Industrialisation on

Food Production
Unit 1
Outcome 2
Key Knowledge
The affect of industrialisation, technology and globalisation on
food availability, production and consumption
Industrialisation
The process in which a
country or society is
transformed from a
primary agricultural
society to one based on
the manufacturing of
goods and services

Typically this change sees

manual labour replaced
with machinery
Development of Technology in
Primary Food Production

Agricultu High-
Invention
ral yield Machiner
of the Irrigation
chemical seed y
plough
s varieties
Agricultural Chemicals and High-
Yield Varieties
Traditional farming methods
deplete the fertility of the soil
as the same crop was grown
repeatedly in the same area
The use of animal manure and
crop rotation increased crop
yield however it was not until
the development of
ammonia fertilisers that
farmers were able to use to
dramatically improve food
production
Agricultural Chemicals and High-
Yield Varieties
Fertilisers chemical compounds applied to soil
to promote plant growth
Agricultural Chemicals and High-
Yield Varieties
Why Ammonia?
It is a major source of
nitrogen which improves
soil fertility, prior to its
discovery crop rotation
was used, a legume crop
was used to fix the
nitrogen in the soil
1909
A German laboratory developed ammonia
Used this to produce fertilisers to increase plant health
and therefore crop yields

A process called nitrogen fixing was developed to

1885
replenish and regenerate soil fertility
Uses nitrogen producing bacteria to change the nitrogen
gas in the atmosphere to solid nitrogen the plants are
able to use

The Green Revolution occurred due to the combination

1960s
of nitrogen fertilisers and high yield varieties increasing
the human population
Developing countries could now use artificial chemicals to
grow crops, decreasing poverty however this new
reliance on chemicals was environmentally damaging
Invention of the Plough
Initiated the replacement
of human manual labour
with more mechanised
methods

Used to cultivate soil, sow

seeds and harvest crops

The blades cut the soil

and loosen it so that
seeds can be sown

Invention of the Plough Farming became

more efficient

Increased quality
and quantity of
crops
More land could
be covered but
with less workers
to pay
Opportunity for
increased profit

Less Labour
intensive
Machinery for sowing and
harvesting
When crops were first
domesticated, seeds
were broadcasted
thrown randomly by hand
The invention of the seed
drill by Jethro Tull in
1701 allowed the seeds
to be dropped in a
uniform row, then
covered with soil
Machinery for sowing and
harvesting
The mechanical reaper, invented in 1834 by Cyrus
McCormick was a machine used for cutting and
harvesting grain
Development of Irrigation

Irrigation is the
artificial application
of water to the land to
enable agricultural
crops to grow
 Development of Irrigation

Shadoof Quanat Early Sakia

Aqueduct
Development of Irrigation
Today irrigation
has developed
to the extend
that systems
can supply an
entire paddock
with a uniform
quantity of
water using
automated
sprinklers and
dripper
systems that
supply water to
just the
Development of Technology in
Food Processing

The Grain The Dairy

Industry Industry
The Grain Industry Production of
Flour

6000BCE 70BCE NOW

Saddle and hand Early windmill for Automated
stone milling flour computerised
systems
The Dairy Industry Milk Production

19th Century 1980s, 90s to

6000-7000BCE The first NOW
Rotary System
Hand Milking milking device Robotic
pipeline milking
system systems
Milk Preservation
A process that kills
bacteria in liquid foods

Destroys pathogenic and

disease causing bacteria
Extends shelf-life of milk
Milk heated to 72C for 15
seconds then rapidly cooled
to 2C
No impact on nutrient content
and minimal flavour change

Cheese Making
Records indicate cheese
making dates back more
than 4000 years

Milk is proteins casein
coagulates/curdles
separating it into curds
and whey when an
enzyme called rennet
is added
Impact of Globalisation on Food
Availability
Multinational
corporatio
ns

Developme
nt

Improvements

Transport
Communicat
ion
Globalisation
A process by which the
world has become
interconnected as a
result of increased
trade and cultural
exchange, resulting in
enhanced economic
and financial
cooperation between
countries
Transport of Perishable Foods
1700s saw natural ice used to
preserve food stock or more
primitively caves packed with
snow
Development of refrigeration
has allowed bulk transport to
be possible in addition to a
greater food selection all year
round
Advancements in packaging has
also proved valuable to the
shelf life extension of
previously perishable products
Improved Communications
Internet, email and
smartphones have proven
to be vital for the growth
of globalisation

Allowing previously
restricted communications
to be effortless leading to
worldwide marketing and
trade opportunities
Development of Multinational
Corporations
Large companies that
operate and do
business in more than
one country

Highly influential due to

their extensive control of
the world food supply

Can you think of any?

Concerns relating to multinational
corporations??
Do not support local
businesses

Do we want the
products these
??
companies offer to
be readily available?

?? ??