborated. Its final component will 2015 National Council for Combating
of the authorities involved in the deal with accessibility, equality and nondiscrimination of Discrimination
management and control of the ESI personswithdisabilities;
Funds in the fields of applicable The plan will cover all staff involved in the implementation of
Unionandnationaldisabilitylawand the ESI Funds (managing authorities, intermediate bodies,
policy,includingaccessibilityandthe certifying authorities and audit authorities) at all relevant
practical application of the UNCRPD levels.
as reflected in Union and national The training programme on accessibility, equality and non
legislation,asappropriate; discriminationofpersonswithdisabilitieswilltakeplaceduring
theperiod20142015.
Arrangements to ensure monitoring Monitoringmechanismswillbecreatedtoensurenotification 20142015 DirectoratefortheProtectionofPersons
oftheimplementationofArticle9of andresolutionofproblemsaswellas,redressandenforcement withDisabilities
the UNCRPD in relation to the ESI mechanisms in relation to accessibility for persons with (Ministry of Labour, Family, Social
Funds throughout the preparation disabilitiesininterventionscofundedbyESIFunds; ProtectionandElderly)
and the implementation of the In the area of the planned interventions, where appropriate,
programmes. these arrangements will address accessibility of the built
environment, transport, information and communication,
including new technologies, as well as services open or
providedtothepublic.
Monitoringarrangementswillincludecleartechnicalguidance
documents which refer to applicable Union andnational rules
and standards, in order to ensure consistent and objective
assessmentofaccessibility.
Arrangements for the effective Competition Council has started the necessary procedures in November2014 TheCompetitionCouncil
applicationofUnionStateaidrules; order to implement a new kind of database, where the State
aidswillberecordedatthemomentwhentheyareeffectively
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 Applicablegeneral
exante Bodies
conditionalitiesfor Criterianot Deadline responsible
Actiontobetaken
whichnational fulfilled (date) for
bodiesare fulfillment
responsible
rulesinthefieldoftheESIFunds. granted.SuchdatabasewillallowtheCompetitionCounciland
all the grantors to verify exante the eligibility of any
beneficiary for granting State aids/de minimis aids, including
theobservanceofthecumulationrulesoroftheDeggendorf
obligation.
Arrangements for training and TheCompetitionCouncilshallcolaboratetothePublicServant Permanent The Competition Council and the Public
dissemination of information for Agency in implementing a project funded through OPTA in January to June ServantAgency
staffinvolvedintheimplementation order to prepare the State aid training programme for the 2014 will be
oftheESIfunds; expertsimplementingstructuralfundsinRomania. implemented
Thetrainingactivitieswithinthisprojectwilleffectivelystartin thefirstproject.
January2014andwilllastfor6months.Additionalprojectsare In perioad
expected to be implemented after the conclusion of this 20152020
project. additional
projects are
expected to be
implemented
taking into
consideration
the conclusions
of the first
project.

6. Environmental legislation Arrangements for training and Appropriate training for all staff involved in the First phase Ministry of Environment and Climate
relatingtoEnvironmentalImpact dissemination of information for implementationofEIAandSEADirectivesatallrelevantlevels 20142016 Changes
Assessment (EIA) and, Strategic staffinvolvedintheimplementation has been planned. For 20142020 the training for competent Second phase
EnvironmentalAssessment(SEA) ofEIAandSEADirectives andinvolvedauthoritieswillbedevelopedbasedonastrategy 20172020
andtrainingplandevelopedthroughassistancefromJASPERS.
This training strategy containing quantitative indications
(number of sessions, curricula, estimative number of
participantsetc.)
(iii)Additionalinformationrelevanttotheassessmentofthefulfillmentofapplicableexanteconditionalitiesandtheactionstobetakentofulfillthem.

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PositionoftheCommissionServicesonthedevelopmentofPartnershipAgreementandprogrammesinRomaniafortheperiod20142020revealssomeadditionalexanteconditionalities
consideredcriticalforthesuccessfulimplementationofthefundingpriorities.TheRomanianauthoritiesacquiredactionsinordertofulfillthepreconditionsforsuccessfulspendingineach
oftheseareasbeforethestartofthenextprogrammingperiod.Thesituationispresentedinthenexttable.

293