SUMMARY

Ethics is synonymous with morality. It refers to moral values that are sound, actions that
are morally required (right) or morally permissible (all right), policies and laws that are
desirable. Morality concerns respect for persons, both others and ourselves. It involves being fair
and just, meeting obligations and respecting rights, and not causing unnecessary harm by
dishonesty and cruelty or by hubris. In addition, it involves ideals of character, such as integrity,
gratitude, and willingness to help people in severe distress.' And it implies minimizing suffering
to animals and damage to the environment.
Accordingly, engineering ethics consists of the responsibilities and rights that ought to be
endorsed by those engaged in engineering, and also of desirable ideals and personal
commitments in engineering. Engineering ethics is the study of the decisions, policies, and
values that are morally desirable in engineering practice and research.
Engineering ethics should be studied because it is important, both in contributing to safe
and useful technological products and in giving meaning to engineers' endeavors. In our view,
the direct aim is to increase one's ability to deal effectively with moral complexity in
engineering. Accordingly, the study of engineering ethics strengthens one's ability to reason
clearly and carefully about moral questions. To invoke a term widely used in ethics, the unifying
goal is to increase moral autonomy.
Goals in studying engineering ethics includes improving skills in moral awareness, moral
reasoning, moral coherence, moral imagination, moral communication; and, perhaps more
indirectly, strengthening moral reasonableness, respect for persons, tolerance of diversity and
confidence in resolving moral conflicts, and preserving moral integrity.
In engineering, as in the case of the Citicorp Tower, ethical dilemmas may arise. Ethical
dilemmas, or moral dilemmas, are situations in which moral reasons come into conflict, or in
which the applications of moral values are problematic, and it is not immediately obvious what
should be done. The moral reasons might be obligations, rights, goods, ideals, or other moral
considerations. In engineering as elsewhere, moral values are myriad and they can come into
conflict, requiring good judgment about how to reconcile and integrate them.
Responsibiliy refers to a sphere of duty or obligation assigned to a person by the nature
of that persons position, function, or work according to a business historian Vincent E Barry. In
other words, responsibility can be viewed as a bundle of obligations associated with a job or
function. Moral responsibility of individuals or corporations has several meanings: obligations,
moral accountability, the virtue of being conscientious and praiseworthy (for desirable actions)
and blameworthiness (for wrongdoing).
Responsibilities are obligations. These are types of actions that are morally mandatory.
Some obligations are incumbent on each of us, such as to be honest, fair and decent. Being
responsible means being accountable. This means having the general capacities for moral
agency, including the capacity to understand and act on moral reasons. It also means being
answerable for meeting particular obligations, that is, liable to be held to account by other people
in general or by specific individuals in positions of authority. Responsibility also exhibits the
virtue of conscientiousness. They diligently try to do the right thing and they largely succeed in
doing so, even under difficult circumstances. Lastly, responsibility also means blameworthy or
praiseworthy. In contexts where it is clear that accountability for wrongdoing is at issue,
"responsible" becomes a synonym for blameworthy. In contexts where it is clear that right
conduct is at issue, "responsible" is a synonym for praiseworthy.
Responsibility can be classified into six: moral responsibility, causal responsibility, job
responsibility, legal responsibility, social responsibility and personal responsibility. The term
"moral responsibility" refers to the duty that individuals and groups have to act in accordance
with the moral principles that are important to their social communities and to humanity at large.
Causal responsibility consists simply in being a cause of some event. Job responsibility consists
of one's assigned tasks at the place of employment. Legal responsibility is whatever the law
requiresincluding legal obligations and accountability for meeting them. It is against the law
not to take responsibility in some cases. Social responsibility refers to the responsibilities that
society has towards everyone. Personal responsibility is the idea that human beings choose,
instigate, or otherwise cause their own actions.
Ethical issues arise as a product develops from a mental concept to physical completion.
Engineers encounter both moral and technical problems concerning variability in the materials
available to them, the quality of work by coworkers at all levels, pressures imposed by time and
the whims of the marketplace, and relationships of authority within corporations. These problems
may arise from the shortcomings on the part of engineers, their supervisors, vendors, or the
operators of the product. The underlying causes can have different forms: lack of vision,
incompetence, lack of time or lack of proper materials, a silo mentality that keeps information
compartmentalized rather than shared across different departments, the notion that there are
safety engineers somewhere down the line to catch potential problems, improper use or disposal
of the product, dishonesty and inattention to how the product is performing after it is sold and
when in use.
Profession is any occupation that provides a means by which to earn a living. It is derived
from the Latin term profiteri meaning declare publicly. A profession is something a little more
than a job, it is a career for someone that wants to be part of society. It involves training to be
competent in chosen sector, maintaining skills through continuing professional development, and
behaving ethically to protect public interests.

Accordingly, a professional is a person who works in a particular profession: relating to a

job that requires special education, training, or skill. A professional is a person who is paid to
undertake a specialized set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. Some common professionals
are: Accountants, Advocates, Architects, Dentists, Doctors, Nurses, Economists, Engineers,
Financial analysts, Journalist, Lawyers, Occupational therapists, Pharmacists, Physicians, Priests,
Pastors, Pilots, Psychologists, Scientists, Social workers, Software engineers, Teachers,
Veterinarians, and others.

Professionals should have advanced expertise, self-regulation and promote public good.
Professions require sophisticated skills (knowing-how) and theoretical knowledge (knowing-
that) in exercising judgment that is not entirely routine or susceptible to mechanization. Well-
established societies of professionals are allowed by the public to play a major role in setting
standards for admission to the profession, drafting codes of ethics, enforcing standards of
conduct, and representing the profession before the public and the government. The occupation
serves some important public good, or aspect of the public good, and it does so by making a
concerted effort to maintain high ethical standards throughout the profession.
The 10 Golden Rules to Professional Ethics in the Workplace according to Leandro
Valente includes the following: Always strive for excellence; Be trustworthy; Be accountable; Be
courteous and respectful; Be honest, open and transparent; Be competent and improve
continually; Always be ethical; Always be honorable and act with integrity; Be respectful of
confidentiality; and lastly, Set good examples.
 Social responsibility is an ethical theory, in which individuals are accountable for
fulfilling their civic duty; the actions of an individual must benefit the whole of society. In this
way, there must be a balance between economic growth and the welfare of society and the
environment. If this equilibrium is maintained, then social responsibility is accomplished.
Accordingly, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to business practices
involving initiatives that benefit society. A business's CSR can encompass a wide variety of
tactics, from giving away a portion of a company's proce