Quis

1. Jelaskan perbedaan ligan, atom pusat, muatan

ion kompleks dan bilangan koordinasi.
2. Jelaskan perbedaan jenis-jenis ligan dan
berikan contohnya (min.2)
3. Logam transisi dengan simbol M, membentuk
ion kompleks dengan rumus [M(CN)6]4-. Logam
yang sama dalam tingkat oksidasi yang sama
membentuk ion kompleks dengan rumus
[M(NH3)4]x. Berapakah nilai x?
Nomenclature of
Inorganic Compounds
Kostiawan Sukamto, S.Pd., MT
Department Of Chemistry
Gorontalo State University, Indonesia
2017
Introduction
According to the Lewis base theory, ligands are
Lewis bases since they can donate electrons to
the central metal atom.
The metals, in turn, are Lewis acids since they
accept electrons.
Coordination complexes consist of a ligand and
a metal center cation.
The overall charge can be positive, negative,
or neutral
Introduction
Coordination compounds are complex or contain
complex ions, for example:

Complex Cation: [CO(NH3)6]3+

Complex Anion: [CoCl4(NH3)2]
Neutral Complex: [CoCl3(NH3)3]
Coordination Compound: K4[Fe(CN)6]
Naming Coordination Complexes
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

The rules for naming ionic coordination compounds are

as follows:

If the compound is a salt, the cation is named before

the anion with space between them.
Within a complex ion, the ligands are named first, in
alphabetical order, and the metal ion is named last.
Rule 1: Anionic Ligands
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

The rules for naming ionic coordination compounds

are as follows:

The names of anionic ligands end with the suffix -o

-ide suffix changed to -o

-ite suffix changed to -ito

-ate suffix changed to -ato
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

Ligand Name
bromide, Br- bromo
chloride, Cl- chloro
cyanide, CN- cyano
hydroxide, OH- hydroxo
oxide, O2- oxo
fluoride, F- fluoro
Nomenclature: IUPAC Rules

Ligand Name
carbonate, CO32- carbonato
oxalate, C2O42- oxalato
sulfate, SO42- sulfato
thiocyanate, SCN- thiocyanato
thiosulfate, S2O32- thiosulfato
Sulfite, SO32- sulfito
Rule 2: Neutral Ligands
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

Neutral ligands are referred to by the usual name

for the molecule.
Neutral Ligands Names
MeCN asetonitril
phen 1,10-fenatrolina
2,2-bipy 2,2-bipiridina
dipic dipikolinat
PPh3 trifenilfosfina
AsPh3 trifenilfosfina
PCy3 trisikloheksilfosfina
en etilenadiamina
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

Neutral ligands are referred to by the usual name

for the molecule.

NO2 Nitrile
H2S Sulfan
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

To name a neutral complex molecule, follow the

rules of naming a complex cation.

Remember: Name the (possibly complex)

cation BEFORE the (possibly complex)
anion.
Rule 3: Ligand Multiplicity
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number
of each type of ligand when more than one is
present in the complex.
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

If the ligand name already contains a Greek

prefix, use alternate prefixes:
bis-,
2; tris-, 3; tetrakis-,4; pentakis-, 5;
hexakis-, 6
Rule 4: The Metals
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
The rules for naming ionic coordination compounds are as
follows:
After naming the ligands, name the central metal.
If the complex ion is a cation, the metal is named same
as the element. For example, Co in a complex cation is
called cobalt and Pt is called platinum.
If the complex ion is an anion, the name of the metal
ends with the suffix -ate.
Following the name of the metal, the oxidation state of
the metal in the complex is given as a Roman numeral in
parentheses.
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

Transition Name if in Cationic Name if in Anionic Complex

Metal Complex
Sc Scandium Scandate
Ti titanium titanate
V vanadium vanadate
Cr chromium chromate
Mn manganese manganate
Fe iron ferrate
Co cobalt cobaltate
Ni nickel nickelate
Cu Copper cuprate
Zn Zinc zincate
Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

For historic reasons, some coordination

compounds are called by their common names.

For example,
Fe(CN) 3- = Ferricyanide
6

Fe(CN)64- = Ferrocyanide
Fe(CO)5 = Iron carbonyl.
Complex Molecular Compounds

[AgCl(PPh3)3]
[AgCl(Pcy3)2]
[AgSCN(SbPh3)3]
[AgNCS(SbPh3)3]
[BaI2(py)6]
[Co(NH3)3(NO2)3]
[Ni(CO)4]
[Fe(CO)2(NO)2]
Ionic Complexes
[Cu(NH3)4]2+
K3[Fe(CN)6]
[Ru((NH3)5(ONO)]+
[PdCl4]2-
[Co(2,2-bipy)3]3+
[MgBr4]2-
 Ionic Complexes
[Co(NH2)2(NH3)4]OC2H
[Cu(NH3)4] [PtCl4]
[Mg(MeCN)6] [MgBr4]
[Co(NH3)6] [Cr(CN)6]

Note: Roman Biloks(Stock number)/systematic nomenclature

Arab Biloks (Ewens-Bassett number)
Complex Compound Isomers
Complex Compound Isomers
Bridging Ligand

In coordination chemistry, a bridging ligand is a

ligand that connects two or more atoms, usually
metal ions

In naming a complex wherein a single atom

bridges two metals, the bridging ligand is
preceded by the Greek character 'mu', ,
List of Bridging Inorganic Ligands

Bridging Name
Ligand Virtually all ligands are
OH Hydroxide known to bridge, with
O2 Oxide the exception of amines
SH Hydrosulfido and ammonia.
NH Amido
N3 Nitride Common inorganic
CO Carbonyl bridging ligands include
Cl Chloride most of the common
H Hydride anions.
CN Cyanide
Bridging Ligand
Bridging Ligand
Bridging Ligand
Problems
Give the systematic names for the following
coordination compounds
[Cr(NH ) (H O) ]Cl (NH4)2[Ni(C2O4)2(H2O)2]
3 3 2 3 3

[Pt(NH ) Cl]Br
3 5 3
[Ag(NH3)2][Ag(CN)2]
[Pt(H NCH CH NH ) Cl ]Cl [CoBr(NH3)5]SO4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

[Co(en) ] (SO )
[Fe(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6]
3 2 4 3
[Co(SO4)(NH3)5]+
K [Fe(CN) ]
4 6
[Fe(OH)(H2O)5]2+
Na [NiCl ]
2 4 [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
Pt(NH ) Cl
3 2 4

Fe(CO)5
Problems
Can you give the molecular formulas of the
following coordination compounds ?
hexaammineiron(III) nitrate
ammonium tetrachlorocuprate(II)
sodium monochloropentacyanoferrate(III)
potassium hexafluorocobaltate(III)
Isomerism in Coordination Chemistry
Structural Isomerism
Linkage Isomerism
Linkage isomerism occurs with ambidentate
ligands that are capable of coordinating in more
than one way
The best known cases involve the monodentate
ligands: SCN- / NCS- and NO2- / ONO-
Linkage Isomerism
Ionization Isomerism
Symptoms only occur in ionization isomerization
compound Ionic complexes containing complex
cation and anion is not complex
Ionic complexes Ionic isomerization show
symptoms in case of exchanges between two
kinds of ions with the same or different charges
Ionization Isomerism

[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4
[Co(en)2(NO2)Cl]SCN
Coordination Isomerism
Coordination of isomerization occurs only on
complex compounds consisting of cation and
anion complex.
This isomerization occurs when ligands bound to
a central atom can be exchanged with the ligand
bound to the central atom in the other.
Coordination Isomerism

[Co(NH3)6] [Cr(CN)6]
[Cr(en)2(ox)][Cr(en)(ox)2]
Hydration Isomerism
The exchange between the neutral ligand with
anion ligand instead.
If the neutral ligand is water then the
isomerization occurs isomerization is a hydrate.

Example
[Cr(H2O)6]Cl3
Stereoisomerism
Geometric Isomerism
Planar Isomers
Geometric Isomerism
Planar Isomers
Geometric Isomerism
Octahedral Isomers
Geometric Isomerism
Octahedral Isomers
Geometric Isomerism
lat-diag (Organometallic Compounds)

cyclopentadienyl dibromodicarbonylrhenium
Geometric Isomerism
Conformational Isomerism
The complex compounds that have more than
one form or structure
Isomerization is often observed in complexes of
nickel (II)
Optical Isomerism
Optical Isomerism

NH3 NH3
H3N Cl Cl NH3
Pt Pt
O2N Cl Cl NO2
NO2 NO2

a a