Narration Visuals Sound

What if I told you

discrimination was
happening within one of
the most professional Throughout the
settings in the world documentary there will
be a serious mood setting
background noise.
Title Slide

Dramatic music
When you go into the
doctors office or the
Clip of doctor's office
emergency room there is
a universal understanding
that there will be an Background music. Not
accurate diagnosis. But too happy
sometimes that is not the
case.

Minorities are
experiencing
discrimination in health
care from all sorts of
angles.

Events such as the

Tuskegee Syphilis Study is
just one example of this Picture of the study
problem. A group of 399 Scary/sad music
African Americans who
had syphilis were a part
of this study. It was
meant to look into
untreated syphilis in the
body. The participants
were never told about the
what the study really was
about and were left
untreated for the syphilis.

Transition
Project Equaled, which
stands for Exploring the
Quality of African
American and
Latino/Latina Experiences
with Doctors, set up a
study approved by the
Oregon Health and
Science University Picture of Oregon Health
Institutional Review and Science University
Board.

Focus groups within an

African American
community were formed
to get a sense of peoples
experiences in health
care.

Through these focus Depict focus group

groups many more
information was
concluded

African Americans report

lower quality of care and
a lack of communication
between them and their
clinicians. They are less
likely to receive types of
treatment than Whites.
African American are
found to report
discrimination in health
care more than Whites.
The ones reporting the
discrimination are less
likely to receive health
screenings such as
mammograms, breast
exams, and diabetes
blood tests. This affects
the quality of care for
African Americans.

In another study,
conducted by the
University of
Virginia,researchers
looked at a factor for
bias. African Americans
tend to be undertreated
for pain compared to
Whites and it is seen that
undertreatment comes
from the bias that African
Americans feel less pain
than Whites. This study
looked at medical Picture of University of
students and their beliefs Virginia med
on true and false
biological differences
between African
Americans and Whites.
On average, the students
supported 11.55% of the
false differences. Of all
the differences given,
about 50% claimed one of
the misconceptions was
at least possibly true. The
medical students were
also given two medical
cases about an African
American patient and a
White patient and gave
pain ratings and the
recommended
medication. The study
shows that people who
supported more false
beliefs determined the
African American patient
feeling less pain than the Show graphs from article
White patient which also about the stats
led to an inaccurate
treatment
recommendation for the
African American patient.

These perceived
discriminations lead to
problems within the
community

Some people who are

minorities decide not to
go to clinicians because
of a lack of trust. This
mistrust can be based off
of past experiences or
from someone else

(This mistrust is a
significant problem
among minorities. If they
do not feel going to a
healthcare provider is the
best option for them it
can lead to serious health
problems.)

In addition to what people

would commonly call
discrimination, there is a
problem of using race in
genetic and medical
research.

In the past, race has been

used to categorize
common hereditary traits.
The use of race in human
genetic research is
problematic. There is a
difference between
ancestry and race.
Ancestry is from ones
relationship to others in a
genetic sense. Race is
pattern-based that have
led to the organization of
people by connecting one
person to a socially
constructed group. Race
is a social grouping that
changes and varies. In a
White House event in
June 2000, the map of the
human genome was Transition
revealed and President
Bill Clinton claimed, After
all, I believe one of the
great truths to emerge
from this triumphant
expedition inside the
human genome is that in
genetic terms, all human
beings, regardless of
race, are more than 99.9
Race vs Ancestry
percent the same. This
breakthrough shows that
there is no reason to
separate genetic studies
by race. A part of the
problem is that humans
do not fit the biological
guidelines that are
recognized.
Interbreeding makes
groups heterogeneous so
racial assumptions can
lead to misdiagnosis.

In an interview conducted
by Angus Chen from NPR,
Dorothy Roberts and Dr.
Sarah Tishkoff answered
questions about using White House presentation
race in medical research.
Roberts stated that using
race in medical decisions
leads researchers down
the wrong path and leads
to harmful results for
Show the quote
patients. Different
people have different
genes that work on drug
metabolism. It can be
seen that there could be
high gene frequency for a
racial population but it
becomes a problem when
it is assumed one person
has the genes for a drug
just based on race.

From information
gathered from Dorothy
Roberts, Professor of Law
and Sociology at
University of
Pennsylvania and an
acclaimed scholar of race,
gender and the law,
minorities such as African
Americans are treated
different than Whites. The
history of this problem
started with slavery and
with biases used to justify
slavery. Dr. Samuel
Cartwright, an University
of Pennsylvania alumni,
practiced in the South in
the antebellum period.
He was a proponent of
the idea that slavery was
actually beneficial for the
Blacks forced into work.
He claimed that the
Blacks need the labor
because of lung
deficiency. He stated that
red blood cells are sent to
the brain that liberates
them when in forced
labor. Cartwright even
created a medical device
called the spirometer to
show lung function in
Blacks. Doctors today
still use this device with
an adjustment for race.
This is a detrimental
problem because these
biases are in place and
opens up medical
decisions to be based on
race. In addition, doctors
are just as much a part of
society as the rest of us
so they are not immune
to believing and using
stereotypes. Doctors
have said they use race
as a shortcut. It is used
as a way to conclude
factors such as muscle
mass that they do not
have time for. This is
inaccurate with race
adding no information in
many cases. Sometimes
race overshadows the
research. Factors such as
the patients history and
illnesses are ignored in Shows pictures and clips
these cases. from her TED talk
More specifically there is
a heart disease drug
called BiDil that is
specifically for African
Americans. There are
some dangers for a drug
like BiDil. It treats African
Americans as genetically Show Cartwright
different than Whites.
The drug was tested just
on African Americans but
the drug cannot be used
on other races. Other
drugs have been tested
on majority Whites and
they can be universally
used. This implies that
the normal type is Whites
with African Americans
different and needs their
own drug.

Cartwright quote from his

journal

There now needs to be a

change in the way
biologists conduct
research and
investigation. Scientific
journals can be the start
to the solution.
Vocabulary is a significant
part of changing the spirometer
opinion of the public.
Using work such as
ancestry and
population to define
groupings and defining
the variables used in the
study can help readers
understand genetics and
race. Unfortunately,
attempts so far have only
been in small parts so it
did not have a lasting
effect on the solution.
Scientific journals
changing vocabulary and
clarifying variables would
then lessen confusing use
of race in genetics.

Discrimination in
healthcare is not just a
physical problem for
patients, it is also a dark
mark on America. With
the countrys history and
the media displaying acts
of racism and
discrimination this just
adds to that and needs to
be fixed especially in a
field as important as
healthcare. What if I told
you race was taken out of
genetic and medical
research? This would
open the door to more
possibilities of inclusive
conclusions in research.
Walls created by racism
starting from slavery not
from genetic differences
would be broken down.

Show BiDil
Scientific journals
Show me current events