GEDA

(GUJARAT ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY)

GEDA (Gujarat Energy Development Agency), one of the premier organizations and a
forerunner in India has been working in the field of renewable energy development and energy
conservation. GEDA is shouldering the responsibility of a state nodal agency (SNA) for the
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources (MoNRE) and the state designated agency
(SDA) for Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE).

GEDA has played a pioneering role in the development of a long-term renewable policy and
implementing of sustainable energy programs across the state. GEDAs challenge has been to
make the renewable energy and energy efficient technologies economically and commercially
viable. GEDA was catalytic in the formation of the Commission of Additional Sources of Energy
(CASE) in 1981, which later became the Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources
(DNES) in 1982 and a full-fledged Ministry- MNES (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy
Sources) in 90s, which is now the MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy). The model
was then replicated to establish similar state nodal agencies in other states through out the
country.

Gujarat: Pioneering Role:

In the minds of the people of Gujarat, GEDA and the Surya Cooker (Solar Cooker) are
synonymous. In fact, GEDA was commonly known as the Surya Cooker Office. This is because
the Surya Cooker was the first renewable energy-based consumer product to be offered to the
public in late 1979 to an enthusiastic reception. The Surya Cooker was a radically novel cooking
concept that revolutionized our understanding of energy by introducing a renewable energy
alternative - cooking without a fuel. Significantly, Surya Cookers were first developed in the
country at Agricultural Tools Research Centre (ATRC), Bardoli in Gujarat synonymously freeing
from the slavery of conventional fuels. The National Solar Cooker Promotion Program was
subsequently launched in 1982-83 by the central government in the rest of the country.

Gujarat: The Renewable Energy Potential:

In energy terms Gujarats hydel potential is limited and the thermal power plants are dependent
on coal hauled from 1500 km away. Gujarat is one of the forerunning industrial states in the
country planned capacities, and long-term goals reveal a realistic annual growth of 10.5% up to
2020 (see Fig. 1). The resultant installed capacity by 2020 is calculated at 34,861 MW annually
generating 198,500 MU of energy.
 In environmental terms Gujarat has an inadequate forest cover, serious problems of soil
erosion/degradation, water logging and expanding wastelands. It is plagued by water shortages
and sinking water tables, salinity and salt ingression.

On the other hand, Gujarat is rich in renewable energy resources 300 days of sunshine, Rann of
Kachchh where the land is endless and the suns heat relentless, good winds along its 1600 km
long shoreline, scope for energy plantation in its vast wastelands, waste to energy options that
harness bio, agro and industrialwaste. In this scenario, it is certainly in our economic self-
interest to employ renewable energy technologies.

Table 1 The Renewable Energy Potential

Objective of GEDA:

Sponsor, co-ordinate and promote research programs or projects for prototype

(demonstration projects) and pilot investigations in the area of new and renewable sources of
 energy. Provide technical and financial assistance for formulation of programs, designs and
projects meant for extension of renewable energy development in the state.
Undertake, on its own or in collaboration with other agencies, programs of research
and development, applications and extension as related to various new and renewable energy
sources.
Undertake or sponsor, techno-economic/socio-economic feasibility studies/cost-benefit
analysis.
Formulate and implement a broad-based program for conservation of energy at all
stages, including extraction, conversion, distribution and consumption in all sectors of the
economy.
Study the environmental effects of all energy-related processes.
Establish an Energy Resources Centre that will collect and collate energy and inter-
related information.
Develop and support Documentation Services in area of energy in general and
renewable energy in particular.
Develop Communication and Education projects for wide spread dissemination of
energy and environmental issues.
 Table 2 Application of Renewable Energy Sources

SOLAR ENERGY
Solar Cooker:
Solar Steam Cooking System
The Solar Steam Cooking systems developed for community cooking application provide an eco-
friendly solution to the increasing energy demand of the community kitchen/cooking. While
basic cooking arrangement remains unaltered with energy input energy come from the SUN and
so the need for a standby cooking facility does not arise. The solar steam cooking systems are
based on the solar energy concentration technology. A number of solar concentrators are
employed for forming a system for tapping solar energy for generating steam which can be
effectively used for large scale cooking in community kitchens. This cooking system besides
parabolic concentrators mainly comprises of central Sun tracking system, steam header pipe,
solar energy receivers, system piping for supply of water and steam, MS and Civil supporting
structures, Valves and pressure gauges, temperature gauges, cooking vessels etc. The system may
be supplied and installed as per the requirements of end user e.g. solar concentrators (5 pairs) of
each of 9.5 sq.mtr area would be required for 500 persons cooking system.

Figure 1 Solar Steam

Dish Type Solar Cooker (SK-14):

Dish solar cooker is used for faster outdoor cooking for about 10-15 persons with solar energy. A
dish cooker (SK -14 type Solar cooker) with a dish diameter of 1.4 meter is made of single
reflector or by joining smaller pieces of reflector, fixed to a rigid frame, when exposed to Sun in
the normal direction; a point focus would be formed for cooking food. It consists of bright
anodized aluminum sheets of 0.4 mm thick or 3 mm thick glass mirrors, bowl supporting frame,
bowl stand, and manual tracking mechanism..

Figure 2 dish type solar cooker (SK-14)

Community Solar Cooker (for indoor solar cooking):

The community solar cooker is consisting of solar concentrator with minimum 7.0 & 9.5 sq.m
aperture area, which is known as primary reflector. The shape of primary reflector is elliptical
dish shape. It is made up of multiple pieces of reflecting mirrors supported with a rigid frame/
structure to from Scheffler reflector. A mechanical clock type tracking arrangement is provided
to keep the dish facing the Sun. The dish is commonly known as Scheffler dish, which has been
found to be useful for generating heat to cook food for 50 to 75 persons in community kitchens
especially at religious places, hostels, ashramshalas, Govt. circuit houses and industrial canteens.
 Figure 3 community Solar Cooker

Box Type Solar Cooker:

This cooker works with the solar energy, which is available free. A solar cooker can cook two
meals per day for four to five persons. Solar Cooker suits very well for the food habits and meal
timings of rural households. Solar Cooker can be used for cooking several items like pulses, rice,
kheer, khichri, vegetables, cereals, etc.

Solar Water Heater System:

Salient Features:

A solar water heater consists of a collector to collect solar energy and an insulated storage tank to
store hot water. Based on the collector system, solar water heaters can be of two types:

Solar water heaters based on Flat plate Collectors (FPC based SWH):

Here the solar radiation is absorbed by flat plate collectors which consist of an insulated outer
metallic box covered on the top with glass sheet. Inside there are blackened metallic absorber
(selectively coated) sheets with built in channels or riser tubes to carry water. The absorber
absorbs the solar radiation and transfers the heat to the flowing water.
 Figure 4 FPC based SWH

Solar water heaters based on Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC based SWH):

Figure 5 ETC Based SWH

Application of Solar Water Heating System:

Solar Water Heating System can heat the water up to 80C.
Solar water heaters (SWHS) of 100-500 liters capacity are suited for domestic
application.
Larger systems (above 500 LPD) can be used in restaurants, canteens, guest houses,
hotels, hospitals, dairies, industry etc.
Solar Street Light:
This system is designed for outdoor application in un-electrified remote rural areas. This system
is an ideal application for campus and village street lighting. The system is provided with battery
storage backup sufficient to operate the light for 10-11 hours daily. The system is provided with
automatic The solar street light system comprise of ON/OFF time switch for dusk to down
operation and overcharge / deep discharge prevention cut-off with LED indicators.

74 Wp Solar PV Module
 12 V, 75 Ah Tubular plate battery with battery box
Charge Controller cum inverter (20-35 kHz)
11 Watt CFL Lamp with fixtures
4 metre mildsteel lamp post above ground level with weather proof paint and
mounting hardware.

Figure 6 Solar Street Light

Solar Photovoltaic Pump:

The solar water pumping system is a stand-alone system operating on power generated using
solar PV (photovoltaic) system. The power generated by solar cells is used for operating DC
surface centrifugal mono-block pumpset for lifting water from bore / open well or water
reservoir for minor irrigation and drinking water purpose. The system schematic is shown in the
figure below. The system requires a shadow-free area for installation of the Solar Panel.

Figure 7 Solar Photovoltaic Pump

Advantages of solar pump setsu:

No fuel cost-uses abundantly available free sun light
No conventional grid electricity required
Long operating life
 Highly reliable and durable- free performance
Easy to operate and maintain
Eco-friendly
Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant:

Power supply in most of our cities and towns is unreliable, forcing people to use small
generators based on kerosene, petrol or diesel Such generators cause pollution. noise and lead to
increased dependence on oil imports. It has been established that small photovoltaic systems
generators) in the capacity range of 200-600 watts can be economically viable in comparison to
petrol generators of 500-600 watts capacity.
WIND ENERGY:
Water Pumping Wind Mills:

A typical Windmill under this program comprises of a 18 bladed rotor of 3 meter diameter
installed on a tower of 10 meter height. The rotor through the gear mechanism drives the
connecting rod and the pump, which can pump water from a maximum depth of 30 meter, at an
average wind speed of 8-10 km per hours. The approximate rate of pumping under ideal
conditions ranges from 1000 to 1200 liters per hours, which could cater to the irrigation needs of
about half to one hectare area depending upon the cropping pattern and its water requirement.

A Windmill could be installed on an open well, bore well, pond etc at a site which is free from
any obstacles such high rise buildings, tall trees etc. that could restrict the availability of Wind to
the rotor of the windmill.

Wind Turbines:

The state of Gujarat blessed with along coast lined and certain inland areas which have potential
for harnessing of Wind energy for power generation. According to the study conducted by the
Ministry of Non Conventional Sources of Energy, the state of Gujarat has a gross potential of
7362 MW of Wind Power.

About 50 sites in the state have been declared potential for setting up of Wind farms, on the basis
of the long term data of Wind speed, collected and analyzed under the aegis of the Ministry of
Non Conventional Sources of Energy.
 Figure 8 Wind farms

Biogas Plant:

A device/system which helps in converting the organic waste into gaseous form of Energy)
known as Biogas Plant. The entire process of biogas generation takes place in the close
conditions i.e in absence of Oxygen. This state is known as Anaerobic Digestion. The Biogas
Plant/system consists of mainly three components (i.e. feed & slurry handling system, digester &
gas holder). The feed material (mixing with required quantity of water) is fed into the plant, the
waste material gets digested in presence of anaerobic bacteria in the digester resulting into gas
production. The produced gas is collected in Gas Holder and may be used for thermal
application.
Biogas Plant is known as Three-in-One System as provides Fuel, Fertilizer & improves
Environmental Sanitation conditions. The biogas plant is considered the best tool for Green
House Gases (GHGs) emission reduction in the atmosphere. The selection of model & capacity
of Biogas Plant is decided based on the climatic conditions, soil strata, qualitative & quantitative
aspects of raw material available.

ELECTRAVAN:

Due to the toxic emissions train diesel and petrol vehicles, the air pollution in our cities has
reached alarming levels, The increasing vehicle population is also consuming our scarce oil
serves, To overcome these difficulties, BHEL Jve developed ELECTRAVAN - A SMOKELESS,
NOISELESS, OIL FREE BAT POWERED VEHICLE.

This employs no IC engine & no oil to operate. Instead it is run by an electric motor, powered by
a pack of rechargeable tract ion batteries positioned in the vehicle Itself, The power transmission
takes place through though conventional gear box and differential. Gear box and differential. The
speed is controlled by an Electronic Chopper Controller and gear changing. In all other respect
 such as steeering braking, gear box and clutch arrangements etc. Electravans ate similar to
conventional diesel or petrol vehicles. Therefore they need no extra training to drive.

ADVANTAGES

Freedom from highly discomforting noise & vibrations so common in diesel vehicles.

Recurring savings of petrol or diesel.

Ideal vehicle to keep environment clean.

Ideally suited as public transport in congested areas, hospitals, factories, wild life
sanctuaries, airport, schools & places of historic Importance.

No engine related maintenance expenses & much lesser maintenance OPI chassis pails
due to absence of vibrations.

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