Design A.S.

D:
2.6.2(p13) Axial tension
t 40 mm Fy
Ft 0.58 Fy From clause 1.4 , get Fy
40 mm t 100 mm Fy

Ft(t/cm2)
Grade of Steel
t40mm
St 37 1.4
St 44 1.6
St 52 2.1
Section Used:

u v
a a
a

v
b

u
t iv =0.2xa
1 one equal angle t

1 one unequal angle

v
a a
u

b:a=1:1 ix =0.3xb
t
b

t t
u
v
2 Two angle back to back
t iv=0.385xa
Star shape

Symmetric Section and Unsymmetrical section: "Tension"

Design of tension member MKF 2014

 Symmetric Section Unsymmetrical Section

Choose of Cross Section

1)Stress condition 1)Stress condition
D.F D.F
A A
Ft (1.2 x 0.85 x 0.85) Ft (1.2 x 0.85 x 0.85 x 0.75)
FT=1.4t/cm2 FT=1.4t/cm2
1.2 for Case(B) of Loading 1.2 for Case(B) of Loading
0.85 for bolted connection 0.85 for bolted connection
0.85 for bracing member 0.85 for bracing member
A1
A 0.6 for unsymmetrical section
2

Check of the Chosen Member

2)Check of Stress: 2)Check of Stress:

Force Ft ( A) Force Ft ( A)
fact A 2[ A ] Welded f act
1
Net Area Ft x1.2 (B) Reduced Area Ft x1.2 (B)
A1 (a d h ).t Bolted
Anet 2[ A1 dh xt] Bolted A1 (a ).t Welded
d h clearance A2 (a t ).t
Clearance : p95 3 A1
Ared A1 A2 P141
1mm M 12 & M 14 3 A1 A2
2mm M 16 M 24
A1

A2

Design of tension member MKF 2014

 3)Check of Stiffness: 3)Check of Stiffness:
L L
60 60
d d
d 2a t gp for star shape d a for 1 angle b.b
d a for 2 angle b.b L
300
L iv
300
ix iv 0.2a for one angle
i x 0.3a for back to back
iv 0.385a for star shape

Examples:
Example (1):
Design Force = 6t (A), length of member = 360 cm (Diagonal Member), the steel
used (37), use bolts M16 in the connections. (1<) and Welded connections.

Design of tension member MKF 2014

Example (2):
Design Force = 25t (A), length of member = 300 cm (Upper Member), the steel used
(37), use bolts M16 in the connections. (2< b.b) and Welded connections.

Design of tension member MKF 2014

 Solved Example:
Example 1

Design a single angle cross- section for member D1 the shown truss if the
tension force, T = 8.8 tons and material to be used is steel 37 with Fy
=2400 kg/cm2 (Ft =1400 kg/cm2) considering:
1.Welded connections
2.Bolted connections with bolt diameter M16, G4.6

1:20

1.82
1.4
D1

12X1.4=16.8M

Design of tension member MKF 2014

Example 2

design member D9 of the wind bracing of the shown multi-story building if the
cross- section is two angles back to back, the design force, T=31.5 tons, steel to be
used is st.37, and bolt diameter, m20, grade 4.6.

Design of tension member MKF 2014

 9X5=45 M

D9

5M 5M 5M

Example 3

Design the lower chord tension member L4 of the shown truss if the cross section is
two angles back to back, the design force T= 40 ton, the geometrical length of the
member is L = 3.5 m, steel to be used is st .37
Consider:
1. Bolted connections with bolt diameter M16, G4.6
Design of tension member MKF 2014
2. Welded connections

1:20

L4

10X3.5=35M

Example 4
Design the previous tension member of example (3)
considering case (B)

Design of tension member MKF 2014

Example 5
Design a vertical tension member if the design force = 8.8 tons and the
buckling length of the member is 5.5 Ms. Consider the cross section of the
member as two angles (star shape) with welded connections.

Design of tension member MKF 2014

Design of tension member MKF 2014