Whats Up for Today?
LEARNING TARGET
Algebra II
Algebra II
I can operate with
polynomials and use binomial
expansion to rewrite
polynomials
IN-CLASS HOMEWORK
Finish classwork
Complete Unit 4 Assessment
Notes on Introduction to
Polynomials and operations with
polynomials
Skills Practice # 1-14
.
March 28, 2017
Warm-up

Simplify the following:

1.

2. Find the value of 2x3 3x + 4 when x = 2.

 12.3

Introduction to
Polynomials
 Polynomial Vocabulary

Term a number or a product of a number and

variables raised to powers
Coefficient numerical factor of a term
Constant term which is only a number
Polynomial is a sum of terms involving
variables raised to a whole number exponent,
with no variables appearing in any
denominator.
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 4
 Polynomial Vocabulary

In the polynomial 7x5 + x2y2 4xy + 7

There are 4 terms: 7x5, x2y2, -4xy and 7.
The coefficient of term 7x5 is 7,
of term x2y2 is 1,
of term 4xy is 4 and
of term 7 is 7.
7 is a constant term.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 5

 Types of Polynomials
Monomial is a polynomial with 1 term.
Binomial is a polynomial with 2 terms.
Trinomial is a polynomial with 3 terms.
Polynomials with 4 or more terms have no special
name.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 6

 Types of Polynomials
Polynomials can also be named by degree
Highest
Name
Degree
Constant

Linear

Quadratic
Cubic

Quartic

Quintic

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 7

 Degrees
Degree of a term
To find the degree, take the sum of the exponents
on the variables contained in the term.
Degree of a constant is 0.
Degree of the term 5a4b3c is 8 (remember that c
can be written as c1).
Degree of a polynomial
To find the degree, take the largest degree of any
term of the polynomial.
Degree of 9x3 4x2 + 7 is 3.
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 8
 Evaluating Polynomials
Evaluating a polynomial for a particular value involves
replacing the value for the variable(s) involved.

Example

Find the value of 2x3 3x + 4 when x = 2.

2x3 3x + 4 = 2( 2)3 3( 2) + 4
= 2( 8) + 6 + 4
=6

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 9

 Combining Like Terms
Like terms are terms that contain exactly the same variables
raised to exactly the same powers.
Warning!
Only like terms can be combined through addition and
subtraction.

Example
Combine like terms to simplify.
x2y + xy y + 10x2y 2y + xy
= x2y + 10x2y + xy + xy y 2y (Like terms are grouped together)

= (1 + 10)x2y + (1 + 1)xy + ( 1 2)y = 11x2y + 2xy 3y

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 10

Adding and Subtracting
Polynomials
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Adding Polynomials
Combine all the like terms.
Subtracting Polynomials
Change the signs of the terms of the polynomial
being subtracted, and then combine all the like
terms.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 12

Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example
Add or subtract each of the following, as indicated.
1) (3x 8) + (4x2 3x +3) = 3x 8 + 4x2 3x + 3
= 4x2 + 3x 3x 8 + 3
= 4x2 5

2) 4 ( y 4) = 4 + y + 4 = y + 4 + 4 = y + 8

3) ( a2 + 1) (a2 3) + (5a2 6a + 7)
= a2 + 1 a2 + 3 + 5a2 6a + 7

= a2 a2 + 5a2 6a + 1 + 3 + 7 = 3a2 6a + 11
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 13
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
In the previous examples, after discarding the
parentheses, we would rearrange the terms so
that like terms were next to each other in the
expression.

You can also use a vertical format in

arranging your problem, so that like terms are
aligned with each other vertically.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 14

 March 28, 2017
Closer

Simplify the following expression using addition or subtraction as

necessary

1.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 15

Multiplying
Polynomials
 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiplying polynomials
If all of the polynomials are monomials, use the
associative and commutative properties.
If any of the polynomials are not monomials,
use the distributive property before the
associative and commutative properties. Then
combine like terms.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 17

 Multiplying Polynomials
Example
Multiply each of the following.
1) (3x2)( 2x) = (3)( 2)(x2 x) = 6x3

2) (4x2)(3x2 2x + 5)
= (4x2)(3x2) (4x2)(2x) + (4x2)(5) (Distributive property)

= 12x4 8x3 + 20x2 (Multiply the monomials)

3) (2x 4)(7x + 5) = 2x(7x + 5) 4(7x + 5)

= 14x2 + 10x 28x 20
= 14x2 18x 20
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 18
 Multiplying Polynomials
Example
Multiply (a + 2)(a3 3a2 + 7).

(a + 2)(a3 3a2 + 7) = a(a3 3a2 + 7) + 2(a3 3a2 + 7)

= a4 3a3 + 7a + 2a3 6a2 +
14
= a4 a3 6a2 + 7a + 14

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 19

 Multiplying Polynomials
Example

Multiply (3x 7y)(7x + 2y)

(3x 7y)(7x + 2y) = (3x)(7x + 2y) 7y(7x + 2y)

= 21x2 + 6xy 49xy + 14y2
= 21x2 43xy + 14y2

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 20

 Multiplying Polynomials
Example
Multiply (2x2 + x 1)(x2 + 3x + 4)

(2x2 + x 1)(x2 + 3x + 4)

= (2x2)(x2 + 3x + 4) + x(x2 + 3x + 4) 1(x2 + 3x + 4)

= 2x4 + 6x3 + 8x2 + x3 + 3x2 + 4x x2 3x 4
= 2x4 + 7x3 + 10x2 + x 4

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 21

 Multiplying Polynomials
You can also use a vertical format in arranging
the polynomials to be multiplied.

In this case, as each term of one polynomial is

multiplied by a term of the other polynomial,
the partial products are aligned so that like
terms are together.

This can make it easier to find and combine like

terms.
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 22
 March 29, 2017
Closer

Simplify the following expression using addition or subtraction as

necessary

1. 2.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 23

 12.7

Dividing Polynomials
 Dividing Polynomials
Dividing a polynomial by a monomial
Divide each term of the polynomial separately by
the monomial.

Example
12a 3 36a 15 12a 3 36a 15

3a 3a 3a 3a
5
4a 12
2

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 25

 Dividing Polynomials

Dividing a polynomial by a polynomial other

than a monomial uses a long division
technique that is similar to the process known
as long division in dividing two numbers,
which is reviewed on the next slide.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 26

 Dividing Polynomials
168 Divide 43 into 72.
Multiply 1 times 43.
43 7256 Subtract 43 from 72.
43 Bring down 5.
29 5 Divide 43 into 295.
258 Multiply 6 times 43.
Subtract 258 from 295.
376 Bring down 6.
344 Divide 43 into 376.
32 Multiply 8 times 43.
Subtract 344 from 376. We then write our result as
32
Nothing to bring down. 168 .
43

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 27

 Dividing Polynomials
As you can see from the previous example, there is
a pattern in the long division technique.
Divide
Multiply
Subtract
Bring down
Then repeat these steps until you cant bring
down or divide any longer.
We will incorporate this same repeated technique
with dividing polynomials.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 28

 Dividing Polynomials

4x 5 Divide 7x into 28x2.

Multiply 4x times 7x+3.
7 x 3 28 x 23x 15
2 Subtract 28x2 + 12x from 28x2 23x.
Bring down 15.
28x 12 x
2
Divide 7x into 35x.

35 x 15 Multiply 5 times 7x+3.

Subtract 35x15 from 35x15.
35x 15 Nothing to bring down.

So our answer is 4x 5.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 29

 Dividing Polynomials

2x 10 Divide 2x into 4x2.

2 x 7 4x 6 x 8
2 Multiply 2x times 2x+7.
Subtract 4x2 + 14x from 4x2 6x.
4 x 14 x
2
Bring down 8.

20x 8 Divide 2x into 20x.

20x 70 Multiply -10 times 2x+7.

Subtract 20x70 from 20x+8.
78 Nothing to bring down.

We write our final answer as 2 x 10 78

( 2 x 7)
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 30