all the three altitudes.

Triangles
A plane figure bounded by three lines in a 5. Incenter: Point of intersection of the

plane is called a triangle. internal bisector the angle of triangle.

Incenter is equidistant from it's sides.

Types of Triangle:

1. Scalene triangle: Two sides equal

2. Isosceles triangle: Two sides equal in

length.

3. Equilateral triangle: All sides equal.

4. Acute triangle: Each angle is acute. 6. Circumcenter: Point of intersection of

the perpendicular bisector of the sides

5. Right triangle: One right angle.
of the triangle. Cirumcenter are
6. Obtuse triangle: One Obtuse angle.
equidistant from it's vertices.

Terms related to triangle:

1. Median: Medians are the line segment

joining the midpoint of each side with

the opposite vertex of triangle.

Median intersect each other at the

same point i.e. they are concurrent. Congruent triangles:

2. Centroid: Point of intersection of all Two triangles are congruent if they cover
the three median. Centroid divides each other exactly. Means corresponding
the median in 2:1 ratio. angles and sides of both triangles are equal.

3. Altitudes: It is the perpendicular Congruent figures: Two geometric figures

drawn from the opposite vertex to
any side. Altitudes are also
concurrent.
4. Orthocentre: Point of intersection of
having the same shape & size.
Similiar figures: Two geometric figures
having the same shape irrespective of their
sizes.
Similiar triangles: Two triangles are similar side are equal.

if : their angles are equal & corresponding

c) SSS: All three sides are equal.
sides are proportional.
d) RHS: Hypotenuse & one side are
Points to remember:
equal.

1. Sum of three angles of a triangle is

8. Basic Proportionality theorem: Line
180.
segment joining the midpoints of two

2. Exterior angle theorem: A exterior sides is parallel to the third side &

angle is equal to sum of the two equal to half of it.

opposite interior angle.

3. If two sides of triangle are unequal

then the angle opposite to the longer

side is greater.

4. In a triangle, the greater angle has

longer side opposite to it. Similarity theorem: Two triangles are

similar if they holds:

5. Sum of any two sides is greater than

the third side. 1. AAA Similarity: All the angles are

equal.
6. If a, b, c denotes the sides of triangle.

Then, 2. AA Similarity: Two angles are equal.

2 2 2
c < a + b ; acute angled triangle 3. SSS Similarity: All the corresponding

2 2 2
sides are equal.
c = a + b ; Right angled triangle

2 2 2
4. SAS Similarity: Two sides & one
c > a + b ; Obtuse angled triang
included angle are equal.
7. Congruent Property:
Lists of Properties and theorem to
a) SAS : Two sides and included
remember:
angle are equal.
1. Internal Bisector property: Internal
b) ASA: Two angle and an included
bisector of an angle divides the
 opposite side in the ratio of two sides 5. If two similar triangles have equal

containing the angle. area then both are concurrent.

6. In two similar triangles, the ratio of

any two corresponding sides is equal

to their perimeter.

7. Obtuse angle property: In triangle

2. Pythagoras theorem: In right angled 2
ABC, if angle B is obtuse then, AC =
triangle, Square of hypotenuse is 2 2
AB + BC + 2(BC)(BD), where AD is
equal to the sum of squares of
perpendicular to BC.
perpendicular & base.

3. Area Theorem: In two similar

triangles, the ratio of area's is equal

to the ratio of square of any two

corresponding sides.

8. Acute angle property: In triangle

2
ABC, if angle C is acute then, AB =
2 2
AC + BC - 2(BC)(CD), where AD is

perpendicular to BC.
4. In two similar triangles, the ratio of

areas is equal to

a) the ratio of squares of any two

corresponding median.

b) The ratio of squares of any two

corresponding altitudes.
9. Apollonius Theorem: Sum of square of

c) The ratio of squares of any two any two sides is equal to the Sum of

corresponding angle bisector line (twice the square of median which

segments. bisects the third side) and ( Half the

 square of third side).

10. If a perpendicular is drawn

from the vertex of the right angle of

a right angled triangle to the

hypotenuse, the triangle on each side

of the perpendicular is similar to the

whole triangle and to each other. The

square of perpendicular is equal to

the Product of the two parts of the

original hypotenuse.