Microwaves and Radar M

SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
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Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010

Microwave Communication
a. List the advantages and disadvantages of planar transmission line. (06 Marks)
b. The primary constants for coaxial cable at 1 GHz, are L = 250 nH/m, C = 95 pFlm, R = 0.06
ohm/m, and G = 0, determine:
i) Attenuation coefficient a
ii) The phase constant ~
iii) The phase velocity up
iv) Relative permittivity r. (08 Marks)
c. Explain tuning screw and sliding screw used in microwave narrowband matching. (06 Marks)
a. Explain how H-plane and E-plane waveguide impedance transformers are designed.
(06 Marks)
b. Using S parameters properties prove that [S]t = [S] for a symmetrical junction. (10 Marks)
c. A waveguide termination having VSWR of 1.1 is used to dissipate 100 watts of power. Find
the reflected power. (04 Marks)
a. With help of figure, explain the following microwave passive devices

i) Waveguide isolator
ii) Waveguide tees. (08 Marks)
b. A 20 mW signal is fed into one of collinear port 1 of a lossless H-plane T junction. Calculate
the power delivered through each port when other ports are terminated in matched load.
(06 Marks)
c. With neat sketches realize microwave low pass filter using
i) Co-axial 7t and T section
ii) Microstrip 7t and T section.
a. With a neat sketch and applegate diagram, explain the mechanism of operation of two cavity
Klystron amplifiers. (10 Marks)
b. A Travelling Wave Tube (TWT) operates under the following specifications
Beam voltage: Vo = 3 kV, beam current: 10 = 30 mA, characteristic impedance of helix:
Zo = 10 ohm, circuit length: N = 50, frequency: f = 10 GHz. Determine:
i) Gain parameter C
ii) The output power gain Ap in decibels. (06 Marks)
c. Explain how mode jumping is prevented in magnetron oscillator. (04 Marks)
a. With a neat schematic diagram, explain how PIN diode acts as a single switch. (06 Marks)
b. Defme conversion loss and output noise ratio with respect to harmonic crystal mixer.
(04 Marks)
c. Explain V-I characteristics of tunnel diode. (06 Marks)
d. A si microwave transistor has a reactance 1 ohm, transit time cut off frequency 4 GHz,
maximum E - field 1.6 x 105 V1m and saturation drift velocity 4 x 105 cm/s, determine
maximum allowable power. (04 Marks)
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6 a. A microwave radio link at 4.9 GHz uses transmit and receive antennas with gains of 30 dB.
If the distance between transmitter and receiver is 27 lan, and it is desired to have a
minimum received power level of - 60 dBm, what is the required transmitter power?
(06 Marks)
b. Explain with neat block diagram microwave FDM transmitter and FDM receiver. (08 Marks)
c. Explain with a neat sketch the mechanism of operation of microwave oven. (06 Marks)
a. Explain wavemeter method of microwave frequency measurement. (06 Marks)

b. With neat block diagram, explain the working of spectrum analyzer. (08 Marks)
c. Explain biological effects and safety for human exposure to microwave radiation. (06 Marks)
a. Explain with necessary figures how 1800 phase shift between external current and ac
microwave voltage provides a negative resistance for sustained oscillation in IMP ATT
diode. (10 Marks)
b. A reflex klystron is operated at 9 GHz with dc beam voltage 600 V for 1~ mode, repeller
4
space length 1 mm, dc beam current 10 mA. The beam coupling coefficient is assumed
to be 1. Calculate:
i) The repeller voltage
ii) Electronic efficiency
iii) Output power. (06 Marks)
c. List the applications of radiometry. (04 Marks)

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010

Microwaves and Radar
Note: Answer any FIVEfull questions, selecting

at least TWO questions from each part.
1 a. Derive an expression for reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient in the

transmission line. (08 Marks).
b. What are the applications of Smith chart? Explain briefly. (06 Marks)
c. A transmission line having a length of 25 KM is terminated in its characteristic impedance.
At a specified frequency, the voltage at a distance of 1 KM from the line is 10% below that
of the sending end voltage. Compute the value of the load-end voltage, if the sending end
voltage is 40 V. (06 Marks)
2 a. With a schematic diagram, explain the directional coupler. Derive an expression and give
scattering matrix representation of the directional coupler. (08 Marks)
b. With a neat diagram, explain the operation of ferrite rotation isolator. (06 Marks)
c. A rectangular - waveguide cavity filled with a dielectric of constant Er = 4 has a breadth of
4 cm and height of 2 cm. Find the length of the cavity to procedure resonance at 4 GHz.
Assume TElal mode. (06 Marks)
3 a. Explain the principles of operation of the Gunn diode with formation of Gunn domain. And
also briefly, explain the modes of operation of the Gunn diode with Gunn-oscillation modes.
(08 Marks)
b. Explain the operation of the' Schottky - barrier diode with its structure. Also explain the
fabrication technique with sputtering of aluminium on silicon wafers. Draw the
characteristics of Schotty - barrier diode and write its symbol. (06 Marks)
c. An Impatt diode operates at 150 V delivering lA of current at 8% efficiency. Calculate the
output power and duty cycle, if the device is operated in pulsed mode at 20 GHz with a
pulse width of 0.5 ps. (06 Marks)
4 a. What are the different properties of Scattering parameters? Explain briefly. (08 Marks)
b. With necessary conditions write the Scattering matrix representation of multiport network
generally. (07 Marks)
c. Express S - parameters in terms of impedance when two transmission lines are joined with
characteristic impedances Zl and Z2. (05 Marks)
5 a. Explain the salient features of co-axial connectors and adaptors, with diagrams. (06 Marks)
b. Explain the characteristics of magic tee passive device, with a schematic diagram. Also
obtain the S matrix representation of the magic-tee. (08 Marks)
c. With neat diagram of a microwave attenuator, explain the operation of the same. (06 Marks)
10f2

6 a. Explain the operation of microstriplines with its structure and Quasi TEM mode field
distribution. (07 Marks)
b. With neat diagram, explain the operation of parallel strip line. And also write the
expressions for distributed parameters of parallel strip line, characteristic impedance and
attenuation of the same. (07 Marks)
c. A certain shielded stripline has W = 63.5 mID, t = 35 mm and d = 180 mID. It has a
permittivity of 2.56. Compute its characteristic impedance, K factor and fringe capacitance.
(06 Marks)
7 a. Derive an expression for the basic form of radar - range equation and hence explain the
factors influencing the maximum range of radar. (08 Marks)
b. Calculate the maximum range of radar which operates at a frequency of 10 GHz)peak pulse
power of 600 kW, if the antenna effective area is 5m2 and the area of target is 20 m2.
Minimum receivable power is 10-13 watt. (06 Marks)
c. What are the applications of radar? Explain each application briefly. (06 Marks)
8 a. With block diagram approach, explain the operation of the moving - target indicator (MSI)
radar. (07 Marks)
b. Explain the basic principles of continuous - wave Doppler radar with block-diagram
approach. Also mention the advantages and disadvantages of CW Doppler radar. What are
the applications of CW Doppler radar? (07 Marks)
c. A moving target indicator radar uses a PRF (pulse repitation frequency) of 1000 Hz at
4 GHz. Compute the lowest blind speed of the radar. Also calculate the second and third
lowest blind speeds of the radar. (06 Marks)





















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SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010

a. With help of figure, explain the following microwave passive devices

a. Explain wavemeter method of microwave frequency measurement. (06 Marks)

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Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010

Note: Answer any FIVEfull questions, selecting

1 a. Derive an expression for reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient in the

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