CORALS

ECHINODERMATATALINO
HOSTALLERO, JENWARD
KINOMES, RYAN
ONG, PATRICIA
RAYO, JAMAICA LYN
VILLAMOR, JESSICA FLOR
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Octocorallia
Order Alcyonacea
Family Isididae
Genus Isis
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Isis sp.
COMMON NAME
Bamboo coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
None
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Branching colony http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/10/1829/htm
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Isis sp.
Calcareous
internodes (CaCO3)
and nodes
composed of
proteinaceous
gorgonin

Globular or
barrel-shaped
internodes;
bulged White internodes;
Dark-brown
Internodes with nodes
parallel Dense colonies
longitudinal branching in a
ridges fan-like manner
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Octocorallia
Order Gorgonacea
Genus Gorgonia
Species Gorgonia
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Gorgonia sp.
COMMON NAME
Purple sea fan
CORALLITE FORMATION
Cerioid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
http://guamreeflife.com/images/organisms/fullsize/softcoral/gorgonians/gorgonian_spK/go
Branching colony rgonian_spK_full1.jpg
http://thailanddiveandsail.com/front/uploads/photoblog/IMG_3614.jpg
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Gorgonia sp.

Anastomose
branches, which
form uniplanar,
reticulate, fan-
shaped colonies.

Branches are
round or slightly Presence of small
compressed in spines at the
the plane of the surface of the
fan branch skeleton; in
Colors result Skeletons consist distinct rows
from chemical of laminated extending along the
pigments composites: skeleton
produced in the protein, chitin
spicules. and antipathin
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Octocorallia
Order Alcyonacea
Family Tubiporidae
Genus Tubipora
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Tubipora sp.
COMMON NAME
Organ pipe coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Phacelloid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Massive colony http://www.aquaticlog.com/aquariums/nidhogg8/1/species/35327
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/content/dam/nhmwww/discover/corals-blog/chagos-coral-1080.jpg
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Tubipora sp.

Dark red-colored
skeleton composed
of thin tubes that
look similar to a
pipe organ

Colonies of polyps
can form mounds
of up to 50cm in Polyps have broad
diameter oral disc, with
eight feather-like
Polyps are Lacks colorful tentacles
monomorphic and polyps, usually (pinnuled)
retractile and gray or green in
have long bodies color
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Octocorallia
Order Helioporacea
Family Helioporidae
Genus Heliopora
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Heliopora sp.
COMMON NAME
Blue coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Cerioid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL http://www.guamreeflife.com/images/organisms/fullsize/inverts/anthozoans/bluecoral/heli
opora_coerulea/heliopora_coerulea_full1.jpg

Foliaceous colony http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/7D/7D778064-6556-4C21-BD9F-

FBA3B5667D55/Presentation.Large/Heliopora-coerulea-colony.jpg
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Heliopora sp.

Colonies about 15-

30cm; polyps
about 0.5cm

Internal
skeletons are
blue due to the
iron salts that are
incorporated in Form branching,
their skeletons plate-like or
Skeletons are columnar colonies
made of a of Polyps of the
CaCO3 (fibro- blue coral each
crystalline have eight
argonite) tentacles
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Mussidae
Genus Symphyllia
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Symphyllia sp.
COMMON NAME
Brain Coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Meandroid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Colonial https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Lobophyllia_hemprichii_1.jpg
http://reefbuilders.com/files/2012/09/rainbow-lobophyllia.jpeg
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Symphyllia sp.

Flat or dome-
shaped colonies
with wide valleys
that meander in No ambulacra
curves and twists Corallite walls
throughout the joined/ fused
coral together
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Lobophyliidae
Genus Lobophyllia
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Lobophyllia sp.
COMMON NAME
Lobed Brain Coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Flabellate / Phaceloid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Branching colony https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Lobophyllia_hemprichii_1.jpg
http://reefbuilders.com/files/2012/09/rainbow-lobophyllia.jpeg
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Lobophyllia sp.

Colonies are
either flat or
dome-shaped
Large prominent
polyp tissue that
With massive usually cloaks the
colonies more underlying
Separate
than 15 feet skeleton
corallite walls
across
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Pocilloporidae
Genus Pocillopora
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Pocillopora sp.
COMMON NAME
Cauliflower Corals/ Brush Corals
CORALLITE FORMATION
Phaceloid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/aimscoral/images/largest/0307_C1_09.jpg
Colonial http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/basch/uhnpscesu/htms/wapaCorl/images/pocillop/Pocdami
L.jpg
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Pocillopora sp.

Presence of wart-
like growths on
their surface

Colonies dome
shaped or
branching Polyps have
tentacles
Color and shape normally
varies depending Shallow reef
extended during
on the species species: stunted
the night
and Deep, calm water
environmental species: thin and
conditions open
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Poritidae
Genus Porites
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Porites sp.
COMMON NAME
Finger coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Cerioid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Branching colony https://fossillady.wordpress.com/tag/porites-coral-fossil/
http://science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2010-news/LaJeunesse2-2010
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Porites sp.

Grows in finger like

projections that
can fuse at the tips

Very slow at
expanding, only
growing 1/3 of an
inch (9 mm) a
year Small,
submerged, and
Have microscopic
filled with septa
Have separate algae
male and female (zooxanthellae)
colonies living within their
tissues
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Faviidae
Genus Oulastrea
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Oulastrea sp.
COMMON NAME
Zebra Coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Plocoid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Encrusting colony http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/aimscoral/images/largest/0374_C1_05.jpg
https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7158/6626002003_337f2c2ef6.jpg
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Oulastrea sp.

Colonies about
10-15cm,
sometimes much
smaller.

Colony tends to
be encrusting,
sometimes a
Ability to reproduce
small boulder-
as a hermaphroditic
shape
broadcast spawner
Corallites about Found only in and brooder
0.5cm circular subtidal turbid
rings with thick water, attached
white septa on a to wave washed
black background rock.
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Acroporidae
Genus Acropora
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Acropora sp.
COMMON NAME
Staghorn coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Cerioid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Branching colony
http://www.coralhub.info/wp-content/gallery/acropora-tips/18-acropora-6-crop-img_5510-2.jpg
http://cdn2.arkive.org/media/B7/B7341946-12E2-4BE9-9D12-
1E44E69CE6BC/Presentation.Large/Bleached-Acropora-spp-coral.jpg
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Acropora sp.

Generally forms
branching colonies,
or clusters of
branchlets forming
tables or plates.

Distinct axial
corallite at Axial corallites
branch tips often appear
surrounded by differentiated
radial corallites form the radial
Corallites are
corallites, being
porous protruding
Have fast larger, or tubular
tubes, less than 5
growing nature and extended
mm long and 0.8-
1.0 mm in
diameter
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Agariciidae
Genus Pavona
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Pavona sp.
COMMON NAME
Cactus or Lettuce coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Thamnasteroid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
http://coralpets.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/green-pavona1.jpg
Foliaceous colony http://cdn2.arkive.org/media/E6/E645625C-6F31-43B4-B9B1-
0B993A335B11/Presentation.Large/Pavona-cactus-colony-on-crest-of-reef.jpg
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Pavona sp.

Corallites are
Small Polyp Stony irregular, deep
Coral (SPS) seated, and are
sometimes aligned
They have a parallel to margins
Colonies are thick
fluorescent glow interconnecting or to radiating ridges
that can be seen bifacial upright
beneath the plates or are
polyps submassive
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Agariciidae
Genus Coeloseris
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Coeloseris sp.
COMMON NAME
Tombstone coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Cerioid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
http://lh3.ggpht.com/EPMVfZn8G7RIyc8p4-
XugHqqFCp6LMboyCK1cMZ9bd1ooKPOmEzIVGfZotBjS_hNCnTiteDkLR4aAOPR6DkV

Massive colony =s580

http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/aimscoral/images/largest/0115_C1_03.jpg
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Coeloseris sp.

Colonies are
massive, either
rounded or hillocky

individual
corallites are
weakly excavated
forming small
depressions in no columella, giving
the colony a dark appearance
tips of retracted to the centre of the
surface tops of the walls
tentacles sit corallite.
separating the
between these
individual corallites
septa creating a
are are crossed by
neat ladder
well defined septa
pattern
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Dendrophyllidae
Genus Turbinaria
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Turbinaria sp.
COMMON NAME
Turban/Cup Coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Hydnophoroid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Laminar colony http://www.arkive.org/yellow-scroll-coral/turbinaria-reniformis/image-G42069.html
http://www.arkive.org/yellow-scroll-coral/turbinaria-reniformis/image-G42067.html
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Turbinaria sp.

Colonies initially
form flat, solid
plates.

Columella
structure is found As the coral
to be spongy develops, many
sheet-like, wavy
The polyps are fronds which grows
The projections of
found on both sides upwards develops
the polyps may be
of these fronds.
coloured grey,
They form small
green or brown.
conical projections
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Fungiidae
Genus Ctenactis
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Ctenactis sp.
COMMON NAME
Rough feather coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Flabelloid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Solitary http://www.arkive.org/mushroom-coral/ctenactis-albitentaculata/image-G114178.html
http://www.arkive.org/mushroom-coral/ctenactis-albitentaculata/image-G117061.html
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Ctenactis sp.

Free-living coral. It
is not attached to a
substrate. It is flat
or dome-shaped
and elongated in
outline.

Its columella
structure is
trabecular. Its
septa has long, Its tentacles
tapered, protrude from the
triangular teeth. coral mainly at
In the center, it has night but
It has bright
a wide, slit-like sometimes at day.
white, short,
mouth. It extends
tapered, widely-
across most of the
spaced tentacles.
polyps length.
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Subclass Hexacorallia
Order Scleractinia
Family Fungiidae
Genus Fungia
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Fungia sp.
COMMON NAME
Mushroom coral
CORALLITE FORMATION
Fungoid
SOLITARY/ COLONIAL
Solitary http://www.arkive.org/fungia/fungia-cyclolites/image-G119397.html
http://www.arkive.org/fungia/fungia-cyclolites/image-G119396.html
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Fungia sp.

Generally free-
living, not attached
to a substrate
except for juvenile

Flat or dome-
shaped and is
circular or Its columella
elongated in structure is usually
outline trabecular and its
They have wide, septal teeth is
slit-like mouths in Their tentacles acute or small.
the center and are usually only
short, tapered and extended at night.
widely spaced
tentacles.