DECODINGEUROCODES2+7:DESIGNOFFOUNDATIONS

CO G OCO S 2 SG O O O S
DrAndrewBond(Geocentrix)
Outlineoftalk
April2010:thedeathofBritishStandards?
UKimplementationofEurocodes
Verification of strength: limit states STR and GEO
Verificationofstrength:limitstatesSTRandGEO
Sometechnicalpitfalls
GuidanceonuseofEurocodes
APRIL 2010 THE DEATH OF BRITISH STANDARDS?
APRIL2010:THEDEATHOFBRITISHSTANDARDS?
BritishStandardsforfoundationspriortoApril2010

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Europeandesignstandardsforfoundations(Eurocodes)

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Europeanspecificationsformaterials(andtestingstandards)

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Europeanexecutionstandards

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UK IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROCODES
UKIMPLEMENTATIONOFEUROCODES
 BON
TheEurocodefamily

ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)
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 BON
RoleofEurocodesinUKpractice

ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)
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BSIPublishedDocumentstosupporttheEurocodes

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DefactoUKstandardsforbasementdesign

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VERIFICATIONOFSTRENGTH:LIMITSTATESSTRANDGEO
C O O S G S SS G O
 EN199712.4
Verificationofstrength
VerificationofstrengthisexpressedinEurocode7by:

E d Rd
Ed =designeffectofactions
Rd =designresistancecorrespondingtothateffect

4.7.1(1
AppliestoGEO:
Failureorexcessivedeformationoftheground,inwhichthestrength
of soil or rock is significant inprovidingresistance
ofsoilorrockissignificant in providing resistance

1)P
EN199712.4.7.1(1)P

andtoSTR:
and to STR:
Internalfailureorexcessivedeformationofthestructureor
structuralelementsinwhichthestrengthofstructuralmaterialsis
significant inprovidingresistance
in providing resistance
EN199712.4.7.1(1)P

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Applicationofpartialfactorsandtolerances

Actions

Fd = F Frep Effects of actions

E d = E E {Fd , X d , ad }
Material properties
Xk
Xd =
M Resistances
R {Fd , X d , ad }
Geometrical parameters Rd =
ad = anom a R

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 BON
VerificationofstrengthforSTR(structuraldesign)

ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)
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 BON
VerificationofstrengthforGEO/STR(DA11)

ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)
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 BON
VerificationofstrengthforGEO/STR(DA12)

ND AND
D HARRIS (200
08)
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PartialfactorsforGEO/STR(DA1):footings,walls,andslopes
Parameter Symbol Combination1 Combination2
A1 M1 R1 A2 M2 R1
Permanent Unfavourable
Permanent G 1 35
1.35 10
1.0
action(G)
Favourable (G,fav) 1.0
Variable
Variable Unfavourable Q 1.5 1.3
action(Q)
Favourable (0) (0)
g ( )
Shearingresistance(tan) 1.0 1.25
Effectivecohesion(c) c
Undrainedshearstrength(cu) cu 1.4
Unconfinedcompressivestrength(qu) qu
Weightdensity() 1.0
Bearing resistance (Rv)
Bearingresistance(R Rv 10
1.0 10
1.0
Slidingresistance(Rh) Rh
Earthresistance(Re) Re

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SOME TECHNICAL DETAILS
SOMETECHNICALDETAILS
 EN199211EXXP (3.15
Designstrengthofconcrete
Designcompressivestrengthofconcreteis:

fcd = cc fck c
fck =characteristiccompressivestrengthofconcrete(fromcylindertests)
c =partialfactorforconcreteincompression
= partial factor for concrete in compression
cc =factorforlongtermeffectsoncompressivestrengthandunfavourable
effectsresultingfromthewaytheloadisapplied

53.16)&TABLE 3.1
Designtensilestrengthofconcreteis:

fctd = ct fctk ,0.05 c = 0.21 f 23

ct ck c
fctk,0.05
ctk 0 05 =characteristictensilestrengthofconcrete(5%fractile
g ( value))
ct =factorforlongtermeffectsontensilestrength,etc.
[fck hasunitsofMPa inthisexpression]

1
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 EN1992113
Designstrengthofreinforcingsteel
Designyieldstrengthofreinforcingsteelis:

fydd = fykk s
fyk =characteristicyieldstrengthofreinforcingsteel
s =partialfactorforreinforcingsteel
= partial factor for reinforcing steel

3.2.7(2
2)
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 EN1992113
Factorforlongtermeffectsonconcretestrength
Document Reinforcedconcrete Plain/lightlyreinforcedconc.
Compression Tension Compression Tension
cc ct cc,pl ct,pl
EN199211 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8
UK NA (Amd 1)
UKNA(Amd 0.85
0 85 flexure/axial 10
1.0 06
0.6 08
0.8

3.1.6&
1.0otherwise

&PD66
Long vs shorttermstrength Justificationforcc =0.85

687
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 EN1992112
Partialfactorsforreinforcedconcrete
Limitstates Design Reinforcedconcrete Reinforcingandpre
situation stressingsteel
General Piles*
Piles s
c kfc
Ultimate Persistent 1.5 1.65 1.15

2.4.2.4
Transient 1.5 1.65 1.15
Accidental 1.2 1.32 1.0

4&2.4
Seismic 1.0 1.0 1.0
Serviceability 1.0 1.0 1.0

4.2.5
*Cast
Castinplacepiles
in place piles withoutpermanentcasing;k
without permanent casing; kf =1.1
=11
RecommendedvalueforsituationsnotexplicitlycoveredbyEN1992

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Bendingresistanceofsinglyreinforcedbeam
Verificationofbendingresistancerequires:

MEd MRd
MEd =designvalueofappliedbendingmomenteffect
MRd =designbendingresistance,givenby:
= design bending resistance given by:

fyd As
MRdd = As fyd d 1
2 fcd bd
As =areaofsteelreinforcement
fyd =designyieldstrengthofreinforcingsteel
d i i ld h f i f i l
b =widthofcrosssection;d=itseffectivedepth
fcdd =designcompressivestrengthofconcrete
design compressive strength of concrete
=1.0

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Designchatsforsinglyreinforcedbeams

9
0.3
0.28
8
0.26
0 24
0.24 7
0.22
6

M / bd^^2 (MPa)
0.2
K = M / bd^2fcd

0.18
5
0.16
0.14
4 fck = 50 MPa
0.12
45 MPa
0.1 3 40 MPa
0.08
35 MPa
0 06
0.06 2
30 MP
MPa
0.04
1 25 MPa
0.02
20 MPa
0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.2 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.36
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
( / bd) (fyd/fcd)
(As (f d/f d)
As / bd (%)

Oct-10 Decoding Eurocodes 2+7 2010 Geocentrix Ltd and Modulus Structural Engineering Ltd 26
Differencesbetweendesignaids
DesignaidsforEurocode2thathaveappearedtodatepresentN:Minteraction
diagramsinsubtlydifferentways:

Author/Guide Axes Contours

TTDesignersGuide NEd MEd As fyd
2
vs 3
h fcd h fcd h2fcd
ConcreteCentre NEd MEd As fyk
2
vs 3
h fck h fck h2fck
TCCSpreadsheets
NEd (kN) vs MEd (kNm) As ((e.g.
g 4B32))

Oct-10 Decoding Eurocodes 2+7 2010 Geocentrix Ltd and Modulus Structural Engineering Ltd 27
 EN1992116
Trussmodelforvariablestrutinclinationmethod

6.2.3(1
1)
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Designchartsforshearresistance

1
8 8
21.8
0.9
7 7
08
0.8

Shear resisttance (MPa)

6 6
0.7
vRd.c (MPa)

0.6 5 5
2%
05
0.5 1 75%
1.75% 4 4
1.5%
0.4
1.25% 3 3

0.3 1.0%
0.75% 2 2
02
0.2 0 5%
0.5%
1 1
0.25%
0.1
0.15%
20 25 30 35 40 45
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Truss angle
g ((deg)
g)
Effective depth (mm)

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AssumptionsusedtodevelopN:Minteractioncharts

Reinforcingbarsare(rotationally)symmetricalaboutthepilecentre
Above neutral axis concrete and reinforcing bars provide compression force
Aboveneutralaxis,concreteandreinforcingbarsprovidecompressionforce
Belowneutralaxis,onlyreinforcingbarsprovidetension
Shapeofconcreteincompression=segmentofcircle;mustdeductareaofsteelin
compressionzonefromit

Oct-10 Decoding Eurocodes 2+7 2010 Geocentrix Ltd and Modulus Structural Engineering Ltd 30
 PILEE INTERA
Circularpile(D=600mm,c=75mm,l=32mm,t =8mm)

ACTION DIAGRA
AM
Feltham(2004),paperinTheStructuralEngineer

Areaofconcretestrut
dv z

2rs/

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Comparingminimumreinforcementforconcretepiles
Minimum longitudinal reinforcement for concrete piles
40
Ac.EN1992,max

2
m

30
2)
As (cm^2

20

EN 1536 (bored piles)

BD 74/00 (bored piles)
10
EN 14199 (driven cast-in-place)
EN 14199 (micropiles)
Minimum for column (EN 1992)
Maximum for column (EN 1992)
EN 1992 (bored piles)

0 0 25
0.25 05
0.5 0 75
0.75 1 1 25
1.25 15
1.5

Ac (m^2)

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GUIDANCE ON USE OF EUROCODES
GUIDANCEONUSEOFEUROCODES
GuidancefromSCI/BCSA/Corus/ConcreteCentre

http://www.steel-ncci.co.uk/
27 October
2010
 WW
DesignersGuides,Decodingbookandblog

WW.EUR
ROCODEE7.COM
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 WW
DecodingtrainingcoursesfromGeocentrix

WW.GEO
OCENTRIX.CO.UK/TRAINING
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 JACK OFFO
TheEurocodeScream

ORD (WIITH APO

OLOGIESS TO MUNCH)
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FURTHERINFORMATIONISAVAILABLEAT.
Eurocode7training:www.geocentrix.co.uk
Eurocode7book:www.decodingeurocode7.com
Eurocode7blog:www.eurocode7.com