Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
References
When the concentration of the solute is small (less than 10%) the above equation is
simplified as
y
V * 1 dy
KG aP y2 (y - y e )
z =
where L* = molar liquid flow rate per unit cross-sectional area, kmol/h.m2
Ct = total molar concentration, kmol/m2 = L = molecular weight of solvent
2
The equation for packing height z in terms of overall gas-phase mass transfer
coefficient, KG may be viewed as a product of HOG and NOG:
y
V * 1 dy
K G aP y2 (y - y e )
z = H OG N OG =
HOG NOG
where HOG = height of an overall gas-phase transfer unit
NOG = number of overall gas-phase transfer units
Similarly, the equation for packing height z in terms of overall liquid-phase mass
transfer coefficient, KL may be viewed as a product of HOL and NOL
x
V * 1 dx
K LaC t x2 (xe - x )
z = H OL N OL =
HOL NOL
1. Graphical method
y1
dy
The integral (y - y
y2 e )
is integrated graphically between the limits y1 and y2.
2. Algebraic calculations
If the operating and equilibrium lines are straight and the system involves dilute
mixtures
y - y2
N OG = 1
y lm
y 1 y 2
where y lm = where y 1 = y 1 - y e1 and y 2 = y 2 - y e2
y 1
ln
y2
3. Estimation of NOG
If the equilibrium and operating lines are straight and the solvent feed is free of
solute, NOG can be estimated using the following relationship:
3
1 mV * y1 mV *
N OG = ln 1- + where m is the slope of the equilibrium line
mV * L * y2 L *
1-
L*
Figure 11.39 (Sinnott) is a plot of the above equation. This chart is used for quick
estimate of NOG and z. Optimum value for mV*/L* = 0.7 to 0.8
Predictive methods
2. Ondas method
this method is used to predict kG and kL values and is applicable for various
packings
0 . 05
aw c
0 . 75
L*m L*m a
0 .1 2
L*m 2
0.2
= 1 - exp -1.45
a L a L 2L g L L a
1/ 3 2/3 1 / 2
L L*m L
kL = 0.0051 (ad p )0.4
Lg a w L LDL
0.7
V*
1/ 3
k G RT V
= K 5 m (ad p )-2.0
a Dv a V V DV
L*
HL =
k La w C t
Tutorial 2
1. Ammonia content of a gas stream is reduced from 4.0 mole% to 0.5 mole% in a
packed absorption tower at 293 K and 1.013 x 105 Pa. The inlet flow of pure water is
68 kmol/h and the total flow of inlet gas is 58 kmol/h. The tower diameter is 0.75 m.
The packings are 25 mm Intalox saddles.
a) Estimate HOG values using Ondas methods (Ans: 2.57 m using Ondas method)
b) Compare the packed-bed height values calculated using the HOG values obtained in
the previous step
2. The gas SO2 is being scrubbed from air-SO2 mixture by pure water at 303 K and
1.013 x 105 Pa. The inlet gas contains 6.0 mole% SO2 and the outlet gas contains 0.3
mole% SO2. The tower cross-sectional area of packing is 0.44 m2. The inlet gas flow
is 15 kmol inert air/h and the inlet water flow is 980 kmol inert water/h. The packing
used are 38 mm Berl saddles.
Compare the packed-bed height values calculated using Ondas methods. (Ans: 1.6 m
using Ondas method)
3. SO2 -water equilibrium data are given in Table 2. A flue gas containing 6.0% SO2
by volume is to be scrubbed with water in a tower packed with 1 inch metallic pall
rings to remove the SO2 so that the exit gas will contain no more than 0.1 mole%
SO2. The tower must treat 0.125 kg/s of flue gas at atmospheric pressure and 20oC
and is to be designed using 60% of flooding velocity. The water flow rate is 5.0 kg/s.
Operating conditions of the tower will be isothermal at 20oC and 1 atmospheric
pressure.
Calculate the
a) diameter of the column assuming liquid mass flow rate does not change much over
the column height
b) height of the packing using Ondas method