Answers to Selected Problems

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Min. f = 5xA 80xB + 160xC + 15xD , 0.05xA + 0.05xB + 0.1xC +

0.15xD 1000, 0.1xA + 0.15xB + 0.2xC + 0.05xD 2000, 0.05xA + 0.1xB +
0.1xC + 0.15xD 1500, xA 5000, xB 0, xC 0, xD 4000
1.2(a) X = {0.65, 0.53521} (b) X = {0.9, 2.5}
(c) X = {0.65, 0.53521} 1.5 x1 = x2 = 300
1.9(a) R1 = 4.472, R2 = 2.236 (b) R1 = 3.536, R2 = 3.536
(c) R1 = 6.67, R2 = 3.33
1.11(a) y1 = ln x1 , y2 = ln x2 , ln f = 2y1 + 3y2
(b) f = 10y2 x2 , x1 = 10y2 , ln (log10 f ) = ln (log10 x1 ) + ln x2
1.14 xij = 1 if city j is visited immediately after city i, and = 0 otherwise.
n  n 
n
Find {xij } to minimize f = dij xij subject to xij = 1 (i = 1, 2, . . . , n),
i=1 j =1 i=1

n
i = j and xij = 1 (i = 1, 2, . . . , n), j = i
j =1

Py 6Px l Py 6Px l 2 Ed 2
1.19 Min. f = lbd, + y , + , b 0.5, b 2d.
bd bd 2 bd bd 2 48l 2
1.25 Max. f = 23 tm + 35 td , tm + td 40, td 1.25tm , 0 tm 24, 0 td 20.
1.29 Min. f = x3 [x12 (x1 x2 )2 ] + 43 [x13 (x1 x4 )3 ], x3 (x1 x2 )2 +
pR0 pR0
3 (x1 x4 ) 4,619,606 0, x2 S.e + 0.4p 0, x4 S.e + 0.8p 0
4 3

CHAPTER 2

2.1 r = R 2.3 x = 1.5 (inflection point)

 1/4
D5
2.5 x = 1 (not min, not max), x = 2 (min) 2.9 d =
8f l
2.10 35.36 m 2.11(a) 79.28 (b) 0.911 from end of stroke

Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, Fourth Edition Singiresu S. Rao 795
Copyright 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
796 Answers to Selected Problems

2.13 positive semidefinite 2.15 positive definite

2.17 negative definite 2.19 indefinite
2.21 x1 = 0.2507 m, x2 = 5.0879 103 m
2.23 a = 328, b = 376 2.26 x = 27, y = 21
2.27 x = 100 2.28(a) minimum (b) minimum
(c) saddle point (d) none 2.30 saddle point at (0, 0)
2.33 dx1 = arbitrary, dx2 = 0 2.36 radius = 2r/3, length = h/3
 
4V 1/3 h
2.38 length = (a + b )
2/3 2/3 3/2
2.40 h = , r =
2
2.41 x1 = x3 = (S/3)1/2 , x2 = (S/12)1/2

2.43 d = 16 {(a + b) a 2 ab + b2 } 2.47 200 mm 250 mm
2.50 X = {4, 2, 2} 2.53 198.43 ft 113.39 ft

2.55(a) fnew = 15 (b) fnew = 18 2.57(a) f = 1/3
(b) f = 1/9 2.61 X2 is local minimum
2.63(a) KuhnTucker conditions satisfied
(b) 1 = 0.4, 2 = 0.2, 3 = 0 2.65(a) S = {1, 3} (b) none
2.67 optimum 2.69 x1 = 34 , x2 = 4 16
9
2.73 convex 2.75 none optimum

CHAPTER 3

3.3 x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 3 3.5 x1 = 2, x2 = 4, x3 = 6
3.7 x1 = 1/3, x2 = 4/3 3.9 x1 = 2 25 , x2 = 1 15
3.12 x = 3 11
3
, y = 3 11
2
3.15 x = 5 13
1
, y = 1 13
1

3.17 all points on line joining (2, 10) and (7.4286, 15.4286)
3.18 x = 10, y = 18 3.20 x = 9/7, y = 40/7
3.23 x = 6, y = 1 3.25 x = 6, y = 0
3.27 x = 75/8, y = 27/8 3.29 x = 3, y = 2.5
3.31 x = 4, y = 0 3.33 unbounded 3.35 x = 4/7, y = 30/7
3.37 x = 36/7, y = 15/7 3.39 x = 16/5, y = 1/5
3.41 infeasible 3.43 unbounded
3.48 x1 = 3000.0, x2 = 416.7, x3 = 1200.0
3.50 x1 (barley) = 40, x2 = x3 = x4 = 0, x5 (leased) = 160
 Answers to Selected Problems 797

3.55 xA = 1.5, xB = 0 3.57 xm

= 16, xd = 20
3.60 x = 36/11, y = 35/11
3.66 all points on the line joining (7.4286, 15.4286) and (10, 18)
3.71 x = 3.6207, y = 8.4483 3.75 x = 2/7, y = 30/7
3.79 x = 56/23, y = 45/23 3.85 x = 4/3, y = 7
3.89 x = 0, y = 3
3.92 (x1 , x2 ) = amounts of mixed nuts (A, B) used, lb. x1 = 80/7, x2 = 120/7
3.94 xA = 62.5, xB = 31.25
3.96 xi = number of units of Pi produced per week. x1 = 100/3, x2 = 250/3
3.99 (x1 , x2 ) = number of units of (A, B) sold per month. x1 = 19.17, x2 = 45
3.102 xi = number of days used in a month for process type i (i = 1, 2, 3, 4).
x1 = 30, x2 = x3 = x4 = 0

CHAPTER 4

4.1 X = {2.333, 1.333, 0, 0}

4.3 xi = 0, i = 1, 2, 3, x4 = 2/5, x5 = 4/5 4.5 solution unbounded
4.9 xi = 0, i = 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, x3 = 0.5, x4 = 1.5
4.12 x1 = 2.35, x2 = 0.1, x3 = 2.7, x4 = 1.2
4.15 x1 = x2 = x3 = x6 = 0, x4 = 120, x5 = 100
= 27,600/3
4.17 optimum solution remains same, fnew
4.19 (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = number of units of products (A, B, C, D) produced.
x1 = 4000/3, x2 = x3 = 0, x4 = 200/3
4.23 x1 = 1000/3, x2 = x3 = 0, x4 = 800/3
4.29 x1 = 0, x2 = 0.5 4.31 x1 = 0, x2 = 0.5
4.33 infinite solutions 4.35 x1 = 0, x2 = 0.5
4.37 X(2) = {0.3367, 0.3112, 0.3250}
4.40 x1 = 0.9815, x2 = 1.2323, x3 = 0.4471

CHAPTER 5

5.2 0.484 5.3 0.481 5.4 0.49 5.6 0.8 5.9 0.7817
5.11(a) 0.786151 (b) 0.786142 (c) 0.786192 5.14(a) 999
798 Answers to Selected Problems

(b) 20 (c) 19 (d) 14 (e) 14 5.17(a) 2.7814

(b) 2.7183 5.18(a) 2.7183 (b) 2.7289 (c) 2.7183
5.20 0.25 5.21 0.001257 5.22 0.00126 5.24 0.00125631

CHAPTER 6

6.1 Min. f = P0 (0.5u21 + 0.5u22 u1 u2 u2 )

3fl 4
6.2 f1 = 7.0751, f2 = 74.8087 where f =
Eh2
6.4 x1 = 65.567, x2 = 52.974 6.5 x1 = 4.5454, x2 = 5.4545

6.7 f = 4250x12 1000x1 x2 2500x1 x3 + 1500x22 500x2 x3 + 5750x32

1000x1 2000x2 3000x3 , X = {0.3241, 0.8360, 0.3677}
6.9 X {1, 1} 6.12 X = {0.9465, 2.0615, 2.9671}
6.14 f (z1 , z2 ) = 5 + 1.0429z1 0.7244z2 + 0.5z12 + 0.5z22
6.16(a) yes (b) no 6.19(a) 60,002.0 (b) 241.3729
6.30 X1 = {2, 1, 8} X2 = {2, 0.7, 8} X3 = {2.26, 0.85, 8}
X4 = {2.15, 0.74, 7.755} 6.35 X2 = {5.57, 0}, f2 > f1
6.38 x1 = 1, x2 = 1 6.45 X5 = {2.0869, 1.7390}, f5 = 8.3477
6.47 X = {2, 1, 4} 6.48 x = 1.1423, y = 0.8337
6.50 x1 = 1.698105, x2 = 0.883407 6.52 X = {5, 8}
6.55(a) no (b) yes

CHAPTER 7

7.1 X = {2, 3}, f = 50

7.6(a) Min. f = 12x12 + 30x22 8x1 x2 22x1 + 60x2 78, x2 + 2 = 0,
x1 + x2 0
(b) Min. f = 18x1 68x2 70, x2 + 2 = 0, x1 + x2 0
7.8 X = {1.74558, 1.95265}, f = 9.23478
7.11 Max. f = 3.5483d 4 w, 2.2227 106 d 4 1 0, 0.2223d 2 w 150 0,
d 25 7.13 8s1 + 4s2 < 0, s1 + 2s2 0, s1 0
7.15 X = {0.75, 4.56249}, f = 0.25391
7.18 X = {3, 3}, f = 18 7.21 x1 = 24 cm, x2 = x3 = 12 cm
 
1 1
7.23(a) k = 2x rk + ,
2x x 10
 Answers to Selected Problems 799

(b) k = 2x + rk ( 2 x
2 + x 10
2 )
7.27 x1 = 0.989637, x2 = 1.979274

4 x1 + 16 x2 1 0, x1 /5 + x2 /3 1 0, r1 = 1.5
1 2 1 2
7.29
7.31 x1 = 4.1, x2 = 5.9 7.34 X {0.8984, 0}, f 2.2079

7.36 X {1.671, 17.6} 7.39 x1 = 0.4028, x2 = 0.8056
1
7.42 optimum, 1 = 2 = , 3 = 11
4 2
7.45 X {1.3480, 0.7722, 0.4299}, f 0.1154

CHAPTER 8

8.1 f 2.268866 8.2 f 3.464102 8.3 f 3

8.5 radius = 0.4174 m, height = 1.6695 m
8.6 radius = 0.3633 m, height = 2.9067 m
8.7 x1 = 1.5 106 , x2 = 1.0 106
8.9 x1 = 5.7224, x2 = 0.8737, x3 = 7.2813
8.10 x1 = 1.0845, x2 = 1.1761
8.11 x1 = 8.6365, x2 = 0.9397, x3 = 6.8219, x4 = 0.9609
8.12 x1 = 1.1262, x2 = 1.1945, x3 = 1.6575
8.13 x1 = 2.2629, x2 = 7.1689, x3 = 4.5850
8.14 x1 = 0.3780, x2 = 0.5345, x3 = 0.5714
8.17 d = 0.002808 m, D = 0.02935 m
8.18 V = 323.3201 ft/min, F = 0.005 in/rev 8.20 2
8.22 R = 0.2118, L = 0.2907
8.23 R = 1.2821, L = 0.5266, f = 16.2056

CHAPTER 9

9.1 x1 = 2, x2 = x3 = 0, x4 = 3 9.2 A-B-F-J-K-L-P

9.3 n1 = 2, n2 = 3, n3 = 1 9.4 24,000 ft at B, C, D, and E
9.5 D-H-L-K-J-I-M
9.6 stage 1 (0, n), stage 2 (0, 2n/3), stage 3 (4n/9, 0)
9.7 A B1 C1 D1 E 9.9 units invested in stations 1, 2, 3: (0, 2, 1)
800 Answers to Selected Problems

9.10 x1 = 7.5, x2 = 10.0 9.11 x1 = 60, x2 = 70, x3 = 80

9.13 x1 = 5, x2 = 0, x3 = 5, x4 = 0

CHAPTER 10

10.1 X = {2, 1}, f = 13 10.3 X = {0, 9}, f = 27

10.4 X = {1, 0}, f = 3 10.5 X = {0, 3}, f = 3
10.6 X = {3, 3}, f = 39 10.7 X = {4, 3}, f = 10
10.8 187 = 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 10.9 X = {1, 2, 0}, f = 3
10.12 X = {1, 1, 1}, f = 18 10.13 X = {1, 1, 1, 1, 0}, f = 9
10.15 X = {4, 0}, f = 4 10.16 X = {2, 2.5}, f = 20.5

CHAPTER 11

2 2 3 1
11.2 V = , v = 11.3 X = 3.2, X = 0.8
h h 8
11.4 a = 769.2308, X = 1, X = 0.048038
11.7 fX (x) = x + 1.5x 2 , fY (y) = y + 1.5y 2
11.8 X = 0.006079 cm, rejects = 1.32% 11.9 independent
11.10 dependent 11.11(a) 0.99904, (b) 0.0475,
(c) 3616 kgf /cm2 11.12 0.6767
11.13 R = 268.9520 ft, R = 56.1941 ft, R second order = 270.1673 ft
11.15 X = {0, 0, 0, 12}, f = 12
11.17(a) X = {0.0, 36.93, 174.40}, f = 1,891.72
(b) X = same as in (a), f = 524.50
(c) X = same as in (a), (f + f ) = 2,416.22

CHAPTER 12

12.3 x(t) = c1 et + (2 c1 )et t where c1 is a constant

12.4 circle of radius L/(2)
   
0.2 1.2169
12.6 X = in 12.7 X =
2
0.2 0.3805
 Answers to Selected Problems 801

CHAPTER 13
       
17 15 23 9
13.1 Before: X1 = , X2 = ; After: X1 = , X2 =
13 22 22 13
13.3 (a) 9, (b) 10, (c) 11 13.4 10 13.6 (i j ) = (i 4) 13.8 x = 2
13.9 x1 (2) = 2.8297, x2 (2) = 1.9345, x3 (2) = 1.6362, x4 (2) = 1.1887
13.12 Number of copies of strings 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are 0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 2, 2, respectively
13.14 String length = 37

CHAPTER 14

14.1 c1 = 0.04, c2 = 0.81

14.3(a) {0.001165, 0.002329, 0.03949, 0.05635},
(b) {0.0009705, 0.001941, 0.05273, 0.084102},
(c) {0.0009704, 0.001941, 0.05265, 0.08395}
 
yi
14.5 = {0.000582, 0.001165, 0.002329, 0.002329}
x1
 
yi
14.7 = {0.4693 107 , 0.9477 107 , 0.027948, 0.027947}
x3
     
0.000125 0.000229 0.0
14.9(a) (b) ,
0.000458 0.000229 0.000333
   
275 0
(c) ,
0 200
 
1 2 Y1 0.312639 1012
14.11 = 2.28840, = 46.8649, = ,
A2 A 2 A2 0.391666 106
Y2 0.698492 108
=
A2 0.883790 102
1 2
14.15 = 1.584664, = 2.744719
D D
14.16 y = 3, A1 = 0.316228 107 , A2 = 0.948683 107 , f = 0.6 106
14.18 y = 0.25, A1 = 1.0, A2 = 1.0, f = 43.7565
14.20 X = {0.7635, 1.0540}, f = 187.5670 with f = 0.625f1 + 1061.0f2
14.21 X = {0.8, 1.1}, F = 3.1267
14.22 X = {0.75, 1.25}