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WhatisRMAN?
RecoveryManager(RMAN)isautilitythatcanmanageyourentireOraclebackupandrecoveryactivities.
Whatisthedifferencebetweenusingrecoverycatalogandcontrolfile?
Whennewincarnationhappens,theoldbackupinformationincontrolfilewillbelost.Itwillbepreservedin
recoverycatalog.
Inrecoverycatalogwecanstorescripts.
Recoverycatalogiscentralandcanhaveinformationofmanydatabases.
Canweusesametargetdatabaseascatalog?
No,Therecoverycatalogshouldnotresideinthetargetdatabase(databaseshouldbebackedup),because
thedatabasecantberecoveredinthemountedstate.
HowdoyouknowthathowmuchRMANtaskhasbeencompleted?
Byqueryingv$rman_statusorv$session_longops
Fromwherelist&reportcommandswillgetinput?
Boththecommandscommandqueringv$andrecoverycatalogviews.V$BACKUP_FILESormanyofthe
recoverycatalogviewssuchasRC_DATAFILE_COPYorRC_ARCHIVED_LOG.
Commandtodeletearchivelogsolderthan7days?
RMAN>deletearchivelogallcompletedbeforesysdate7
Howmanytimesdoesoracleaskbeforedroppingacatalog?
Thedefaultistwotimesonefortheactualcommand,theotherforconfirmation.
Howtoviewthecurrentdefaultsforthedatabase.
RMAN>showall
WhatistheuseofcrosscheckcommandinRMAN?
CrosscheckwillbeusefultocheckwhetherthecataloginformationisintactwithOSlevelinformation.This
commandonlyupdatesrepositoryrecordswiththestatusofthebackups.
e.g.Ifuserremovesarchivedlogsfromdiskwithanoperatingsystemcommand,therepositorystillindicates
thatthelogsareondisk,wheninfacttheyarenot.
Whatarethedifferencesbetweencrosscheckandvalidatecommands?
Validatecommandistoexamineabackupsetandreportwhetheritcanberestored.RMANscansallofthe
backuppiecesinthespecifiedbackupsetsandlooksatthechecksumtoverifythatthecontentsareintactso
thatbackupcanbesuccessfullyrestoredifnecessary.
CrosscheckcommandistoverifythestatusofbackupsandcopiesrecordedintheRMANrepositoryagainst
mediasuchasdiskortape.Thecrosscheckcommandonlyprocessesfilescreatedonthesamedevicetypeas
thechannelrunningcrosscheck.
Whichoneisgood,differential(incremental)backuporcumulative(incremental)backup?
Adifferentialbackup,whichbacksupallblockschangedafterthemostrecentincrementalbackupatlevel1or
0
RMAN>BACKUPINCREMENTALLEVEL1DATABASE
Acumulativebackup,whichbacksupallblockschangedafterthemostrecentincrementalbackupatlevel0
RMAN>BACKUPINCREMENTALLEVEL1CUMULATIVEDATABASE
Cumulativebackupsarepreferabletodifferentialbackupswhenrecoverytimeismoreimportantthandisk
space,becauseduringrecoveryeachdifferentialbackupmustbeappliedinsuccession.Use
cumulativeincrementalbackupsinsteadofdifferential,ifenoughdiskspaceisavailabletostore
cumulativeincrementalbackups.
ThisiscommandfortakingLevel0backup.
RMAN>BACKUPINCREMENTALLEVEL0DATABASE
Whatisthedifferencebetweenbackupsetandbackuppiece?
Backupsetislogicalandbackuppieceisphysical.
RMANcommandtobackupforcreatingstandbydatabase
RMAN>duplicatetargetdatabase
YoulossonedatafileandDBisrunninginARCHIVELOGmode.Youhavefulldatabasebackupof1
week/dayoldanddonthavebackupofthis(newlycreated)datafile.Howdoyourestore/recoverfile?
Createdatafileandrecoverdatafile.
SQL>alterdatabasecreatedatafile/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xyz.dbfsize2G
RMAN>recoverdatafilefile_id
Whatisobsoletebackup&expiredbackup?
Astatusofexpiredmeansthatthebackuppieceorbackupsetisnotfoundinthebackupdestination.
Astatusofobsoletemeansthebackuppieceisstillavailable,butitisnolongerneeded.Thebackuppieceis
nolongerneededsinceRMANhasbeenconfiguredtonolongerneedthispieceaftersomanydayshave
elapsed,orsomanybackupshavebeenperformed.
Whatisthedifferencebetweenhotbackup&RMANbackup?
Forhotbackup,wehavetoputdatabaseinbeginbackupmode,thentakebackup.
RMANwontputdatabaseinbackupmode.
Howtoputmanual/usermanagedbackupinRMAN(recoverycatalog)?
Byusingcatalogcommand.
RMAN>CATALOGSTARTWITH/tmp/backup.ctl
WhataretheArchitecturalcomponentsofRMAN?
1.RMANExecutables
2.Sercerprocess
3.Channels
4.Targetdatabase
5.Recoverycatalogdatabase(optional)
6.MediamanagementLayer(optional)
7.Backups,backupsetsandbackuppieces
Whatarechannels?
AchannelisanRMANserverprocessstartedwhenthereisaneedtocommunicatewithanI/Odevice,suchas
adiskoratape.AchanneliswhatreadsandwritesRMANbackupfiles.Itisthroughtheallocationofchannels
thatyougovernI/Ocharacteristics:
TypeofI/Odevicebeingreadorwrittento,eitheradiskoransbt_tape
NumberofprocessessimultaneouslyaccessinganI/Odevice
MaximizesizeoffilescreatedonI/Odevices
Maximizerateatwhichdatabasefilesareread
Maximizenumberoffilesopenatatime
Whyisthecatalogoptional?
BecauseRMANmanagesbackupandrecoveryoperations,itrequiresaplacetostorenecessaryinformation
aboutthedatabase.RMANalwaysstoresthisinformationinthetargetdatabasecontrolfile.Youcanalsostore
RMANmetadatainarecoverycatalogschemacontainedinaseparatedatabase.Therecoverycatalogschema
mustbestoredinadatabaseotherthanthetargetdatabase.
WhatisaBackupset?
AlogicalgroupingofbackupfilesthebackuppiecesthatarecreatedwhenyouissueanRMANbackup
command.AbackupsetisRMANsnameforacollectionoffilesassociatedwithabackup.Abackupsetis
composedofoneormorebackuppieces.
WhatarethebenefitsofusingRMAN?
1.Incrementalbackupsthatonlycopydatablocksthathavechangedsincethelastbackup.
2.Tablespacesarenotputinbackupmode,thusthereisnoextraredologgenerationduringonlinebackups.
3.Detectionofcorruptblocksduringbackups.
4.ParallelizationofI/Ooperations.
5.Automaticloggingofallbackupandrecoveryoperations.
6.Builtinreportingandlistingcommands.
WhatarethevariousreportsavailablewithRMAN
RMAN>listbackup
RMAN>listarchive
Incatalogdatabase,ifsomeoftheblocksarecorruptedduetosystemcrash,Howwillyourecover?
usingRMANBLOCKRECOVERcommand
HowdoyouenabletheautobackupforthecontrolfileusingRMAN?
IssuecommandatRMANprompt.
RMAN>configurecontrolfileautobackupon
Alsowecanconfigurecontrolfilebackupformat.
RMAN>configurecontrolfileautobackupformatfordevicetypediskto
2>$HOME/BACKUP/RMAN/F.bkp
HowdoyouidentifywhataretheallthetargetdatabasesthatarebeingbackedupwithRMAN
database?
Youdonthaveanyviewtoidentifywhetheritisbackedupornot.Theonlyoptionisconnecttothetarget
databaseandgivelistbackupthiswillgiveyouthebackupinformationwithdateandtiming.
HowdoyouidentifytheblockcorruptioninRMANdatabase?Howdoyoufixit?
Usingv$block_corruptionviewyoucanfindwhichblockscorrupted.
RMAN>blockrecoverdatafile<fileid>block<blockid>
UsingtheabovestatementYourecoverthecorruptedblocks.Firstcheckwhethertheblockiscorruptedornot
byusingthiscommand
SQL>selectfile#block#fromv$database_block_corruption
file#block
2507
theaboveblockiscorrupted
conntoRman
Torecovertheblockusethiscommand
RMAN>blockrecoverdatafile2block507
theabovecommandrecovertheblock507
Nowjustverifyit..
Rman>blockrecovercorruptionlist
HowdoyouclonethedatabaseusingRMANsoftware?Givebriefsteps?Whendoyouusecrosscheck
command?
Checkwhetherbackuppiecesproxycopiesordiskcopiesstillexist.
TwocommandsavailableinRMANtoclonedatabase:
1)Duplicate
2)Restore.
ListsomeoftheRMANcatalogviewnameswhichcontainthecataloginformation?
RC_DATABASE_INCARNATIONRC_BACKUP_COPY_DETAILS
RC_BACKUP_CORRUPTION
RC_BACKUPDATAFILE_SUMMARY
HowdoyouinstalltheRMANrecoverycatalog?
Stepstobefollowed:
1)Createconnectionstringatcatalogdatabase.
2)Atcatalogdatabasecreateonenewuseroruseexistinguserandgivethatuserarecovery_catalog_owner
privilege.
3)LoginintoRMANwithconnectionstring
a)exportORACLE_SID
b)rmantargetcatalog@connectionstring
4)rman>createcatalog
5)registerdatabase
Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysicalandlogicalbackups?
InOracleLogicalBackupiswhichistakenusingeitherTraditionalExport/ImportorLatestDataPump.Where
asPhysicalbackupisknownwhenyoutakePhysicalO/sDatabaserelatedFilesasBackup.
WhatisRAID?WhatisRAID0?WhatisRAID1?WhatisRAID10?
RAID:Itisaredundantarrayofindependentdisk
RAID0:Concatenationandstripping
RAID1:Mirroring
HowtoenableFastIncrementalBackuptobackuponlythosedatablocksthathavechanged?
SQL>ALTERDATABASEenableBLOCKCHANGETRACKING
Howdoyousettheflashrecoveryarea?
SQL>ALTERSYSTEMSETdb_recovery_file_dest_size=100G
SQL>ALTERSYSTEMSETdb_recovery_file_dest=/u10/oradata/school
WhatisauxiliarychannelinRMAN?Whendoyouneedthis?
Anauxiliarychannelisalinktoauxiliaryinstance.Ifyoudonothaveautomaticchannelsconfigured,then
beforeissuingtheDUPLICATEcommand,manuallyallocateatleastoneauxiliarychannelwithinthesameRUN
command.
HowdoyouusetheV$RECOVERY_FILE_DESTviewtodisplayinformationregardingtheflashrecovery
area?
SQL>SELECTname,space_limit,space_used,space_reclaimable,number_of_filesFROM
v$recovery_file_dest
Howcanyoudisplaywarningmessages?
SQL>SELECTobject_type,message_type,message_level,reason,suggested_actionFROM
dba_outstanding_alerts
Howdoyoubackuptheentiredatabase?
RMAN>BACKUPDATABASE
Howdoyoubackupanindividualtablespaces?
RMAN>CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPETODISK
RMAN>BACKUPTABLESPACEsystem
Howdoyoubackupdatafilesandcontrolfiles?
RMAN>BACKUPDATAFILE3
RMAN>BACKUPCURRENTCONTROLFILE
Useafastrecoverywithoutrestoringallbackupsfromtheirbackuplocationtothelocationspecifiedinthe
controlfile.
RMAN>SWITCHDATABASETOCOPY