PREPARED BY: SITI SARAH BINTI MASRUN

HWU ID: H00204573

COURSE: RESERVOIR ENGINEERING B - G19RB
SUBMISSION DATE: 14 MARCH 2017

ASSIGNMENT 1

In general terms of the material balance equation (MBE), exists a relationship

between three variables, (1.) Expansion, (2.) Withdrawal, and (3.) Influx, which can be
written as:

ExpansionWithdrawal+ Influx =0

The system expansion consists of total expansion of different components which are oil and
associated gas, gas cap gas, connate water, and volume of pores. This can be simplified into

an equation: System Expansion=

( oil+ associated gas ) + ( gas cap gas ) + ( connate water )( pore volume )

For expansion of oil and its associated gas (dissolved gas in oil), the equation of oil

expansion can be written as ( N B ON B O ) and the associated gas as ( N RSiN RS ) B g

and hence, the total expansion for the first component of the system expansion is

( N B ON B O ) + [ ( N R SiN R S ) B g ]=[ rm3 ] . For the second component, the gas cap gas

mN BOi
expansion at its original volume the equation given is mN BOi= . When at the
B gi

mN BOi
average reservoir pressure, the expansion becomes . B g . Hence, the total expansion
Bgi

mN BOi mN BOi Bg
for this component is mN BOi=
B gi

B gi
B g=mN BOi
Bgi
1 ( ) . Since water is

located everywhere in the reservoir, the connate water saturation must be taken into account.

HCPV S wc
Therefore, the equation given ( 1Swc ) . HCPV is the hydrocarbon pore volume and
PREPARED BY: SITI SARAH BINTI MASRUN
HWU ID: H00204573
COURSE: RESERVOIR ENGINEERING B - G19RB
SUBMISSION DATE: 14 MARCH 2017

can be derived as ( 1+m ) N BOi when at initial reservoir pressure. Water is hard to

compress resulting in a high value of compressibility which is needed to be taken into

( 1+m ) N BOi S WC c w +c f
account. Hence, the expansion for connate water is P .
( 1Swc )

Next, the withdrawal variable can be obtained from the summation of oil, associated

B
gas and free gas, and water. This can be derived into [ O+( R PR S) B g ] .
NP

Lastly, the influx is defined as the summation of injected gas into the reservoir,
encroached water, and injected water into the reservoir minus the water produced from the

reservoir and can be derived into Gi B g+[(W e W i W P) B w ] .

Thus, the general equation of the MB can be written as:

N P [ BO + ( R P R S ) B g ]=

B
( OBOi )+(RSi R S ) Bg B ( m+1 ) SWC c w + c f
BOi
+m g 1 +
Bgi ( )
(1S WC )
P

NB Oi

This equation can be related to specific cases such as undersaturated and saturated
reservoirs. For an undersaturated reservoir assuming no water or gas is injected into the well,
having conditions of that if it is above the bubble point pressure with a constant GOR (i.e.

Rsi =R S=R P ) and no gas cap presence the equation is reduced to

PREPARED BY: SITI SARAH BINTI MASRUN
HWU ID: H00204573
COURSE: RESERVOIR ENGINEERING B - G19RB
SUBMISSION DATE: 14 MARCH 2017

B
( OBOi ) ( m+1 ) S WC c w +c f
+ P
BOi (1SWC )

N P [ BO ] =NB Oi

Another case is when the average reservoir pressure is below the bubble point
pressure hence, a solution gas drive, the gas is liberated from the oil as pressure decreases.
Assuming that no gas cap presence and no water injected hence, the equation

B
( OBOi )+(R SiR S ) Bg
BOi

N P [ BO + ( R P R S ) B g ]=NB Oi

In a saturated reservoir where gas cap is presence (gas is compressible hence, having a very
small value of compressibility which can be ignored), the equation can be defined as

B
( OBOi )+(RSi R S ) Bg B
BOi (
+m g 1
Bgi )

N P [ BO + ( RP RS ) Bg ]=NB Oi