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Prelab - Prepare the purpose, brief procedural outline, and data and results tables in your laboratory
notebook BEFORE you attend your lab class. Include the information from Table I, the reagents and
drops added for Runs 1-5, in your procedure section.
Introduction - In this experiment, you will determine the rate law for a reaction and the effect of
concentration on the rate of the reaction by studying the initial reaction rate at several different reactant
concentrations. You will also examine the effect of a catalyst on the reaction rate. Lastly, you will
investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of this reaction, which will allow you to calculate the
activation energy.
Since k is constant at a given temperature and [B]y is constant for Experiments 1 and 2, the equation
simplifies to
x
1.80 M/s [0.030]
or 1.50 = 1.5x
1.20 M/s [0.020]
Thus, x = 1 for this example.
Unfortunately, experimental results are not usually that "clean", and a more sophisticated method is
needed to find x. Mathematically, solving for exponents requires the use of logarithms. Taking the log of
both sides of the equation above:
log1.50 x log1.5
Rearranging this equation to solve for x yields
log1.50
x= =1
log1.5
Experiments 2 and 3 may then be used to find the order for B, as shown below
11.25 M/s k[0.030] x [0.25] y
1.80 M/s k[0.030] x [0.10] y
By cancelling out the common terms and dividing the rate and concentration values, we obtain
6.25 = 2.5y
Taking the log of both sides and rearranging to solve for y gives
log6.25
y= =2
log2.5
Procedure
Effect of Concentration Runs 1-5
Work in groups of 3. You will carry out five runs three times each to give a good average time per run.
To keep the ionic strength and volume of all runs relatively constant, the non-reactive compounds
KNO3 and (NH4)2SO4 are added to replace the reactants KI and (NH4)2S2O8 when less than 20 drops of
either reactant is used.
Waste handling: Keep a large beaker at your bench to collect the clock reaction waste. When you
have completed all trials, pour the contents of this beaker into the waste container in the fume hood.
Table I gives the composition in drops of the reaction mixtures that will be used to determine the order
of reaction with respect to the iodide and persulfate ions.
Table I. Compostion of the Reaction Mixtures
Run 0.2% 0.012 M 0.20 M 0.20 M 0.20 M 0.20 M
No. starch Na2S2O3 KI KNO3 (NH4)2S2O8 (NH4) 2SO4
1 3 5 20 0 10 10
2 3 5 10 10 10 10
3 3 5 5 15 10 10
4 3 5 10 10 20 0
5 3 5 10 10 5 15
10 mL Beaker Test Tube
Use the dropper bottles containing starch, Na2S2O3, KI and KNO3 to add the appropriate number of
drops for Run 1 into one of the 10 mL beakers. Repeat this process with the other 10 mL beakers to
prepare the other two trials for Run 1.
Note: Make sure you use solutions from the same set of dropper bottles and hold the bottles at the
same angle to obtain drops of consistent size!
CLEAN-UP: Dispose of the waste in the waste container in the fume hood. Clean up your glassware
and return your equipment to the proper location. The 10 mL beakers, timer, stir bar, digital
thermometer and reagents must be placed in the plastic container and returned to the equipment cart.
Other glassware must be placed in your equipment drawers. Make sure to return the equipment to the
same drawer from which you took it!
How to calculate the rate of reaction:
Using the dilution formula, calculate the concentration of S2O32- in each mixture. According to the
stoichiometry of the clock reaction in Equation 4, the number of moles of I2 is one-half the the number
of moles of S2O32-. What will be the concentration of I2 ([I2]) when the blue color appears? You will
use this number as [I2] in all of your rate calculations. Show this calculation in your lab report!!!
Formal Lab Report Use third person, past tense for reports!
1. Title, date, name, partners can be a heading, doesnt have to be a separate page.
2. Purpose in complete sentences (not copied).
3. Data measured in lab.
4. Calculations: label each calculation, show the equation used, show the values you use in your
sample calculation, and show the final answer as reported in your results.
a. Show how you calculated the following (with units) for run 1: rate of reaction (show dilution
and rate calculation), diluted concentrations of I- and S2O82-, orders of I- and S2O82-, k , and the
average k for runs 1 5.
5. Results: Include Results Table I and II, the rate law you determined, the average k for the room
temperature runs, the Arrhenius plot showing the equation of the line, and the value of Ea in kJ/mol.
Write your final rate law (i.e., including the average k (value and units) and order of each reactant)
there should be values for x, y, and k in your rate law.
6. Questions 1 4; type the question and answer in complete sentences.
7. Conclusion: Summarize and discuss your results from this experiment in several sentences (good
length paragraph(s)). Also discuss at least 3 sources of error in your experiment. Restate the
purposes and what results were obtained.
8. Prelab initial page from each lab partner.
GCC CHM 152LL: Kinetics of an Iodine Clock Reaction page 6 of 6